CN113758529B - Experimental device and method for measuring liquid metal two-phase flow parameters - Google Patents
Experimental device and method for measuring liquid metal two-phase flow parameters Download PDFInfo
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- CN113758529B CN113758529B CN202111163029.8A CN202111163029A CN113758529B CN 113758529 B CN113758529 B CN 113758529B CN 202111163029 A CN202111163029 A CN 202111163029A CN 113758529 B CN113758529 B CN 113758529B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an experimental device and a method for measuring liquid metal two-phase flow parameters, wherein the experimental device comprises a liquid metal storage tank, a gas distributor, a bubbling tank, a conductivity probe system, a differential pressure gauge and a plurality of valve pipe fittings; gas phase provided by a gas source is injected into liquid metal in the bubbling tank through a gas distributor at the bottom of the bubbling tank to form a two-phase system, the average void fraction and the local time average void fraction of the two-phase system are respectively measured through a differential pressure gauge and a conductivity probe, and the gas phase emerging from the two-phase system is purified through a gas filter and then is discharged to the atmosphere through an exhaust valve; the device is specifically used for measuring average void fraction, radial distribution of void fraction and drift parameters in a liquid metal two-phase flow system under different gas phase apparent flow rates; the method provides experimental data support for developing and verifying a two-phase flow calculation model suitable for liquid metal; meanwhile, the device can repeatedly carry out experiments for many times, and the reliability of experimental results is enhanced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of experimental research on two-phase flow characteristics of liquid metal, and particularly relates to an experimental device and method for measuring two-phase flow parameters of liquid metal.
Background
Since the last century, liquid metal cooled reactors have been recognized as one of the most promising types of reactors in the fourth generation by virtue of their inherent safety, high thermal efficiency and unique advantages in nuclear fuel proliferation and nuclear waste transmutation. With the continuous and intensive research and design work of liquid metal cooled reactors, the safety assessment work of liquid metal cooled reactors becomes more and more necessary. The liquid metal two-phase flow phenomenon is widely applied to safety analysis work of the liquid metal cooled reactor, such as cracking accidents of heat transfer pipes of a steam generator, fission gas release accidents caused by fuel cladding breakage, covering gas entrainment and the like. When the gas phase in the liquid metal two-phase system enters the reactor core of the liquid metal cooling reactor, various transient changes, such as cavitation reactivity introduction accidents, heat transfer deterioration of the surface of a fuel cladding and the like, are triggered, so that the research on the flow characteristics of the liquid metal two-phase system is very necessary for the safety analysis of the liquid metal cooling reactor.
In current safety analysis work, the simulation of liquid metal two-phase systems continues to use much of the research experience of previous gas-water two-phase flow systems, since there are relatively few liquid metal two-phase flow experiments disclosed in the prior art. In fact, there is a great difference in physical and chemical properties between liquid metal and liquid water, so there is still a question whether the research experience of the gas-water two-phase flow system can be directly applied to the liquid metal two-phase system. Therefore, experimental research needs to be carried out on the liquid metal two-phase flow system, and support on a theoretical model is provided for design and safety analysis of the liquid metal cooling reactor. For the current research situation, most of the existing liquid metal two-phase system research is developed based on a loop type experimental device, and the research is mainly focused on the influence of gas phase on the natural circulation capacity of a liquid metal loop. In the method, the pool system is rarely researched due to the fact that most of the method is developed based on a loop type experimental device; the loop type experiment system needs more auxiliary support systems, and the experiment cost is high; the loop type system is mostly based on the aim of engineering verification experiments, so the mechanism is weak, and the research on the two-phase flow mechanism of the liquid metal is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an experimental device and a method for measuring the parameters of the two-phase flow of the liquid metal, and the experimental device is suitable for measuring the parameters of the two-phase flow of the liquid metal in pool type flow channels with different shapes. The method can effectively measure the average void fraction and the local time average void fraction in the liquid metal flowing system under different gas phase apparent flow rates, provides experimental data support for developing and improving a liquid metal two-phase flow calculation model, and simultaneously provides reference for verification of a numerical simulation program.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an experimental device for measuring parameters of a liquid metal two-phase flow comprises a liquid metal storage system 1, a gas distributor 2, a bubbling tank 3, a conductance probe system 4 and a differential pressure gauge 5, wherein a measuring hole is formed in the bubbling tank 3 and used for inserting a pressure guiding pipe of the differential pressure gauge 5 and a conductance probe of the conductance probe system 4, a nozzle below the bubbling tank 3 is connected with the liquid metal storage system 1, and the lower end of the bubbling tank 3 is fixedly connected with the upper end of the gas distributor 2;
the liquid metal storage system 1 is used for supplying/recovering liquid metal working media to the bubbling tank 3; the gas distributor 2 is used for injecting a gas phase into the liquid metal in the bubbling tank 3; the bubbling tank 3 is used for forming a liquid metal two-phase flow system; the conductance probe system 4 is used for measuring the transverse distribution of bubble share in the liquid metal two-phase flow system; the differential pressure gauge 5 is used for measuring the gravity pressure drop of the liquid metal two-phase flow system.
The liquid metal storage system 1 comprises a liquid metal storage tank 1-1 made of a high-temperature and high-pressure resistant metal material, storage tank electric heat tracing heat preservation cotton 1-2 arranged outside the liquid metal storage tank 1-1 and having heating and heat preservation functions, a pressurization pipeline 1-3 used for pressurizing covering gas, a pressure gauge 1-4 used for monitoring container pressure, an exhaust/pressure relief pipeline 1-5, a liquid metal supply/recovery pipeline 1-6 and liquid metal 1-7 stored in the liquid metal storage tank 1-1; wherein the liquid level of the liquid metal 1-7 is always kept below the bottom of the gas distributor 2, the upper part of the pressurizing pipeline 1-3 is connected with a high-pressure gas source, the lower part is kept above the liquid level of the liquid metal 1-7, and the pressurizing pipeline 1-3 is provided with an adjusting valve; the upper part of the exhaust/pressure relief pipeline 1-5 is connected with the atmosphere, the lower part is kept above the liquid metal level, a gate valve and a gas filter are arranged on the exhaust/pressure relief pipeline 1-5, and the gas filter is arranged below the gate valve; the pressure leading pipe of the pressure gauge 1-4 is connected between the gate valve of the exhaust/pressure relief pipeline 1-5 and the gas filter; the upper part of the liquid metal supply/recovery pipeline 1-6 is connected with the bubbling tank 3, the lower part thereof extends below the liquid metal level, and the liquid metal supply/recovery pipeline is provided with a gate valve for controlling the pipeline to open and close.
The gas distributor 2 is made of a high-temperature and high-pressure resistant metal material, and the gas distributor 2 comprises a gas injection pipeline 2-1, a gas cavity 2-2 and a gas needle 2-3; wherein, a gas flow regulating valve and a gas flowmeter are arranged on the gas injection pipeline 2-1, the gas flowmeter is arranged at the upstream of the gas flow regulating valve, one end of the gas injection pipeline 2-1 is connected with a gas source, and the other end is connected with the gas cavity 2-2; a plurality of air needles 2-3 are inserted on the top cover of the air cavity 2-2, the bottom ends of the air needles are positioned in the air cavity, and the top ends of the air needles extend into liquid metal 3-7 of the bubbling tank 3; the inner diameter of the gas needle 2-3 is not more than 3mm, and the depth of the gas needle 2-3 penetrating into the liquid metal 3-7 of the bubbling tank is not less than 30 mm.
The bubbling tank 3 comprises a high-temperature and high-pressure resistant metal container 3-1, metal container electric tracing heat-preservation cotton 3-3 which is arranged outside the metal container 3-1 and has heating and heat-preservation functions, a pressure gauge 3-4 for monitoring the pressure of the metal container, an exhaust pipeline 3-5, a liquid metal filling/recycling nozzle 3-6 and liquid metal 3-7 of the bubbling tank; wherein, a conductance measuring hole 3-2 for inserting a conductance probe 4-1 and a differential pressure measuring hole 3-8 for inserting two pressure guiding pipes of a differential pressure meter 5 are arranged on the metal container 3-1, a flexible sealing filler is filled in the conductance measuring hole 3-2, and the conductance probe 4-1 realizes transverse drawing/inserting movement; the gas filter and the regulating valve are arranged on the exhaust pipeline 3-5, the gas filter is arranged below the regulating valve, the upper part of the exhaust pipeline 3-5 is connected with the atmosphere, and the lower part is communicated with a gas covering area in the metal container 3-1; the pressure guiding pipe of the pressure gauge 3-4 is connected between the regulating valve of the exhaust pipeline 3-5 and the gas filter; the liquid metal filling/recovery nozzle 3-6 is positioned below the top of the gas needle 2-3 and no less than 20mm below the top of the gas needle 2-3.
The conductance probe system 4 comprises a conductance probe 4-1, a voltage acquisition card 4-2, a protection resistor 4-3, a direct current power supply 4-4 and a computer 4-5 connected with the voltage acquisition card 4-2; the conductance probe 4-1 comprises a metal electrode needle 4-1-1, a high-temperature-resistant insulating matrix 4-1-2 and a high-temperature-resistant metal sleeve 4-1-4, and a gap between the metal electrode needle 4-1-1 and the high-temperature-resistant insulating matrix 4-1-2 and a gap between the high-temperature-resistant insulating matrix 4-1-2 and the high-temperature-resistant metal sleeve 4-1-4 are filled and sealed by high-temperature-resistant insulating glue 4-1-3; the part of the tip of the metal electrode needle 4-1-1, which extends out of the high-temperature-resistant insulating matrix 4-1-2, is covered with a high-temperature-resistant insulating glue 4-1-3 coating, and the 0.3mm of the sharpest part of the metal electrode needle 4-1-1 is not covered with the high-temperature-resistant insulating glue 4-1-3; the anode of the direct current power supply 4-4 is connected with the protective resistor 4-3 and then is connected with the high temperature resistant metal sleeve 4-1-4 of the conductive probe 4-1, and the cathode of the direct current power supply 4-4 is connected with the tail part of the metal electrode needle 4-1-1; the "+" pole and the "-" pole of the voltage acquisition card 4-2 are respectively connected with the tail parts of the high-temperature resistant metal sleeve 4-1-4 and the metal electrode needle 4-1-1, the voltage between the metal sleeve 4-1-4 and the metal electrode needle 4-1-1 is acquired, when the needle point of the metal electrode needle 4-1-1 contacts liquid metal, the resistance between the high temperature resistant metal sleeve 4-1-4 and the metal electrode needle 4-1-1 tends to zero, the acquisition card captures low level, when the needle point of the metal electrode needle 4-1-1 contacts with bubbles, the resistance between the high-temperature resistant metal sleeve 4-1-4 and the metal electrode needle 4-1-1 tends to infinity, and the voltage acquisition card 4-2 captures a high level; and obtaining the local time-averaged cavitation bubble portion at the needle point of the metal electrode needle 4-1-1 according to the ratio of the high level and the low level quantity captured by the voltage acquisition card 4-2.
The experimental method of the experimental device for measuring the parameters of the two-phase flow of the liquid metal comprises the following specific experimental operation steps:
firstly, in a preparation stage before an experiment, a bubbling tank 3 is empty, a certain amount of liquid metal 1-7 is filled in a liquid metal storage system 1, valves on all other pipelines are closed except gate valves on exhaust/pressure relief pipelines 1-5 are opened, the liquid metal 1-7 is preheated to a required temperature by adjusting the heating power of storage tank electric tracing heat insulation cotton 1-2, and meanwhile, the heating power of metal container electric tracing heat insulation cotton 3-3 is adjusted to preheat the related pipelines and metal containers of the bubbling tank 3 to the required temperature;
closing a gate valve on the exhaust/pressure relief pipeline 1-5 at the beginning of the experiment, sequentially opening a regulating valve on the exhaust pipeline 3-5 and a gate valve on the liquid metal supply/recovery pipeline 1-6, opening a regulating valve on the gas injection pipeline 2-1 to inject gas into the metal container 3-1, gradually opening a regulating valve on the pressure pipeline 1-3, slowly pressing the liquid metal 1-7 into the metal container 3-1 under the action of a high-pressure gas source, sequentially closing the gate valve on the liquid metal supply/recovery pipeline 1-6 and the regulating valve on the pressure pipeline 1-3 when the liquid metal liquid level in the metal container 3-1 meets the requirement, then opening the gate valve on the exhaust/pressure relief pipeline 1-5 to relieve the pressure of the liquid metal storage tank 1-1, when the pressure of the pressure gauge 1-4 is reduced to the normal pressure, closing a gate valve on the exhaust/pressure relief pipeline 1-5;
in the experimental process, the heating power of the electric tracing heat preservation cotton 1-2 of the storage tank and the electric tracing heat preservation cotton 3-3 of the metal container is adjusted to keep the experimental system at a constant temperature, the gas phase flow is changed by adjusting an adjusting valve on the gas injection pipeline 2-1, the average cavitation bubble share of the liquid metal two-phase system under the current working condition is calculated through the gravitational pressure drop measured by a differential pressure gauge 5, and the average cavitation bubble share of the liquid metal two-phase flow system under the current working condition when the liquid metal two-phase flow system is local is measured by a conductivity probe system 4;
and fourthly, after the experiment is finished, opening a gate valve on the liquid metal supply/recovery pipeline 1-6 and a gate valve on the exhaust/pressure relief pipeline 1-5 in sequence, slowly recovering the liquid metal 3-7 in the bubbling pond into the metal container 1-1 under the action of gravity, keeping the gas injection pipeline 2-1 injecting gas into the metal container 3-1, closing the gate valve on the liquid metal supply/recovery pipeline 1-6, a regulating valve on the gas injection pipeline 2-1 and a regulating valve on the gas exhaust pipeline 3-5 in sequence after the liquid metal 3-7 in the bubbling pond in the metal container 3-1 is exhausted, closing the storage tank electric heat tracing heat insulation cotton 1-2 and the metal container electric heat tracing heat insulation cotton 3-3, and finishing the experiment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the device is a pool type device, and can fill up the blank of experimental research on the liquid metal two-phase system in the pool type channel at home and abroad;
2. the device needs fewer auxiliary systems, and has the advantages of low manufacturing cost, strong reliability, easy realization and strong operability;
3. the device can obtain more detailed experimental data of the liquid metal two-phase flow system, has strong mechanicalness, and has certain reference value for the research of a liquid metal two-phase flow calculation model.
In conclusion, the device can realize the measurement of the parameters of the liquid metal two-phase system in the pool-type channels with different shapes, the experimental device has the advantages of simple structure, low manufacturing cost and strong operability, and the experimental research method and thought of the liquid metal two-phase system are powerfully expanded.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an experimental apparatus for measuring two-phase parameters of liquid metal according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a liquid metal storage system 1 of an experimental apparatus for measuring two-phase parameters of liquid metal according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a gas distributor of an experimental apparatus for measuring two-phase parameters of liquid metal according to the present invention. Wherein fig. 3a is a front view of the gas distributor and fig. 3b is a top view of the gas distributor top cover.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a bubbling tank of an experimental apparatus for measuring two-phase parameters of liquid metal according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a conductance probe system of an experimental apparatus for measuring two-phase parameters of liquid metal according to the present invention. Wherein, fig. 5a is a schematic structural diagram of the conductance probe system, and fig. 5b is a schematic structural diagram of the conductance probe.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples of the specification:
as shown in fig. 1, the experimental apparatus for measuring two-phase parameters of liquid metal of the present invention includes a liquid metal storage system 1, a gas distributor 2, a bubbling tank 3, a conductivity probe system 4, and a differential pressure gauge 5. Wherein, the bubbling tank 3 is provided with a measuring hole for inserting a pressure guiding pipe of the differential pressure gauge 5 and a conductance probe of the conductance probe system 4, and the lower end of the bubbling tank 3 is fixedly connected with the upper end of the gas distributor 2.
The liquid metal storage system 1 is used for supplying/recovering liquid metal working media to the bubbling tank 3; the gas distributor 2 is used for injecting a gas phase into the liquid metal in the bubbling tank 3; the bubbling tank 3 is used for forming a liquid metal two-phase flow system; the conductance probe system 4 is used for measuring the transverse distribution of bubble share in the liquid metal two-phase flow system; the differential pressure gauge 5 is used for measuring the gravity pressure drop of the liquid metal two-phase flow system.
As shown in fig. 2, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the liquid metal storage system 1 comprises a liquid metal storage tank 1-1 made of SUS 316L type stainless steel, a storage tank electric heat tracing insulation cotton 1-2 wrapping a glass fiber electric heat tracing heating tape, a pressurizing line 1-3 for pressurizing a blanket gas, a pressure gauge 1-4 of type YN60 for monitoring a container pressure, an exhaust/pressure relief line 1-5, a liquid metal supply/recovery line 1-6, and a liquid lead bismuth alloy 1-7 stored in the liquid metal storage tank 1-1; wherein the liquid level of the liquid lead bismuth alloy 1-7 is always kept below the bottom of the gas distributor 2, the upper part of the pressurizing pipeline 1-3 is connected with an argon high-pressure gas source, the lower part is kept above the liquid level of the liquid metal 1-7, and the pressurizing pipeline 1-3 is provided with an ZXF-1 type gas regulating valve; the upper part of the exhaust/pressure relief pipeline 1-5 is connected with the atmosphere, the lower part is kept above the liquid metal level, the exhaust/pressure relief pipeline 1-5 is provided with a gate valve and a PTFE type gas filter, and the gas filter is arranged below the gate valve; the pressure introduction pipe of YN60 type pressure gauge 1-4 is connected between the gate valve of the exhaust/pressure relief pipeline 1-5 and the PTFE type gas filter; the upper part of the liquid metal supply/recovery pipeline 1-6 is connected with the bubbling tank 3, the lower part thereof extends below the liquid metal level, and the liquid metal supply/recovery pipeline is provided with a gate valve for controlling the pipeline to open and close.
The gas distributor 2 is made of SUS 316L type stainless steel, and the gas distributor 2 comprises a gas injection pipeline 2-1, a gas cavity 2-2 and a gas needle 2-3; wherein, a WL13H-320P type gas flow regulating valve and an LZB-3WB type gas flowmeter are arranged on the gas injection pipeline 2-1, the gas flowmeter is arranged at the upstream of the gas flow regulating valve, one end of the gas injection pipeline 2-1 is connected with an argon gas source, and the other end is connected with the gas cavity 2-2; a plurality of air needles 2-3 are inserted on the top cover of the air cavity 2-2, the bottom ends of the air needles are positioned in the air cavity, and the top ends of the air needles extend into liquid metal 3-7 of the bubbling tank 3; the inner diameter of the gas needle 2-3 is 0.75mm, and the depth of the gas needle 2-3 penetrating into the liquid metal 3-7 of the bubbling tank is 40 mm.
The bubbling tank 3 comprises a cylindrical metal container 3-1 made of SUS 316L stainless steel and having an inner diameter of 100mm, metal container electric tracing heat insulation cotton 3-3 wrapping a glass fiber electric tracing heating belt, an YN60 type pressure gauge 3-4 used for monitoring the pressure of the metal container, an exhaust pipeline 3-5, a liquid metal filling/recycling nozzle 3-6 and bubbling tank liquid metal 3-7, wherein the liquid metal of the bubbling tank is liquid lead-bismuth alloy; wherein, a conductance measuring hole 3-2 for inserting a conductance probe 4-1 and a differential pressure measuring hole 3-8 for inserting two pressure guiding pipes of a differential pressure meter 5 are arranged on the metal container 3-1, and high temperature resistant flexible graphite sealing filler is filled in the conductance measuring hole 3-2, so that the conductance probe 4-1 can realize transverse drawing/inserting movement; the exhaust pipeline 3-5 is provided with a PTEE type gas filter and an ZXF-1 type regulating valve, the gas filter is arranged below the regulating valve, the upper part of the exhaust pipeline 3-5 is connected with the atmosphere, and the lower part is communicated with a covering gas area in the metal container 3-1; the pressure guiding pipe of the pressure gauge 3-4 is connected between the regulating valve of the exhaust pipeline 3-5 and the gas filter; the liquid metal filling/recovery nozzle 3-6 is positioned below the top of the gas needle 2-3 and no less than 20mm below the top of the gas needle 2-3.
The conductance probe system 4 comprises a conductance probe 4-1, an ART-USB3202N type voltage acquisition card 4-2, a 100k omega protective resistor 4-3, a 5.0V direct current power supply 4-4 and a computer 4-5 connected with the voltage acquisition card 4-2; the conductance probe 4-1 comprises a tungsten steel metal electrode needle 4-1-1, an aluminum oxide ceramic high-temperature-resistant insulating matrix 4-1-2 and a stainless steel high-temperature-resistant metal sleeve 4-1-4, and a gap between the tungsten steel metal electrode needle 4-1-1 and the aluminum oxide ceramic high-temperature-resistant insulating matrix 4-1-2 and a gap between the aluminum oxide ceramic high-temperature-resistant insulating matrix 4-1-2 and the stainless steel high-temperature-resistant metal sleeve 4-1-4 are filled and sealed by JL-528 type high-temperature-resistant insulating glue 4-1-3; the part of the tip of the metal electrode needle 4-1-1, which extends out of the aluminum oxide ceramic high-temperature-resistant insulating matrix 4-1-2, is covered with a JL-528 type high-temperature-resistant insulating glue 4-1-3 coating, and the 0.3mm of the sharpest part of the tungsten steel metal electrode needle 4-1-1 is not covered with the JL-528 type high-temperature-resistant insulating glue 4-1-3; after the anode of a 5.0V direct current power supply 4-4 is connected with a 100k omega protective resistor 4-3, the anode is connected with a stainless steel high-temperature resistant metal sleeve 4-1-4 of a conductive probe 4-1, and the cathode of the 5.0V direct current power supply 4-4 is connected with the tail part of a tungsten steel metal electrode needle 4-1-1; the positive pole and the negative pole of an ART-USB3202N voltage acquisition card 4-2 are respectively connected with the tails of a stainless steel high-temperature-resistant metal sleeve 4-1-4 and a tungsten steel metal electrode needle 4-1-1, the voltage between the stainless steel high-temperature-resistant metal sleeve 4-1-4 and the tungsten steel metal electrode needle 4-1-1 is acquired, when the needle point of the tungsten steel metal electrode needle 4-1-1 contacts liquid lead bismuth, the resistance between the stainless steel high-temperature-resistant metal sleeve 4-1-4 and the tungsten steel metal electrode needle 4-1-1 tends to zero, the ART-USB3202N voltage captures the low level of the acquisition card, and when the needle point of the tungsten steel metal electrode needle 4-1-1 contacts bubbles, the resistance between the stainless steel high-temperature-resistant metal sleeve 4-1-4 and the tungsten steel metal electrode needle 4-1-1 tends to infinity, the ART-USB3202N voltage acquisition card 4-2 captures high level; the local time-averaged cavitation bubble portion at the needle point of the tungsten steel metal electrode needle 4-1-1 can be obtained according to the ratio of the high level and the low level quantity captured by the ART-USB3202N voltage acquisition card 4-2.
The invention relates to an experimental method of an experimental device for measuring parameters of a two-phase flow of liquid metal, which comprises the following specific experimental operation steps:
firstly, in a preparation stage before an experiment, a bubbling tank 3 is empty, a certain amount of liquid lead-bismuth alloy 1-7 is filled in a liquid metal storage system 1, valves on all other pipelines are closed except gate valves on an exhaust/pressure relief pipeline 1-5, the liquid metal 1-7 is preheated to a required temperature by adjusting the heating power of storage tank electric tracing heat insulation cotton 1-2, and meanwhile, the heating power of metal container electric tracing heat insulation cotton 3-3 is adjusted to preheat the relevant pipelines and metal containers of the bubbling tank 3 to the required temperature;
closing a gate valve on an exhaust/pressure relief pipeline 1-5 at the beginning of the experiment, sequentially opening a regulating valve on the exhaust pipeline 3-5 and a gate valve on a liquid metal supply/recovery pipeline 1-6, opening a regulating valve on an air injection pipeline 2-1 to inject air into a stainless steel container 3-1, gradually opening the regulating valve on the pipeline 1-3, slowly pressing a liquid lead bismuth alloy 1-7 into the stainless steel container 3-1 under the action of a high-pressure air source, sequentially closing the gate valve on the pipeline 1-6 and the regulating valve on the pressure pipeline 1-3 when the liquid level of the liquid lead bismuth in the stainless steel container 3-1 meets the requirement, then opening the gate valve on the exhaust/pressure relief pipeline 1-5 to relieve the pressure of the liquid metal storage tank 1-1, when the pressure of the pressure gauge 1-4 is reduced to the normal pressure, closing a gate valve on the exhaust/pressure relief pipeline 1-5;
in the experimental process, the heating power of the electric tracing heat preservation cotton 1-2 of the storage tank and the electric tracing heat preservation cotton 3-3 of the metal container is adjusted to keep the experimental system at a constant temperature, the gas phase flow is changed by adjusting an adjusting valve on the gas injection pipeline 2-1, the average cavitation bubble share of the liquid metal two-phase system under the current working condition is calculated through the gravitational pressure drop measured by a differential pressure gauge 5, and the average cavitation bubble share of the liquid metal two-phase flow system under the current working condition when the liquid metal two-phase flow system is local is measured by a conductivity probe system 4;
and fourthly, after the experiment is finished, opening a gate valve on the liquid metal supply/recovery pipeline 1-6 and a gate valve on the exhaust/pressure relief pipeline 1-5 in sequence, slowly recovering the liquid lead-bismuth alloy into the stainless steel metal container 1-1 under the action of gravity, keeping the pipeline 2-1 of the gas injection pipeline injecting gas into the stainless steel metal container 3-1, after the liquid lead-bismuth alloy in the stainless steel metal container 3-1 is exhausted, closing the gate valve on the liquid metal supply/recovery pipeline 1-6, a regulating valve on the gas injection pipeline 2-1 and a regulating valve on the pipeline 3-5 of the gas injection pipeline in sequence, closing the electric heat tracing heat insulation cotton 1-2 and the electric heat tracing heat insulation cotton 3-3 of the metal container, and finishing the experiment.
The foregoing is illustrative of the present invention in further detail in connection with specific preferred embodiments only, and the detailed description of the invention is not to be construed as limited thereto, since it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made to the above-described embodiments within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. An experimental device for measuring parameters of a liquid metal two-phase flow is characterized in that: the device comprises a liquid metal storage system (1), a gas distributor (2), a bubbling tank (3), a conductance probe system (4) and a differential pressure gauge (5), wherein a measuring hole is formed in the bubbling tank (3) and used for inserting a pressure guiding pipe of the differential pressure gauge (5) and a conductance probe of the conductance probe system (4), a nozzle below the bubbling tank (3) is connected with the liquid metal storage system (1), and the lower end of the bubbling tank (3) is fixedly connected with the upper end of the gas distributor (2);
the liquid metal storage system (1) is used for supplying/recovering liquid metal working media to the bubbling tank (3); the gas distributor (2) is used for injecting a gas phase into the liquid metal in the bubbling tank (3); the bubbling tank (3) is used for forming a liquid metal two-phase flow system; the conductance probe system (4) is used for measuring the transverse distribution of the bubble share in the liquid metal two-phase flow system; the differential pressure meter (5) is used for measuring the gravity pressure drop of the liquid metal two-phase flow system;
the liquid metal storage system (1) comprises a liquid metal storage tank (1-1) made of a high-temperature and high-pressure resistant metal material, storage tank electric heat tracing heat preservation cotton (1-2) arranged outside the liquid metal storage tank (1-1) and having heating and heat preservation functions, a pressurizing pipeline (1-3) used for pressurizing covering gas, a pressure gauge (1-4) used for monitoring the pressure of a container, an exhaust/pressure relief pipeline (1-5), a liquid metal supply/recovery pipeline (1-6) and liquid metal (1-7) stored in the liquid metal storage tank (1-1); wherein the liquid level of the liquid metal (1-7) is always kept below the bottom of the gas distributor (2), the upper part of the pressurizing pipeline (1-3) is connected with a high-pressure gas source, the lower part of the pressurizing pipeline is kept above the liquid level of the liquid metal (1-7), and the pressurizing pipeline (1-3) is provided with an adjusting valve; the upper part of the exhaust/pressure relief pipeline (1-5) is connected with the atmosphere, the lower part of the exhaust/pressure relief pipeline is kept above the liquid metal level, a gate valve and a gas filter are arranged on the exhaust/pressure relief pipeline (1-5), and the gas filter is arranged below the gate valve; the pressure leading pipe of the pressure gauge (1-4) is connected between the gate valve of the exhaust/pressure relief pipeline (1-5) and the gas filter; the upper part of the liquid metal supply/recovery pipeline (1-6) is connected with the bubbling tank (3), the lower part of the liquid metal supply/recovery pipeline extends below the liquid level of the liquid metal, and a gate valve is arranged on the liquid metal supply/recovery pipeline to control the pipeline to be opened and closed;
the gas distributor (2) is made of a high-temperature and high-pressure resistant metal material, and the gas distributor (2) comprises a gas injection pipeline (2-1), a gas cavity (2-2) and a gas needle (2-3); wherein, the gas injection pipeline (2-1) is provided with a gas flow regulating valve and a gas flowmeter which is arranged at the upstream of the gas flow regulating valve, one end of the gas injection pipeline (2-1) is connected with a gas source, and the other end is connected with the gas cavity (2-2); a plurality of air needles (2-3) are inserted on the top cover of the air cavity (2-2), the bottom ends of the air needles are positioned in the air cavity, and the top ends of the air needles extend into liquid metal (3-7) in the bubbling tank (3);
the bubbling tank (3) comprises a high-temperature and high-pressure resistant metal container (3-1), metal container electric heat tracing heat preservation cotton (3-3) which is arranged outside the metal container (3-1) and has heating and heat preservation functions, a pressure gauge (3-4) for monitoring the pressure of the metal container, an exhaust pipeline (3-5), a liquid metal filling/recycling nozzle (3-6) and liquid metal (3-7) of the bubbling tank; wherein the metal container (3-1) is provided with a conductance measurement hole (3-2) for inserting a conductance probe (4-1) and a differential pressure measurement hole (3-8) for inserting two pressure guiding pipes of a differential pressure meter (5), the conductance measurement hole (3-2) is filled with flexible sealing filler, and the conductance probe (4-1) is used for realizing transverse drawing/inserting movement; the gas filter and the regulating valve are arranged on the exhaust pipeline (3-5), the gas filter is arranged below the regulating valve, the upper part of the exhaust pipeline (3-5) is connected with the atmosphere, and the lower part of the exhaust pipeline is communicated with a gas area covered in the metal container (3-1); the pressure guiding pipe of the pressure gauge (3-4) is connected between the regulating valve of the exhaust pipeline (3-5) and the gas filter; the liquid metal filling/recovery nozzle (3-6) is positioned below the top of the gas needle (2-3);
the conductance probe system (4) comprises a conductance probe (4-1), a voltage acquisition card (4-2), a protective resistor (4-3), a direct current power supply (4-4) and a computer (4-5) connected with the voltage acquisition card (4-2); the electric conduction probe (4-1) comprises a metal electrode needle (4-1-1), a high-temperature-resistant insulating matrix (4-1-2) and a high-temperature-resistant metal sleeve (4-1-4), and a gap between the metal electrode needle (4-1-1) and the high-temperature-resistant insulating matrix (4-1-2) and a gap between the high-temperature-resistant insulating matrix (4-1-2) and the high-temperature-resistant metal sleeve (4-1-4) are filled and sealed by high-temperature-resistant insulating glue (4-1-3); the part of the tip of the metal electrode needle (4-1-1) extending out of the high-temperature-resistant insulating matrix (4-1-2) is covered with a high-temperature-resistant insulating glue (4-1-3) coating, and the most pointed part of the metal electrode needle (4-1-1) is not covered with the high-temperature-resistant insulating glue (4-1-3); the anode of the direct current power supply (4-4) is connected with the protective resistor (4-3) and then is connected with the high-temperature resistant metal sleeve (4-1-4) of the conductive probe (4-1), and the cathode of the direct current power supply (4-4) is connected with the tail part of the metal electrode needle (4-1-1); the positive pole and the negative pole of the voltage acquisition card (4-2) are respectively connected with the tail parts of the high-temperature-resistant metal sleeve (4-1-4) and the metal electrode needle (4-1-1), the voltage between the metal sleeve (4-1-4) and the metal electrode needle (4-1-1) is acquired, when the needle point of the metal electrode needle (4-1-1) is contacted with liquid metal, the resistance between the high-temperature-resistant metal sleeve (4-1-4) and the metal electrode needle (4-1-1) tends to zero, the acquisition card captures a low level, and when the needle point of the metal electrode needle (4-1-1) is contacted with bubbles, the resistance between the high-temperature-resistant metal sleeve (4-1-4) and the metal electrode needle (4-1-1) tends to infinity, a voltage acquisition card (4-2) captures a high level; and obtaining the local time-averaged cavitation bubble portion at the needle point of the metal electrode needle (4-1-1) according to the ratio of the high level and the low level quantity captured by the voltage acquisition card (4-2).
2. An experimental apparatus for two-phase flow parameter measurement of liquid metal according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inner diameter of the gas needle (2-3) is not more than 3mm, and the depth of the gas needle (2-3) penetrating into the liquid metal (3-7) of the bubbling tank is not less than 30 mm.
3. An experimental apparatus for two-phase flow parameter measurement of liquid metal according to claim 1, characterized in that: the liquid metal filling/recovery nozzle (3-6) is positioned below the top of the gas needle (2-3) and is not less than 20mm lower than the top of the gas needle (2-3).
4. An experimental apparatus for two-phase flow parameter measurement of liquid metal according to claim 1, characterized in that: the 0.3mm of the sharpest part of the metal electrode needle (4-1-1) is not covered with the high-temperature resistant insulating glue (4-1-3).
5. An experimental method of an experimental device for the two-phase flow parameter measurement of liquid metal as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the specific experimental operating steps are as follows:
firstly, in a preparation stage before an experiment, a bubbling tank (3) is empty, a certain amount of liquid metal (1-7) is filled in a liquid metal storage system (1), valves on all other pipelines are closed except a gate valve on an exhaust/pressure relief pipeline (1-5) is opened, the liquid metal (1-7) is preheated to a required temperature by adjusting the heating power of electric tracing heat insulation cotton (1-2) of a storage tank, and meanwhile, the pipeline and a metal container related to the bubbling tank (3) are preheated to the required temperature by adjusting the heating power of the electric tracing heat insulation cotton (3-3) of a metal container;
closing a gate valve on an exhaust/pressure relief pipeline (1-5), opening a regulating valve on the exhaust pipeline (3-5) and a gate valve on a liquid metal supply/recovery pipeline (1-6) in sequence, opening a regulating valve on an air injection pipeline (2-1) to inject air into a metal container (3-1), gradually opening a regulating valve on a pressure pipeline (1-3), slowly pressing liquid metal (1-7) into the metal container (3-1) under the action of a high-pressure air source, closing the gate valve on the liquid metal supply/recovery pipeline (1-6) and the regulating valve on the pressure pipeline (1-3) in sequence when the liquid metal liquid level in the metal container (3-1) meets the requirement, then opening the gate valve on the exhaust/pressure relief pipeline (1-5) to relieve the pressure of the liquid metal storage tank (1-1), when the pressure of the pressure gauge (1-4) is reduced to normal pressure, a gate valve on the exhaust/pressure relief pipeline (1-5) is closed;
in the experimental process, the heating power of the electric tracing heat preservation cotton (1-2) of the storage tank and the electric tracing heat preservation cotton (3-3) of the metal container is adjusted to keep the experimental system at a constant temperature, the gas phase flow is changed by adjusting an adjusting valve on an air injection pipeline (2-1), the average cavitation bubble share of the liquid metal two-phase system under the current working condition is calculated by the aid of the gravity pressure drop measured by a differential pressure gauge (5), and the local time average cavitation bubble share of the liquid metal two-phase flow system under the current working condition is measured by a conductivity probe system (4);
fourthly, after the experiment is finished, opening a gate valve on the liquid metal supply/recovery pipeline (1-6) and a gate valve on the exhaust/pressure relief pipeline (1-5) in sequence, slowly recovering the liquid metal (3-7) of the bubbling pool into the metal container (1-1) under the action of gravity, keeping the gas injection pipeline (2-1) injecting gas into the metal container (3-1) in the period, closing the gate valve on the liquid metal supply/recovery pipeline (1-6), an adjusting valve on the gas injection pipeline (2-1) and an adjusting valve on the exhaust pipeline (3-5) in sequence after the liquid metal (3-7) of the bubbling pool in the metal container (3-1) is discharged, closing the storage tank electric heat tracing heat insulation cotton (1-2) and the metal container electric heat tracing heat insulation cotton (3-3), the experiment was ended.
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