CN113933621A - Single tube Na-AMTEC experimental device and experimental method - Google Patents
Single tube Na-AMTEC experimental device and experimental method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113933621A CN113933621A CN202111122995.5A CN202111122995A CN113933621A CN 113933621 A CN113933621 A CN 113933621A CN 202111122995 A CN202111122995 A CN 202111122995A CN 113933621 A CN113933621 A CN 113933621A
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Abstract
The invention aims to provide a single-tube Na-AMTEC experimental device and an experimental method aiming at the research requirements of AMTEC. The device comprises an experimental section, a sodium injection/storage system, a vacuum system, an argon gas source and a data acquisition system; the experiment section comprises an experiment box, a sodium injection pipe, a middle partition plate and a BASE pipe, wherein the middle partition plate is positioned between the upper end of the BASE pipe and the side wall of the experiment box and divides the inner cavity of the experiment box into a high-pressure cavity and a low-pressure cavity; a heating rod is arranged in the BASE pipe; the sodium injection tube is arranged on the experimental box, and the outlet extends into the BASE tube; the sodium injection/storage system comprises a No. 1 sodium storage tank, a No. 2 sodium storage tank, a purification cold trap and a quantitative pipe, wherein the No. 1 sodium storage tank is communicated with an inlet of the purification cold trap, an outlet of the purification cold trap is communicated with an inlet of the quantitative pipe, and an outlet of the quantitative pipe is communicated with the No. 2 sodium storage tank and an inlet of the sodium injection pipe; the vacuum system is communicated with the low-pressure cavity and the high-pressure cavity; the argon source is communicated with the high-pressure cavity, the 2# sodium storage tank, the inlet of the quantitative tube and the 1# sodium storage tank; the data acquisition system measures liquid sodium in the BASE tube, the temperature of the BASE tube, and current and voltage signals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of thermoelectric conversion research, in particular to a single-tube Na-AMTEC experimental device and an experimental method.
Background
The alkali metal thermoelectric conversion (AMTEC) is used as a static thermoelectric conversion mode, has the characteristics of high thermoelectric conversion efficiency, simple and compact equipment structure, no pollution, no vibration, adaptability to different heat sources and the like, and is very suitable for thermoelectric conversion of a space nuclear reactor.
At present, AMTEC is still in an early stage of research, and the technical problems of the electrical degradation effect of a BASE material and an electrode material along with the running time, the high-efficiency thermoelectric conversion efficiency and the long service life of the AMTEC and the like are not well solved. Therefore, several key technologies such as BASE tube development, electrode material selection, high efficiency thermoelectric conversion efficiency, and working life of the AMTEC system are still important for research.
In summary, in order to comprehensively grasp the comprehensive performance of the AMTEC thermoelectric conversion device, understand the interaction between the subsystems of the conversion device, and realize the practical application of the AMTEC thermoelectric conversion device for the space reactor power supply, a test device needs to be designed for the comprehensive experimental study of the AMTEC.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a single-tube Na-AMTEC experimental device and an experimental method aiming at the research requirements of AMTEC.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a single tube Na-AMTEC experimental device is characterized in that: comprises an experimental section, a sodium injection/storage system, a vacuum system, an argon source and a data acquisition system;
the experiment section comprises an experiment box, a sodium injection pipe, a first heating device, a middle partition plate and a BASE pipe, wherein the middle partition plate and the BASE pipe are arranged in the experiment box;
a heating rod is arranged in the BASE tube, and an electrode is arranged on the outer surface of the BASE tube;
a pressure gauge V110 communicated with the high-pressure cavity is arranged on the experimental box;
the inlet of the sodium injection pipe is arranged on the experimental box, the outlet of the sodium injection pipe extends into the high-pressure cavity and is positioned at the upper part of the inner cavity of the BASE pipe, and the first heating device is used for preheating the sodium injection pipe to ensure the circulation of liquid sodium;
the second heating device and the heat shielding layer are arranged in the low-pressure cavity, and the second heating device and the heat shielding layer are sequentially arranged outside the BASE pipe outwards;
the sodium injection/storage system comprises a 1# sodium storage tank, a 2# sodium storage tank, a purification cold trap and a quantitative pipe, wherein the bottom of the 1# sodium storage tank is communicated with an inlet of the purification cold trap through a 1# sodium valve, an outlet of the purification cold trap is communicated with an inlet of the quantitative pipe through a 3# sodium valve, an outlet of the quantitative pipe is communicated with the 2# sodium storage tank through a 5# sodium valve, and is communicated with an inlet of the sodium injection pipe through a 4# sodium valve;
liquid level probes are arranged in the sodium storage tank No. 1 and the sodium storage tank No. 2 and used for giving liquid level signals, and third heating devices are arranged on the outer walls and used for preheating the metal sodium to ensure that the metal sodium is in a liquid state when the metal sodium is filled;
the 1# sodium storage tank and the 2# sodium storage tank are respectively provided with a pressure gauge V104 and a pressure gauge V105;
the purifying cold trap is a stainless steel container, a stainless steel wire mesh is filled in the purifying cold trap, and a fourth heating device is arranged on the outer wall of the purifying cold trap;
the vacuum system is communicated with the low-pressure cavity through a 4# air valve and is communicated with the high-pressure cavity through a 9# air valve;
the argon gas source is divided into three paths after passing through the No. 1 gas valve, the first path is communicated with the high-pressure cavity through the No. 8 gas valve and communicated with the No. 2 sodium storage tank through the No. 6 gas valve, the second path is communicated with the inlet of the quantitative tube through the No. 2 sodium valve, and the third path is communicated with the No. 1 sodium storage tank through the No. 2 gas valve;
the data acquisition system is used for respectively measuring the temperature of liquid sodium in the BASE tube, the second heating device and the heat shield, and is used for measuring current and voltage signals of a loop formed by the inner side and the outer side of the BASE tube and an external load resistor.
Further, the data acquisition system comprises a thermocouple assembly, an electrode lead and a digital multimeter;
the thermocouple assembly comprises a heating rod temperature thermocouple arranged on the heating rod, a liquid sodium temperature thermocouple arranged in the BASE tube, a BASE tube temperature thermocouple arranged on the outer wall of the BASE tube, a heating device temperature thermocouple arranged on the inner wall of the second heating device, and a heat shielding layer temperature thermocouple arranged on the inner wall of the heat shielding layer;
the electrode lead comprises a BASE tube inner side electrode lead and a BASE tube outer side electrode lead, wherein one end of the BASE tube inner side electrode lead is arranged in the BASE tube, one end of the BASE tube outer side electrode lead is positioned in the low-pressure cavity and is arranged on the outer side of the BASE tube, and the other end of the BASE tube inner side electrode lead and the other end of the BASE tube outer side electrode lead are respectively connected with two ends of an external load resistor to form the loop;
the digital multimeter is used for measuring current and voltage signals of a loop.
Further, a BASE pipe leakage detecting basin located below the BASE pipe is further arranged in the low-pressure cavity.
Furthermore, the vacuum system comprises a gas cold trap and a vacuum unit, the vacuum unit is connected with an inlet of the gas cold trap, and an outlet of the gas cold trap is respectively communicated with the low-pressure cavity and the high-pressure cavity.
Further, the first heating device is an electric heating wire wound on the outer wall of the experimental box positioned on the upper side of the middle partition plate;
the second heating device is an external heating cylinder;
the third heating device is an electric heating wire respectively wound on the outer walls of the No. 1 sodium storage tank and the No. 2 sodium storage tank;
the fourth heating device is an electric heating wire wound on the outer wall of the purification cold trap.
Furthermore, the number of liquid level probes in the 1# sodium storage tank and the number of liquid level probes in the 2# sodium storage tank are 3, and the liquid level probes are respectively used for giving liquid level signals of three points, namely a bottom point, a middle point and a top point.
Further, the BASE tube is a regular U-shaped tube with the compactness of more than 96% and the beta' phase content of more than 96%.
Meanwhile, the invention provides a single tube Na-AMTEC experimental method, which is characterized in that: the single-tube Na-AMTEC experimental device comprises the following steps:
1) air replacement of high-pressure cavity of experimental section
1.1) opening a 9# air valve, starting a vacuum unit mechanical pump of a vacuum system, and observing a pressure gauge of the vacuum system;
1.2) when the pressure gauge is stable, closing a mechanical pump and a No. 9 air valve of a vacuum system;
1.3) opening a 2# sodium valve, a 4# sodium valve and a 1# air valve, and enabling argon of an argon source to enter a high-pressure cavity after sequentially passing through the 1# air valve, the 2# sodium valve and the 4# sodium valve;
1.4) after the pressure gauge V110 measures that the pressure of the high-pressure cavity reaches the experimental requirement, closing the 2# sodium valve and the 4# sodium valve;
1.5) closing the 1# air valve, and finishing air replacement of the high-pressure cavity;
2) preheating
2.1) starting a first heating device, a second heating device, a third heating device and a fourth heating device, and starting a liquid level display power supply for a liquid level probe; and opening the data acquisition system;
2.3) when the temperature of the second heating device reaches a set value, enabling the first heating device, the second heating device, the third heating device and the fourth heating device to enter a heat preservation state;
3) sodium injection by sodium pressing
3.1) checking whether the liquid level probes of the No. 1 sodium storage tank and the No. 2 sodium storage tank work normally, if so, executing the step 3.2), and if not, ending or replacing the liquid level probes;
3.2) opening a 1# air valve and a 2# air valve, filling argon into the 1# sodium storage tank by an argon source, and then sequentially opening a 1# sodium valve, a 3# sodium valve and a 5# sodium valve;
3.3) observing a liquid level display bulb for a liquid level probe of the 2# sodium storage tank, and if the bulb corresponding to the bottom liquid level probe is on, closing a 5# sodium valve, a 3# sodium valve and a 1# sodium valve in sequence; then closing the 2# air valve and the 1# air valve;
3.4) opening the 1# air valve, opening the 2# sodium valve and the 4# sodium valve to inject the liquid sodium in the quantitative tube into the BASE tube through the 4# sodium valve and the sodium injection tube, and closing the 2# sodium valve, the 4# sodium valve and the 1# air valve after the sodium injection is finished;
4) initial experiment
4.1) starting a power supply of the heating rod, heating the liquid sodium in the BASE tube and maintaining the liquid sodium at a set temperature, and then adjusting a second heating device to ensure that the heat-insulating effect of the second heating device on the BASE tube meets the experimental requirements;
simultaneously starting a vacuum unit mechanical pump and a No. 4 air valve of the vacuum system, and vacuumizing a low-pressure cavity of the experimental section until a vacuum gauge of the vacuum system displays stable numerical values;
4.2) respectively connecting the other end of the electrode lead inside the BASE tube and the other end of the electrode lead outside the BASE tube with two ends of an external load resistor to form a loop, and carrying out experiments, wherein the experiments comprise a pressure working condition experiment and a temperature working condition experiment;
pressure working condition experiment: opening the 1# air valve and the 8# air valve, and enabling argon of an argon source to enter the high-pressure cavity through the 1# air valve and the 8# air valve in sequence to change the pressure of the high-pressure cavity; in the process of changing the pressure of the high-pressure cavity, the digital multimeter measures corresponding current and voltage signals under the pressure value in the loop, calculates corresponding output power and thermoelectric conversion efficiency, and obtains the influence of different pressure conditions on the output power and the thermoelectric conversion efficiency;
temperature working condition experiment: the temperature of liquid sodium in the BASE tube is changed through the heating rod, the digital multimeter measures corresponding current and voltage signals under the temperature value, corresponding output power and thermoelectric conversion efficiency are calculated, and influences of different liquid sodium temperature conditions on the output power and the thermoelectric conversion efficiency are obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the experimental device integrates sodium working medium purification and filling and an experimental section, can realize the function of only replacing a BASE pipe assembly and repeatedly and quantitatively filling sodium working medium, realizes long-term storage and purification of the sodium working medium by arranging the purification cold trap between 2 sodium storage tanks, ensures the purity of the working medium, and can realize the research on the influence of temperature and pressure on the output power and efficiency of the device by changing the working conditions of the temperature (the dimension of liquid sodium in the BASE pipe is changed by a heating rod) and the pressure (the pressure in a high-pressure cavity is changed by an argon source) of the device during the experiment, thereby providing a support for the deep research of single-pipe Na-AMTEC.
2. The invention relates to a thermoelectric conversion experimental device which takes ion selective permeability function of BASE as a basis and takes alkali metal sodium as a working medium, and the device can directly convert heat energy into electric energy. The experimental device can measure the output performance parameter current and voltage of the single-tube Na-AMTEC, calculate the output power and efficiency, and evaluate the performance of the BASE tube and the electrode, thereby continuously improving the power generation efficiency of the single-tube Na-AMTEC.
3. The single-tube Na-AMTEC experimental system is composed of a sodium injection and storage system, an experimental section, an argon protection unit and a vacuum unit, is used for carrying out experiments to measure the thermoelectric conversion performance parameters of the Na-AMTEC single tube, and has the advantages that the BASE tube can be repeatedly detached, the sodium injection quantity is accurate, and the working medium sodium can be stored and purified for a long time.
4. The leakage detecting basin is arranged at the bottom of the BASE pipe in the experimental section, has the function of detecting the overflow and leakage of liquid sodium after the BASE pipe is broken, and can accurately master the damage state of the BASE pipe in the experiment under the multi-layer isolation of the shell, the heat shield and the external heating sleeve in the experimental section.
5. The argon source of the invention provides different pressure difference conditions for the high-pressure cavity and the low-pressure cavity of the experimental section, and can also provide argon protection for sodium working media, BASE tubes, electrodes and the like during the cold-state non-operation period of the experimental section, thereby ensuring the safety in the experimental process.
6. According to the invention, the second heating device and the heat shielding layer are arranged in the low-pressure cavity, and the heat shielding layer can reduce heat loss and is beneficial to improving the thermoelectric conversion efficiency; the heating rod inside the BASE tube mainly heats the sodium working medium inside the tube and the BASE tube, and the second heating device is used for heat preservation and heating of the outer side of the BASE tube, so that the heat loss of the outer side of the BASE tube is reduced, and the output performance of the device is improved.
7. The vacuum system comprises the gas cold trap, and when gas-phase sodium generated by the low-pressure cavity passes through the gas cold trap, the gas-phase sodium is condensed on the low-temperature stainless steel wire net, so that the sodium is prevented from entering a vacuum unit and influencing the normal work of the vacuum unit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the single-tube Na-AMTEC experimental apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental section in an embodiment of the single-tube Na-AMTEC experimental apparatus of the present invention;
wherein the reference numbers are as follows:
1-experimental section, 101-experimental box, 102-sodium injection tube, 104-intermediate partition, 105-BASE tube, 106-high pressure cavity, 107-low pressure cavity, 108-heating rod, 109-second heating device, 110-thermal shield, 111-BASE tube leak detection basin;
a 21-1# sodium storage tank, a 22-2# sodium storage tank, a 23-purification cold trap and a 24-quantitative pipe;
3-vacuum system, 31-gas cold trap, 32-vacuum unit;
4-argon source;
51-1# air valve, 52-2# air valve, 53-3# air valve, 54-4# air valve, 55-5# air valve, 56-6# air valve, 57-7# air valve, 58-8# air valve and 59-9# air valve;
61-1# sodium valve, 62-2# sodium valve, 63-3# sodium valve, 64-4# sodium valve, 65-5# sodium valve;
71-heating rod temperature thermocouple, 72-liquid sodium temperature thermocouple, 73-BASE tube temperature thermocouple, 74-heating device temperature thermocouple, 75-thermal shield temperature thermocouple;
81-BASE tube inner side electrode lead, 82-BASE tube outer side electrode lead, 83-leak detection basin anode and cathode lead, and 84-external heating cylinder power supply line.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
As shown in FIG. 1, the single-tube Na-AMTEC experimental device comprises an experimental section 1, a sodium injection/storage system, a vacuum system 3, an argon source 4, a valve bank and a data acquisition system.
As shown in FIG. 2, the experimental section 1 comprises a test box 101, a sodium injection tube 102, a first heating device, and a middle partition 104 and a BASE tube 105 which are arranged in the test box 101, wherein the middle partition 104 is positioned between the upper end of the BASE tube 105 and the side wall of the test box 101, and divides the inner cavity of the test box 101 into an upper chamber and a lower chamber, namely a high pressure chamber 106 which is positioned on the upper side of the middle partition 104 and is communicated with the inner cavity of the BASE tube 105, and a low pressure chamber 107 which is positioned on the lower side of the middle partition 104.
The BASE tube 105 in this embodiment is a regular U-shaped alumina tube with a density of more than 96% and a beta' phase content of more than 96%, the U-shaped tube has an outer diameter of 17mm, an inner diameter of 14mm and a length of 110mm, an electrode is arranged on the outer surface of the BASE tube 105, the BASE tube 105 and the electrode on the outer surface thereof form a BASE tube assembly, which is generally called a BASE tube and an electrode; the BASE tube 105 is also internally provided with a heating rod 108, the rated power and the voltage of the heating rod 108 are respectively 100W and 24V in the embodiment, and the power of the heating rod 108 can be adjusted through a transformer; the experimental box 101 is further provided with a pressure gauge V110 communicated with the high pressure chamber 106 for measuring the pressure of the high pressure chamber 106.
The inlet of the sodium injection pipe 102 is arranged on the experiment box 101, the outlet is arranged in the high-pressure chamber 106 and is positioned at the upper part of the inner cavity of the BASE pipe 105, the first heating device in the embodiment is an electric heating wire wound on the outer wall of the experiment box 101 on the upper side of the middle partition plate 104, the high-pressure chamber 106 is heated, and then the sodium injection pipe 102 is preheated, so that the circulation of liquid sodium is ensured; in other embodiments, the first heating device may also be a heater directly disposed on the sodium injection tube to ensure the circulation of liquid sodium. In the experiment, the liquid sodium in the BASE tube 105 is heated to 300-500 ℃ by the heating rod 108, and the pressure is about one atmosphere.
The sodium injection/storage system comprises a 1# sodium storage tank 21, a 2# sodium storage tank 22, a purification cold trap 23 and a dosing pipe 24, wherein the bottom of the 1# sodium storage tank 21 is communicated with the bottom inlet of the purification cold trap 23 through a 1# sodium valve 61, the top outlet of the purification cold trap 23 is communicated with the inlet of the dosing pipe 24 through a 3# sodium valve 63, the outlet of the dosing pipe 24 is communicated with the 2# sodium storage tank 22 through a 5# sodium valve 65, and is communicated with the inlet of the sodium injection pipe 102 through a 4# sodium valve 64.
Liquid level probes are arranged in the sodium storage tank 1 21 and the sodium storage tank 2 22, the liquid level probes are contact type liquid level probes and used for giving liquid level signals, and third heating devices are arranged on the outer walls of the liquid level probes; the 1# sodium storage tank 21 and the 2# sodium storage tank 22 are respectively provided with a pressure gauge V104 and a pressure gauge V105 which are used for respectively measuring the pressure of the 1# sodium storage tank 21 and the pressure of the 2# sodium storage tank 22; the specification of the sodium storage tank 21 # and the sodium storage tank 22 # in this example is: the diameter is 200mm, and the volume is about 8.3L, and the third heating device is the electric heating wire who twines respectively in 1# sodium storage tank 21, 2# sodium storage tank 22 outer wall for preheat metal sodium, metal sodium is the liquid when guaranteeing to fill sodium.
The purifying cold trap 23 is a stainless steel container, a stainless steel wire mesh is filled in the purifying cold trap, a fourth heating device is arranged on the outer wall of the container, and the fourth heating device is an electric heating wire wound on the outer wall of the purifying cold trap 23; the temperature of the purification cold trap 23 is controlled between 120 ℃ and 130 ℃, when the liquid sodium flows through the purification cold trap 23, the liquid sodium flows through the stainless steel wire net from bottom to top, impurities are separated out from the stainless steel wire net, and the liquid sodium is effectively purified.
The dosing tube 24 functions to limit the volume of liquid sodium injected into the BASE tube 105 to a fixed value to ensure that the injected liquid sodium does not overflow the BASE tube 105 and affect the proper performance of subsequent experiments. The sizing tube 24 dimensions were selected according to the desired liquid sodium volume in the BASE tube 105. In operation, first, liquid sodium flows through the 1# sodium valve 61 and the 3# sodium valve 63 to fill the dosing pipe 24, then the 1# sodium valve 61 and the 3# sodium valve 63 are closed, the argon inlet valve (1# air valve 51) and the sodium injection valve (2# sodium valve 62 and 4# sodium valve 64) are opened, and the fixed amount of liquid sodium is injected into the BASE pipe 105 by using argon gas.
The vacuum system 3 comprises a gas cold trap 31 and a vacuum unit 32, wherein the vacuum unit 32 is connected with an inlet of the gas cold trap 31, an outlet of the gas cold trap 31 is communicated with a low-pressure cavity 107 through a 4# gas valve 54, and is communicated with a high-pressure cavity 106 through a 9# gas valve 59. The vacuum system 3 provides 10 for the low pressure chamber 107 of the experimental section 1-3Pa, and an argon source 4 for displacing air in the high-pressure chamber 106 to provide gas protection for the liquid sodium in the BASE tube 105. The vacuum unit 32 comprises a molecular pump, a mechanical pump, a vacuum gauge, a valve, a frame and the like, the structure of the gas cold trap 31 is similar to that of the liquid sodium purification cold trap 23, and meanwhile, when gas-phase sodium generated by the low-pressure cavity 107 passes through the gas cold trap 31, the gas-phase sodium is condensed on a low-temperature stainless steel wire net, so that the sodium is prevented from entering the vacuum unit 32 and affecting the normal work of the vacuum unit 32.
The argon gas source 4 is divided into three paths after passing through the 1# gas valve 51, the first path is communicated with the 9# gas valve 59 and the high-pressure cavity 106 through the 8# gas valve 58 and is communicated with the 2# sodium storage tank 22 through the 6# gas valve 56, the second path is communicated with the inlet of the quantifying pipe 24 through the 2# sodium valve 62, and the third path is communicated with the 1# sodium storage tank 21 through the 2# gas valve 52; in the embodiment, the argon source 4 adopts an argon bottle.
In the embodiment, 3 contact type liquid level probes are arranged in the sodium storage tank 21 # and the sodium storage tank 22 # in the embodiment, and the detection heads of the 3 contact type liquid level probes are positioned at different heights (low, medium and high) in the tank body; the sodium liquid in the sodium storage tank 1# 21 and the sodium storage tank 2# 22 is pressed out by means of argon pressure, and the contact type liquid level probe gives three liquid level signals of the bottom position or the middle or the top position of the sodium storage tank according to the amount of the sodium liquid in the tank body.
The valve group comprises a 3# air valve 53, a 7# air valve 57 and a 5# air valve 55; the 3# air valve 53, the 7# air valve 57 and the 5# air valve 55 are used for exhausting air so as to adjust the pressure in the sodium storage tank and the experiment section 1, and specifically, one end of the 3# air valve 53 is communicated with a pipeline between the 2# air valve 52 and the 1# sodium storage tank 21, and the other end of the 3# air valve is communicated with the atmosphere; one end of the 7# air valve 57 is communicated with a pipeline between the 6# air valve 56 and the 2# sodium storage tank 22, and the other end is communicated with the atmosphere; one end of the 5# air valve 55 is communicated with a pipeline between the 8# air valve 58 and the high-pressure cavity 106, and the other end is communicated with the atmosphere.
The thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the device of the embodiment is related to the working condition and the performance of the BASE tube assembly; the operating conditions include device pressure and temperature, and different thermoelectric conversion efficiencies can be obtained by changing the operating conditions (pressure and temperature) under the condition of using the same BASE pipe assembly, so that the influence of the parameters (pressure and temperature) on the thermoelectric conversion efficiency is researched.
The data acquisition system comprises a thermocouple assembly, an electrode lead and a digital multimeter;
the thermocouple assembly comprises a heating rod temperature thermocouple 71 arranged on a heating rod 108, a liquid sodium temperature thermocouple 72 arranged in a BASE tube 105, a BASE tube temperature thermocouple 73 arranged on the outer wall of the BASE tube 105, a heating device temperature thermocouple 74 arranged on the inner wall of a second heating device 109, and a thermal shield temperature thermocouple 75 arranged on the inner wall of a thermal shield 110, and is used for measuring the temperature of the heating rod 108, the liquid sodium temperature in the BASE tube 105, the temperature of the inner wall of the second heating device 109 and the temperature of the inner wall of the thermal shield 110 respectively; the temperature measured by the heating rod temperature thermocouple 71 and the temperature measured by the liquid sodium temperature thermocouple 72 are averaged to obtain more accurate high-pressure side liquid sodium temperature (liquid sodium temperature in the BASE tube 105), and the temperature change is realized by the heating rod 108; the temperature measured by the BASE pipe temperature thermocouple 73 is the temperature of the outer wall of the BASE pipe 105, the temperature represents the heat preservation effect of the second heating device 109, and the heat preservation effect of the second heating device 109 on the BASE pipe 105 meets the requirement by adjusting the heating power of the second heating device 109; the temperature measured by the heating device temperature thermocouple 74 and the temperature of the thermal shield temperature thermocouple 75 are used to estimate the radiant heat loss.
The electrode lead comprises a BASE tube inner side electrode lead 81 and a BASE tube outer side electrode lead 82, wherein one end of the BASE tube inner side electrode lead 81 is arranged in the BASE tube 105, one end of the BASE tube outer side electrode lead 82 is arranged on the outer side of the BASE tube 105, the other end of the BASE tube inner side electrode lead 81 and the other end of the BASE tube outer side electrode lead 82 are respectively connected with two ends of an external load resistor to form a loop, and current can be generated; the digital multimeter is an agilent 33420a digital multimeter, and current and voltage signals of a loop are measured by controlling the wagilent 33420a digital multimeter through labvie;
the output power of the device can be calculated according to the measured current and voltage signals; the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the device can be calculated by combining the radiation heat loss, the output power and the thermoelectric conversion efficiency are used for representing the performances of the BASE tube and the electrode, and the higher the output power and the conversion efficiency are, the more excellent the performances of the BASE tube and the electrode are under the same temperature and pressure working condition; and the device can be subjected to long-term examination experiments under the same temperature and pressure working conditions, and the working life of the BASE tube and the electrode can be judged according to the measured power attenuation condition.
Preferably, a BASE pipe leakage detecting basin 111 located right below the BASE pipe 105 is further arranged in the low-pressure cavity 107 of the embodiment, the BASE pipe leakage detecting basin 111 is connected with the positive and negative electrode leads 83 of the leakage detecting basin, the function of detecting the overflow and leakage of the liquid sodium after the BASE pipe 105 is broken is achieved, and the damage state of the BASE pipe 105 in the experiment can be accurately mastered under the multi-layer isolation of the shell, the heat shielding layer and the outer heating sleeve of the experiment section 1.
The working process of the Na-AMTEC experimental apparatus of this embodiment mainly includes the replacement of the air in the high-pressure chamber 106 of the experimental section, the whole preheating, the sodium injection by sodium pressing, the beginning of the experiment, the end of the experiment five steps, specifically:
before the operation, it is confirmed that the pressure gauge V104 of the # 1 sodium storage tank 21, the pressure gauge V105 of the # 2 sodium storage tank 22 and the pressure gauge V110 of the high pressure chamber 106 are in an open state, and the # 1 sodium valve 61, the # 2 sodium valve 62, the # 3 sodium valve 63, the # 4 sodium valve 64 and the # 5 sodium valve 65 and the rest valves are in a closed state, and after the completion, the subsequent operation can be performed.
1) Experimental section 1 high pressure Chamber 106 air Displacement
Checking the state of the vacuum system 3, ensuring that the vacuum unit 32 can normally operate, and confirming the power supply of the vacuum system 3;
1.1) opening a 9# air valve 59; at the moment, the high-pressure cavity 106 of the experimental section 1 is disconnected with the argon bottle and is connected with the vacuum system 3; starting a mechanical pump of the vacuum unit on the console, starting the mechanical pump to operate, and observing a pressure gauge of the vacuum system 3;
1.2) when the pressure gauge reaches the stable vicinity of 20Pa, the pressure drop speed is very slow, and the loop vacuum can be considered to reach the experimental requirement; then the power supply of the mechanical pump is closed, and the 9# air valve 59 is closed, so that the high-pressure cavity 106 of the experimental section 1 is disconnected with the vacuum system 3;
1.3) opening a 2# sodium valve 62 and a 4# sodium valve 64, opening a 1# gas valve 51, adjusting the outlet pressure of the argon gas cylinder to be 0.1MPa, rotating an argon gas meter valve, and enabling argon gas of the argon gas cylinder to enter the high-pressure cavity 106 after sequentially passing through the 1# gas valve 51, the 2# sodium valve 62 and the 4# sodium valve 64 so as to realize the purpose of filling the argon gas into the high-pressure cavity 106;
1.4) when the pressure of the high-pressure cavity 106 of the experimental section 1 reaches 0.1MPa as measured by a pressure gauge V110, closing the 2# sodium valve 62 and the 4# sodium valve 64;
1.5) the air valve 51 # 1 is closed and the air displacement of the high pressure chamber 106 is completed.
Repeating the steps 1.1) to 1.5) for multiple times in order to improve the accuracy of the test; this example was repeated 2 times.
2) Integral preheating
2.1) the total power supply of the whole device is put into operation;
2.2) opening a No. 1 sodium storage tank 21, a No. 2 sodium storage tank 22, a purification cold trap 23 and a heating wire of the experiment section 1, and opening an external heating cylinder in the low-pressure cavity 107; and the liquid level probe is started to use the liquid level display bulb power supply to indicate the liquid level change; opening a data acquisition system;
2.3) when the temperature of the outer heating cylinder outside the BASE tube 105 measured by the heating device temperature thermocouple 74 reaches a set value (sodium injected into the BASE tube is liquid), which is 150 ℃ in this embodiment, and the temperature of other parts of the device reaches 180 ℃, adjusting the pressure regulators for the heating wires and the outer heating cylinder to enable the heating wires and the outer heating cylinder to enter a heat preservation state;
in the whole device temperature rise process, the temperature values displayed by thermocouples for detection at each position in the loop are closely concerned, and if the temperature at a certain position rises too fast, the power supply of the heating wire at the position is cut off immediately;
3) sodium injection by sodium pressing
3.1) checking whether the liquid level probes of the No. 1 sodium storage tank 21 and the No. 2 sodium storage tank 22 work normally, if so, executing the step 3.2), and if not, finishing or replacing the liquid level probes;
3.2) the argon source 4 fills argon into the No. 1 sodium storage tank 21, so that the head of a pressure gauge of the No. 1 sodium storage tank 22 shows 0.3MPa, and the head of the pressure gauge of the No. 2 sodium storage tank 22 shows 0.05 MPa; the 2# sodium storage tank 22 is in a storage state, argon is always protected, the gauge head pressure is defaulted to be 0.05Mpa, and if the gauge head pressure is not defaulted to be 0.05Mpa, the method can be realized by opening the 1# air valve 51 and the 6# air valve 56; then, a 1# sodium valve 61, a 3# sodium valve 63 and a 5# sodium valve 65 are opened in sequence, the counting change of a pressure gauge V104 of the 1# sodium storage tank 21 and a pressure gauge V105 of the 2# sodium storage tank 22 is observed, the pressure of the sodium storage tank I is reduced, the pressure of the sodium storage tank II is increased, the liquid level in the sodium storage tank II is changed along with the pressing of sodium in the sodium storage tank I into the sodium storage tank II, a liquid level indicator lamp is also changed, a liquid level display bulb for a liquid level probe of two sodium storage tanks (the 1# sodium storage tank 21 and the 2# sodium storage tank 22) is observed, for example, the liquid level reaches the middle position, and the middle position indicator lamp is lightened; the pressure difference between the 1# sodium storage tank 21 and the 2# sodium storage tank 22 needs to be maintained at 0.25Mpa, and according to needs (the pressure difference is not maintained at 0.25Mpa), the 1# air valve 51 and the 2# air valve 52 can be opened, argon is filled into the 1# sodium storage tank 21, and the 7# air valve 57 is opened to release the pressure of the 2# sodium storage tank 22, so that the pressure difference between the two sodium storage tanks is maintained at 0.25 Mpa;
3.3) the pressure indication of the 1# sodium storage tank 21 is gradually reduced, the pressure indication of the 2# sodium storage tank 22 is gradually increased, the liquid sodium is indicated to slowly flow from the 1# sodium storage tank 21 to the 2# sodium storage tank 22, a liquid level display bulb for a liquid level probe of the 2# sodium storage tank 22 is observed, if the bulb corresponding to the bottom liquid level probe is bright, the liquid sodium is already filled in the quantitative tube 24, and the 5# sodium valve 65, the 3# sodium valve 63 and the 1# sodium valve 61 are closed in sequence;
3.4) opening the 1# gas valve 51, opening the 2# sodium valve 62 and the 4# sodium valve 64, injecting liquid sodium in the quantitative pipe 24 into the BASE pipe 105 through the 4# sodium valve 64 and the sodium injection pipe 102, observing the numerical values of a pressure gauge V110 and an outlet pressure gauge of the argon cylinder in the experimental section 1, indicating that sodium injection is finished when the numerical value measured by the pressure gauge V110 is balanced (equal) with the numerical value of the outlet pressure of the argon cylinder, closing the 2# sodium valve 62, the 4# sodium valve 64 and the 1# gas valve 51, and completing sodium injection of the BASE pipe 105;
4) initial experiment
4.1) starting a power supply of the heating rod 108, adjusting the voltage of a voltage regulator of the heating rod 108, heating the liquid sodium in the BASE tube 105 at a heating rate of 3 ℃/min, maintaining the temperature at 300 ℃, then adjusting the voltage of the voltage regulator for an external heating cylinder outside the BASE tube 105 to increase the temperature to about 200 ℃, simultaneously starting the mechanical pump, starting the 4# air valve 54, vacuumizing the low-pressure cavity 107 of the experimental section 1 until the vacuum gauge shows that the numerical value is almost not changed, and starting the molecular pump;
4.2) the other end of the BASE tube inner side electrode lead wire 81 and the other end of the BASE tube outer side electrode lead wire 82 are respectively connected with two ends of an external load resistor to form a loop, and a digital multimeter is started to carry out an experiment, wherein the experiment mainly comprises a pressure working condition experiment and a temperature working condition experiment;
the pressure working condition experiment specifically comprises the following steps: opening the 1# gas valve 51 and the 8# gas valve 58, and enabling argon gas in the argon gas bottle to enter the high-pressure cavity 106 through the 1# gas valve 51 and the 8# gas valve 58 in sequence to change the pressure of the high-pressure cavity 106; in the process of pressure change of the high-pressure cavity 106, the pressure values are recorded and stored once every certain time, in the embodiment, the pressure values are recorded and stored once every 2 minutes, meanwhile, the digital multimeter measures the corresponding current and voltage signals under the pressure values, calculates the output power and the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the corresponding device, and obtains the influence of the thermoelectric conversion efficiency corresponding to different pressure conditions;
the temperature working condition experiment specifically comprises the following steps: adjusting the temperature of liquid sodium in the BASE tube 105 according to experimental needs, namely adjusting the voltage regulator of the heating rod 108, changing the temperature of the liquid sodium in the BASE tube 105, adjusting the voltage regulator voltage for an external heating cylinder outside the BASE tube 105, measuring the temperature of the outer wall of the BASE tube 105 by the BASE tube temperature thermocouple 73, measuring the temperature of the heating rod by the heating rod temperature thermocouple 71 and the temperature of the liquid sodium by the liquid sodium temperature thermocouple 72, averaging the two to obtain the high-pressure side liquid sodium temperature (the temperature of the liquid sodium in the BASE tube 105), adjusting the voltage regulator voltage for the external heating cylinder outside the BASE tube 105 according to the measured temperature of the outer wall of the BASE tube 105 and the high-pressure side liquid sodium temperature to enable the external heating cylinder to meet the requirements on the heat preservation effect of the BASE tube 105, recording the temperature of the liquid sodium at the high-pressure side every time when the voltage regulator voltage of the heating rod 108 is changed, measuring corresponding current and voltage signals at the temperature value by a digital multimeter, and calculating the output power and the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the device, obtaining the influence of different liquid sodium temperature conditions on thermoelectric conversion efficiency;
5) end of the experiment
5.1) according to the operation rule of the molecular pump, sequentially turning off the molecular pump, the mechanical pump and the power supply of the vacuum gauge;
5.2) because the BASE tube 105 is a ceramic tube, the ceramic tube and a metal flange are welded to form a BASE tube 105, the BASE tube 105 is connected with the intermediate partition plate 104 made of metal through a flange, the welding position of the ceramic and the metal of the BASE tube 105 is damaged due to the overlarge stress generated by the temperature rise or temperature drop, and the sealing performance is damaged;
5.3) when the temperature of the BASE tube 105 is reduced to room temperature, the voltage regulator power supply and the main power supply are shut down, and the experiment is finished.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the technical solution of the present invention, and any modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the main technical idea of the present invention belong to the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a single tube Na-AMTEC experimental apparatus which characterized in that: comprises an experimental section (1), a sodium injection/storage system, a vacuum system (3), an argon gas source (4) and a data acquisition system;
the experiment section (1) comprises an experiment box (101), a sodium injection pipe (102), a first heating device, a middle partition plate (104) and a BASE pipe (105), wherein the middle partition plate (104) and the BASE pipe (105) are arranged in the experiment box (101), the middle partition plate (104) is positioned between the upper end of the BASE pipe (105) and the side wall of the experiment box (101), the inner cavity of the experiment box (101) is divided into an upper cavity and a lower cavity, and the upper cavity and the lower cavity are respectively a high-pressure cavity (106) which is positioned on the upper side of the middle partition plate (104) and communicated with the inner cavity of the BASE pipe (105) and a low-pressure cavity (107) which is positioned on the lower side of the middle partition plate (104);
a heating rod (108) is arranged in the BASE tube (105), and an electrode is arranged on the outer surface of the BASE tube (105);
a pressure gauge V110 communicated with the high-pressure cavity (106) is arranged on the experiment box (101);
the inlet of the sodium injection pipe (102) is arranged on the experiment box (101), the outlet of the sodium injection pipe extends into the high-pressure cavity (106) and is positioned at the upper part of the inner cavity of the BASE pipe (105), and the first heating device is used for preheating the sodium injection pipe (102);
a second heating device (109) and a heat shield layer (110) are arranged in the low-pressure cavity (107), and the second heating device (109) and the heat shield layer (110) are sequentially arranged outside the BASE pipe (105) from inside to outside;
the sodium injection/storage system comprises a 1# sodium storage tank (21), a 2# sodium storage tank (22), a purification cold trap (23) and a quantitative tube (24), wherein the bottom of the 1# sodium storage tank (21) is communicated with the inlet of the purification cold trap (23) through a 1# sodium valve (61), the outlet of the purification cold trap (23) is communicated with the inlet of the quantitative tube (24) through a 3# sodium valve (63), the outlet of the quantitative tube (24) is communicated with the 2# sodium storage tank (22) through a 5# sodium valve (65), and is communicated with the inlet of the sodium injection tube (102) through a 4# sodium valve (64);
liquid level probes are arranged in the No. 1 sodium storage tank (21) and the No. 2 sodium storage tank (22) and used for giving liquid level signals, and third heating devices are arranged on the outer walls of the No. 1 sodium storage tank and the No. 2 sodium storage tank;
the 1# sodium storage tank (21) and the 2# sodium storage tank (22) are respectively provided with a pressure gauge V104 and a pressure gauge V105;
the purification cold trap (23) is a stainless steel container, a stainless steel wire mesh is filled in the purification cold trap, and a fourth heating device is arranged on the outer wall of the purification cold trap;
the vacuum system (3) is communicated with the low-pressure cavity (107) through a 4# air valve (54) and is communicated with the high-pressure cavity (106) through a 9# air valve (59);
the argon gas source (4) is divided into three paths after passing through a 1# gas valve (51), the first path is communicated with the high-pressure cavity (106) through an 8# gas valve (58) and is communicated with a 2# sodium storage tank (22) through a 6# gas valve (56), the second path is communicated with the inlet of the quantifying pipe (24) through a 2# sodium valve (62), and the third path is communicated with the 1# sodium storage tank (21) through a 2# gas valve (52);
the data acquisition system is used for respectively measuring the temperature of liquid sodium in the BASE tube (105), the second heating device (109) and the heat shield (110), and is used for measuring current and voltage signals of a loop formed by the inner side, the outer side and external load resistance of the BASE tube (105).
2. The single tube Na-AMTEC experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the data acquisition system comprises a thermocouple assembly, an electrode lead and a digital multimeter;
the thermocouple assembly comprises a heating rod temperature thermocouple (71) arranged on a heating rod (108), a liquid sodium temperature thermocouple (72) arranged in a BASE tube (105), a BASE tube temperature thermocouple (73) arranged on the outer wall of the BASE tube (105), a heating device temperature thermocouple (74) arranged on the inner wall of a second heating device (109), and a heat shielding layer temperature thermocouple (75) arranged on the inner wall of a heat shielding layer (110);
the electrode lead comprises a BASE tube inner side electrode lead (81) with one end arranged in the BASE tube (105) and a BASE tube outer side electrode lead (82) with one end arranged on the outer side of the BASE tube (105), and the other end of the BASE tube inner side electrode lead (81) and the other end of the BASE tube outer side electrode lead (82) are respectively connected with two ends of an external load resistor to form the loop;
the digital multimeter is used for measuring current and voltage signals of a loop.
3. The single tube Na-AMTEC experimental apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that: a BASE pipe leakage detecting basin (111) positioned below the BASE pipe (105) is also arranged in the low-pressure cavity (107).
4. The single tube Na-AMTEC experimental apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that: the vacuum system (3) comprises a gas cold trap (31) and a vacuum unit (32), the vacuum unit (32) is connected with an inlet of the gas cold trap (31), and an outlet of the gas cold trap (31) is respectively communicated with a low-pressure cavity (107) and a high-pressure cavity (106).
5. The single tube Na-AMTEC experimental apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the first heating device is an electric heating wire wound on the outer wall of the experiment box (101) positioned on the upper side of the middle partition plate (104);
the second heating device (109) is an external heating cylinder;
the third heating device is an electric heating wire respectively wound on the outer walls of the No. 1 sodium storage tank (21) and the No. 2 sodium storage tank (22);
the fourth heating device is an electric heating wire wound on the outer wall of the purification cold trap (23).
6. The single tube Na-AMTEC experimental apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that: and 3 liquid level probes in the 1# sodium storage tank (21) and the 2# sodium storage tank (22) are respectively used for giving liquid level signals of three points, namely a bottom point, a middle point and a top point.
7. The single tube Na-AMTEC experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the BASE tube (105) is a regular U-shaped tube with the density of more than 96% and the beta' phase content of more than 96%.
8. A single tube Na-AMTEC experimental method is characterized in that: the single tube Na-AMTEC experimental apparatus of claim 1 is used, comprising the steps of:
1) air replacement of high pressure cavity (106) of experimental section (1)
1.1) opening a 9# air valve (59), starting a vacuum system (3), and observing a pressure gauge of the vacuum system (3);
1.2) when the pressure gauge is stable, closing a vacuum system (3) and a No. 9 air valve (59);
1.3) opening a 2# sodium valve (62), a 4# sodium valve (64) and a 1# air valve (51), and enabling argon of an argon source (4) to enter a high-pressure cavity (106) after sequentially passing through the 1# air valve (51), the 2# sodium valve (62) and the 4# sodium valve (64);
1.4) after the pressure of the high-pressure cavity (106) measured by the pressure gauge V110 reaches the experimental requirement, closing the 2# sodium valve (62) and the 4# sodium valve (64);
1.5) closing the 1# air valve (51), and finishing air replacement of the high-pressure cavity (106);
2) preheating
2.1) starting a first heating device, a second heating device (109), a third heating device and a fourth heating device, and starting a liquid level display power supply for a liquid level probe; and opening the data acquisition system;
2.3) when the temperature of the second heating device (109) reaches a set value, enabling the first heating device, the second heating device (109), the third heating device and the fourth heating device to enter a heat preservation state;
3) sodium injection by sodium pressing
3.1) checking whether the liquid level probes of the No. 1 sodium storage tank (21) and the No. 2 sodium storage tank (22) work normally, if so, executing the step 3.2), and if not, finishing or replacing the liquid level probes;
3.2) opening a 1# air valve (51) and a 2# air valve (52), filling argon into the 1# sodium storage tank (21) by an argon source (4), and then sequentially opening a 1# sodium valve (61), a 3# sodium valve (63) and a 5# sodium valve (65);
3.3) observing a liquid level display bulb for a liquid level probe of the 2# sodium storage tank (22), and if the bulb corresponding to the bottom liquid level probe is on, closing a 5# sodium valve (65), a 3# sodium valve (63) and a 1# sodium valve (61) in sequence; then closing the 2# air valve (52) and the 1# air valve (51);
3.4) opening the 1# air valve (51), opening the 2# sodium valve (62) and the 4# sodium valve (64), injecting liquid sodium in the quantitative pipe (24) into the BASE pipe (105) through the 4# sodium valve (64) and the sodium injection pipe (102), and closing the 2# sodium valve (62), the 4# sodium valve (64) and the 1# air valve (51) after sodium injection is completed;
4) initial experiment
4.1) turning on a power supply of a heating rod (108), heating liquid sodium in the BASE tube (105) and maintaining the liquid sodium at a set temperature, and then adjusting a second heating device (109) to ensure that the heat preservation effect of the second heating device on the BASE tube (105) meets the experimental requirements;
simultaneously starting a vacuum system (3) and a 4# air valve (54), and vacuumizing a low-pressure cavity (107) of the experimental section (1) until a vacuum gauge of the vacuum system (3) displays stable numerical values;
4.2) the other end of the electrode lead wire (81) on the inner side of the BASE tube and the other end of the electrode lead wire (82) on the outer side of the BASE tube are respectively connected with two ends of an external load resistor to form a loop for carrying out experiments, wherein the experiments comprise a pressure working condition experiment and a temperature working condition experiment;
pressure working condition experiment: opening a 1# air valve (51) and an 8# air valve (58), enabling argon of an argon source (4) to enter a high-pressure cavity (106) through the 1# air valve (51) and the 8# air valve (58) in sequence, and changing the pressure of the high-pressure cavity (106); in the pressure change process of the high-pressure cavity (106), the digital multimeter measures corresponding current and voltage signals under the pressure value in the loop, and calculates corresponding output power and thermoelectric conversion efficiency to obtain the influence of different pressure conditions on the output power and the thermoelectric conversion efficiency;
temperature working condition experiment: the temperature of liquid sodium in the BASE tube (105) is changed through the heating rod (108), the digital multimeter measures corresponding current and voltage signals under the temperature value, corresponding output power and thermoelectric conversion efficiency are calculated, and influences of different liquid sodium temperature conditions on the output power and the thermoelectric conversion efficiency are obtained.
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| US20140332046A1 (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2014-11-13 | Korea Institute Of Energy Research | Alkali metal thermal to electric converter system including heat exchanger |
| CN113035389A (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2021-06-25 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Novel alkali metal thermoelectric conversion nuclear reactor system of boiling alloy cooling reactor core |
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| US20140332046A1 (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2014-11-13 | Korea Institute Of Energy Research | Alkali metal thermal to electric converter system including heat exchanger |
| CN113035389A (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2021-06-25 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Novel alkali metal thermoelectric conversion nuclear reactor system of boiling alloy cooling reactor core |
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