CN113940163A - Sand-clay mixing method suitable for plant growth in strip mine refuse dump - Google Patents
Sand-clay mixing method suitable for plant growth in strip mine refuse dump Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological management, and particularly relates to a sandy soil-clay mixing method suitable for plant growth in a strip mine refuse dump. In the method provided by the invention, the growth index which has obvious correlation with the root system soil enzyme is obtained as the optimal growth index by measuring the correlation coefficient between the growth index of the plant and the root system soil enzyme, and the corresponding mixing proportion under the optimal growth condition is screened out from the growth conditions of the growth index under the sand-clay mixing proportions with different volume ratios, so that the sand-clay mixing proportion suitable for the growth of the plant in the open pit dump in the arid or semi-arid desert area can be determined. The blending method provided by the invention can be used for guiding the strip mine dump to carry out scientific dumping according to the blending ratio, can reduce the economic investment of coal mine reclamation, can improve the land utilization efficiency of coal mine reclamation, and has good practical value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological management, in particular to a sandy soil-clay mixing method suitable for plant growth in a strip mine dump in arid or semi-arid desert regions.
Background
A large-area open coal mine waste dump is formed in coal mining, the waste dump is large in size, the original landform is changed, nutrient deficiency and poor soil structure are caused, and a sand covering area is formed. In order to relieve the harm brought by open pit coal mining, improve the ecological environment of a mining area and improve the soil body property of a dump of an open pit coal mine, the land reclamation and ecological reconstruction work of the mining area is gradually valued and developed, and the soil reconstruction is the core of the land reclamation. The reclamation of the land in the waste dump comprises the processes of landform remodeling, soil reconstruction, vegetation reconstruction and the like. The key problem of land reclamation is the reconstruction of the soil matrix, and only the granular structure, water and fertilizer holding capacity and the like of the soil are correspondingly repaired, the vegetation can grow, and the ecological environment can be repaired.
In order to obtain better cultivated land soil, the optimal mixing proportion is determined by combining the soil type according to the special environment of the existing area, and a better physical structure of the soil is formed, so that the soil discharging process in the production process is guided, and preparation is made for reducing the cost of improving the soil in the later period.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a sandy soil-clay mixing method suitable for plant growth of an open pit dump in a arid or semi-arid desert area, and aims to form a better physical soil structure by providing an optimal sandy soil-clay mixing proportion so as to solve the problem of poor soil structure of the existing open pit dump in the arid or semi-arid desert area.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a sandy soil-clay mixing method suitable for plant growth in a strip mine dump in arid or semi-arid desert regions, comprising the steps of:
providing sandy soil and clay, and mixing the sandy soil and the clay according to different volume ratios to obtain a plurality of groups of mixed soil;
planting any one of plants within 390 kilometers of strip mines in arid or semi-arid desert areas in the groups of mixed soil respectively;
when the plant germinates and emerges for half a month, acquiring index parameters of respective growth indexes of the plant in the groups of mixed soil and respective root system soil enzyme activities;
acquiring a correlation coefficient between the index parameter and the activity of the root system soil enzyme, taking the index parameter of which the correlation coefficient with the activity of the root system soil enzyme is more than or equal to a coefficient threshold value as a correlation index parameter, and taking a growth index corresponding to the correlation index parameter as a dominant growth index;
and taking the index parameters of the dominant growth indexes in the mixed soils as index parameters to be screened, selecting the optimal index parameter of each dominant growth index from the index parameters to be screened, wherein the mixed soil with the maximum number corresponding to the optimal index parameters is the optimal mixed soil, and the volume ratio of the sand to the clay in the optimal mixed soil is the sand-clay mixing proportion suitable for the growth of plants in the open pit dump in the arid or semi-arid desert region.
In some embodiments, in the step of mixing the sand and the clay respectively according to different volume ratios to obtain a plurality of groups of compound soils, the volume ratio ranges from (1:2) to (2: 1).
In some embodiments, the coefficient threshold is 0.9.
In some embodiments, the growth indicator is selected from at least one of plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight of aerial parts, root length, fresh weight of root system of the plant.
In some embodiments, the root soil enzyme is selected from at least one of soil urease, catalase, and polyphenol oxidase.
As a further embodiment, the soil urease activity determination method is sodium phenolate colorimetry.
As a further embodiment, the method for determining the activity of catalase is potassium permanganate titration.
As a further embodiment, the method for measuring the activity of polyphenol oxidase is catechol colorimetry.
In some embodiments, the plant is selected from any one of poplar, salix matsudana, pinus tabulaeformis, pinus sylvestris, salix psammophila, artemisia desertorum, caragana microphylla, fescue, alfalfa, sauerkraut, rhinoceros, soybean, mung bean, buckwheat, broom corn, sorghum, and potato.
In one embodiment, when the plant is alfalfa, the optimal compound soil has a volume ratio of the sand soil to the clay of 2: 1.
In some preferred embodiments, the sandy soil is sandy soil within 3 meters of the surface of the strip mine of the arid or semiarid desert region.
In some embodiments, the clay is a pit clay 35-60 meters below a sand bed of a strip mine in the arid or semi-arid desert region.
Soil enzymes are biocatalysts produced by soil microorganisms, and over 60 enzymes were detected in soil as early as the 80 s of the last century. With the improvement of related theoretical systems and the establishment of detection technologies, the activity of soil enzymes becomes an important index for judging the fertility and physicochemical properties of soil. Researches show that the activity of soil enzymes has a very obvious relationship with soil fertility and soil organic matters, the soil enzymes are important indexes for evaluating the soil fertility, and the soil urease activity has a significant correlation with organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and the like. The soil catalase can eliminate and prevent hydrogen peroxide from accumulating to damage plants, and the activity of the enzyme can characterize the intensity of humus in soil and the conversion rate of organic matters.
The inventor finds that the root soil enzyme is sensitive to the change of plant rhizosphere microorganisms, and the community change of the plant rhizosphere microorganisms is closely related to the growth of plants. Because of the specificity and high efficiency of the enzyme, and the specific space-time effect of the plant rhizosphere, the activity of the soil enzyme of the root system has the potential to be used as the index for evaluating the growth of different types of soil plants. Meanwhile, as an evaluation index, the root soil enzyme has the advantages of being more objective and reliable compared with other evaluation indexes, the growth condition of the plant can be objectively reflected, and the problem that the other evaluation indexes fluctuate in the evaluation result caused by detection at different growth stages of the plant is solved.
Therefore, the invention obtains the growth index with obvious correlation with the root system soil enzyme as the optimal growth index by measuring the correlation coefficient between the growth index of the plant and the root system soil enzyme, and then screens out the corresponding mixing proportion under the optimal growth condition from the growth conditions of the growth index under the sand-clay mixing proportions with different volume ratios, thereby determining the sand-clay mixing proportion suitable for the plant growth of the open pit dump in the arid or semi-arid desert area. According to the mixing method provided by the invention, the experiment can be firstly carried out in a laboratory pot culture or a mining district, so as to avoid the influence of various unforeseen factors existing outdoors on the result, and then the obtained sand-clay mixing ratio result is used for guiding the strip mine dump to carry out scientific dumping according to the mixing ratio, so that the economic investment of coal mine reclamation can be reduced, the land utilization efficiency of coal mine reclamation can be improved, and the mixing method has good practical value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a statistical plot of the respective activities of soil urease in 3 groups of mixed soils in accordance with the examples of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a statistical chart of the activity of soil catalase in 3 groups of compound soils in the examples of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a statistical chart of the activity of polyphenol oxidase in groups 3 of mixed soils in the examples of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the number of plant leaves and three root system soil enzymes in 3 sets of compound soils over time in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, wherein ● represents soil urease activity, a-tangle-solidup represents soil catalase activity, a-tangle represents polyphenol oxidase activity, and the error line represents the standard deviation at a level of 0.05;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the variation of plant height and three root system soil enzymes with time in 3 sets of soil mixtures in accordance with the present invention, wherein ● represents soil urease activity, a-solidup represents soil catalase activity, a-t represents polyphenol oxidase activity, and error lines represent standard deviations at a level of 0.05;
fig. 6 shows a growth indicator and root system soil enzyme combination with a correlation coefficient of 0.9 or more obtained by statistics in the embodiment of the present invention (this figure shows 9 sets of correlation coefficients, which are the first set, the second set, and up to the ninth set from top to bottom and from left to right), wherein the correlation coefficients of the second set, the sixth set, and the eighth set corresponding to asterisks are the highest, and the correlation coefficients of the other sets are, from low to high: a first group, a seventh group, a fourth group, and a third group.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the invention provides a sandy soil-clay mixing method suitable for plant growth in a strip mine dump in a arid or semi-arid desert area, which comprises the following steps:
s1, providing sandy soil and clay, and mixing the sandy soil and the clay according to different volume ratios to obtain a plurality of groups of mixed soil;
s2, planting any one of the plants within 390 kilometers of the strip mine in the arid or semiarid desert area in a plurality of groups of mixed soil respectively;
s3, when the plant germinates and emerges for half a month, acquiring the index parameters of the respective growth indexes of the plant in a plurality of groups of mixed soil and the respective activity of the root system soil enzymes;
s4, obtaining a correlation coefficient between the index parameter and the activity of the root system soil enzyme, taking the index parameter of which the correlation coefficient with the activity of the root system soil enzyme is more than or equal to a coefficient threshold value as a correlation index parameter, and taking a growth index corresponding to the correlation index parameter as a dominant growth index;
s5, taking the index parameters of the dominant growth indexes in a plurality of groups of mixed soil as index parameters to be screened, selecting the optimal index parameters of each dominant growth index from the index parameters to be screened, taking the mixed soil with the maximum number corresponding to the optimal index parameters as the optimal mixed soil, wherein the volume ratio of sand to clay in the optimal mixed soil is the sand-clay mixing proportion suitable for the growth of plants in the open pit dump in the arid or semi-arid desert area.
Specifically, the open-pit soil in arid or semi-arid desert areas is mainly sandy soil and loamy soil, mainly light soil, the thickness of a plough layer of the soil is 10-15 cm, the content of organic matters is low, and the curing is poor; the thickness of the plough bottom layer is about 10cm, the structure is compact, and the plough bottom layer is a poor layer; the thickness of the core soil layer is less than 20cm, and the soil structure is slightly influenced by artificial cultivation. The volume weight of the soil is generally 1.1-1.3 g/cm3The porosity is more than 20%. The soil is poor in organic matters, extremely deficient in nitrogen and phosphorus and redundant in potassium. The general levels of various nutrients in the cultivated soil are respectively as follows: the organic matter is generally 0.8-1.0%, the total nitrogen is generally 0.05-0.075%, the quick-acting phosphorus is 5-7 ppm, the quick-acting potassium is above 100-150 ppm, and the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is generally 30-40 ppm. The pH value of the soil is 8.5-9.3, and the cation replacement amount of the soil is generally below 10.
In S1, the sand and clay are the most highly occupied soil in the open-pit mine area. In some embodiments, the sandy soil is soil within 3 meters from the surface of the strip mine in the arid or semiarid desert region, and belongs to surface soil of the strip mine. This portion of the soil is the soil that is first dug out during mining of the strip mine and needs to be discharged to the dump.
In some embodiments, the clay is a pit clay 35-60 meters below the sand bed of a strip mine in arid or semi-arid desert regions. Pit clay is located above the coal seam and also needs to be discharged to a dump. However, the plants cannot grow due to random discharge, the reclamation of the refuse dump is not facilitated, the scientific discharge of sandy soil and clay on the refuse dump can be realized through the mixing method provided by the embodiment of the invention, and the growth of the plants is more facilitated.
In the step of mixing the sandy soil and the clay according to different volume ratios to obtain a plurality of groups of mixed soil, the specific group number of the plurality of groups of mixed soil changes along with the difference of the number of the different volume ratios. For example, when sand and clay are mixed separately in two volume ratios (e.g., 1:1 and 1:2), two sets of mixed soils are obtained; when sand and clay are respectively mixed according to three volume ratios (such as 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3), three groups of mixed soil are obtained; and so on. In some embodiments, the volume ratio of sand to clay ranges from (1:2) to (2: 1).
In S2, plants within 390 kilometers of the open pit mine in the arid or semi-arid desert area are selected for planting, because the plants within the range are common natural growing plants of the open pit mine in the arid or semi-arid desert area, the plants are more suitable for the landform environment of the area, and the plants are planted in the mixed soil, so that the plants are easier to grow, and the plants are easier to realize good growth on a waste dump in the future. In the embodiment of the present invention, the phrase "within 390 km from the open pit mine in the arid or semi-arid desert area" means a range formed by radiating a straight line with a distance of 390 km from the edge of the open pit mine in the arid or semi-arid desert area toward a direction away from the open pit mine.
In some embodiments, the plant is selected from any one of poplar, salix matsudana, pinus tabulaeformis, pinus sylvestris, salix psammophila, caragana microphylla, fescue, lemongrass, alfalfa, sauerkraut, reseda lutea, soybean, mung bean, buckwheat, broom corn, maize, sorghum, potato.
In some embodiments, plants are planted in compound soil, in particular in pots filled with compound soil and of the same size, the compound soil in each pot being of uniform weight.
In S3, when the plant sprouts and emerges for half a month, the index parameters of the plant growth index and the root system soil enzyme activity in the mixed soil are obtained. In some embodiments, the growth indicator is selected from at least one of plant height, leaf number, fresh weight of aerial parts, root length, fresh weight of root system of the plant. The five growth indexes are obtained by screening multiple growth indexes under multiple different plants, multiple mixed soils, multiple growth conditions and growth stages in the earlier stage of the inventor, and the five growth indexes which have the strongest positive correlation with the activity of the soil enzyme of the root system are selected.
In the step of obtaining the index parameters of the growth indexes of the plants in the mixed soil of the groups, when the growth indexes are multiple, correspondingly, the index parameters of the obtained growth indexes are also multiple under the condition of each group of mixed soil. For example, when the volume ratio of sand to clay in the mixed soil is 1:1 and 1:2, and the growth indexes are plant height, leaf number and fresh weight of the overground part, the obtained index parameters are as follows: plant height parameter (1:1), leaf number parameter (1:1) and fresh weight of overground part parameter (1:1), and plant height parameter (1:2), leaf number parameter (1:2) and fresh weight of overground part parameter (1: 2). The obtained root soil enzyme activity of the plants in a plurality of groups of mixed soil is similar to the index parameters of the respective growth indexes, and the detailed description is omitted.
The determination method of the index parameter of each growth index in the embodiment of the invention adopts the method known and accepted in the field, the determination of each index must not be less than 10 biological repetitions, and the average value is taken. For example, the plant height parameter (1:1) is a value obtained by measuring the plant height of a plant which grows in mixed soil with the volume ratio of sand to clay being 1:1 until the plant sprouts and emerges for half a month, and then averaging the measured values.
In some embodiments, the root soil enzyme is selected from at least one of soil urease, catalase, and polyphenol oxidase. The three enzymes are screened from various root system soil enzymes in the earlier stage by the inventor, and the three enzymes with the strongest positive correlation with soil microorganisms, soil physicochemical properties and soil nutrient conditions are selected for the invention. The soil urease activity and the microbial quantity, organic matter content, total nitrogen and quick-acting phosphorus of the soil are positively correlated. Soil urease activity is generally used to characterize the nitrogen status of soil. The main function of soil urease is to specifically hydrolyze urea in soil into ammonia and carbonic acid. The main function of soil catalase is to remove harmful hydrogen peroxide from soil to reduce the harm to plants. In the case of poor soil nutrients, the production of hydrogen peroxide is increased and the activity of catalase is correspondingly increased. Catalase hydrolyzes hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. Polyphenol oxidase is a metalloprotease which is widely distributed in nature, is commonly present in plant, fungus and insect plastids, and can detect the activity of the polyphenol oxidase even on rotten plant residues in soil.
In a preferred embodiment, the activity of the root soil enzyme is obtained by first extracting the root soil enzyme. The extraction method of the root system soil enzyme preferably extracts three enzymes with the diameter of 20cm and the depth of 30cm from the ground surface of the plant rhizosphere, wherein the extraction is carried out once every 5cm in the transverse direction or the longitudinal direction, and each enzyme has at least 6 biological repetitions.
In a preferred embodiment, the soil urease activity is determined by a method which does not employ the usual determination of ammonia content, but rather a modified sodium phenolate colorimetric method. The improvement point is different from the conventional sodium phenate-sodium hypochlorite colorimetric method in that the soil sample is 2-5 g in the conventional sodium phenate-sodium hypochlorite colorimetric method, the constant-temperature culture time is 24 hours, while the soil sample is 4.5g in the embodiment of the invention, the constant-temperature culture time is 20 hours, and each sample is at least 3 biological replicates.
In a preferred embodiment, the soil catalase assay is a modified potassium permanganate titration method. In the conventional potassium permanganate titration method, the concentration of a potassium permanganate solution is 0.02mol/L, the concentration of an oxalic acid solution is 0.1mol/L, while in the embodiment of the invention, the concentration of the potassium permanganate solution is 0.18mol/L, the concentration of the oxalic acid solution is 0.08mol/L, and each sample has at least 3 biological replicates.
In a preferred embodiment, the polyphenol oxidase is assayed by a modified catechol colorimetry. The soil samples in the examples of the present invention were 0.09g, the extraction time increased to 35min, and at least 3 biological replicates per sample, compared to the conventional catechol colorimetry.
In some embodiments, the time points for obtaining the index parameters of the respective growth indicators and the respective root soil enzyme activities of the plants in the sets of compound soils may be at half a month of emergence of the plants from germination, or after half a month of emergence of the plants from germination (e.g., one month later, flowering period, fruiting period, etc.), but the time points for obtaining should be uniform for the different sets. In the experiment process of the method in a laboratory or a mine district, only one plant growth time point can be taken in each experiment, for example, the index parameters of the growth index are obtained at the half month of germination and unearthing, and the index parameters of the growth index of other growth time points of the plant are likely to be obviously changed, so that the reliability of the detection result of one plant growth time point is lowered. In order to solve the problem, the embodiment of the invention introduces a more objective evaluation index of the activity of the root soil enzyme, so that the obtained result is more objective.
In S4, whether different growth indexes are obviously related to the root system soil enzymes or not is judged by obtaining the correlation coefficient between the index parameters and the activity of the root system soil enzymes. And taking an index parameter of which the correlation coefficient with the activity of the root soil enzyme is greater than or equal to a preset coefficient threshold value as a related index parameter, wherein a growth index corresponding to the related index parameter is a dominant growth index. Specifically, according to the index parameters of the respective growth indexes of the plants obtained in S3 in the multiple groups of mixed soil and the data of the respective activity of the root system soil enzymes, the correlation coefficient between the index parameter of the growth index and the activity of the root system soil enzymes can be calculated, where the correlation coefficient is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, and when the correlation coefficient is 0, it indicates that the growth index corresponding to the index parameter is completely unrelated to the activity of the root system soil enzymes, and the closer the correlation coefficient is to 1, the greater the degree (positive correlation) of the correlation between the growth index corresponding to the index parameter and the activity of the root system soil enzymes is. Therefore, by presetting a coefficient threshold, when the correlation coefficient is greater than or equal to the coefficient threshold, the growth index corresponding to the correlation coefficient is obviously correlated with the activity of the soil enzyme of the root system, and the corresponding growth index is the dominant growth index and can be used for the subsequent steps; and when the correlation coefficient is smaller than the coefficient threshold value, the growth index corresponding to the correlation coefficient is not significantly correlated with the activity of the root soil enzyme and is not considered.
In some embodiments, the coefficient threshold is set to 0.9, i.e., the correlation coefficient is greater than or equal to 0.9, and the growth indicator corresponding to the correlation coefficient is significantly correlated with the activity of the root system soil enzyme.
In S5, after determining the dominant growth indicator, the respective indicator parameters of the dominant growth indicator in the sets of soil mixture are used as the indicator parameters to be screened (these parameters are already obtained in S3, and here, the parameters corresponding to the dominant growth indicator are selected from the parameters obtained in S3). And selecting the optimal index parameter of each dominant growth index from the index parameters to be screened, wherein the mixed soil with the maximum number corresponding to the optimal index parameters is the optimal mixed soil, and the volume ratio of sand to clay in the optimal mixed soil is the sand-clay mixing ratio suitable for plant growth in the strip mine dump in the arid or semi-arid desert region.
The following is further illustrated by way of example:
example one:
in S3, when the volume ratio of sand to clay in the mixed soil is 1:1 and 1:2, and the growth indexes are plant height, leaf number and fresh weight of overground part, the obtained index parameters are as follows: plant height parameter (1:1), leaf number parameter (1:1) and fresh weight of overground part parameter (1:1), and plant height parameter (1:2), leaf number parameter (1:2) and fresh weight of overground part parameter (1: 2).
In S4, a correlation coefficient between the index parameter and the activity of the root soil enzyme is obtained, the index parameter having a correlation coefficient with the activity of the root soil enzyme of not less than a coefficient threshold value (for example, 0.9) is used as the correlation index parameter, and if the correlation index parameter meeting the conditions in this case is a plant height parameter (1:1), the dominant growth index is the plant height.
In S5, index parameters (namely a plant height parameter (1:1) and a plant height parameter (1:2)) of the plant height in S3 are used as index parameters to be screened, an optimal index parameter of each dominant growth index is selected from the index parameters to be screened, and since the plant height is taken as the dominant growth index for example, the optimal index parameter only has the plant height parameter, namely the higher value of the plant height parameter (1:1) and the plant height parameter (1:2), and if the value of the plant height parameter (1:1) is higher, the plant height parameter (1:1) is the sandy soil-clay mixing proportion suitable for the growth of the open-air dump plant in the arid or semi-arid desert area.
Example two:
s3 is the same as S3 of example one.
In S4, a correlation coefficient between the index parameter and the activity of the root soil enzyme is obtained, the index parameter having a correlation coefficient with the activity of the root soil enzyme of not less than a coefficient threshold value (for example, 0.9) is used as the correlation index parameter, and if the correlation index parameter satisfying the conditions in this case is the plant height parameter (1:1) and the leaf number parameter (1:2), the dominant growth index is the plant height and the leaf number.
In S5, index parameters (namely, a plant height parameter (1:1), a plant height parameter (1:2), a leaf number parameter (1:1) and a leaf number parameter (1:2)) of the plant height in S3 are used as index parameters to be screened, an optimal index parameter of each dominant growth index is selected from the index parameters to be screened, and the two growth indexes of the plant height and the leaf number are used as the dominant growth indexes for illustration at this time, so that the parameter of the plant height in the optimal index parameters, namely, the one with a relatively higher value in the plant height parameter (1:1) and the plant height parameter (1:2), the parameter of the leaf number, namely, the one with a relatively higher value in the leaf number parameter (1:1) and the leaf number parameter (1:2), is assumed that the value of the plant height parameter (1:1) is higher, and the value of the leaf number parameter (1:1) is higher, 1:1 is the sandy soil-clay mixing proportion suitable for plant growth in the strip mine dump in the arid or semiarid desert region; assuming that the plant height parameter (1:1) is higher and the leaf number parameter (1:2) is higher, both 1:1 and 1:2 are the sandy soil-clay mixing proportion suitable for the growth of the plants in the strip mine dump in the arid or semiarid desert regions.
In a preferred embodiment, the plant is selected from alfalfa, and through the above experimental steps, the sand-clay volume ratio of 2:1 suitable for the plant growth of the strip mine dump in arid or semi-arid desert regions is finally obtained.
In order that the above-described implementation details and operation of the present invention will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art and that the embodiments of the present invention will be embodied in a manner that will significantly improve the performance of the sand-clay mixing method suitable for plant growth in strip mine dumps in arid or semi-arid desert regions, the above-described technical solutions are illustrated below by way of examples.
The experimental procedures used in the following examples are all conventional procedures unless otherwise specified.
Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Examples
(1) Providing sandy soil and clay, and mixing the sandy soil and the clay according to the volume ratio of 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1 respectively to obtain three groups of mixed soil. Three groups of mixed soil were placed in flowerpots of the same specification (20 pots in each group).
(2) The alfalfa was planted in all flowerpots separately, 25 alfalfa seeds were sown in each pot, and watering was timed. Respectively recording the plant height, the leaf number and the fresh weight of the overground part of each pot on the 10 th, 15 th, 20 th and 25 th days of the growth of the alfalfa, and respectively taking the average values to obtain respective index parameters of the plant height, the leaf number and the fresh weight of the overground part of each pot; and on the 25 th day of the growth of the alfalfa, randomly taking 5 alfalfa roots per pot, measuring the root length and the fresh weight of the underground part, and respectively taking the average values to obtain respective index parameters of the root length and the fresh weight of the underground part in each pot. In each pot, extracting soil urease, soil catalase and polyphenol oxidase which are 30cm deep from the mixed soil surface in the flowerpot within the range of 20cm of the diameter of the alfalfa root, repeating 6 times for each sample according to sampling once every 5cm in the transverse direction or the longitudinal direction, and respectively mixing the collected soil urease, soil catalase and polyphenol oxidase to obtain 60 soil urease samples, 60 soil catalase samples and 60 polyphenol oxidase samples. The enzyme activity in each sample was measured.
(3) And (3) acquiring correlation coefficients between all the index parameters obtained in the step (2) and all the activity of the root soil enzymes, taking index parameters of which the correlation coefficients with the activity of the root soil enzymes are more than or equal to 0.9 as the correlation index parameters, taking growth indexes corresponding to the correlation index parameters as dominant growth indexes, and obtaining the dominant growth indexes, namely the fresh weight of the overground part, the length of the root system and the fresh weight of the underground part (namely the fresh weight of the root system).
(4) And (3) taking the index parameters of the three dominant growth indexes obtained in the step (3) in the three groups of mixed soil as index parameters to be screened, selecting the optimal index parameter of each dominant growth index from the index parameters to be screened, and taking the mixed soil with the largest number of corresponding optimal index parameters as the optimal mixed soil, wherein the volume ratio of sand to clay in the optimal mixed soil is 2: 1.
The results of the experiment are shown in FIGS. 1 to 6. Through measurement, calculation and statistics, the leaf number, plant height, fresh weight of overground part, root length and fresh weight of root system of the alfalfa under different sand-clay mixing ratios are obviously different. In comparison, the index parameters of the five growth indexes are generally better than 1:1 or 1:2 when the volume ratio of the sandy soil to the clay is 2: 1. Meanwhile, as can be seen from fig. 1-3, the activity difference of soil urease, catalase and polyphenol oxidase is obvious in the three groups of mixed soil, and the activity of the three enzymes is relatively higher when the volume ratio of the sandy soil to the clay is 2: 1. In addition, as can be seen from fig. 4-6, the five growth indexes of the overground part of the alfalfa in the three mixed soils are positively correlated with the three enzymes, and have relatively maximum positive correlation when the volume ratio of the sandy soil to the clay is 2: 1; no matter which soil mixture is used, the correlation between the urease activity and the five growth indexes is the largest, and the correlation between the growth indexes of the underground part and the three enzyme activities is more obvious than that of the overground part.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A sandy soil-clay mixing method suitable for plant growth in a strip mine dump in arid or semi-arid desert areas is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
providing sandy soil and clay, and mixing the sandy soil and the clay according to different volume ratios to obtain a plurality of groups of mixed soil;
planting any one of plants within 390 kilometers of strip mines in arid or semi-arid desert areas in the groups of mixed soil respectively;
when the plant germinates and emerges for half a month, acquiring index parameters of respective growth indexes of the plant in the groups of mixed soil and respective root system soil enzyme activities;
acquiring a correlation coefficient between the index parameter and the activity of the root system soil enzyme, taking the index parameter of which the correlation coefficient with the activity of the root system soil enzyme is more than or equal to a coefficient threshold value as a correlation index parameter, and taking a growth index corresponding to the correlation index parameter as a dominant growth index;
and taking the index parameters of the dominant growth indexes in the mixed soils as index parameters to be screened, selecting the optimal index parameter of each dominant growth index from the index parameters to be screened, wherein the mixed soil with the maximum number corresponding to the optimal index parameters is the optimal mixed soil, and the volume ratio of the sand to the clay in the optimal mixed soil is the sand-clay mixing proportion suitable for the growth of plants in the open pit dump in the arid or semi-arid desert region.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step of mixing the sandy soil and the clay respectively according to different volume ratios to obtain a plurality of groups of mixed soils, the volume ratio ranges from (1:2) to (2: 1).
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the coefficient threshold is 0.9.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the growth index is at least one selected from the group consisting of plant height, leaf number, fresh weight of overground part, root length, and fresh weight of root system of the plant.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the root soil enzyme is selected from at least one of soil urease, catalase, and polyphenol oxidase.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the soil urease activity is determined by sodium phenolate colorimetry; and/or
The activity determination method of the catalase is a potassium permanganate titration method; and/or
The method for measuring the activity of the polyphenol oxidase is a catechol colorimetric method.
7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the plant is selected from any one of poplar, salix matsudana, Chinese pine, pinus sylvestris, salix psammophila, caragana microphylla, fescue, esparto grass, alfalfa, sauerkraut, reseda luteo, soybean, mung bean, buckwheat, broom corn millet, corn, sorghum, and potato.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the optimal compound soil has a 2:1 ratio of the sand to the clay by volume when the plant is alfalfa.
9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the sandy soil is sandy soil within 3 meters from the surface of the open pit of the arid or semi-arid desert region.
10. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the clay is a pit clay 35 to 60 metres below the sand bed of the open pit of the arid or semi-arid desert region.
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