CN113939978A - 具有改善的气体间隙通量对齐的电动机发电机 - Google Patents

具有改善的气体间隙通量对齐的电动机发电机 Download PDF

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CN113939978A
CN113939978A CN202080040425.9A CN202080040425A CN113939978A CN 113939978 A CN113939978 A CN 113939978A CN 202080040425 A CN202080040425 A CN 202080040425A CN 113939978 A CN113939978 A CN 113939978A
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rotor
electric machine
rotary electric
coil
stator
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亨利·K·欧伯梅尔
覃纳·格里德
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Boha Turbomachinery Co.,Ltd.
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Heng LiKOubomeier
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/16—Stator cores with slots for windings
    • H02K1/165—Shape, form or location of the slots
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/278—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/278—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
    • H02K1/2781—Magnets shaped to vary the mechanical air gap between the magnets and the stator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/28—Means for mounting or fastening rotating magnetic parts on to, or to, the rotor structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/04—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for rectification
    • H02K11/042—Rectifiers associated with rotating parts, e.g. rotor cores or rotary shafts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/06—Embedding prefabricated windings in machines
    • H02K15/062—Windings in slots; salient pole windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/06—Embedding prefabricated windings in machines
    • H02K15/062—Windings in slots; salient pole windings
    • H02K15/064—Windings consisting of separate segments, e.g. hairpin windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/10—Applying solid insulation to windings, stators or rotors
    • H02K15/105—Applying solid insulation to windings, stators or rotors to the windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K19/00—Synchronous motors or generators
    • H02K19/02—Synchronous motors
    • H02K19/10—Synchronous motors for multi-phase current
    • H02K19/12—Synchronous motors for multi-phase current characterised by the arrangement of exciting windings, e.g. for self-excitation, compounding or pole-changing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K19/00—Synchronous motors or generators
    • H02K19/16—Synchronous generators
    • H02K19/26—Synchronous generators characterised by the arrangement of exciting windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K19/00—Synchronous motors or generators
    • H02K19/16—Synchronous generators
    • H02K19/26—Synchronous generators characterised by the arrangement of exciting windings
    • H02K19/28—Synchronous generators characterised by the arrangement of exciting windings for self-excitation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/02—Details
    • H02K21/04—Windings on magnets for additional excitation ; Windings and magnets for additional excitation
    • H02K21/042—Windings on magnets for additional excitation ; Windings and magnets for additional excitation with permanent magnets and field winding both rotating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/22—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating around the armatures, e.g. flywheel magnetos
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K29/00—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02K29/03—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with a magnetic circuit specially adapted for avoiding torque ripples or self-starting problems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/12—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors arranged in slots
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/32—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation
    • H02K3/34—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation between conductors or between conductor and core, e.g. slot insulation
    • H02K3/345—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation between conductors or between conductor and core, e.g. slot insulation between conductor and core, e.g. slot insulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/46—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
    • H02K3/48—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure in slots
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/46—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
    • H02K3/52—Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto
    • H02K3/521—Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto applicable to stators only
    • H02K3/522—Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto applicable to stators only for generally annular cores with salient poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/12—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof specially adapted for operating in liquid or gas
    • H02K5/128—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof specially adapted for operating in liquid or gas using air-gap sleeves or air-gap discs
    • H02K5/1285—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof specially adapted for operating in liquid or gas using air-gap sleeves or air-gap discs of the submersible type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/16—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields
    • H02K5/167—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields using sliding-contact or spherical cap bearings
    • H02K5/1677—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields using sliding-contact or spherical cap bearings radially supporting the rotor around a fixed spindle; radially supporting the rotor directly
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/08—Structural association with bearings
    • H02K7/086—Structural association with bearings radially supporting the rotor around a fixed spindle; radially supporting the rotor directly
    • H02K7/088—Structural association with bearings radially supporting the rotor around a fixed spindle; radially supporting the rotor directly radially supporting the rotor directly
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2201/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
    • H02K2201/03—Machines characterised by aspects of the air-gap between rotor and stator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2201/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
    • H02K2201/06—Magnetic cores, or permanent magnets characterised by their skew
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2203/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the windings
    • H02K2203/15—Machines characterised by cable windings, e.g. high-voltage cables, ribbon cables

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
  • Windings For Motors And Generators (AREA)

Abstract

本发明是一种旋转电磁机器，例如电动机或发电机，在该旋转电磁机器中避免了邻近气体间隙的通量方向的改变。所公开的改进适用于永磁交流发电机、感应电动机和发电机、双馈感应发电机等。公开了线圈适应于且固定在所需槽几何形状内。还公开了共定位在主转子芯和主定子芯内的励磁系统。还公开了与不锈钢转子套筒结合的硫化到转子的橡胶的用途。

Description

具有改善的气体间隙通量对齐的电动机发电机
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请是2019年5月31日提交的美国临时申请号62/855,908的国际阶段并要求该临时申请的优先权。所述申请以引用方式并入本文。值得注意的是， 2020年5月31日是星期天，使得该专利申请的截止日期为2020年6月1日。
技术领域
本发明涉及电磁电动机和发电机。
发明内容
本发明借助于改善转子和定子中的磁通量路径与机器以额定转矩运行时气体间隙(air gap)中的磁通量方向的对齐来降低电动机和发电机的铁中的磁滞损耗。
传统的电动机和发电机通常在线圈槽之间的铁芯中提供径向通量路径。在空载零转矩条件下，这种布置引起铁中的磁通量和气体间隙中的磁通量的良好对齐。也许这种非优化设计一直存在是因为许多大型机器的验收测试是在空载零转矩条件下进行的。当磁通量以大约45度的角度穿过气体间隙时，会出现最大转矩。当穿过气体间隙的磁通量呈非径向角度(例如，45度)时，径向定子齿(线圈之间的铁)中的通量分布非常不均匀。高通量区域导致高磁滞损耗。低通量区域代表浪费的铁或浪费的空间，这些浪费的铁或浪费的空间本来可以用于更大的低损耗导体。
当通量在定子、气体间隙与转子之间通过时，本发明保持通量方向的连续性。通量方向的连续性导致更均匀的通量密度、更低的磁滞损耗和更有效地使用铁芯材料，同时为更大截面的低损耗线圈提供空间。
本发明适用于各种电动机和发电机类型，包括感应电动机、同步电动机、凸极同步电动机、双馈感应电动机、永磁交流发电机等。
根据本发明的另一方面，可以提供一种混合机器，其中转子的磁场由直流DC励磁和永磁体的结合来建立。
根据机器的另一方面，线圈可以由具有与恒定导体截面结合的、逐步调整的宽度与厚度纵横比的导体形成，以允许相同导体截面的多匝有效地填充锥形槽。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种交流电动的机器(例如，电动机或发电机)，在该机器中励磁磁路叠加在电动的机器的磁路上。在这种情况下，直流DC励磁电流被提供至定子中的辅助直流DC绕组。这导致了进出转子的非旋转磁场，在该非旋转磁场中产生交流AC励磁功率。然后对该交流AC励磁电源进行整流以在转子中建立直流DC电源。例如，可以通过普通二极管或借助于外部控制的二极管、整流器或晶体管来完成整流。例如，控制可以是电的、磁的或光学的。光学可控整流器是优选的。这在转子与定子中和转子与定子之间建立了非交变磁场。这种场可以单独作用，或者这种场可以与永磁场协同作用。永磁体的使用可以改善机器的整体效率，而场强度的可控部分可以用于电压和功率因数控制。旋转直流DC励磁线圈可以与旋转交流 AC线圈共享槽，该旋转交流AC线圈为由直流定子DC绕组建立的非旋转场收集能量。
根据本发明的另一方面，可以提供可以以适当的间距量轴向插入到定子槽中的锥形线圈。一旦就位，可拉伸的弹性垫片可以在拉伸且薄的状态下被插入。例如，这可以在连接至张紧的绳时插入。一旦处于正确的轴向位置，可以减小张力，从而允许弹性垫片缩短且横向扩张来填充槽、并将线圈径向向内压入以与定子槽的侧面紧密接触。这种方法特别适用于像具有仅在一端弯曲的订书钉一样插入的“发夹”线圈。
根据本发明的另一方面，可以使用可充气管代替弹性垫片。
根据本发明的另一方面，可充气管可以用可熔物质充气。
根据本发明的另一方面，可熔物质也可以是弹性的，以便允许通过拉伸去除垫片。
根据本发明的另一方面，气体间隙处磁场的对齐可以通过使用相邻的磁体部段来建立，每个磁体部段被磁化以提供最佳通量对齐。每个磁体部段的磁化可以在整个部段内是恒定的，或者每个磁体部段的磁化可以(最好是)在每个部段表面的连续方向上是恒定的。
根据本发明的另一方面，这些部段可以彼此电隔离，以便使涡流损耗最小化。
根据本发明的另一方面，磁体可以用收缩到位的金属套筒固定。
根据本发明的另一方面，磁体可以用纤维增强塑料固定，该纤维增强塑料例如为环氧树脂、乙烯基酯或聚酯基体中的碳纤维。
附图说明
图1是现有技术。
图2是现有技术。
图3是现有技术。
图4a、图4b和图4c示出了永磁的机器的截面，该永磁的机器结合了适用于成形本发明的绕组罗贝线棒(Roebel bar)线圈。
图5a、图5b、图5c、图5d、图5e和图5f示出了根据本发明一方面的具有成形的线圈的永磁的机器的截面。
图6a和图6b示出了根据本发明一方面的随机绕组永磁的机器的截面。
图7示出了根据本发明的一方面的永磁的机器的截面，其中转子芯叠片中的槽被提供以允许在永磁体不得不重新磁化时插入导体。
图8示出了根据本发明一方面的具有外部永磁的转子的机器的截面。
图9a和图9b描绘了外部转子永磁的机器。
图10为具有励磁线圈的混合永磁的机器。
图11描绘了线圈固定方法。
图12为与本发明结合的无刷励磁系统的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1、图2和图3示出了电动机和发电机中的磁体和槽的现有技术配置。
参考图4a、图4b和图4c，示出了具有交流电定子的旋转电动机器(rotatingelectric machine)的截面，该旋转电动机器可以在电动机或发电机模式下运行。定子芯2携带正弦变化的磁通量，如通量线21a、21b、21c、21d、21e、 21f、21g和21h所示。这种机器是不对称的，并且在所有四个象限中的功能都不相同。针对两象限操作进行了优化，该两象限操作例如为升降电梯或与可逆泵涡轮机结合使用所需的操作。发生在这两个示例中的发电和驱动具有相同方向的转矩但具有相反方向的旋转。在这两个象限的每一个中，通量线以相同的角度符号穿过气体间隙49。对于最大功率，穿过气体间隙的通量线的角度可以在与径向方向成30度到45度的范围内。通量角大于45度可能会导致永磁的极与定子中线圈产生的极之间的滑移或失去同步。根据本发明的一方面，可以调整线圈电流相位角以防止失去同步。现在还参考图5f，在线圈插入之前所示的锥形定子槽51与该角度对齐，以便使定子齿56的尖端55处的通量集中最小化。同样地，永磁体4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、 15、16、17、18和19被磁化，使得通量可以离开磁体，穿过气体间隙并进入定子芯，而无需改变方向。永磁体的磁化方向在离散的磁体部段上可以是均匀的，或者在每极单个磁体的情况下，可以优选地在连续的方向上磁化以保持气体间隙穿过的设计角度。所需的场强度随角度位置变化，磁体厚度也应相应变化，以便实现昂贵磁性材料的经济使用。现有技术机器中气体间隙内通量方向的变化导致更大的有效气体间隙。穿过现有技术机器的气体间隙的、较长的间接通量路径导致较低的磁场强度或对更大磁体的需要。示出的线圈类似于罗贝线棒，不同之处在于导体截面随着每次穿过槽而改变，以便组装的棒适合锥形定子槽51。
参考图5a、图5b、图5c、图5d、图5e和图5f，示出了图4a、图4b和图4c 的旋转电动机器的变型。绕组28a至28w由根据其在每个槽中的放置顺序扁平化的线构成。扁平化优选利用配置为在每根单独线的长度上建立所需厚度的自动化设备来完成。这允许线圈呈现与锥形定子槽51的形状相匹配的锥形形状，该锥形定子槽51提供恒定的芯截面面积和作为半径的函数的通量密度。这种恒定通量密度的配置使磁滞损耗最小化，同时还优化了铁和铜的使用。锥形定子槽51还允许线圈从槽的一端、以大的间距(generous clearance)插入。一旦线圈完全插入，弹性“封隔器”26在张力下穿透槽的护铁端(back-iron end)54。护铁57在图6a中标识。张力导致“封隔器”26呈现减小的截面以作为拉伸的封隔器25。一旦拉伸的封隔器25就位，张力就被释放并且张紧装置可以断开。这导致封隔器26完全占据可用空间并且抵靠线圈的后边缘施加定位预载荷。可以通过再次张紧封隔器26来移除线圈。提供的预载荷抑制线圈振动。由此产生的线圈与槽之间的紧密接触改善了热传递。磁体4至19可以用碳纤维绕组27固定。
参考图6a和图6b，示出了槽中的随机缠绕的线圈58和59的示例布置。线圈绝缘体62将线圈58与59分开。槽绝缘体63将线圈与定子21绝缘。
参考图7，在转子芯20中提供槽31的目的是在由于外部短路或出于任何原因使磁体过热而发生去磁时重新磁化永磁体4至19。放置在这种槽中用于再磁化的导体将优选地与定位并固定在转子外部、从定子移除的导体结合使用。
参考图8a和图8b，示出了类似于用于永磁UAV电动机的外部磁体旋转电动机器的截面。花键轴22防止定子芯25旋转。花键轴22优选地是非磁性的，以便使涡流损耗最小化，否则将由通过花键轴22的交变通量引起涡流损耗。花键轴22可以包括可以用于增强冷却的孔23，例如作为热管的一部分。在所示的两极配置中，通量必须穿过芯21的直径。花键轴22与定子芯25之间的花键连接使花键轴22所需的直径最小化，从而使通过由花键轴22和定子芯25组成的组件的直径通量路径的磁阻最小化。磁体部段4至19均以通量方向磁化，该通量方向与穿过气体间隙的标称额定负载通量方向对齐。再次，在穿过气体间隙时不改变方向的通量线会导致更短的有效气体间隙，使磁路的磁阻最小化并允许使用最少的磁性材料(例如，稀土)。图8b示出了在槽中的示例线圈，该槽设计用于在气体间隙中的额定转矩方向与示出的两极机器上的直径通量路径之间引导磁通量线。应该注意的是，不同数量的极需要通过转子的不同通量路径。
参考图9a和图9b，示出了图8a和图8b的机器的变型。在这种情况下，槽 24被成形为避免磁通量集中在槽24的任一端处。
参考图10，混合式同步机器以截面示出。该机器将永磁体4至19与转子场线圈29相结合，以便在保留永磁场的一些效率优势的情况下提供对电压和功率因数的控制。转子场线圈29可以在任一方向上通电，以便增加或减少由永磁体提供的场。转子场线圈29可以通过传统的滑环、通过传统的(现有技术)无刷励磁器通电，或者根据本发明的另一方面，通过与示出的主同步交流发电机共定位并叠加的无刷励磁机进行励磁。
参考图11a、图11b、图11c和图11d，封隔器26可以采用扁平橡皮筋(rubber band)的形状。封隔器26可以在拉伸的情况下穿透槽28的圆形部分。通过这种方式，圆形线圈27可以固定在定子芯21中的槽28的圆形部分中。这可以与高压旋转电动机器线圈(例如，并入ABB
Figure BDA0003383696510000051
高压发电机)结合使用。
您有28a至28w的绕组、电源定子绕组和转子场绕组。这些是不同的元素吗？
参考图12，励磁系统可以包括与交流AC电源定子绕组48共定位的直流 DC线圈41，以产生具有穿过定子72和转子45的磁路的非旋转磁场。这导致在转子45中的辅助绕组44中产生交流AC功率。转子45中可用的该交流AC功率被整流以向转子场线圈29提供直流DC功率。光学整流控制器46通过光链路71控制光学可控整流器70。光学可控整流器70可以切换转子场线圈29的极性并调节转子场线圈29。光学可控整流器70可以用功能类似的装置代替，该功能类似的装置例如为控制传统可控硅整流器的小光电二极管或功能等效物。这种配置克服了将单独的励磁机安装到较大交流发电机上的复杂性，其中较大交流发电机可能具有与那些励磁机不兼容的大气体间隙和大轴承间距。本发明在这方面提供了更便宜、更坚固且更紧凑的励磁机配置。励磁机磁路叠加在电动机或发电机的主磁路上，即与之共定位。这种配置消除了对单独的励磁发电机的需要。单独的励磁发电机往往更小，可能需要更小的气体间隙，并且定子内转子的定位公差也更小。转子的单独磁路的消除减少了零件数量、机器重量、机器尺寸和机器成本。
参考图12，励磁控制器40向定子直流DC励磁线圈42中的辅助绕组41供应直流DC电流，这导致交流电的功率被传送到转子45中的绕组44。产生的交流AC功率用光学可控整流器46进行整流。产生的直流DC功率可以是任一极性，这取决于光学整流器控制被激活。该直流DC功率施加到直流DC转子线圈47。该功率可以用于单独产生场，或者可以用于与转子中的永磁体结合产生转子磁场。输出功率通过定子线圈48从发电机中得到。请注意，该系统可以配置为发电机、同步电动机或同步电容器。
根据本发明的另一方面，该机器可以设计为用于潜水使用。它的末端线圈可以嵌入橡胶中。它的定子极面表面同样可以嵌入橡胶中。优选使用诸如 Lord ChemicalCompany
Figure BDA0003383696510000061
之类的粘合剂将橡胶硫化到定子芯叠片的表面。此外，安装在转子上的不锈钢套筒可以利用水润滑、在粘合到定子上的橡胶上滑动，磨损很小。该组件用作橡胶轴承，类似于用于船舶艉轴管的橡胶轴承。这优于用不锈钢覆盖极面表面，因为与不锈钢不同，橡胶不会产生涡流损耗。橡胶覆盖定子与不锈钢覆盖转子结合也可以在转子位于定子外部的结构的情况下使用。
应当注意，这里公开的改进适用于具有不同极数和相位的旋转电磁机器。此处所示的两极机器仅是示例。

Claims (9)

1.一种旋转电动机器，所述旋转电动机器包括永磁的转子和交流电的定子，其中所述定子槽基本上与在额定负载条件下穿过所述气体间隙的所述磁通量对齐。
2.一种旋转电动机器，所述旋转电动机器包括永磁的转子和交流电的定子，其中所述转子的磁化基本上与在额定负载下穿过所述气体间隙的所述磁通量对齐。
3.一种旋转电动机器，所述旋转电动机器包括永磁的转子和交流电的定子，其中所述定子槽基本上与在额定负载条件下穿过所述气体间隙的所述磁通量对齐，并且其中所述转子的磁化基本上与在额定负载下穿过所述气体间隙的所述磁通量对齐。
4.根据权利要求3所述的旋转电动机器，其还包括转子场励磁线圈(转子场励磁线圈不在说明书内)。
5.一种旋转电动机器励磁系统，所述旋转电动机器励磁系统与旋转电动机器共定位，其中，在另外的交流AC定子中的直流DC线圈产生在所述转子中的交流AC功率，所述转子中的交流AC功率是另外的非交流磁通量，其中在所述转子中的所述交流AC功率在所述转子内被整流为直流DC功率并且用以激励转子场绕组(转子场绕组未在说明书中指定)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的旋转电动机器，其中，通过固定控制器与旋转整流器之间的光链路来控制整流。
7.根据权利要求5所述的旋转电动机器，其中，所述转子场的部分由一个或多个永磁体提供。
8.一种用于旋转电动机器的线圈固定系统，其中，电线圈借助用于组装的、能够被拉伸成薄的弹性封隔器固定，然后在所述线圈被组装和定位之后允许返回到厚的干涉配合状态。
9.一种能潜水的旋转电动机器，所述旋转电动机器包括位于所述气体间隙(水间隙)处的、与不锈钢覆盖转子结合的橡胶覆盖转子。
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