CN113932939A - Ferromagnetic resonance temperature measurement method based on field sweeping method - Google Patents
Ferromagnetic resonance temperature measurement method based on field sweeping method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a ferromagnetic resonance temperature measurement method based on a field sweeping method, which comprises the following steps: applying a static magnetic field to a measured object containing the ferromagnetic nano particles to saturate and magnetize the ferromagnetic nano particles; applying an alternating pulsed excitation magnetic field in a direction perpendicular to the static magnetic field; determining the magnetic field intensity of the static magnetic field when the ferromagnetic nano particles generate ferromagnetic resonance by a field sweeping method; and calculating the temperature of the measured object according to the determined magnetic field intensity of the static magnetic field, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
the method provided by the invention measures the temperature through the established relation model of the magnetic field intensity and the temperature of the external static magnetic field, has simple model form and simple and convenient measuring method, can realize the quick and simple measurement of the internal temperature of the measured object, and has high measuring accuracy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of temperature measurement, in particular to a method for measuring temperature by utilizing ferromagnetic nanoparticles.
Background
The temperature is an important index for reflecting the internal state of the object to be measured, and accurate and rapid measurement of the temperature is very important in many cases. The temperature measurement method can be generally divided into contact temperature measurement and non-contact temperature measurement, and compared with the contact temperature measurement, the non-contact temperature measurement can obtain a more accurate temperature measurement result because the temperature field of a measured object cannot be damaged.
Ferromagnetic nanoparticles have been used for temperature measurement in many fields and occasions due to their unique magnetic properties, and are suitable for use in non-contact temperature measurement because they are of a nano-scale, and the basic principle thereof is to add ferromagnetic nanoparticles to a measured object, for example, injected into a human body or inside a material or coated on the surface of a material, and then calculate temperature information of the measured object by measuring a certain physical quantity of ferromagnetic nanoparticles and based on a mathematical model established. The existing non-contact temperature measurement method for ferromagnetic nanoparticles mainly comprises the following steps:
1. temperature measurement is carried out based on the temperature dependence of the reciprocal magnetic susceptibility of ferromagnetic nanoparticles after magnetization in a static magnetic field, but the measurement time of the method is long, and the application requirement of rapid temperature measurement is difficult to meet.
2. Temperature measurement is carried out based on the temperature dependence of the magnetization intensity of the ferromagnetic nanoparticles under the excitation of a single-frequency alternating-current magnetic field, but the method needs to measure the higher harmonics of the magnetization response of the ferromagnetic nanoparticles, thereby increasing the difficulty of measurement.
3. Temperature measurement is carried out based on the relation between the amplitude of the homogeneous harmonic or even harmonic of the magnetization response of the ferromagnetic nano particles and the temperature, but the corresponding temperature measurement model is complex, and the complexity of measurement and processing is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a ferromagnetic resonance temperature measurement method based on a field sweeping method, in order to realize simple, convenient and quick non-contact temperature measurement based on ferromagnetic nanoparticles.
The invention provides a ferromagnetic resonance temperature measurement method based on a field sweeping method, which comprises the following steps:
applying a static magnetic field to a measured object containing the ferromagnetic nano particles to saturate and magnetize the ferromagnetic nano particles;
applying an alternating pulsed excitation magnetic field in a direction perpendicular to the static magnetic field;
determining the magnetic field intensity of the static magnetic field when the ferromagnetic nano particles generate ferromagnetic resonance by a field sweeping method;
and calculating the temperature of the measured object according to the determined magnetic field intensity of the static magnetic field, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein T is the temperature of the measured object in units of K, mu0Is the vacuum permeability in Tm/A, H0Is the determined magnetic field strength of the static magnetic field in units of A/m, f0The frequency of the alternating pulse excitation magnetic field in the scanning field is GHz and gammaeIs the magnetic rotation ratio of electrons with the unit of GHz/T, kBIs the boltzmann constant in J/K, and θ is the nutation angle of the macroscopic magnetization in rad.
Optionally, the nutation angle is calculated by the following formula:
θ＝γeμ0H1Tp，
wherein H1Is the amplitude of the magnetic field intensity of the alternating pulse excitation magnetic field, and the unit is A/m, TpIs the pulse width of the alternating pulse excitation magnetic field, with the unit being ps.
Alternatively, the applying of the static magnetic field is performed using a permanent magnet, a helmholtz coil, or an electromagnet.
Optionally, the alternating pulsed excitation magnetic field is a pulsed microwave field or a pulsed radio frequency field.
The ferromagnetic resonance temperature measurement method based on the field sweeping method provided by the invention measures the temperature through the established relation model of the magnetic field intensity and the temperature of the external static magnetic field, has simple model form and simple and convenient measurement method, can realize the quick and simple measurement of the internal temperature of the measured object, and has high measurement accuracy.
The above and other objects, advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of specific embodiments thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
Some specific embodiments of the invention will be described in detail hereinafter, by way of illustration and not limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers in the drawings identify the same or similar elements or components. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a ferromagnetic resonance temperature measurement method based on a field sweeping method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermometric apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the measured variation of the magnetic field strength of an externally applied static magnetic field with temperature according to a simulation example of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows the temperature T as a function of H measured by the scanning method and modeled by the magnetic field intensity of the static magnetic field in the above simulation example0And the real temperature T estimated from the calibration curve2With H0A change curve;
FIG. 5 is a graph of measurement error as a function of temperature for the above simulation example.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The existing research proves that the ferromagnetic resonance frequency of the ferromagnetic nano-particles has temperature dependence, and the ferromagnetic resonance frequency is also related to an external magnetic field. The invention is based on the principle that an external static magnetic field is taken as a condition, a relation model of the external static magnetic field and the temperature based on a sweeping field method is constructed by analyzing, deducing and testing the free energy of an atomic spin system, the model is simple in form, the measuring method is simple and convenient, the rapid and simple measurement of the internal temperature of the measured object can be realized, and the measuring accuracy is very high.
The following describes in detail a specific embodiment of the ferromagnetic resonance thermometry method based on the field sweeping method according to the present invention with reference to fig. 1-5. Fig. 1 shows the steps of an example of the method, and fig. 2 shows the thermometric apparatus used in the above example of the method. The temperature measuring equipment comprises an electromagnet 1, a microwave source 2, a resonant cavity 3, a microwave circulator 4, a detector 5, a phase-locked amplifier 6 and a computer processing system 7.
As shown in fig. 1, the method includes:
s01: applying a static magnetic field to the object to be measured containing the ferromagnetic nanoparticles saturates and magnetizes the ferromagnetic nanoparticles.
As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the electromagnet 1 is used as the static magnetic field applying device, but in other embodiments, a permanent magnet, a helmholtz coil, or the like may be used as the static magnetic field applying device. The nanoparticles of ferromagnetic material, such as Fe, having a particle size of 5-10nm may be selected3O4Etc. ferrite materials. The mode of adding the ferromagnetic nanoparticles into the object to be measured is determined according to the actual situation, for example, when the temperature of a human body is measured, the ferromagnetic nanoparticles can be wrapped by organic molecules to be made into a contrast agent, and the contrast agent is injected into the human body subcutaneously; for another example, when measuring the temperature of a certain material, the ferromagnetic nanoparticles can be coated on the surface of the material to be measured.
S02: an alternating pulsed excitation magnetic field is applied in the vertical direction of the static magnetic field.
The alternating pulse excitation magnetic field is generated by an electromagnetic wave source, and in the embodiment, the alternating pulse excitation magnetic field is a pulse microwave field and is generated by a microwave source 2. The resonant cavity 3 is arranged between the two pole heads of the electromagnet 1, and the object to be measured is arranged in the resonant cavity 3. The pulse microwave generated by the microwave source 2 is applied to the object to be measured through the microwave circulator 4 in a direction perpendicular to the static magnetic field, that is, the direction of the alternating pulse excitation magnetic field is perpendicular to the static magnetic field. In other embodiments, a pulsed radio frequency field may be used instead of a pulsed microwave field as the alternating pulsed excitation magnetic field.
S03: and determining the magnetic field intensity of the static magnetic field when the ferromagnetic nano particles generate ferromagnetic resonance by a field sweeping method. That is, the magnetic field strength of the applied static magnetic field is changed while the power and frequency of the alternating pulse excitation magnetic field are kept constant, and the magnetic field strength of the static magnetic field at the time of generating ferromagnetic resonance is obtained.
Specifically, in this step, the magnetic field strength of the static magnetic field is changed while the applied alternating pulse excitation magnetic field is kept constant, that is, while the power and frequency are not changed, the reflected power in the resonant cavity 3 enters the detector 5 through the microwave circulator 4, and since the ferromagnetic nanoparticles absorb a part of the microwave power, the reflected power is reduced, and the detector 5 detects an amplitude signal of the reflected power corresponding to each magnetic field strength during the scanning of the static magnetic field and converts it into a dc voltage signal. The DC voltage signal is amplified by the phase-locked amplifier 6 and recorded in the computer processing system 7. When the amplitude of the direct current voltage is reduced to the minimum, the magnetic field intensity of the corresponding static magnetic field is the magnetic field intensity of the static magnetic field when the ferromagnetic nano particles to be determined generate the ferromagnetic resonance. Since the field-sweeping detection of the ferromagnetic resonance frequency is known in the art, it is only briefly described here as an example.
S04: and calculating the temperature of the measured object according to the determined magnetic field intensity of the static magnetic field, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, mu0Is the vacuum permeability in Tm/A, H0Is the magnetic field strength of the determined static magnetic field, in units of A/m, f0The frequency of the alternating pulse excitation magnetic field during the field sweeping is a fixed value and has the unit of GHz and gammaeIs the magnetic rotation ratio of electrons with the unit of GHz/T, kBIs Boltzmann constant in J/K, and θ is the nutation angle of macroscopic magnetization, and can be excited by the magnetic field intensity of the alternating pulse excitation magnetic field or the amplitude sum of the magnetic induction intensityThe pulse width is calculated in rad. The macroscopic magnetization is the macroscopic magnetization of the uncoupled free electron spin after the ferromagnetic nanoparticles have been magnetized. As can be seen, the above parameters are known, and the absolute temperature T in K inside the object to be measured can be calculated by the above formula.
In this embodiment, the nutation angle is calculated by the following equation:
θ＝γeμ0H1Tp
wherein H1Is the amplitude of the magnetic field intensity of the alternating pulse excitation magnetic field, and the unit is A/m, TpIs the pulse width of the alternating pulsed excitation magnetic field in ps (picosecond).
Simulation example
In order to verify the feasibility of the ferromagnetic resonance temperature measurement method based on the field sweeping method, the inventor designs a simulation experiment according to the invention content to repeatedly verify the method, and the following description is given by a specific example:
adding a ferromagnetic nanoparticle solution into a measured object, placing the measured object in a static magnetic field, and carrying out saturation magnetization on the ferromagnetic nanoparticles;
generating a certain magnetic induction intensity amplitude mu by a microwave source0H1＝10-4T, controlling the frequency f thereof0197GHz, pulse width TpControlling at 1.5ps, applying microwave pulse excitation in the direction perpendicular to static magnetic field via microwave circulator, and controlling at f0Changing the magnetic field strength H of the static magnetic field under the condition of no change0By detecting the resonance absorption signal by a detector, and detecting the magnetic field intensity H of the static magnetic field when ferromagnetic resonance occurs0. Gyromagnetic ratio gamma of electronseCan be calculated from the following formula:
wherein g is a Lande factor, and is 2, meIs the mass of the electron, e is the charge of the electron, where γ is takene＝1.76×107rad/(s·Oe)＝176GHz/T。
Taking mu0＝1.26×10-6Tm/A，kB＝1.38×10-23J/K, theta are measured by the amplitude mu of the microwave magnetic induction0H1And a pulse width TpCalculating, heating the measured object to 333K, naturally cooling, recording the temperature of the measured object in real time by a temperature-sensitive sensor, enabling the measured object to reach ferromagnetic resonance by a sweeping field every time when the temperature of the measured object is reduced by 1K, and recording the magnetic field intensity H of a static magnetic field0Until the temperature drops to 273K.
Based on the magnetic field strength H of the static magnetic field measured at a determined temperature T0Can draw a temperature calibration curve T-H0The curves are shown in fig. 3. H measured by the field sweeping method0Respectively substituted into the model, and can be inverted by model calculation to correspond to each H0The temperature T of (1). Then through H0H from calibration curve0Comparing and estimating the real temperature T at the moment2From the resulting points, H is plotted0-T curve and H0-T2The curves are shown in fig. 4. The temperature T inverted from the model calculation and the real temperature T2Comparing to obtain absolute error epsilon ═ T-T2As shown in fig. 5, it can be seen that the absolute error of the model is less than 0.05K.
It can be seen from the above embodiments and simulation examples provided by the present invention that the present invention provides a new idea and a new method for non-contact temperature measurement using ferromagnetic nanoparticles, compared with the previous temperature measurement model, the temperature model based on the field sweeping method established from the perspective of ferromagnetic resonance frequency is simple in form, the temperature of the measured object can be calculated only by measuring the magnetic field strength of the external static magnetic field, and the measurement method is simple and easy to implement. The verification proves that the temperature measurement model adopted by the invention has high temperature measurement precision and good anti-noise performance when the signal-to-noise ratio is more than 90 decibels.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (4)
1. A ferromagnetic resonance temperature measurement method based on a field sweeping method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
applying a static magnetic field to a measured object containing the ferromagnetic nano particles to saturate and magnetize the ferromagnetic nano particles;
applying an alternating pulsed excitation magnetic field in a direction perpendicular to the static magnetic field;
determining the magnetic field intensity of the static magnetic field when the ferromagnetic nano particles generate ferromagnetic resonance by a field sweeping method;
and calculating the temperature of the measured object according to the determined magnetic field intensity of the static magnetic field, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein T is the temperature of the measured object in units of K, mu0Is the vacuum permeability in Tm/A, H0Is the determined magnetic field strength of the static magnetic field in units of A/m, f0The frequency of the alternating pulse excitation magnetic field in the scanning field is GHz and gammaeIs the magnetic rotation ratio of electrons with the unit of GHz/T, kBIs the boltzmann constant in J/K, and θ is the nutation angle of the macroscopic magnetization in rad.
2. The ferromagnetic resonance temperature measurement method based on the field sweeping method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the nutation angle is calculated by the following formula:
θ＝γeμ0H1Tp，
wherein H1Is the amplitude of the magnetic field intensity of the alternating pulse excitation magnetic field, and the unit is A/m, TpIs the pulse width of the alternating pulse excitation magnetic field, with the unit being ps.
3. The ferromagnetic resonance temperature measurement method based on the field sweeping method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the static magnetic field is applied by a permanent magnet, a Helmholtz coil or an electromagnet.
4. The ferromagnetic resonance temperature measurement method based on the field sweeping method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the alternating pulse excitation magnetic field is a pulse microwave field or a pulse radio frequency field.
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| CN113820033B (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2023-07-14 | 郑州轻工业大学 | Temperature measurement method based on ferromagnetic resonance frequency |
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