CN113928155B - Method for building ordered charging control system of electric automobile - Google Patents
Method for building ordered charging control system of electric automobile Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
- B60L53/62—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to charging parameters, e.g. current, voltage or electrical charge
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
- B60L53/64—Optimising energy costs, e.g. responding to electricity rates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/0071—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with a programmable schedule
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/167—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S30/00—Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
- Y04S30/10—Systems supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles
- Y04S30/12—Remote or cooperative charging
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for constructing an ordered charging control system of an electric automobile, which adopts a 4DIAC-IDE distributed application development environment to construct an ordered charging control function block containing the ordered charging control method of the electric automobile; placing the ordered charging control function block into an ordered charging control library; calling an ordered charging control library under a 4DIAC-IDE distributed application development environment, compiling functional blocks in the ordered charging control library to generate an ordered charging control application program file of the electric automobile; operating a Forte runtime environment based on IEC61499 standard on bottom equipment of the electric vehicle charging pile controller to realize ordered charging control of the electric vehicle charging pile controller by using an electric vehicle ordered charging control application program file; the driving unit of the bottom layer equipment of the electric vehicle charging pile controller responds to the electric vehicle ordered charging control task to complete the construction of the electric vehicle ordered charging control system. The present invention aims to meet the increasing demands of complex industrial control.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electric vehicle charging, and particularly relates to a method for constructing an ordered charging control system of an electric vehicle.
Background
Along with the popularization of the internet of things technology and the green low-carbon economy, the development of the electric automobile and the intelligent demand of a control system are also continuously improved, but the large-scale electric automobile is like a small capacitor or a power supply, and the large-scale electric automobile can continuously exchange energy with a power grid. At present, the electric automobile charging mode basically adopts a plug-and-play charging mode, has randomness and similarity in time and space, does not consider the influence on a power grid, and can generate the condition of peak-to-peak peaking, which inevitably increases the burden of a power distribution network.
Modern industrial automatic control systems are mostly distributed systems, and the design process of the traditional distributed control system is as follows: 1. analyzing requirements; 2. determining the quantity, the position and the function definition of the implementation of the decentralized control devices; 3. determining a network type and a protocol, wherein the protocol also comprises a data interface and a mutual interaction mode (network API) between devices; 4. and respectively designing programs of all the devices and a joint debugging system.
The design of the traditional control software is relatively difficult, so that the software is modularized and can be reused. In the field of industrial control, PLC is a widely used controller, and related international standard IEC61131 was established in 1992. In the traditional PLC ladder diagram, the function block programming method is favorable for the modularization of software, can be repeatedly used, does not lose flexibility, and enables a control engineer to pay attention to the control process rather than the details of entangled programming. For complex control systems, however, the ladder diagram is difficult to model, which requires functional block diagram programming. On the basis of the ladder diagram, a PLC manufacturer gradually adopts a structured text and a graphical programming method based on functional blocks, and establishes the technical standard (IEC 61131-3) of the PLC, but the programming development of the functional blocks of the IEC61131-3 is slow, the increasing demands of complex industrial control cannot be met, and the technical progress of software engineering is not embodied.
In the distributed charging station, the distributed alternating-current charging pile controllers control the charging process of the electric automobile, and the charging pile control system centrally manages the charging pile controllers. Therefore, how to design a set of ordered charging control system of electric vehicles aiming at the distributed charging stations has important practical significance for guaranteeing electric energy supply and power grid operation safety of the electric vehicles, improving the utilization rate of power grid equipment and bringing benefits to users.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for constructing an ordered charging control system of an electric automobile, which aims at meeting more and more requirements of complex industrial control.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for constructing an ordered charging control system of an electric automobile comprises the following steps:
building an ordered charging control function block containing an ordered charging control method of the electric automobile by adopting a 4DIAC-IDE distributed application development environment;
the method comprises the steps of placing an ordered charging control function block into an ordered charging control library, wherein the ordered charging control library further comprises a basic function block, a communication function block, a digital logic function block and a mathematical operation function block;
calling an ordered charging control library under a 4DIAC-IDE distributed application development environment, compiling functional blocks in the ordered charging control library to generate an ordered charging control application program file of the electric automobile;
operating a Forte runtime environment based on IEC61499 standard on bottom equipment of the electric vehicle charging pile controller to realize ordered charging control of the electric vehicle charging pile controller by using an electric vehicle ordered charging control application program file;
the driving unit of the bottom layer equipment of the electric vehicle charging pile controller responds to the electric vehicle ordered charging control task to complete the construction of the electric vehicle ordered charging control system and cooperatively control the plurality of electric vehicle charging pile controllers.
Further, the building of the ordered charging control function block comprising the ordered charging control method of the electric automobile comprises the following specific steps:
packaging an electric automobile ordered charging control model into the ordered charging control functional block, wherein the electric automobile ordered charging control model comprises a calculation model and an optimization model;
the calculation model is as follows:
wherein ,
F 2 ＝min[max(P lk ')-min(P lk ')]
P lk +P k ＜P T
wherein F is the total objective function of the calculation model; f (F) 1 The power grid of the station area contains the load fluctuation variance of the charging load of the electric automobile; f (F) 2 Peak-valley difference of charging load curves of electric vehicles is contained in the power grid of the station area; f (F) 3 Charging cost when the electric automobile participates in dispatching; f (F) 1 0 The load fluctuation variance of the charging load of the electric automobile is not contained in the power grid of the station area, and the load fluctuation variance is obtained through daily load prediction; p (P) T Is the rated power of the transformer; f (F) 3 0 Charging cost when the electric automobile does not participate in dispatching; alpha 1 Weighting coefficient, alpha, for the load fluctuation variance of the power network 2 The weight coefficient of peak-valley difference of power grid load curve, alpha 3 Cost weight coefficient for charging electric automobile, and alpha 1 +α 2 +α 3 ＝1；P lk The load of the kth period of the charging load of the electric automobile is not contained in the power grid of the station area; p (P) k Charging power for a kth time period charging station; p (P) av Daily average load of a power grid of a district without electric automobile charging load is calculated; max (P) lk ' is a peak power grid load of a platform region containing the charging load of the electric automobile; min (P) lk ' is a grid load valley value of a district containing electric vehicle charging load; x is x i For the operating state of the i-th minimum charging time unit of the charging pile, "1" indicates operation and "0" indicates non-operation; q (Q) i Grid electricity price for the ith minimum charging time unit; p (P) c The charging power of the charging pile is; Δt is the time interval size of the minimum charging time unit; t is the total time for charging the current vehicle；C n,end The electric quantity at the expected end of charging of the nth electric automobile; c (C) n,sart The electric quantity of the nth electric automobile at the beginning of charging; c (C) n,max The maximum receivable electric quantity of the nth electric automobile;
the optimization model is as follows:
v id ＝ω*v id +c 1 *rand()*(p id -x id )+c 2 *rand()*(p ig -x id )
in the formula ,vid The speed vector of the ith dimension of the group d in the particle swarm algorithm; omega is an inertia weight coefficient in a particle swarm algorithm; c 1 Is a cognitive learning factor in a particle swarm algorithm; c 2 Is a social learning factor in a particle swarm algorithm; p is p id The optimal position of the ith dimension of the group d population; x is x id The particle position in the ith dimension of the current d-th group population; p is p ig The particle position of the ith dimension of the optimal solution calculated currently; s (v) id ) Representing position x id Taking the probability of 1; f (n) is the probability that the ith population is selected; fp (fp) d Optimal fitness of the d group in the artificial bee colony algorithm; x is x id ' is the calculated position of the new particle;take value for step lengthIn the range of [ -1,1]；p g Is the optimal position of population particles.
Further, the method calls an ordered charging control library under the 4DIAC-IDE distributed application development environment, and specifically comprises the following steps:
and calling the ordered charging control library in a dynamic link mode.
Further, the electric automobile charging pile controller comprises a north interface and a south interface;
the north interface comprises a 2-way Ethernet interface and a 4G/5G module interface;
the south interface comprises 6 paths of RS485 interfaces, 1 path of CAN interfaces, 2 paths of I2C interfaces, 2 paths of SPI interfaces, 1 path of USB2.0 interfaces, 4 paths of PWM3 paths of Ethernet interfaces and GPIO interfaces up to 103 paths.
Further, the north interface is in communication connection with the master station through a network cable or 4G/5G to exchange data of the data center.
Further, the south interface is communicated with the transformer of the transformer area through RS485 to read the current power consumption data of the transformer area, is communicated with each charging pile through CAN, and is communicated with a mobile phone of a user through wifi/BT.
Further, the electric vehicle charging pile controller uses a linux operating system.
Further, the ordered charging control application program file of the electric automobile is used for controlling the ordered charging of the electric automobile charging pile controller through the TCP protocol.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts the industrial software development standard of IEC61499 standard and adopts a graphical application program development mode to ensure that industrial control software is packaged into a software component in the form of a functional block, so that development tasks are clear and definite, developers do not care about interfaces and communication between devices, development fragmentation of a traditional distributed system is avoided, the development efficiency of a program is improved, and communication and maintenance of the developers are facilitated.
2. The invention supports the development of an open type function block library, can add a custom function block in the ordered charging function block library according to the requirement of a charging pile controller, can directly run after being constructed through a graphical interface by one-key deployment, does not need to manually write control program codes, improves the development efficiency of an algorithm, and also avoids errors introduced by manual coding.
3. The Eclipse4DIAC distributed industrial automation control software adopted by the invention provides a real-time data back display function, supports online parameter adjustment and accelerates the control algorithm debugging process.
4. The invention is developed based on Eclipse4DIAC distributed industrial automation control software, and solves the problems of insufficient flexibility and poor expansibility of a centralized development mode of a traditional electric automobile ordered charging control system.
In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for constructing an ordered charging control system of an electric vehicle based on IEC 61499;
FIG. 2 is a functional block structure;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the function block execution;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a distributed electric vehicle charging station;
fig. 5 is a flow chart of an ordered charge control function block.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As a specific embodiment of the invention, a method for constructing an ordered charging control system of an electric automobile specifically comprises the following steps:
and step 1, constructing an ordered charging control function block containing an ordered charging control method of the electric automobile by adopting a 4DIAC-IDE distributed application development environment.
The 4DIAC-IDE is a distributed application development environment supporting IEC61499 standard, provides an application graphical building interface, and detects the data types transferred between the ordered charge control function blocks.
The ordered charging control function block is designed as a user application layer of a control system, provides a basic logic control function and is used for designing charging application tasks and control logic, encapsulates the basic function block, the service interface function block, the adapter and the sub-application program, meets IEC61499 standard, and realizes the ordered charging control function as follows:
s1, acquiring a parking period and expected charging electric quantity corresponding to each electric automobile to be charged in a platform area, and platform area load and a platform area load change curve;
specifically, the method for acquiring the parking time period and the expected charging electric quantity corresponding to each electric automobile to be charged in the platform area comprises the following steps:
and receiving a parking period and an expected charging quantity, which are sent by a user and correspond to the electric automobile to be charged.
The method for acquiring the load of the platform region and the load change curve of the platform region comprises the following steps:
and reading the corresponding platform area load and platform area load change curve in the database.
S2, determining the charging time required by each electric automobile to be charged to reach the expected charging electric quantity according to the expected charging electric quantity corresponding to the electric automobile to be charged;
determining the charging time length required by each electric automobile to be charged to reach the expected charging electric quantity according to the expected charging electric quantity corresponding to each electric automobile to be charged, wherein the charging time length is specifically as follows:
and dividing the expected charging electric quantity corresponding to each electric automobile to be charged by the charging power of the charging pile to obtain the charging time required by each electric automobile to be charged to reach the expected charging electric quantity.
S3, according to the parking time period of each electric automobile to be charged, the charging time period required by each electric automobile to be charged to reach the expected charging quantity, the platform load and the platform load change curve, a charging time period distribution plan corresponding to each electric automobile to be charged is formulated by using an electric automobile ordered charging control model, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
dividing each hour into a plurality of time periods in an equally-spaced mode, wherein the time periods are used as a minimum charging time unit;
determining the number of charging time units required by each electric automobile to be charged according to the charging time required by each electric automobile to be charged to reach the expected charging electric quantity;
randomly distributing the number of the charging time units required by each electric automobile to be charged into a corresponding parking period to obtain an initial charging time unit distribution plan corresponding to each electric automobile to be charged;
and obtaining a charging period distribution plan corresponding to each electric vehicle to be charged by using the electric vehicle ordered charging control model according to the load of the platform region, the load change curve of the platform region and the initial charging time unit distribution plan corresponding to each electric vehicle to be charged.
The ordered charging control function block is used for designing control tasks and control logic of an ordered charging system of the electric automobile, and is constructed to comprise an ordered charging control function block of the electric automobile, and specifically comprises the following steps: packaging an electric automobile ordered charging control model into an ordered charging control functional block, wherein the electric automobile ordered charging control model comprises a calculation model and an optimization model;
the calculation model is as follows:
wherein ,
F 2 ＝min[max(P lk ')-min(P lk ')]
P lk +P k ＜P T
wherein F is the total objective function of the calculation model; f (F) 1 The power grid of the station area contains the load fluctuation variance of the charging load of the electric automobile; f (F) 2 Peak-valley difference of charging load curves of electric vehicles is contained in the power grid of the station area; f (F) 3 Charging cost when the electric automobile participates in dispatching; f (F) 1 0 The load fluctuation variance of the charging load of the electric automobile is not contained in the power grid of the station area, and the load fluctuation variance is obtained through daily load prediction; p (P) T Is the rated power of the transformer; f (F) 3 0 Charging cost when the electric automobile does not participate in dispatching; alpha 1 Weighting coefficient, alpha, for the load fluctuation variance of the power network 2 The weight coefficient of peak-valley difference of power grid load curve, alpha 3 Cost weight coefficient for charging electric automobile, and alpha 1 +α 2 +α 3 ＝1；P lk The load of the kth period of the charging load of the electric automobile is not contained in the power grid of the station area; p (P) k Charging power for a kth time period charging station; p (P) av Daily average load of a power grid of a district without electric automobile charging load is calculated; max (P) lk ' is a peak power grid load of a platform region containing the charging load of the electric automobile; min (P) lk ' is a grid load valley value of a district containing electric vehicle charging load; x is x i For the operating state of the i-th minimum charging time unit of the charging pile, "1" indicates operation and "0" indicates non-operation; q (Q) i Is the ith minimum chargeGrid electricity price of the electricity time unit; p (P) c The charging power of the charging pile is; Δt is the time interval size of the minimum charging time unit; t is the total time for the current vehicle charge; c (C) n,end The electric quantity at the expected end of charging of the nth electric automobile; c (C) n,sart The electric quantity of the nth electric automobile at the beginning of charging; c (C) n,max The maximum receivable electric quantity of the nth electric automobile;
the optimization model is as follows:
v id ＝ω*v id +c 1 *rand()*(p id -x id )+c 2 *rand()*(p ig -x id )
in the formula ,vid The speed vector of the ith dimension of the group d in the particle swarm algorithm; omega is an inertia weight coefficient in a particle swarm algorithm; c 1 Is a cognitive learning factor in a particle swarm algorithm; c 2 Is a social learning factor in a particle swarm algorithm; p is p id The optimal position of the ith dimension of the group d population; x is x id The particle position in the ith dimension of the current d-th group population; p is p ig The particle position of the ith dimension of the optimal solution calculated currently; s (v) id ) Representing position x id Taking the probability of 1; f (n) is the probability that the ith population is selected; fp (fp) d Optimal fitness of the d group in the artificial bee colony algorithm; x is x id ' New particle obtained by calculationThe position of the seed;the range of the value is [ -1,1 for the step length]；p g Is the optimal position of population particles.
And 2, placing the ordered charging control function block into an ordered charging control library, wherein the ordered charging control library also comprises a basic function block, a communication function block, a digital logic function block and a mathematical operation function block.
The ordered charging control library is designed as a control system kernel system layer, and encapsulates digital logic, mathematical operation, an ordered charging control algorithm and an upper computer network communication function block except for a basic function block provided in the 4DIAC-IDE, and provides an ordered charging control interface of the electric automobile, and the upper ordered charging control function block is called.
And step 3, calling an ordered charging control library under the 4DIAC-IDE distributed application development environment, and compiling functional blocks in the ordered charging control library to generate an electric automobile ordered charging control application program file.
Preferably, the ordered charge control library is invoked in a dynamic link manner.
And 4, operating a Forte operation time environment based on IEC61499 standard on bottom equipment of the electric vehicle charging pile controller, and realizing the ordered charging control of the electric vehicle charging pile controller by using the ordered charging control application program file of the electric vehicle through a TCP protocol.
That is, the standard of IEC61499 is executed when the bottom device Forte of the electric vehicle charging pile controller runs, and the standard is used for providing a system environment for running application programs and data interaction communication.
Specifically, the electric vehicle charging pile controller uses a linux operating system.
The electric automobile charging pile controller comprises a north interface and a south interface, wherein the north interface comprises a 2-way Ethernet interface and a 4G/5G module interface; the south interface comprises 6 paths of RS485 interfaces, 1 path of CAN interfaces, 2 paths of I2C interfaces, 2 paths of SPI interfaces, 1 path of USB2.0 interfaces, 4 paths of PWM3 paths of Ethernet interfaces and GPIO interfaces up to 103 paths.
The north interface is in communication connection with the master station through a network cable or 4G/5G, and exchanges data of the data center.
The south interface is used for reading current district power consumption data through RS485 and district transformer communication and is used for calculating electric quantity distributed by electric automobile charging, and is communicated with each charging pile through CAN and is communicated with a user mobile phone through wifi/BT.
And 5, responding to the ordered charging control task of the electric vehicle by the driving unit of the bottom equipment of the electric vehicle charging pile controller, building an ordered charging control system of the electric vehicle, and cooperatively controlling a plurality of electric vehicle charging pile controllers.
The driving unit is used for providing an operation interface of the external device and realizing a driving program of the device.
The distributed application development environment 4DIAC-IDE based on Eclipse4DIAC framework provides friendly user application program construction interface, and the user can construct own control algorithm by dragging the module on the interface. Meanwhile, the 4DIAC-IDE can detect the data types transmitted between the modules, and can carry out corresponding error prompt on the unmatched data types, and in addition, the functions of real-time data back display and online parameter adjustment are provided, so that the control algorithm is convenient to debug.
The underlying device Forte runtime environment provides support for online reconfiguration of its applications and real-time execution of all the function block types provided by the IEC61499 standard. All IEC61131-3 version 2 basic data types, structures and arrays are supported. The underlying device runtime environment provides a flexible underlying communication architecture for the upper layer applications through the communication layer.
The driving unit is designed as a device driving layer for providing an operation interface of the external device for the upper layer program and realizing a driving program of the device. The upper program can be realized in the operating equipment without any problem, and only the interface of the driver is required to be called.
The physical input/output unit is designed as a basic IO interface of the equipment and comprises a network protocol interface, and provides a physical interface for data acquisition of the equipment and data communication between the equipment.
The distributed application development environment adopts Eclipse4DIAC distributed open source software framework, and is mainly composed of development environment IDE and runtime Forte. IDE uses java developed programs, forte is a program developed using C++.
Besides the CPU main control chip, the charging pile controller also needs to be provided with a peripheral communication module, including but not limited to an RS-485 interface, a UART serial port, a CAN port and the like, and a software platform used by the charging pile controller needs to be a linux operating system.
The functional block is one of the most important concepts in the IEC61499 standard, and is essentially a graphical programming method. Functional blocks are a standard piece of software whose leads are either input data or output data. The wiring of the network diagram represents the manner in which data is referenced between the individual functional blocks. IEC61499 takes functional blocks with event inputs and outputs, which standard adds event inputs and outputs to the functional blocks. Events are used to determine the state change of the function block, and only when an input event arrives, the state of the function block is changed, and how to execute the internal algorithm is determined. Events can more explicitly describe the synchronization relationship of data and internal algorithm execution between functional blocks.
As shown in fig. 1, the ordered charging control system of the electric automobile is composed of an ordered charging control library, an ordered charging control function block, a distributed application development environment 4DIAC-IDE of Eclipse4DIAC framework, a bottom device runtime environment, a driving unit and a physical input/output unit.
The service flow of the electric vehicle ordered charging implementation method based on IEC61499 standard is as follows, and aiming at a distributed electric vehicle ordered charging control system, when a user writes an ordered charging control module by using 4DIAC-IDE, the IDE can automatically generate a control algorithm script. When the distributed application program is designed, the IDE loads an ordered charging control library required in a user control algorithm in a dynamic link mode, and an ordered charging control program is automatically generated. After the target equipment network is configured, one-key distributed deployment of the ordered charging control program can be realized, and the functional blocks are mapped to corresponding charging pile controllers through a TCP protocol. When the system is deployed on a plurality of charging pile controllers, a communication functional block is added to realize transmission between events and data, and then synchronous control of the charging piles is realized through a hardware driving unit and a physical input/output unit. The data collected by the intelligent charging pile terminal is transmitted back to the upper layer application program through the TCP protocol.
FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram, and all operations of IEC61499 functional blocks are synchronized by events. The associated data will already be present at their inputs before the event arrives. The internal program of the functional block is divided into two parts, one being an execution control program segment, which decides the execution of the algorithm based on the input event, and the other being the algorithm. The algorithm uses the input data and generates the output data. When the internal algorithm execution is completed, the execution control program segment determines the output event from a more internal state diagram.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the execution of functional blocks, and the specific steps are as follows:
t1 is available;
t2 an event occurs at the event input;
t3, executing a control function, and informing a resource scheduling function to schedule an algorithm to be executed;
t4 algorithm execution begins;
t5 algorithm output value;
t6, notifying the algorithm execution end by the resource scheduling function;
t7, calling an execution control function by a scheduling function;
t8 the execution control function outputs the event at the event output.
As shown in fig. 4, which is a structural block diagram of a distributed electric vehicle charging station, in an electric vehicle charging scene, a charging pile controller is in communication connection with a master station in the north direction, and exchanges data of a data center; the south direction is communicated with a transformer of a transformer area through RS485 (DLT 698.45) to read the current power consumption data of the transformer area, and the power consumption data are used for calculating the power quantity distributed by charging of the electric automobile; and the charging piles are communicated and controlled through CAN.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited thereto, and that the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples: any person skilled in the art may modify or easily conceive of the technical solution described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent substitution of some of the technical features, while remaining within the technical scope of the present disclosure; such modifications, changes or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. The method for constructing the ordered charging control system of the electric automobile is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
building an ordered charging control function block containing an ordered charging control method of the electric automobile by adopting a 4DIAC-IDE distributed application development environment;
the method comprises the steps of placing an ordered charging control function block into an ordered charging control library, wherein the ordered charging control library further comprises a basic function block, a communication function block, a digital logic function block and a mathematical operation function block;
calling an ordered charging control library under a 4DIAC-IDE distributed application development environment, compiling functional blocks in the ordered charging control library to generate an ordered charging control application program file of the electric automobile;
operating a Forte runtime environment based on IEC61499 standard on bottom equipment of the electric vehicle charging pile controller to realize ordered charging control of the electric vehicle charging pile controller by using an electric vehicle ordered charging control application program file;
the driving unit of the bottom layer equipment of the electric vehicle charging pile controller responds to the electric vehicle ordered charging control task to complete the construction of an electric vehicle ordered charging control system, and cooperatively controls a plurality of electric vehicle charging pile controllers;
the construction of the ordered charging control function block comprising the ordered charging control method of the electric automobile comprises the following steps:
packaging an electric automobile ordered charging control model into the ordered charging control functional block, wherein the electric automobile ordered charging control model comprises a calculation model and an optimization model;
the calculation model is as follows:
wherein ,
F 2 ＝min[max(P lk ')-min(P lk ')]
P lk +P k ＜P T
wherein F is the total objective function of the calculation model; f (F) 1 The power grid of the station area contains the load fluctuation variance of the charging load of the electric automobile; f (F) 2 Peak-valley difference of charging load curves of electric vehicles is contained in the power grid of the station area; f (F) 3 Charging cost when the electric automobile participates in dispatching; f (F) 1 0 The load fluctuation variance of the charging load of the electric automobile is not contained in the power grid of the station area, and the load fluctuation variance is obtained through daily load prediction; p (P) T Is the rated power of the transformer; f (F) 3 0 Charging cost when the electric automobile does not participate in dispatching; alpha 1 Weighting coefficient, alpha, for the load fluctuation variance of the power network 2 The weight coefficient of peak-valley difference of power grid load curve, alpha 3 Cost weight coefficient for charging electric automobile, and alpha 1 +α 2 +α 3 ＝1；P lk For district electric network without electric powerThe kth period load of the automobile charging load; p (P) k Charging power for a kth time period charging station; p (P) av Daily average load of a power grid of a district without electric automobile charging load is calculated; max (P) lk ' is a peak power grid load of a platform region containing the charging load of the electric automobile; min (P) lk ' is a grid load valley value of a district containing electric vehicle charging load; x is x i For the operating state of the i-th minimum charging time unit of the charging pile, "1" indicates operation and "0" indicates non-operation; q (Q) i Grid electricity price for the ith minimum charging time unit; p (P) c The charging power of the charging pile is; Δt is the time interval size of the minimum charging time unit; t is the total time for the current vehicle charge; c (C) n,end The electric quantity at the expected end of charging of the nth electric automobile; c (C) n,sart The electric quantity of the nth electric automobile at the beginning of charging; c (C) n,max The maximum receivable electric quantity of the nth electric automobile;
the optimization model is as follows:
v id ＝ω*v id +c 1 *rand()*(p id -x id )+c 2 *rand()*(p ig -x id )
in the formula ,vid Speed vector of ith dimension of the ith group population in particle swarm algorithmAn amount of; omega is an inertia weight coefficient in a particle swarm algorithm; c 1 Is a cognitive learning factor in a particle swarm algorithm; c 2 Is a social learning factor in a particle swarm algorithm; p is p id The optimal position of the ith dimension of the group d population; x is x id The particle position in the ith dimension of the current d-th group population; p is p ig The particle position of the ith dimension of the optimal solution calculated currently; s (v) id ) Representing position x id Taking the probability of 1; f (n) is the probability that the ith population is selected; fp (fp) d Optimal fitness of the d group in the artificial bee colony algorithm; x is x id ' is the calculated position of the new particle;the range of the value is [ -1,1 for the step length]；p g Is the optimal position of population particles.
2. The method for building the ordered charging control system of the electric automobile according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that the ordered charging control library is called under the 4DIAC-IDE distributed application development environment, and specifically comprises the following steps:
and calling the ordered charging control library in a dynamic link mode.
3. The method for constructing an ordered charging control system of an electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the electric vehicle charging pile controller comprises a north interface and a south interface;
the north interface comprises a 2-way Ethernet interface and a 4G/5G module interface;
the south interface comprises 6 paths of RS485 interfaces, 1 path of CAN interfaces, 2 paths of I2C interfaces, 2 paths of SPI interfaces, 1 path of USB2.0 interfaces, 4 paths of PWM3 paths of Ethernet interfaces and GPIO interfaces up to 103 paths.
4. The method for building the ordered charging control system of the electric automobile according to claim 3, wherein the north interface is in communication connection with the master station through a network cable or 4G/5G, and data center data are exchanged.
5. The method for building the ordered charging control system of the electric automobile according to claim 3, wherein the southbound interface is communicated with the transformer of the transformer area through RS485 to read the current power consumption data of the transformer area, is communicated with each charging pile through CAN, and is communicated with a mobile phone of a user through wifi/BT.
6. The method for constructing an ordered charging control system of an electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the electric vehicle charging pile controller uses a linux operating system.
7. The method for constructing the ordered charging control system of the electric automobile according to claim 1, wherein the ordered charging control of the ordered charging control application program file of the electric automobile on the electric automobile charging pile controller is realized through a TCP protocol.
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