CN113943185A - High tower compound fertilizer containing microorganisms and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High tower compound fertilizer containing microorganisms and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113943185A CN113943185A CN202111171728.7A CN202111171728A CN113943185A CN 113943185 A CN113943185 A CN 113943185A CN 202111171728 A CN202111171728 A CN 202111171728A CN 113943185 A CN113943185 A CN 113943185A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high tower compound fertilizer containing microorganisms and a preparation method thereof, the high tower compound fertilizer containing the microorganisms sequentially comprises a fertilizer master batch, a degradable slow release layer and a microorganism coating layer from inside to outside, and the fertilizer master batch, the degradable slow release layer and the microorganism coating layer are 65-96:0.5-2:0.5-2 in parts by mass; the fertilizer master batch comprises, by mass, 97-99 parts of inorganic fertilizer and 0.5-3 parts of organic matter; the microbial coating layer comprises a microbial agent, a biological enzyme and a strain protective agent in a mass ratio of 1:1-2:2-4, and the degradable slow-release layer comprises cyclodextrin. According to the invention, cyclodextrin is used as the degradable slow release layer, so that the contact between inorganic elements and microorganisms can be effectively prevented, and meanwhile, the fertilizer fertility is gradually released by utilizing the decomposition effect of the microorganisms on the cyclodextrin, so that the problems of low survival rate of microbial agents and difficulty in taking the slow release effect into consideration in the existing microbial compound fertilizer are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer preparation, in particular to a high tower compound fertilizer containing microorganisms and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, the use of chemical fertilizers for a large number of years leads to the deterioration of the physical and chemical properties of soil, the reduction of organic matters, medium elements, trace elements and beneficial microorganisms in the soil, the spread of soil-borne diseases is serious, the general condition of the domestic soil environment is not optimistic, and the quality of the soil environment of cultivated land is more worried. Aiming at the problems that inorganic fertilizers only provide nutrients and can not improve soil, organic matters can improve soil but the fertility is insufficient, a compound fertilizer which can improve and repair soil environment, provide various nutrient components and effectively promote the growth of crops is urgently needed at present.
The patent CN112390689A discloses a compound fertilizer special for winter jujube suitable for saline-alkali soil and a preparation method and application thereof, the compound fertilizer is prepared by the following raw materials, by weight, 3-5 parts of diammonium phosphate, 0.2-0.5 part of calcium superphosphate, 0.2-0.5 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.1-0.2 part of zinc sulfate, 0.1-0.2 part of copper sulfate, 0.1-0.2 part of manganese sulfate, 0.1-0.2 part of borax, 2-4 parts of a compound microbial agent, 30-40 parts of crop straws, 30-40 parts of waste grape branches, 60-80 parts of vinegar residue, 20-30 parts of jujube residue and 10-15 parts of dry human and animal feces; wherein the compound microbial agent is prepared by mixing bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus megaterium and photosynthetic bacteria according to the weight ratio of 0.2:0.5:5: 2. The preparation method comprises (1) pulverizing crop straw, waste grape branch and human and animal dry feces at a certain proportion, mixing, adding vinegar residue and fructus Jujubae residue, sieving the mixture with 2mm stainless steel screen, removing impurities, and uniformly spraying clear water into the raw material filtered by the screen, wherein the water content of the raw material is controlled to 40-50%; (2) activating the microbial inoculum, namely mixing a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, a bacillus licheniformis microbial inoculum, bacillus megatherium and a photosynthetic bacterium microbial inoculum according to a ratio, adding clear water and cane sugar or brown sugar into the mixed microbial inoculum, fully and uniformly stirring, and controlling the temperature to activate the bacterial liquid for 3-5 hours at the temperature of 30-35 ℃; wherein the concentration of the sugar water is 1 percent, namely 10g of cane sugar or brown sugar is added into 1 liter of water; then adding a mixed microbial inoculum, wherein the mass ratio of the microbial inoculum to the sugar water is 0.1: 100; (3) composting, namely uniformly scattering activated microbial inoculum on the mixed raw materials prepared in the step (1), uniformly stirring, controlling the water content to be less than or equal to 60%, performing composting fermentation in a natural state, detecting the temperature, turning the compost every day when the temperature of the fertilizer reaches 50 ℃, and completing the fermentation for 12-18 days; (4) and (3) adding diammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate and borax into the organic compost obtained in the step (3) in proportion, mixing and fully stirring. The method directly mixes the microbial inoculum with the fertilizer, causes direct contact of inorganic elements and the microbial inoculum, is difficult to improve the survival rate of the microbial inoculum, and is difficult to realize the slow-release long-acting use of the fertilizer.
The patent CN112266291A discloses a preparation method of microbial bacterium granules, a microbial compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method of the microbial bacterium granules comprises the following steps of firstly, adding beneficial microbial bacterium liquid into mixed nutrient solution, then adding porous hydroxyapatite into the mixed nutrient solution, and carrying out aeration treatment to obtain the porous hydroxyapatite loaded with microorganisms; wherein the mixed nutrient solution comprises 10-20 parts by weight, 2-4 parts by weight, 3-6 parts by weight and 30-40 parts by weight of trehalose, tetrahydropyrimidine and a nutrient, and the beneficial microbial liquid, the trehalose, the tetrahydropyrimidine, the nutrient and the porous hydroxyapatite are sequentially contained; step two, uniformly mixing the porous hydroxyapatite loaded with the microorganisms and the superfine protein powder according to the parts by weight of 10-20 and 4-6, adding the mixture into a granulator, and spraying a first adhesive for granulation to obtain beneficial bacterium strain granules; and step three, adding the beneficial bacterium strain granules and the halophilic microorganism-loaded apatite into a granulator according to the weight parts of 20-40 and 3-8, and spraying a first adhesive for granulation to obtain the coated microorganism granules. The preparation method of the microbial compound fertilizer comprises the following steps of adding microbial granules with envelopes into a granulator, spraying the crushed compound fertilizer and then spraying a second adhesive for granulation to obtain the microbial compound fertilizer; wherein the weight parts of the microbial granules with the envelopes and the compound fertilizer are sequentially 2-8 and 30-40, and the second adhesive is one of polyvinyl alcohol glue solution and polyacrylic acid emulsion; the particle size of the microbial compound fertilizer is 2-4 mm. Due to the existence of the apatite loaded with halophilic microorganisms, the beneficial bacterium strain granules can be protected, and the microbial survival rate of the beneficial bacterium strain granules is improved. However, the method has complex process, still needs to use high molecular polymers such as polyacrylic acid and the like, and has high production cost and environmental cost.
Patent CN111848270A discloses a compound fertilizer containing biological enzyme and a preparation method thereof, wherein the compound fertilizer containing biological enzyme comprises biological enzyme, microbial agent, inorganic nutrient and organic matter, and the mass ratio of the biological enzyme, the microbial agent, the inorganic nutrient and the organic matter is 0.1-1: 70-98: 1-5. The preparation method comprises (1) mixing inorganic nutrients and organic matter, granulating in high tower to obtain granular fertilizer, cooling, and sieving to make the granular fertilizer temperature not higher than 70 deg.C; (2) mixing a microbial agent, a biological enzyme and a plate prevention agent to obtain a coating agent; (3) and (3) spraying oil, spraying powder and coating the granular fertilizer prepared in the step (1) by using the coating agent prepared in the step (2) in a coating cylinder, and then packaging. The method has simple preparation process and balanced fertilizer nutrient components, but still does not solve the problem of low survival rate of the microbial inoculum caused by direct contact of inorganic nutrients and the microbial inoculum.
Therefore, there is a need for a high-tower compound fertilizer containing microorganisms and a preparation method thereof, which solve the problems in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the first object of the invention is to provide a high-tower compound fertilizer containing microorganisms, which can effectively prevent inorganic elements from contacting with the microorganisms by using cyclodextrin as a degradable slow-release layer, and can gradually release fertilizer fertility by using the decomposition effect of the microorganisms on the cyclodextrin, thereby solving the problems of low survival rate of microbial agents and difficulty in taking a slow-release effect into consideration in the existing microbial compound fertilizer.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the high tower compound fertilizer containing the microorganism, which has simple process and low production cost.
One of the purposes of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the high tower compound fertilizer containing the microorganisms sequentially comprises a fertilizer master batch, a degradable slow release layer and a microorganism coating layer from inside to outside, wherein the fertilizer master batch is the degradable slow release layer, and the microorganism coating layer is 65-96:0.5-2: 0.5-2; the fertilizer master batch comprises, by mass, 97-99 parts of inorganic fertilizer and 0.5-3 parts of organic matter; the microbial coating layer comprises a microbial agent, a biological enzyme and a strain protective agent in parts by mass of 1:1-2:2-4, and the degradable slow-release layer comprises cyclodextrin.
Further, the organic matter comprises one or two of fulvic acid and amino acid.
Further, the inorganic fertilizer comprises three or more of urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, water-soluble potassium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate, water-soluble potassium nitrate, water-soluble monopotassium phosphate and potassium sulfate.
Further, the components of the degradable slow-release layer comprise cyclodextrin and chitosan oligosaccharide.
Further, the microbial agent comprises one or more than two of bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus mucilaginosus, saccharomycetes and actinomycetes.
Further, the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus megaterium, the bacillus licheniformis, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the bacillus mucilaginosus, the saccharomycete and the actinomycete are counted according to the mass part ratio, wherein the mass part ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the bacillus megaterium to the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 1.5:1:1:1: 0.2-0.5: 0.2-0.5.
Further, the biological enzyme comprises one or more than two of protease, amylase, pectinase, chito-oligosaccharidase, glucanase and cellulase.
Further, the water content of the organic matter is less than 1.5%.
The second purpose of the invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical scheme:
a process for preparing high-tower compound fertilizer containing microbes includes such steps as mixing raw materials
(1) Mixing the inorganic fertilizer and the organic matter for high tower spraying granulation to obtain fertilizer master batches, screening in a granulation tower, and naturally cooling;
(2) heating to dissolve the cyclodextrin and the chitosan oligosaccharide, mixing the dissolved solution with the fertilizer master batch in one of spraying, dropping or dipping, and heating at constant temperature after mixing to completely evaporate the solvent to form the fertilizer master batch coated with the degradable slow-release layer;
(3) mixing the microbial agent, the biological enzyme and the strain protective agent to form a coating agent;
(4) and (3) performing oil spraying and powder spraying coating on the fertilizer master batches coated with the degradable slow release layer and prepared in the step (2) by using the coating agent prepared in the step (3) in a coating cylinder to obtain the high tower compound fertilizer containing microorganisms.
Further, the particle size range of the fertilizer master batches in the step (1) is 2.5mm-3.5 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the high-tower compound fertilizer containing the microorganisms sequentially comprises the fertilizer master batches, the degradable slow release layer and the microorganism coating layer from inside to outside, when the cyclodextrin is used as the degradable slow release layer of the fertilizer, inorganic elements can be effectively prevented from being contacted with the microorganisms, the survival rate of the microbial inoculum is improved, meanwhile, the fertility of the inner-layer fertilizer master batches is gradually released by utilizing the decomposition effect of the microorganisms on the cyclodextrin, and the problems that the survival rate of the microbial inoculum is low and the slow release effect is difficult to take into account in the existing microbial compound fertilizer are solved.
2. The preparation method of the high tower compound fertilizer containing the microorganisms mainly comprises three stages of high tower granulation of inorganic-organic materials, coating of the degradable slow release layer and mixed coating of the microbial agent, and has the advantages of simple process, no introduction of components such as organic solvents and the like and low production cost.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments, and it should be noted that, without conflict, any combination between the embodiments or technical features described below may form a new embodiment.
A high tower compound fertilizer containing microorganisms sequentially comprises a fertilizer master batch, a degradable slow release layer and a microorganism coating layer from inside to outside, wherein the fertilizer master batch is the degradable slow release layer, and the microorganism coating layer is 65-96:0.5-2: 0.5-2; the fertilizer master batch comprises, by mass, 97-99 parts of inorganic fertilizer and 0.5-3 parts of organic matter; the microbial coating layer comprises a microbial agent, a biological enzyme and a strain protective agent in a mass ratio of 1:1-2:2-4, and the degradable slow-release layer comprises cyclodextrin.
The high tower compound fertilizer containing the microorganisms sequentially comprises fertilizer master batches, a degradable slow release layer and a microorganism coating layer from inside to outside, wherein cyclodextrin has a structure with hydrophilic outer edge and hydrophobic inner cavity and can form a host-guest inclusion compound with other compounds through molecular complexation, the inclusion compound is driven by intermolecular weak acting force, and the process is a reversible process. Cyclodextrin can not take place to decompose under water or air or illumination condition, but can slowly take place to decompose under the microbial action, consequently when using cyclodextrin as the degradable slow release layer of fertilizer, can effectively block the contact of inorganic element and microorganism, improves the microbial inoculum survival rate, utilizes the microbial decomposition effect to cyclodextrin simultaneously, releases the fertility of inlayer fertilizer master batch gradually, has solved among the current microbial compound fertilizer that the microbial inoculum survival rate is low, is difficult to compromise the problem of slowly-releasing effect.
Meanwhile, the high-tower compound fertilizer containing microorganisms adopts a three-layer structure, firstly releases the microbial agent to improve the survival rate of the microorganisms and the plant resistance, slowly degrades the cyclodextrin slow-release layer under the decomposition action of the microbial agent, and orderly releases the fertility of the compound fertilizer, so that the long-acting property of the compound fertilizer is realized, and the soil can effectively improve the soil remediation capability and improve the soil planting safety through the organic and inorganic fertilizers and the microbial agent.
As a further embodiment, the organic matter comprises one or two of fulvic acid and amino acid, the fulvic acid can provide nutrients for crops, improve the soil structure, improve the biological property and the physicochemical property of the soil, condition the pH value of the soil, and the fulvic acid and an inorganic fertilizer are combined to produce the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, so that the growth of the crops can be effectively regulated, and the nutrient utilization rate can be improved.
In a further embodiment, the inorganic fertilizer includes three or more of urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, water-soluble potassium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate, water-soluble potassium nitrate, water-soluble monopotassium phosphate, and potassium sulfate, and further, the inorganic fertilizer can achieve balanced nutrition.
As a further implementation mode, the components of the degradable slow-release layer comprise cyclodextrin and chitosan oligosaccharide, so that the contact of inorganic elements and microorganisms can be effectively prevented, and the survival rate of the microbial inoculum is improved.
As a further embodiment, the microbial agent comprises one or more of bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus mucilaginosus, microzyme and actinomycetes, wherein the bacillus megaterium can degrade indissolvable phosphorus-containing compounds in soil to form soluble substances which can be absorbed by crops, the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens can improve soil fertility, promote the growth of the crops and improve the quality of the crops, have the functions of antagonizing pathogenic bacteria, preventing and controlling diseases of soil, can repair and improve soil, cultivate and fertilize soil, improve the stress resistance of plants, and can decompose potassium and silicon in minerals such as feldspar, mica and the like, decompose phosphorus in apatite, and secrete plant growth stimulin and various enzymes, further enhancing the resistance of crops to diseases.
In a further embodiment, the ratio of bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus mucilaginosus, saccharomycete and actinomycete is 1.5:1:1:1: 0.2-0.5:0.2-0.5, and the synergistic effect of the microorganisms is further effectively realized.
In a further embodiment, the biological enzyme comprises one or more of protease, amylase, pectinase, chito-oligosaccharidase, glucanase and cellulase, thereby realizing the synergistic effect of the biological enzyme and the microorganism.
As a further embodiment, the strain protective agent comprises attapulgite and diatomite, so that the survival rate and survival time of microorganisms are improved, and the fertilizer efficiency is improved.
In a further embodiment, the organic matter has a water content of 1.5% or less, and further reduces the occurrence of fertilizer dusting and caking.
The second purpose of the invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical scheme:
a process for preparing high-tower compound fertilizer containing microbes includes such steps as mixing
(1) Mixing inorganic fertilizer and organic matter, performing high tower spraying granulation to obtain fertilizer master batches, screening in a granulation tower, and naturally cooling to ensure that the temperature of the fertilizer master batches is less than 75 ℃;
(2) heating to dissolve cyclodextrin and chitosan oligosaccharide, mixing the dissolved solution with the fertilizer master batch in one of spraying, dropping or dipping, and heating at constant temperature after mixing to completely evaporate the solvent to form the fertilizer master batch coated with the degradable slow-release layer;
(3) mixing a microbial agent, a biological enzyme and a strain protective agent to form a film forming agent;
(4) and (3) performing oil spraying and powder spraying coating on the fertilizer master batches coated with the degradable slow release layers and prepared in the step (2) by using the coating agent prepared in the step (3) in a coating cylinder to obtain the high tower compound fertilizer containing microorganisms.
As a further implementation mode, the grain size range of the fertilizer master batches in the step (1) is 2.5mm-3.5mm, and further effective slow-release of the fertilizer is realized.
The following are specific examples of the present invention, and raw materials, equipments and the like used in the following examples can be obtained by purchasing them unless otherwise specified.
Example 1:
the high tower compound fertilizer containing the microorganisms comprises fertilizer master batches, a degradable slow release layer and a microorganism coating layer, wherein the mass part ratio of the fertilizer master batches to the degradable slow release layer is 95:0.8: 1.6; the fertilizer master batch comprises inorganic fertilizer and organic matter in a mass part ratio of 98: 1.2; the microbial coating layer comprises a microbial agent, a biological enzyme and a strain protective agent in parts by mass, wherein the mass parts of the microbial agent, the biological enzyme and the strain protective agent are 1:1.5: 2.6.
The organic matter is fulvic acid.
The inorganic fertilizer comprises 35 parts of urea, 5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 33 parts of monoammonium phosphate and 29 parts of potassium sulfate.
The degradable slow release layer comprises 10 parts of cyclodextrin and 6 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide.
The bacillus subtilis, the bacillus megaterium, the bacillus licheniformis, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the bacillus mucilaginosus, the saccharomycetes and the actinomycetes are counted according to the mass part ratio, wherein the mass part ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the bacillus megaterium to the bacillus licheniformis to the bacillus amyloliquefaciens to the bacillus mucilaginosus to the actinomycetes.
The biological enzyme comprises 16 parts of protease, 12 parts of amylase, 15 parts of pectinase, 16 parts of chito-oligosaccharidase, 11 parts of glucanase and 8 parts of cellulase.
The strain protective agent comprises 10 parts of attapulgite and 6 parts of diatomite.
The water content of the organic matter is 1.2%.
The preparation method of the high tower compound fertilizer containing the microorganisms comprises the following steps of
(1) Mixing the inorganic fertilizer and the organic matter for high tower spraying granulation to obtain fertilizer master batches, screening in a granulation tower, and naturally cooling;
(2) heating to dissolve the cyclodextrin and the chitosan oligosaccharide, mixing the dissolved solution with the fertilizer master batch in one of spraying, dropping or dipping, and heating at constant temperature after mixing to completely evaporate the solvent to form the fertilizer master batch coated with the degradable slow-release layer;
(3) mixing the microbial agent, the biological enzyme and the strain protective agent to form a coating agent;
(4) and (3) performing oil spraying and powder spraying coating on the fertilizer master batches coated with the degradable slow release layer and prepared in the step (2) by using the coating agent prepared in the step (3) in a coating cylinder to obtain the high tower compound fertilizer containing microorganisms.
The grain size of the fertilizer master batch in the step (1) is 2.8 mm.
Comparative example 1:
comparative example 1 compared with example 1, comparative example 1 did not add cyclodextrin and chitosan oligosaccharide as a degradable sustained-release layer, and the rest was identical to example 1.
Example 2:
the high tower compound fertilizer containing the microorganisms comprises fertilizer master batches, a degradable slow release layer and a microorganism coating layer, wherein the mass part ratio of the fertilizer master batches to the degradable slow release layer is 65:2: 2; the fertilizer master batch comprises inorganic fertilizer and organic matter in a mass part ratio of 99: 0.5; the microbial coating layer comprises a microbial agent, a biological enzyme and a strain protective agent in a mass part ratio of 1:2: 4.
The organic matter is fulvic acid.
The inorganic fertilizer comprises 33 parts of urea, 7 parts of ammonium sulfate, 35 parts of monoammonium phosphate and 29 parts of water-soluble monopotassium phosphate.
The degradable slow release layer comprises 8 parts of cyclodextrin and 4 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide.
The bacillus subtilis, the bacillus megaterium, the bacillus licheniformis, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the bacillus mucilaginosus, the saccharomycetes and the actinomycetes are counted according to the mass part ratio, wherein the mass part ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the bacillus megaterium to the bacillus licheniformis to the bacillus amyloliquefaciens to the bacillus mucilaginosus to the actinomycetes.
The biological enzyme comprises 15 parts of protease, 10 parts of amylase, 13 parts of pectinase, 16 parts of chito-oligosaccharidase, 10 parts of glucanase and 6 parts of cellulase.
The strain protective agent comprises 6 parts of attapulgite and 7 parts of diatomite.
The water content of the organic matter is 1.3%.
The preparation method of the high tower compound fertilizer containing the microorganisms comprises the following steps of
(1) Mixing the inorganic fertilizer and the organic matter for high tower spraying granulation to obtain fertilizer master batches, screening in a granulation tower, and naturally cooling;
(2) heating to dissolve the cyclodextrin and the chitosan oligosaccharide, mixing the dissolved solution with the fertilizer master batch in one of spraying, dropping or dipping, and heating at constant temperature after mixing to completely evaporate the solvent to form the fertilizer master batch coated with the degradable slow-release layer;
(3) mixing the microbial agent, the biological enzyme and the strain protective agent to form a coating agent;
(4) and (3) performing oil spraying and powder spraying coating on the fertilizer master batches coated with the degradable slow release layer and prepared in the step (2) by using the coating agent prepared in the step (3) in a coating cylinder to obtain the high tower compound fertilizer containing microorganisms.
The grain size of the fertilizer master batch in the step (1) is 2.5 mm.
Comparative example 2:
comparative example 2 compared to example 2, comparative example 2 did not add cyclodextrin and chitosan oligosaccharide as a degradable sustained-release layer, and the rest was identical to example 2.
Example 3:
the high tower compound fertilizer containing the microorganisms comprises fertilizer master batches, a degradable slow release layer and a microorganism coating layer, wherein the mass part ratio of the fertilizer master batches to the degradable slow release layer is 96:0.5: 0.5; the fertilizer master batch comprises, by mass, 97: 3 of inorganic fertilizer and 97: 3 of organic matter; the microbial coating layer comprises a microbial agent, a biological enzyme and a strain protective agent in a mass part ratio of 1:1: 2.
The organic matter is fulvic acid.
The inorganic fertilizer comprises 35 parts of urea, 11 parts of ammonium sulfate, 30 parts of monoammonium phosphate and 26 parts of water-soluble monopotassium phosphate.
The degradable slow release layer comprises 5 parts of cyclodextrin and 5 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide.
The bacillus subtilis, the bacillus megaterium, the bacillus licheniformis, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the bacillus mucilaginosus, the saccharomycetes and the actinomycetes are counted according to the mass part ratio, wherein the mass part ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the bacillus megaterium to the bacillus licheniformis to the bacillus amyloliquefaciens to the bacillus mucilaginosus to the actinomycetes.
The biological enzyme comprises 15 parts of protease, 15 parts of amylase, 15 parts of pectinase, 15 parts of chito-oligosaccharidase, 5 parts of glucanase and 5 parts of cellulase.
The strain protective agent comprises 5 parts of attapulgite and 5 parts of diatomite.
The water content of the organic matter is 1.5%.
The preparation method of the high tower compound fertilizer containing the microorganisms comprises the following steps of
(1) Mixing the inorganic fertilizer and the organic matter for high tower spraying granulation to obtain fertilizer master batches, screening in a granulation tower, and naturally cooling;
(2) heating to dissolve the cyclodextrin and the chitosan oligosaccharide, mixing the dissolved solution with the fertilizer master batch in one of spraying, dropping or dipping, and heating at constant temperature after mixing to completely evaporate the solvent to form the fertilizer master batch coated with the degradable slow-release layer;
(3) mixing the microbial agent, the biological enzyme and the strain protective agent to form a coating agent;
(4) and (3) performing oil spraying and powder spraying coating on the fertilizer master batches coated with the degradable slow release layer and prepared in the step (2) by using the coating agent prepared in the step (3) in a coating cylinder to obtain the high tower compound fertilizer containing microorganisms.
The grain size of the fertilizer master batch in the step (1) is 3.5 mm.
Comparative example 3:
comparative example 3 compared to example 3, comparative example 3 did not add cyclodextrin and chitosan oligosaccharide as a degradable sustained-release layer, and the rest was identical to example 3.
Example 4:
the high tower compound fertilizer containing the microorganisms comprises fertilizer master batches, a degradable slow release layer and a microorganism coating layer, wherein the mass part ratio of the fertilizer master batches to the degradable slow release layer is 95:0.8: 1.6; the fertilizer master batch comprises inorganic fertilizer and organic matter in a mass part ratio of 98: 1.2; the microbial coating layer comprises a microbial agent, a biological enzyme and a strain protective agent in parts by mass, wherein the mass parts of the microbial agent, the biological enzyme and the strain protective agent are 1:1.5: 2.6.
The organic matter is fulvic acid.
The inorganic fertilizer comprises 35 parts of urea, 5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 33 parts of monoammonium phosphate and 29 parts of potassium sulfate.
The degradable slow release layer comprises 10 parts of cyclodextrin.
The bacillus subtilis, the bacillus megaterium, the bacillus licheniformis, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the bacillus mucilaginosus, the saccharomycetes and the actinomycetes are counted according to the mass part ratio, wherein the mass part ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the bacillus megaterium to the bacillus licheniformis to the bacillus amyloliquefaciens to the bacillus mucilaginosus to the actinomycetes.
The biological enzyme comprises 16 parts of protease, 12 parts of amylase, 15 parts of pectinase, 16 parts of chito-oligosaccharidase, 11 parts of glucanase and 8 parts of cellulase.
The strain protective agent comprises 10 parts of attapulgite and 6 parts of diatomite.
The water content of the organic matter is 1.2%.
The preparation method of the high tower compound fertilizer containing the microorganisms comprises the following steps of
(1) Mixing the inorganic fertilizer and the organic matter for high tower spraying granulation to obtain fertilizer master batches, screening in a granulation tower, and naturally cooling;
(2) heating to dissolve the cyclodextrin, mixing the dissolved solution with the fertilizer master batch in one of spraying, dropping or dipping, and heating at constant temperature after mixing to completely evaporate the solvent to form the fertilizer master batch coated with the degradable slow-release layer;
(3) mixing the microbial agent, the biological enzyme and the strain protective agent to form a coating agent;
(4) and (3) performing oil spraying and powder spraying coating on the fertilizer master batches coated with the degradable slow release layer and prepared in the step (2) by using the coating agent prepared in the step (3) in a coating cylinder to obtain the high tower compound fertilizer containing microorganisms.
The grain size of the fertilizer master batch in the step (1) is 2.8 mm.
Comparative example 4:
comparative example 4 compared to example 4, comparative example 4 did not add cyclodextrin as a degradable sustained release layer, and the rest was identical to example 4.
The high tower compound fertilizer containing microorganisms prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 4 are tested according to relevant detection standards of biological organic matter NY884-2012 and composite microbial fertilizer NY/T798-2015. The effective viable count should be determined to meet the specification of 5.3.2 in NY/T798-2015.
The effective viable count determination process comprises the following steps: adding 10g of high tower compound fertilizer sample containing microorganisms into 100ml of sterile water with glass beads, standing for 20min, and fully oscillating for 30min at 200r/min on a rotary shaking table to obtain mother liquor; 5.0ml of the mother liquor was taken with a 5ml pipette and added to 45ml of sterile water, and then the ratio 1:10 serial dilutions gave 1: 10. 1: 102. 1: 103. 1: 104. 1: 105 diluting liquid; 0.1ml of the diluted solution was applied to the surface of agar in a solid medium, and cultured at 25 ℃ for 48 hours, and the number of viable cells was confirmed by staining, and the results are shown in Table 1. Three sets of sample data were collected for the microbial compound fertilizers prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 4.
Table 1
As can be seen from the data in table 1, the number of active bacteria in each example is much greater than that of the corresponding comparative example. In addition, the number distribution of the effective viable bacteria of each embodiment is basically uniform, and the phenomenon of local aggregation can not occur.
In conclusion, the cyclodextrin is used as the degradable slow release layer of the fertilizer, so that the contact between inorganic elements and microorganisms can be effectively prevented, the survival rate of the microbial inoculum is effectively improved, meanwhile, the fertility of the inner-layer fertilizer master batch can be gradually released by utilizing the decomposition effect of the microorganisms on the cyclodextrin, and the problems that the survival rate of the microbial inoculum is low and the slow release effect is difficult to be considered in the existing microbial compound fertilizer are solved.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The high tower compound fertilizer containing the microorganisms is characterized by comprising fertilizer master batches, a degradable slow release layer and a microorganism coating layer in sequence from inside to outside, wherein the fertilizer master batches comprise the degradable slow release layer, and the microorganism coating layer is 65-96:0.5-2: 0.5-2; the fertilizer master batch comprises, by mass, 97-99 parts of inorganic fertilizer and 0.5-3 parts of organic matter; the microbial coating layer comprises a microbial agent, a biological enzyme and a strain protective agent in parts by mass of 1:1-2:2-4, and the degradable slow-release layer comprises cyclodextrin.
2. The high tower compound fertilizer containing microorganisms as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic matter comprises one or both of fulvic acid and amino acid.
3. The high tower compound fertilizer containing microorganisms as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inorganic fertilizer comprises three or more of urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, water-soluble potassium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate, water-soluble potassium nitrate, water-soluble monopotassium phosphate and potassium sulfate.
4. The high tower compound fertilizer containing microorganisms as claimed in claim 1, wherein the components of the degradable slow release layer comprise cyclodextrin and chitosan oligosaccharide.
5. The high tower compound fertilizer containing microorganisms of claim 1, wherein the microbial agent comprises one or more of bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus mucilaginosus, saccharomycetes and actinomycetes.
6. The high-tower compound fertilizer containing microorganisms as claimed in claim 5, wherein the ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the bacillus megaterium to the bacillus licheniformis to the bacillus amyloliquefaciens to the bacillus mucilaginosus to the saccharomycete to the actinomycete is 1.5:1:1:1: 0.2-0.5: 0.2-0.5.
7. The high tower compound fertilizer containing microorganisms of claim 1, wherein the biological enzyme comprises one or more of protease, amylase, pectinase, chito-oligosaccharidase, glucanase and cellulase.
8. The high tower compound fertilizer containing microorganisms as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the water content of the organic matter is 1.5% or less.
9. A process for the production of a high tower compound fertilizer containing microorganisms according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the process comprises the steps of
(1) Mixing the inorganic fertilizer and the organic matter for high tower spraying granulation to obtain fertilizer master batches, screening in a granulation tower, and naturally cooling;
(2) heating to dissolve the cyclodextrin and the chitosan oligosaccharide, mixing the dissolved solution with the fertilizer master batch in one of spraying, dropping or dipping, and heating at constant temperature after mixing to completely evaporate the solvent to form the fertilizer master batch coated with the degradable slow-release layer;
(3) mixing the microbial agent, the biological enzyme and the strain protective agent to form a coating agent;
(4) and (3) performing oil spraying and powder spraying coating on the fertilizer master batches coated with the degradable slow release layer and prepared in the step (2) by using the coating agent prepared in the step (3) in a coating cylinder to obtain the high tower compound fertilizer containing microorganisms.
10. The method for preparing a high tower compound fertilizer containing microorganisms according to claim 9, wherein the grain size of the fertilizer master batch in the step (1) is in the range of 2.5mm to 3.5 mm.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115259949A (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2022-11-01 | 四川飘绿植物保护有限公司 | Water-soluble fertilizer compressed into block and preparation process thereof |
| CN115417711A (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-12-02 | 龙蟒大地农业有限公司 | Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer with slow-release mineral element-coated active microorganisms and preparation method thereof |
| CN117142894A (en) * | 2023-08-24 | 2023-12-01 | 四川眉山凯尔化工有限公司 | Insecticidal and bacteriostatic biological fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115417711A (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-12-02 | 龙蟒大地农业有限公司 | Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer with slow-release mineral element-coated active microorganisms and preparation method thereof |
| CN115417711B (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2024-01-26 | 龙蟒大地农业有限公司 | Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer with slow-release mineral elements wrapping active microorganisms and preparation method thereof |
| CN115259949A (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2022-11-01 | 四川飘绿植物保护有限公司 | Water-soluble fertilizer compressed into block and preparation process thereof |
| CN117142894A (en) * | 2023-08-24 | 2023-12-01 | 四川眉山凯尔化工有限公司 | Insecticidal and bacteriostatic biological fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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