CN113933246A - Compact multiband full-polarization imaging device compatible with F bayonet lens - Google Patents
Compact multiband full-polarization imaging device compatible with F bayonet lens Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a compact multiband full-polarization imaging device compatible with an F-bayonet lens, which comprises a front rotary disc and a rear fixed disc which are mutually coupled and connected, wherein the front rotary disc is provided with an F-bayonet adapter ring for connecting the lens; a filtering rotating wheel, an 1/4 wave plate rotating unit and a linear polarizer unit are sequentially arranged between the front rotating disc and the rear fixed disc; the filtering rotating wheel is connected with a rear fixed disc through a filtering rotating wheel fixed shaft, and a CCD target surface connecting ring is arranged on the rear fixed disc; the inner end surface of the CCD target surface connecting ring is connected with the 1/4 wave plate rotating unit, and the outer end surface of the CCD target surface connecting ring is connected with the target surface of the CCD detector; the linear polarizer unit is arranged in the CCD target surface connecting ring, the front end of the device can be compatible with an F bayonet lens on the market, the aperture of an optical system can use a universal size element, and high-precision full-polarization information measurement is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of polarization imaging detection, in particular to a compact multiband full-polarization imaging device compatible with an F-bayonet lens.
Background
The light wave contains four independent information of amplitude, wavelength, phase and polarization, the polarization information is proved to be capable of effectively improving the contrast ratio of the target and the background, multi-dimensional information of the appearance characteristic, the complex refractive index of the material, the surface roughness and the like of the target can be obtained simultaneously, and the light wave has the new characteristics of weak light reinforcement and strong light weakening. The polarization state is usually characterized by a Stokes vector, only the first three components are usually used in the fields of polarization remote sensing and the like, but in some application fields (such as underwater imaging, defogging detection and the like), the fourth circular polarization component cannot be ignored, and the technology capable of acquiring all four components of the Stokes vector is called full-polarization imaging. Therefore, the development of scientific instruments such as high-precision polarimeters and full-polarization imaging devices has been the goal of people to pursue all the time.
The existing full-polarization imaging method mainly comprises simultaneous polarization imaging and time-sharing polarization imaging. Meanwhile, polarization imaging adopts a plurality of groups of polarization detection units to simultaneously acquire polarization information of a target, but the polarization imaging is large in size, complex in optical system and high in calibration difficulty, so that the accuracy of acquiring the polarization information is not high, and the polarization imaging is generally applied to occasions with low polarization accuracy requirements; the time-sharing polarization imaging adopts the single-group polarization detection unit to acquire the polarization information for multiple times, and has the advantages of small volume, compact structure, stable performance, easy acquisition of higher calibration precision and general positioning in scientific research-level high-precision polarization measurement.
Through retrieval, it is found that the authorization publication No. CN109343230A, which is ambitious in korean in 2018, discloses a simultaneous full-polarization imaging device and method, which can obtain full-polarization information, and has a large volume and a complex structure, and the inconsistency of the optical performance of each polarization detection unit is an error factor that cannot be eliminated in polarization detection by the method, so that the detection accuracy of the polarization information is not high. In 2020, von bin et al, published as "manufacturing method of a polarization detector of a defocused plane and a method for acquiring an orthogonal polarization image", published under No. CN111664943B, the method is to encapsulate a micro-array polarizer before a pixel of the detector, and the micro-array polarizer has smaller volume and weight, but has low spatial resolution, low extinction ratio and low precision.
Through search, the 'compact multiband full-polarization imaging automation device', an authorized publication No. CN104535187A, which was published in 2015, can perform multi-angle combination of polarization elements such as a filter, a phase retarder and a polarizer, but the three motors respectively drive the polarization elements, so that the vibration amplitude of the whole lens system is increased, and the precision of polarization imaging is reduced.
For obtaining the polarization information of the static target, considering the volume, the cost, the spatial resolution and the polarization precision, the time-sharing polarization imaging is the best choice. However, the problems of polarization state change, gaussian noise, poisson noise, polarization element characteristics (extinction ratio, phase delay amount) and the like of the optical system have important influence on the measurement accuracy of the polarization information, and a set of solution which is universal and easy to improve in accuracy needs to be explored.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the compact multiband full-polarization imaging device compatible with the F bayonet lens.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a compact multiband full-polarization imaging device compatible with an F-bayonet lens comprises a front rotary disc and a rear fixed disc which are coupled with each other, wherein the front rotary disc is provided with an F-bayonet adapter ring for connecting the lens; a filtering rotating wheel, an 1/4 wave plate rotating unit and a linear polarizer unit are sequentially arranged between the front rotating disc and the rear fixed disc; the filtering rotating wheel is connected with a rear fixed disc through a filtering rotating wheel fixed shaft, and a CCD target surface connecting ring is arranged on the rear fixed disc; the inner end surface of the CCD target surface connecting ring is connected with the 1/4 wave plate rotating unit, and the outer end surface of the CCD target surface connecting ring is connected with the target surface of the CCD detector; the linear polarizer unit is arranged in the CCD target surface connecting ring.
In the technical scheme, an F bayonet adapter ring interface is designed on a front rotary disc of the device, and the size design of a standard interface is adopted, so that the device is compatible with a universal lens on the market; scene target light rays pass through the universal lens, respectively pass through the filtering rotating wheel, the 1/4 wave plate rotating unit and the linear polarizer unit, finally enter the target surface of the CCD detector, trigger the CCD shutter to image, and obtain a full-polarization image of the current wave band; and the filtering rotating wheel and the 1/4 wave plate rotating unit respectively rotate at different angles, so that the image information of different wave bands and different 1/4 wave plate fast axis directions can be automatically acquired.
Specifically, the center of the filtering rotating wheel is positioned right above the center of the rear fixed disc.
Specifically, a high extinction ratio polarizer is installed in the linear polarizer unit as a fixed polarizer.
Preferably, leading rotatory disc includes the screw thread carousel, rearmounted fixed disc includes the screw thread fixed disk, leading rotatory disc and rearmounted fixed disc pass through screw thread carousel and screw thread fixed disk thread coupling and connect. The optical system of the whole device is sealed and shielded through the coupling connection of the front rotating disc and the rear fixed disc.
Specifically, the centers of circles of the front rotating disk and the rear fixed disk are coaxial, so that when the front rotating disk and the rear fixed disk are in coupling connection, the coupling positions of the two disks are ensured to be corresponding.
Specifically, a CCD target surface threaded ring is arranged on the outer side of the CCD target surface connecting ring, one end of the CCD target surface threaded ring is connected with the threaded fixing disc, and the other end of the CCD target surface threaded ring is tightly attached to the target surface of the CCD detector.
Preferably, the relative positions of the front rotating disc and the rear fixed disc are adjustable, and the distance adjustment range between the relative positions of the front rotating disc and the rear fixed disc is 16-30 mm. The relative position of the front rotary disc and the rear fixed disc is adjustable, so that the imaging field of view and the imaging distance are adjustable; the whole device has the advantage of compact optical structure, can adopt a polarizing element with smaller volume and power consumption, and realizes the reduction of the cost for obtaining the multiband full-polarization image.
Preferably, the thickness of the rear fixed disk is not more than 16 mm. The rear fixed disc with the thickness not greater than 16mm is arranged, so that the whole thickness of the full-polarization imaging device is reduced, and the distance from the rear end of the F bayonet to the CCD target surface meets the imaging focal length requirement.
In particular, the diameter of the rear fixed disk is less than 150 mm.
Preferably, the F bayonet adapter ring is of a circular ring structure, and seven threaded mounting holes are formed in the cross section of the outer end of the circular ring and are used for being compatible with an interface of an F lens. The F lens interface is matched with the F bayonet adapter ring and is connected with the front rotary disc through the F bayonet adapter ring.
Specifically, the F bayonet adapter ring is of a cylindrical structure, an inner ring is provided with a hole, an installation screw hole is formed in the outer side of the F bayonet adapter ring, and the F bayonet adapter ring is arranged under the center of the threaded turntable.
Preferably, a first stepping motor and a second stepping motor are arranged on the rear fixed disc, and a motor shaft of the first stepping motor passes through the rear fixed disc to be connected with the filtering rotating wheel; and a motor shaft of the second stepping motor penetrates through the rear fixed disc and is connected with the 1/4 wave plate rotating unit. The first stepping motor controls the filtering rotating wheel to rotate for different periods; the second stepper motor controls 1/4 the rotation of the wave plate rotation unit through different angles.
Specifically, two motor shafts are arranged on two sides under the center of the thread fixing disc and are symmetrically distributed.
Specifically, a first stepping motor and a second stepping motor are arranged on the rear end face of the rear fixed disc, the stepping motors are miniature low-frequency speed reducing motors, and a storage battery 12V 1A is used for power supply.
Preferably, the 1/4 wave plate rotating unit comprises a wave plate rotating ring, a wave plate mounting ring and a 1/4 wave plate, wherein the 1/4 wave plate is placed in the wave plate mounting ring, and the wave plate mounting ring is connected with the inner end face of the CCD target surface connecting ring; the wave plate rotating ring is connected with the second stepping motor. The second stepping motor drives the wave plate to rotate around the central shaft of the CCD target surface connecting ring, and the wave plate rotating ring drives the wave plate mounting ring and the wave plate to rotate.
Preferably, a locking hole is installed at the rear end of the CCD target surface connecting ring for locking the linear polarizer unit. The linear polarizer unit is fixed at the rear end of the inner side of the CCD target surface connecting ring through a locking hole.
Preferably, the filter wheel comprises a plurality of filter holes, and the diameters of the filter holes, the 1/4 wave plate rotating unit and the light passing holes of the linear polarizer unit are the same. The filter hole, the 1/4 wave plate rotating unit and the light passing hole of the linear polarizer unit are all of the same size, specifically 1 inch.
Specifically, follow filtering runner center, six filter holes of evenly distributed are equipped with the filter in the filter hole on the filtering carousel, and when the filtering runner rotated, the filter center that is located filtering runner minimum and F bayonet socket adapter ring sharing optical axis.
Preferably, the F bayonet adapter ring, the center of the filter hole at the lowest point of the filter rotating wheel, the 1/4 wave plate rotating unit, the linear polarizer unit and the CCD target surface connecting ring share the same optical axis. So that the scene target light rays pass through the universal lens, respectively pass through the filtering rotating wheel, the 1/4 wave plate rotating unit and the linear polaroid unit, and finally enter the target surface of the CCD detector.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the front rotary disc of the device is provided with an F bayonet adapter ring interface, and the size design of a standard interface is adopted, so that the device is compatible with a universal lens on the market; scene target light rays pass through the universal lens, respectively pass through the filtering rotating wheel, the 1/4 wave plate rotating unit and the linear polarizer unit, finally enter the target surface of the CCD detector, trigger the CCD shutter to image, and obtain a full-polarization image of the current wave band; the filtering rotating wheel and the 1/4 wave plate rotating unit respectively rotate by different angles, so that the full-polarization image information of different wave bands and different 1/4 wave plate fast axis directions can be automatically acquired;
(2) the invention has good universality, the front rotating disc is provided with an F bayonet adapter ring interface, the size design of a standard interface is adopted, the F lens on the market is compatible, and the device is connected to the rear end of the F bayonet lens; the filtering rotary hole, the 1/4 wave plate rotating unit and the linear polarizer unit adopt a universal 1-inch diameter design, so that universal devices with smaller volume and higher precision can be flexibly selected;
(3) the device has a compact structure, the filtering rotating wheel, the 1/4 wave plate rotating unit and the linear polarizer unit are fixed on a compact whole by the rear fixing disc, the total thickness of the device is less than 16mm, the diameter of the disc is less than 150mm, the distance from the rear end of the F bayonet to the target surface of the CCD detector meets the requirement of imaging focal length, the two stepping motors adopt miniature low-frequency speed reducing motors to meet the requirement of high-precision polarization imaging, the whole device has the advantages of compact optical structure, small volume, low power consumption and the like, and the realization of a portable spectrum polarization imager is possible;
(4) the invention adopts the mode of rotating the wave plate to carry out full-polarization imaging, does not need to rotate the linear polarization plate unit, only needs to set the polarization direction of the linear polarization plate unit at the horizontal direction, and can obtain a multiband full-polarization image only by rotating the filtering rotating wheel and the 1/4 wave plate rotating unit, thereby reducing the vibration of the system and improving the precision of obtaining polarization information in the polarization imaging process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention applied to multiband full polarization imaging;
FIG. 2 is a general view of the internal structure of the overall structure according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a rear mounting disk assembly of unitary construction according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a rear elevational view of the overall structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a side view of an overall structure according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a dimension diagram of a compatible F-bayonet adapter ring according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of a filter wheel size according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a 1/4 wave plate rotation cell size diagram according to an embodiment of the invention;
in the figure: 1. a front rotary disc; 101. f, bayonet adapter ring; 102. a threaded turntable; 2. a filtering rotating wheel; 3. 1/4 wave plate rotation unit; 301. a wave plate rotating ring; 302. a wave plate mounting ring; 4. a linear polarizer unit; 5. a fixed disc is arranged at the rear part; 501. a thread fixing disc; 502. a second stepping motor; 5021. a second stepping motor mounting base; 503. a CCD target surface connecting ring; 5031. a CCD target surface threaded ring; 5032. a locking hole; 504. a filtering rotating wheel fixing shaft; 505. a first stepper motor; 5051. first step motor mount pad.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be considered as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; may be mechanically connected, may be electrically connected or may be in communication with each other; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
The invention provides a compact multiband full-polarization imaging device compatible with an F-bayonet lens. The device front end can be compatible with F bayonet lens on the market, and the aperture of the optical system can use general size element, realizes the full polarization information measurement of higher accuracy. The multi-angle combination of optical elements such as a filter, a phase retarder, a polaroid and the like can realize the multi-band full-polarization parameter measurement of visible light and near infrared bands.
With reference to fig. 1, the present invention provides a compact multiband full-polarization imaging apparatus compatible with an F-bayonet lens, which is applied to a schematic diagram of multiband full-polarization imaging, and a dashed frame is an overall structural design diagram of this embodiment. Scene target light passes through the F-bayonet general lens, the filter rotating wheel, the achromatic 1/4 wave plate and the high extinction ratio linear polarizer respectively, finally enters the target surface of the CCD detector, and triggers the CCD shutter to image by matching with the control of the motor system, so that a multiband full-polarization image is obtained, and the image is stored in a computer.
With reference to fig. 2 and 3, a compact multiband full-polarization imaging device compatible with an F-bayonet lens includes a front rotary disk 1, a filter wheel 2, a 1/4 wave plate rotary unit 3, a linear polarizer unit 4, a rear fixed disk 5, and a motor system. The front rotary disc 1 comprises an F bayonet adapter ring 101 and a threaded rotary disc 102; the rear fixed disc 5 fixedly connects the filtering rotating wheel 2, the 1/4 wave plate rotating unit 3, the linear polarizer unit 4, the threaded fixed disc 501, the CCD target surface connecting ring 503, the filtering rotating wheel fixed shaft 504, the first stepping motor shaft 505 and the second stepping motor shaft 502 into a whole; the filtering rotating wheel fixing shaft 504 penetrates through the center of the filtering rotating wheel 2, so that the center of the filtering rotating wheel 2 is positioned right above the center of the rear fixing disc 5, the first stepping motor shaft 505 penetrates through the rear fixing disc 5 to control the filtering rotating wheel 2 to rotate, and the second stepping motor shaft 502 penetrates through the rear fixing disc 5 to control 1/4 wave plate rotating units 3 to rotate; the front rotary disc 1 and the rear fixed disc 5 are mutually coupled through the thread turntable 102 and the thread fixed disc 501 to form a compact closed disc.
Referring to fig. 4, the rear end of the threaded fixed disk 501 is provided with a first stepping motor mount 5051, a second stepping motor mount 5021 and a CCD target surface threaded ring 5031, the two motor mounts are disposed at two sides of the center of the threaded fixed disk 501 and are symmetrically distributed, and the length and width of the motors are both less than 28mm and the height is less than 38 mm.
Referring to fig. 5, the front rotary disk 1 and the rear fixed disk 5 can be coupled with the screw-fixed disk 501 by rotating the screw turntable 102, thereby forming a compact closed disk. The relative position adjustment range of the front rotating disc 1 and the rear fixed disc 5 is 16 mm-30 mm, the minimum thickness of the rear fixed disc is not more than 16mm, and the diameter is less than 150 mm.
With reference to fig. 6 and 2, the F bayonet adapter 101 is a cylinder, and has an outer ring diameter of 60.0mm, an inner ring diameter of 47.2mm, and an inner ring opening. Seven threaded mounting holes are arranged on the cross sections of the front ends of the outer ring and the inner ring, the diameter of each threaded mounting hole is 1.6mm, the threaded mounting holes are used for being connected with an F lens interface, and the overall thickness of the F bayonet adapter ring 101 is smaller than 6.0 mm.
Referring to fig. 7, the filtering wheel 2 is disposed on the filtering wheel fixing shaft 504, and six filtering holes are uniformly distributed on the filtering wheel 2 plate along the center of the filtering wheel. The outer diameter of the filtering rotating wheel 2 is less than 120.0mm, the centers of the six filtering holes are less than 90.0mm, and the diameter of each filtering hole is 25.4 mm.
Referring to fig. 8, the 1/4 wave plate rotation unit 3 includes a wave plate rotation ring 301 and a wave plate installation ring 302, the wave plate rotation ring 301 is connected to the second stepping motor 502, the wave plate installation ring 302 is placed in the CCD target surface connection ring 503, and the 1/4 wave plate rotation unit 3 is rotatable around the central axis of the CCD target surface connection ring 503.
Referring to fig. 4, the polarizer unit 4 is placed in the ring of the CCD target surface connecting ring 503, and the locking hole 5032 is installed at the rear end of the CCD target surface connecting ring 503 for locking the linearly polarizing plate unit 4 installed in the ring of the CCD target surface connecting ring 503.
The F-bayonet adapter ring 101, the center of the filter hole at the lowest point of the filter rotating wheel 2, the 1/4 wave plate rotating unit 3, the linear polarizer unit 4 and the CCD target surface connecting ring 503 share the same optical axis.
The diameters of the light-passing holes of the wave plate rotating unit 3 and the linear polarizer unit 4 of the filter rotating wheel filter holes 2 and 1/4 are the same.
Examples
The principle is shown in fig. 1, and the dashed line box is the principle diagram of the overall structure of the present embodiment. Scene target light passes through the F-bayonet general lens, the filtering rotating wheel, the achromatic 1/4 wave plate and the high extinction ratio linear polarizer respectively, finally enters the target surface of the CCD detector, and triggers the CCD shutter to image under the control of the motor system, so that a multiband full-polarization image is obtained, and the image is stored in a computer. In specific implementation, the focal length of the F-bayonet universal lens is adjusted, the first stepping motor 505 controls the filtering rotating wheel 2 to gate a waveband, the second stepping motor 502 controls 1/4 the wave plate rotating unit 3, the polarization direction of the polarizer plate unit 4 is arranged in a horizontal direction and fixed by the polarizer plate unit locking hole 5032, the 1/4 wave plate rotating unit 3 rotates at a plurality of different angles, each angle triggers the CCD shutter to image by the control circuit system, a full-polarization image of the current waveband is obtained through calculation, and the waveband is changed to obtain a multiband full-polarization image.
The main components used in this embodiment are described below:
(1) the filter adopts a Thorlabs dielectric film filter with the diameter phi of 25.4mm, the system adopts the wavelength commonly used in laboratories, and the central wavelength and the half bandwidth are 480 +/-10 nm, 540 +/-10 nm, 633 +/-10 nm, 670 +/-10 nm, 780 +/-10 nm and 850 +/-10 nm respectively.
(2)1/4 wave plate adopts Thorlabs achromatic 1/4 wave plate, model is AQWP10M-580, working wave band 350-.
Table 1 phase retardation amounts of six wavelengths used in this embodiment
(3) The linear polarizer adopts a Thorlabs nano-particle linear film polarizer, and the selectable models are respectively LPVISA100 extinction ratio 10000:1 (480) -580nm) and LPVIS100 extinction ratio: devices such as 100000:1(550-1100nm) and the like have the diameter of phi 25.4 mm.
(4) The stepping motor is a compact-size low-frequency speed reduction motor produced by Shenzhen Dingtuda electromechanical device Limited. The models of the second stepping motor 502 and the first stepping motor 505 are both DT28HS32, the positioning accuracy is better than 0.01 degrees, and the measurement accuracy of full-polarization imaging can be improved; the static moment is 1.2 N.m, the noise is less than 45dB, and the rotation with almost no vibration can be realized, so that the pixel-level dislocation of the polarization image is reduced. The length and the width of the machine body are both 28mm, 12V is used for supplying power, and the portable storage battery can be supported for supplying power.
(5) The CCD detector selects a back-illuminated SCMOS scientific research camera produced by German PCO company, the model is PCO edge4.2bi, the resolution is 2048x 2048, the corresponding range of the spectrum is 360nm-1100nm, the quantum efficiency is more than 90% @480nm-660nm, and the noise is read out: 1.8med e-/1.9rms e-, a dynamic range of not less than 26667: 1, 88.5dB, dark current: 0.2e-/pixel/s @ -25 ℃, air cooling refrigeration, lowest-25 ℃, and data transmission and power supply by adopting USB, and the portable notebook computer can be supported for transmission and power supply.
Therefore, the polarization control precision of the embodiment is high, (a) in the imaging mode, the imaging mode is designed to be a full-polarization imaging mode of a rotating wave plate and a fixed polarizer (RRFP), and the imaging mode has the advantages of few rotating assemblies, controllable precision and the like; (b) in the selection of optical components, the universal lens interface and the universal optical aperture are designed, so that a high-quality F lens, a narrow-band filter with higher precision, an achromatic 1/4 wave plate (350-; (c) in the selection of the stepping motor, the miniature low-frequency speed reducing motor (the positioning precision is better than 0.01 ℃) can prevent the image dislocation of multiple imaging to the maximum extent, is beneficial to improving the later-stage pixel level registration precision, and combines the calibration of (a), (b) and (c) with the whole optical system, thereby realizing high-precision full-polarization imaging;
the full-polarization imaging method by utilizing the device comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting the optical filter to be arranged on a filter rotating wheel 2, selecting the achromatic 1/4 wave plate to be arranged on a 1/4 wave plate rotating unit 3, wherein the retardation amount is shown in the data in the table 1, selecting the high extinction ratio polaroid to be arranged in a linear polaroid unit 4, placing the transmission axis of the polaroid in the horizontal direction, and recording the initial azimuth angle of the fast axis;
step 2: the first stepping motor 505 controls the filtering rotating wheel 2 to rotate for 1/6 periods, and the current wave band is gated;
and step 3: the second stepping motor 502 controls 1/4 wave plate rotating unit 3, and records the current azimuth angle of the fast axis;
and 4, step 4: focusing by using the F-bayonet universal lens, and adjusting exposure time until an image is clearest;
and 5: controlling a CCD shutter to image and acquiring an intensity image of the current wave plate azimuth angle;
step 6: changing the azimuth angle of the wave plate, keeping the exposure time unchanged, repeating the steps 3, 4 and 5, and calculating to obtain the full-polarization information of the current wave band;
and 7: and (4) changing the wave band, and repeating the processes of the steps 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 to obtain multiband full-polarization information.
The calculation method of the full-polarization imaging adopted by the embodiment is as follows:
the Stokes vector was obtained using a Rotating waveplate and Fixed polarizers, Rotating Retardier and Fixed Polarizer (RRFP). The algorithm adopts Fourier transform, and the calculation speed is higher. The wave plate with any delay amount can be selected to solve the full-polarization information, the method is more flexible, and the wave plates with other delay amounts can be replaced in actual use, wherein the 1/4 wave plates are used in the embodiment. The Stokes vector of the scene target light is set as S ═ I, Q, U, V]TAccording to the full-polarization imaging theory, the horizontal direction is set as the reference direction, and the light intensity I reaching the target surface of the CCD detectorccdIs composed of
Wherein α and β are the azimuth angles of the transmission axis and the fast axis of the polarizer and the wave plate, respectively, wherein the azimuth angles are all relative to the reference direction, and δ is the retardation of the wave plate, wherein δ can be any retardation value, and this embodiment takes table 1 as an example. In the full polarization imaging process, alpha and delta can be kept unchanged, and I is obtained by the formula (1)ccdThe light intensity of the incident light is modulated by the rotating wave plate only as a function of beta, and then a light intensity signal I detected by the CCD is obtainedccdCan be expressed as follows using Fourier series
In the formula, beta is the azimuth angle of the fast axis of the wave plate, and when the transmission axis of the polarizer is in the horizontal direction, the Fourier coefficient a can be easily obtained by changing the direction of the fast axis of the wave plate0,a2,a4,b2,b4. Let beta0Combining the initial azimuth angle of the fast axis of the wave plate with the formulas (1) and (2), the Stokes parameter S of the scene target light can be obtained as [ I, Q, U, V ═]TPolarization information such as linear polarization degree, circular polarization degree, polarization angle and ellipsometry angle, and the calculation formula is as follows
Degree of linear polarization:
degree of circular polarization:
full polarization degree:
polarization angle:
an ellipse deviation angle:
the automatic multi-angle combination and high expansibility are realized, the motor system automatically controls the filtering rotating wheel and the 1/4 wave plates to rotate, and the image information of different wave bands and different 1/4 wave plate fast axis directions is automatically acquired, so that four Stokes scores are automatically acquired. The full-polarization imaging device provided by the embodiment has the characteristics of good compatibility, compact structure, strong expansibility, flexible use and the like, can be used for multi-angle combination of elements such as a filter plate, a phase retarder, a polarizing plate and the like, and has important application value for researching the problems of polarization state change, multi-band full-polarization parameters, measurement accuracy and the like in an optical system.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A compact multiband full-polarization imaging device compatible with an F-bayonet lens is characterized by comprising a front rotary disc and a rear fixed disc which are mutually coupled and connected, wherein the front rotary disc is provided with an F-bayonet adapter ring for connecting the lens; a filtering rotating wheel, an 1/4 wave plate rotating unit and a linear polarizer unit are sequentially arranged between the front rotating disc and the rear fixed disc; the filtering rotating wheel is connected with a rear fixed disc through a filtering rotating wheel fixed shaft, and a CCD target surface connecting ring is arranged on the rear fixed disc; the inner end surface of the CCD target surface connecting ring is connected with the 1/4 wave plate rotating unit, and the outer end surface of the CCD target surface connecting ring is connected with the target surface of the CCD detector; the linear polarizer unit is arranged in the CCD target surface connecting ring.
2. The compact multiband full-polarization imaging device of claim 1, wherein the front rotating disc comprises a threaded turntable, the rear fixing disc comprises a threaded fixing disc, and the front rotating disc and the rear fixing disc are connected by threaded coupling of the threaded turntable and the threaded fixing disc.
3. The compact multiband full-polarization imaging device compatible with the F-bayonet lens, according to claim 1, wherein the relative positions of the front rotating disk and the rear fixed disk are adjustable, and the distance between the relative positions of the front rotating disk and the rear fixed disk is adjusted within a range of 16mm to 30 mm.
4. The compact multiband full-polarization imaging device compatible with the F-bayonet lens according to claim 3, wherein the thickness of the rear fixed disk is not more than 16 mm.
5. The compact multiband full-polarization imaging device compatible with the F-bayonet lens as claimed in claim 1, wherein the F-bayonet adapter ring is a ring structure, and seven threaded mounting holes are formed in the cross section of the outer end of the ring for being compatible with an interface of the F-bayonet lens.
6. The compact multiband full-polarization imaging device compatible with the F-bayonet lens, according to claim 1, wherein a first stepping motor and a second stepping motor are arranged on the rear fixed disk, and a motor shaft of the first stepping motor passes through the rear fixed disk and is connected with the filtering rotating wheel; and a motor shaft of the second stepping motor penetrates through the rear fixed disc and is connected with the 1/4 wave plate rotating unit.
7. The compact multiband full-polarization imaging device compatible with the F-bayonet lens, according to claim 6, wherein the 1/4 wave plate rotating unit comprises a wave plate rotating ring, a wave plate mounting ring and a 1/4 wave plate, the 1/4 wave plate is placed in the wave plate mounting ring, and the wave plate mounting ring is connected with the inner end face of the CCD target surface connecting ring; the wave plate rotating ring is connected with the second stepping motor.
8. The compact multiband full-polarization imaging device compatible with the F-bayonet lens according to claim 1, wherein the rear end of the CCD target surface connecting ring is provided with a locking hole for locking the linear polarizer unit.
9. The compact multiband full-polarization imaging device compatible with the F-bayonet lens, according to claim 1, wherein the filter wheel comprises a plurality of filter holes, and the diameters of the filter holes, the 1/4 wave plate rotation unit and the light passing hole of the linear polarizer unit are the same.
10. The compact multiband full-polarization imaging device compatible with the F-bayonet lens, according to claim 9, wherein the F-bayonet adapter ring, the center of the filter hole at the lowest point of the filter rotating wheel, the 1/4 wave plate rotating unit, the linear polarizer unit and the CCD target surface connecting ring are coaxial.
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