CN113932783B - Solar edge detection instrument - Google Patents

Solar edge detection instrument Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113932783B
CN113932783B CN202111217036.1A CN202111217036A CN113932783B CN 113932783 B CN113932783 B CN 113932783B CN 202111217036 A CN202111217036 A CN 202111217036A CN 113932783 B CN113932783 B CN 113932783B
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solar
detector
sun
telescope
edge
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CN113932783A (en
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陈波
王海峰
韩振伟
宋克非
毛石磊
郭权锋
王蕴琦
何玲平
张宏吉
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Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and Physics of CAS
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Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and Physics of CAS
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/10—Segmentation; Edge detection
    • G06T7/11—Region-based segmentation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/10—Segmentation; Edge detection
    • G06T7/12—Edge-based segmentation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/10—Segmentation; Edge detection
    • G06T7/13—Edge detection

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of optical-mechanical-electrical integration equipment, a solar edge detecting instrument is provided, include light filter system, telescope primary mirror, telescope secondary mirror in proper order, cut apart slit, detector, signal processing unit, solar light through the light filter system becomes monochromatic solar radiation, and solar radiation warp the telescope primary mirror telescope secondary mirror, and by cut apart the slit and cut apart into a plurality of little regions with the sun image, image to on the image plane of detector, warp again the signal processing unit enlargies and handles the light signal in to the detector, obtains solar edge information and central point information. The detecting instrument has the advantages of simple structure and high reliability of the used photoelectric device, and can accurately monitor the change of the sun position.

Description

Solar edge detection instrument
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of optical, mechanical and electronic integrated equipment, in particular to a solar edge detection instrument.
Background
The sun is used as a fixed star nearest to the sun, the motion rule of the sun is stable, the radiation characteristic of a visible light wave band is stable, the sun is a good reference star in the space, and the sun can be used as a reference object for pointing and moving. Meanwhile, the sun is the main source of earth energy, the change and evolution process of the sun has great influence on the earth, and the research on the sun is also the important research direction of numerous astronomy and physicists, so that the research on invariable instruments pointing to the sun is also the necessary equipment for developing sun observation. In order to accurately and effectively observe the sun with high precision for a long time, precise sun edge position information needs to be provided, the sun center position is obtained through calculation, and accurate position information is provided for sun observation data.
In the past, the technical means for detecting the solar edge is few, the measurement accuracy is not high, and the solar edge position can be measured only by a solar telescope consisting of an area array detector. However, in the area array detector, the acquired image is discontinuous, the resolution is determined by the pixel size of the detector, and high-precision edge information cannot be obtained. In addition, the method for acquiring the image by using the area array detector has the defects that the acquired image data volume of the detector is large, the time for acquiring one image is long, and the sun edge image information with high time resolution and large dynamic range cannot be acquired. And the scheme of collecting the solar edge image by using the area array detector has complex image collecting circuit and low reliability of the detector and the electronics part, and can not meet the use requirements of long service life and high reliability of the spaceflight load.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on this, the application provides a solar edge detection instrument, realizes the accurate measurement to solar edge, provides the accurate data of solar orientation for space solar orientation equipment, load etc..
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, this application provides a solar edge detecting instrument, including light filter system, telescope primary mirror, telescope secondary mirror, the partition slit, detector, the signal processing unit who arranges in proper order, solar radiation light is passed through the light filter system becomes monochromatic solar radiation light, monochromatic solar radiation passes through respectively the telescope primary mirror the telescope secondary mirror divide the slit, and by divide the slit and divide into a plurality of regions with the solar image, the reimaging arrives on the image plane of detector, the signal processing unit is right the light signal that the detector gathered enlargies and waits to handle, obtains solar edge information and central point information.
Preferably, the dividing slits are four slits with the same length and width, the dividing slits are symmetrically arranged in front of the detector, and the dividing slits cover the solar edge area.
Preferably, the telescope primary mirror is a convex lens and is used for focusing the light spot.
Preferably, the telescope secondary mirror is a concave lens and is used for diverging the light spots and imaging the sun on the split slit detector.
Preferably, the detector is a four-quadrant photodiode.
Preferably, the detector with slits is a linear photodiode.
Preferably, the number of the linear photodiodes is two or four.
The beneficial effect of this application:
according to the urgent requirements of space load on the acquisition of solar edge information with high precision, high frequency, large dynamic range and large linear range, the photoelectric conversion component is formed by matching the segmentation slit with the four-quadrant photodiode or the linear array photodiode, so that the precise position detection of the solar edge is realized. The technical problem of insufficient solar edge signal acquisition by using an area array detector in the prior art is solved.
The detection instrument has the advantages of simple structure, high reliability of the used photoelectric device and suitability for space application. The method has the advantages of strong anti-interference capability and large dynamic range, and can obtain the sun edge position information and calculate to obtain the high-precision sun position information. The device is suitable for being applied to space load and accurately monitoring the change of the position of the sun.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an operating principle of a solar edge detection apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a solar edge detection instrument detector provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar edge detection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar edge detection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a four-quadrant detector of a solar edge detection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a linear array detector of a solar edge detection instrument according to an embodiment of the present application.
The meaning of the reference symbols in the drawings is:
1. a filter system; 2. a primary mirror; 3. a secondary mirror; 4. a detector; 5. a signal processing unit;
6. a four-quadrant photodiode; 7. dividing the slit; 8. a linear array photodiode; 9. the edge of the sun.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the present application, the present application will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present application are given in the accompanying drawings. This application may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.
Example 1:
according to the urgent requirements of space load on the acquisition of solar edge information with high precision, high frequency, large dynamic range and large linear range, the photoelectric conversion component is formed by matching the segmentation slit with the four-quadrant photodiode or the linear array photodiode, so that the precise position detection of the solar edge is realized. The technical problem of insufficient solar edge signal acquisition by using an area array detector in the prior art is solved.
A solar edge detection instrument comprises an optical filter system 1, a telescope system, a segmentation slit, a detector 4 and a signal processing unit 5 which are sequentially arranged;
the telescope system comprises a telescope primary mirror 2 and a telescope secondary mirror 3;
the telescope primary mirror 2 is a convex lens and is used for focusing light spots. The telescope secondary mirror 3 is a concave lens and is used for diverging light spots and imaging the sun on a dividing slit detector.
The detector 4 is a four-quadrant photodiode 6 or a linear array photodiode 8; but are not limited to, four quadrant photodiodes.
The dividing slits 7 are four slits with the same width and length, and are symmetrically arranged in front of the detector 4. The dividing slit 7 covers the edge area of the sun, and the dividing slit 7 divides the sun images at different positions and forms a precise photoelectric conversion component together with the detector 4.
The solar radiation light is firstly changed into monochromatic solar radiation light through the optical filter, the monochromatic solar radiation light penetrates through the segmentation slit and is imaged on the imaging surface of the detector 4, in the embodiment of the application, different regions of each quadrant of a four-quadrant diode or a linear array detector diode can be imaged, the detector 4 acquires edge information of different positions of the sun, and then the signal processing unit 5 respectively amplifies optical signals in each quadrant or each region and performs other processing to obtain edge information of a specific position of the sun, so that high-precision detection of the edge of the sun is realized. And carrying out difference and normalization processing by utilizing the edge information, and calculating to obtain the position of the sun center.
The concrete description is as follows:
the average aperture angle diameter of sunlight is 32 angular points, the radiation of the sunlight is imaged on an image surface through a telescope, the size of a sun image is in direct proportion to the focal length of the telescope and the aperture angle of the sun, and the specific calculation formula is as follows:
D＝f×α (1)
wherein D is the diameter of the sun image on the image plane, f is the focal length of the telescope, and alpha is the sun field angle. In order to accurately measure the solar edge information, it is necessary to divide the solar edge 9 by a specific slit, and only the part passing through the slit is collected by the photodiodes of different regions. The collected photoelectric signals are ensured to have enough signal-to-noise ratio and enough large dynamic range, difference and normalization processing are carried out by utilizing the solar edge signals, the influence of solar intensity change and uneven distribution is eliminated, and the central position of the sun is obtained through calculation.
According to the parameters of the solar telescope system and the four-quadrant photodiode 6, a space small-sized solar edge detector with high sensitivity and high precision is designed. Four dividing slits 7 with symmetrical width, length and mounting position are mounted in front of the four-quadrant photodiode 6, and the four dividing slits 7 cover the solar edge 9 area. When the position of the sun edge 9 changes, the area of the sun irradiated on the four dividing slits 7 changes, so that the size of the generated photoelectric signal changes, and the change of the position of the sun is obtained by calculating the change of the central position of the sun in two directions, namely X and Y, which are perpendicular to each other. The signal acquired by the four-quadrant photodiode 6 in the opposite direction is subtracted to eliminate the edge position and pointing deviation change caused by the target absolute brightness change, and the specific calculation formula is as follows:
α＝k·x (2)
Figure BDA0003311085950000051
Figure BDA0003311085950000052
where α is the angle of the incident light with respect to the optical axis, and the magnitude of k depends on the angle of divergence α of the sun 0 Focal length f of solar telescope and distance d, V between a pair of slits in x direction 1 And V 3 Is two detectors in the x directionThe output signal.
A linear array photodiode 8 is adopted in the y-direction calculation method, and a small-size high-sensitivity and high-precision solar edge detector is designed. Two or four linear array photodiodes 8 are respectively arranged at four positions with symmetrical focal planes of the solar telescope, and a segmentation slit is arranged in front of the linear array photodiode 8 to shield redundant solar strong radiation and avoid saturation of the linear array photodiodes. When the edge detector works, the solar circular spot is imaged on the linear array detector, and the position of the sun center is obtained by calculating the area of the solar spot on the detector. Due to the adoption of the linear array photodiode 8, the range of the edge of the sun which can be covered is enlarged, and the linear range of the measured solar facula is increased. The design scheme of the linear array photodiode 8 needs a plurality of high-sensitivity preamplification circuits, and the discrete component circuit is large in size, poor in external interference resistance and incapable of being used. Therefore, an integrated multi-channel preamplifier circuit (ASI C) is required, which can ensure that the noise of the electronics is reduced, and can reduce the size, and is suitable for use in a space environment.
Experiments and simulation tests show that: the sun edge precision of the detector can reach 0.2um according to the calculation of a solar telescope with the focal length of 1000 mm. The focal length of the solar telescope is increased, and the measurement precision can be improved.
The detection instrument has the advantages of simple structure and high reliability of the photoelectric device, and is suitable for space application. The method has the advantages of strong anti-interference capability and large dynamic range, and can be used for obtaining the sun edge position information and calculating to obtain the high-precision sun position information. The device is suitable for being applied to space load and accurately monitoring the change of the position of the sun.
The technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but should be considered as the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above examples only express the preferred embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these are all within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent application shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (6)

1. A solar edge detection instrument is characterized by comprising an optical filter system, a telescope primary mirror, a telescope secondary mirror, a segmentation slit, a detector and a signal processing unit which are sequentially arranged, wherein solar radiation light is changed into monochromatic solar radiation light through the optical filter system, the monochromatic solar radiation light respectively passes through the telescope primary mirror, the telescope secondary mirror and the segmentation slit, a solar image is segmented into a plurality of regions through the segmentation slit and then imaged on an image surface of the detector, and the signal processing unit amplifies an optical signal collected by the detector and the like to obtain solar edge information and central position information;
the dividing slits are four slits with the same length and width, are symmetrically arranged in front of the detector and cover the edge area of the sun.
2. The solar edge detection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the telescopic primary mirror is a convex lens for focusing the spot.
3. The solar edge inspection instrument of claim 1, wherein the telescopic secondary mirror is a concave lens for diverging the spot to image the sun onto the split slit detector.
4. The solar edge detection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the detector is a four-quadrant photodiode.
5. The solar edge detection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the slotted detector is a line photodiode.
6. The solar edge detection apparatus of claim 5, wherein the number of linear photodiodes is two or four.
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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102305666A (en) * 2011-08-23 2012-01-04 中国科学院云南天文台 Method and equipment for measuring day-time seeing based on solar apparent diameter variance measurement
CN104034302A (en) * 2014-06-17 2014-09-10 中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心 Precision sun sensor applied to image stabilizing system
CN105427312A (en) * 2015-11-23 2016-03-23 昆明理工大学 Method for identifying and tracking solar photosphere bright spot in astronomic image
CN107687848A (en) * 2017-08-16 2018-02-13 清华大学 Sun sensor and signal processing method
CN110490847A (en) * 2019-07-31 2019-11-22 浙江大学山东工业技术研究院 The LED chip quality determining method of view-based access control model

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102305666A (en) * 2011-08-23 2012-01-04 中国科学院云南天文台 Method and equipment for measuring day-time seeing based on solar apparent diameter variance measurement
CN104034302A (en) * 2014-06-17 2014-09-10 中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心 Precision sun sensor applied to image stabilizing system
CN105427312A (en) * 2015-11-23 2016-03-23 昆明理工大学 Method for identifying and tracking solar photosphere bright spot in astronomic image
CN107687848A (en) * 2017-08-16 2018-02-13 清华大学 Sun sensor and signal processing method
CN110490847A (en) * 2019-07-31 2019-11-22 浙江大学山东工业技术研究院 The LED chip quality determining method of view-based access control model

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