CN113928155A - Method for building orderly charging control system of electric automobile based on IEC61499 - Google Patents
Method for building orderly charging control system of electric automobile based on IEC61499 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
- B60L53/62—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to charging parameters, e.g. current, voltage or electrical charge
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
- B60L53/64—Optimising energy costs, e.g. responding to electricity rates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/0071—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with a programmable schedule
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/167—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S30/00—Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
- Y04S30/10—Systems supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles
- Y04S30/12—Remote or cooperative charging
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for building an electric automobile ordered charging control system based on IEC61499, which adopts a 4DIAC-IDE distributed application development environment to build an ordered charging control function block containing the electric automobile ordered charging control method; putting the ordered charging control function block into an ordered charging control library; calling an ordered charging control library under a 4DIAC-IDE distributed application development environment, and compiling functional blocks in the ordered charging control library to generate an ordered charging control application program file of the electric vehicle; running a Forte running environment based on IEC61499 standard on bottom equipment of the electric automobile charging pile controller to realize the ordered charging control of the electric automobile charging pile controller by the ordered charging control application program file; and the driving unit of the bottom layer equipment of the electric automobile charging pile controller responds to the ordered charging control task of the electric automobile, and the ordered charging control system of the electric automobile is built. The invention aims to meet the increasing demands of complex industrial control.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electric automobile charging, and particularly relates to a construction method of an electric automobile ordered charging control system based on IEC 61499.
Background
Along with the popularization of the internet of things technology and the green low-carbon economy, the development of the electric automobile and the intelligent demand of the control system are also continuously improved, but the large-scale electric automobile is like a small capacitor or a power supply and can continuously exchange energy with a power grid. At present, the charging mode of the electric automobile basically adopts a plug-and-play charging mode, and has randomness and similarity in time and space, the influence on a power grid is not considered, and the condition of 'adding peak on peak' can be generated, which inevitably increases the burden of a power distribution network.
Most of modern industrial automatic control systems are distributed systems, and the design process of the traditional distributed control system is as follows: 1. analyzing the demand; 2. determining the number, the positions and the implemented functional definitions of the distributed control equipment; 3. determining a network type and a protocol, wherein the protocol also comprises a data interface between devices and a mutual interaction mode (network API); 4. respectively designing programs of all devices and a joint debugging system.
The design of the traditional control software is relatively difficult, so that the software is modularized and can be repeatedly used. In the field of industrial control, PLC is a widely used controller, and the relevant international standard IEC61131 was established in 1992. In the traditional PLC ladder diagram, the functional block programming method is beneficial to software modularization and can be repeatedly used without losing flexibility, so that a control engineer can pay attention to the control process rather than the details of program design. However, for complex control systems, the ladder diagram is difficult to model, which requires functional block diagram programming. On the basis of the ladder diagram, PLC manufacturers gradually adopt structured texts and graphical program design methods based on function blocks, and establish PLC technical standards (IEC61131-3), but the function blocks of the IEC61131-3 are slowly programmed and developed, cannot meet the increasing requirements of complex industrial control, and do not embody the technical progress of software engineering.
In the distributed charging station, the distributed alternating-current charging pile controllers control the charging process of the electric automobile, and the charging pile control system performs centralized management on the charging pile controllers. Therefore, how to design a set of electric automobile ordered charging control system for the distributed charging station has important practical significance for guaranteeing electric energy supply of electric automobiles and operation safety of power grids, improving utilization rate of power grid equipment and bringing benefits to users.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a construction method of an electric automobile ordered charging control system based on IEC61499, and aims to meet the increasing requirements of complex industrial control.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a building method of an electric automobile ordered charging control system based on IEC61499 comprises the following steps:
building an ordered charging control function block containing an ordered charging control method of the electric automobile by adopting a 4DIAC-IDE distributed application development environment;
putting the ordered charging control function block into an ordered charging control library, wherein the ordered charging control library also comprises a basic function block, a communication function block, a digital logic function block and a mathematical operation function block;
calling an ordered charging control library under a 4DIAC-IDE distributed application development environment, and compiling functional blocks in the ordered charging control library to generate an ordered charging control application program file of the electric vehicle;
running a Forte running environment based on IEC61499 standard on bottom equipment of the electric automobile charging pile controller to realize the ordered charging control of the electric automobile charging pile controller by the ordered charging control application program file;
and the driving unit of the bottom layer equipment of the electric automobile charging pile controller responds to the ordered charging control task of the electric automobile, so that the ordered charging control system of the electric automobile is built, and the cooperative control of the plurality of electric automobile charging pile controllers is realized.
Further, the establishment of the ordered charging control function block containing the ordered charging control method for the electric vehicle specifically comprises the following steps:
packaging an electric vehicle ordered charging control model into the ordered charging control function block, wherein the electric vehicle ordered charging control model comprises a calculation model and an optimization model;
the calculation model is as follows:
wherein ,
F2＝min[max(Plk')-min(Plk')]
Plk+Pk<PT
in the formula, F is a total objective function of the calculation model; f1The power grid of the transformer area contains the load fluctuation variance of the charging load of the electric automobile; f2The power grid of the transformer area contains the peak-valley difference of the charging load curve of the electric automobile; f3Charging cost for the electric vehicle when the electric vehicle participates in dispatching; f1 0Load fluctuation variance of the charging load of the electric vehicle is not contained in the power grid of the transformer area, and the load fluctuation variance is obtained through load prediction before the day; pTThe rated power of the transformer; f3 0Charging cost when the electric automobile does not participate in dispatching; alpha is alpha1For load fluctuations of the power networkWeight coefficient of variance, α2Weight coefficient, alpha, for the peak-to-valley difference of the grid load curve3Cost weighting factor for charging an electric vehicle, and α1+α2+α3＝1；PlkLoading the power grid of the transformer area in the kth time period without the charging load of the electric automobile; pkCharging power for the charging station for the kth time period; pavThe daily average load of a power grid of a transformer area without the charging load of the electric automobile is obtained; max (P)lk') is a platform area power grid load peak value containing the charging load of the electric automobile; min (P)lk') is a platform district electric network load valley value containing the electric automobile charging load; x is the number ofiThe charging pile is in the working state of the ith minimum charging time unit, wherein '1' represents working, and '0' represents non-working; qiThe power grid price of the ith minimum charging time unit; pcCharging power for the charging pile; Δ t is the time interval size of the minimum charging time unit; t is the total elapsed time of the current vehicle charge; cn,endThe expected electric quantity at the end of charging of the nth electric automobile; cn,sartThe electric quantity when the nth electric automobile starts to be charged; cn,maxThe maximum allowable electric quantity of the nth electric automobile;
the optimization model is as follows:
vid＝ω*vid+c1*rand()*(pid-xid)+c2*rand()*(pig-xid)
in the formula ,vidThe velocity vector of the ith dimension of the group d in the particle swarm optimization is obtained; omega is an inertia weight coefficient in the particle swarm algorithm; c. C1The method comprises the following steps of (1) obtaining a cognitive learning factor in a particle swarm algorithm; c. C2The social learning factor in the particle swarm algorithm is adopted; p is a radical ofidThe optimal position of the ith dimension of the group of the d group is obtained; x is the number ofidThe position of the ith dimension of the current group population is obtained; p is a radical ofigThe particle position of the ith dimension of the currently calculated optimal solution; s (v)id) Represents the position xidTaking the probability of 1; f (n) is the probability that the ith population is selected; fpdThe optimal fitness of the d group in the artificial bee colony algorithm is adopted; x is the number ofid' is the calculated position of the new particle;
the step length is in the range of [ -1,1 [ ]]；pgAnd the optimal position of the population particles.
Further, the step of calling the ordered charging control library in the 4DIAC-IDE distributed application development environment specifically includes:
and calling the ordered charging control library in a dynamic link mode.
Further, the electric vehicle charging pile controller comprises a north interface and a south interface;
the northbound interface comprises a 2-path Ethernet interface and a 4G/5G module interface;
the southbound interface comprises 6 paths of RS485 interfaces, 1 path of CAN interfaces, 2 paths of I2C interfaces, 2 paths of SPI interfaces, 1 path of USB2.0 interfaces, 4 paths of PWM3 paths of Ethernet interfaces and GPIO interfaces which CAN reach 103 paths at most.
Furthermore, the northbound interface is in communication connection with the master station through a network cable or 4G/5G to exchange data of the data center.
Furthermore, the south interface is communicated with the transformer of the transformer area through RS485 to read the current electricity utilization data of the transformer area, is communicated with each charging pile through CAN, and is communicated with a user mobile phone through wifi/BT.
Further, the electric vehicle charging pile controller uses a linux operating system.
Further, the ordered charging control of the electric automobile charging pile controller by the electric automobile ordered charging control application program file is realized through a TCP protocol.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts the industrial software development standard of IEC61499 standard and adopts the graphical application program development mode to package the industrial control software into the software component in the form of functional block, so that the development task is clear and definite, developers do not care about the interface and communication between the devices any more, the development fragmentation of the traditional distributed system is avoided, the efficiency of program development is improved, and the communication and maintenance of the developers are convenient.
2. The invention supports the development of an open type function block library, can add self-defined function blocks in the ordered charging function block library according to the requirements of a charging pile controller, can directly run by one-key deployment after being built through a graphical interface, does not need to manually write control program codes, improves the development efficiency of the algorithm, and also avoids errors caused by manual coding.
3. The Eclipse4DIAC distributed industrial automation control software adopted by the invention provides a real-time data echo function, supports online parameter adjustment and accelerates the debugging process of a control algorithm.
4. The invention is developed based on Eclipse4DIAC distributed industrial automation control software, and solves the problems of insufficient flexibility and poor expansibility of a centralized development mode of a traditional electric vehicle ordered charging control system.
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a construction method of an electric automobile ordered charging control system based on IEC 61499;
FIG. 2 is a functional block structure;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of function block execution;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a distributed electric vehicle charging station configuration;
fig. 5 is a flow chart of an ordered charge control function block.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, a method for constructing an orderly charging control system for an electric vehicle based on IEC61499 specifically includes the following steps:
step 1, building an ordered charging control function block containing the ordered charging control method of the electric automobile by adopting a 4DIAC-IDE distributed application development environment.
The 4DIAC-IDE is a distributed application program development environment supporting IEC61499 standard, provides an application program graphical construction interface and detects the data type transmitted among the ordered charging control function blocks.
The ordered charging control function block is designed as a user application layer of a control system, provides a basic logic control function, is used for designing a charging application task and a control logic, encapsulates a basic function block, a service interface function block, an adapter and a sub-application program, conforms to the IEC61499 standard, and realizes the ordered charging control function as follows:
s1, obtaining a parking time period and expected charging electric quantity corresponding to each electric vehicle to be charged in the platform area, and a platform area load change curve;
specifically, the method for acquiring the parking time interval and the expected charging electric quantity corresponding to each electric vehicle to be charged in the platform area comprises the following steps:
and receiving the parking time interval and the expected charging electric quantity corresponding to the electric automobile to be charged sent by the user.
The method for acquiring the load of the transformer area and the load change curve of the transformer area comprises the following steps:
and reading the corresponding platform area load and the platform area load change curve in the database.
S2, determining the charging time required by the electric vehicle to be charged to reach the expected charging capacity according to the expected charging capacity corresponding to each electric vehicle to be charged;
determining the charging time required by the electric vehicle to be charged to reach the expected charging electric quantity according to the expected charging electric quantity corresponding to each electric vehicle to be charged, specifically:
and dividing the expected charging electric quantity corresponding to each electric automobile to be charged by the charging power of the charging pile to obtain the charging time required by each electric automobile to be charged to reach the expected charging electric quantity.
S3, according to the parking period of each electric vehicle to be charged, the charging time required for each electric vehicle to be charged to reach the expected charging capacity, the distribution plan of the charging period corresponding to each electric vehicle to be charged is formulated by utilizing the ordered charging control model of the electric vehicles, and the distribution plan of the charging period is specifically as follows:
dividing each hour into a plurality of time periods according to an equal interval dividing mode, wherein the time periods are used as a minimum charging time unit;
determining the number of charging time units required by each electric vehicle to be charged according to the charging time required by each electric vehicle to be charged to reach the expected charging electric quantity;
randomly distributing the number of the charging time units required by each electric vehicle to be charged to the corresponding parking time period to obtain an initial charging time unit distribution plan corresponding to each electric vehicle to be charged;
and obtaining a charging time period distribution plan corresponding to each electric vehicle to be charged by utilizing the electric vehicle ordered charging control model according to the distribution plan of the platform area load, the platform area load change curve and the initial charging time unit corresponding to each electric vehicle to be charged.
The ordered charging control function block is used for designing control tasks and control logics of an ordered charging system of the electric automobile, and the ordered charging control function block containing the ordered charging control method of the electric automobile is built, and specifically comprises the following steps: packaging an electric vehicle ordered charging control model into an ordered charging control function block, wherein the electric vehicle ordered charging control model comprises a calculation model and an optimization model;
the calculation model is as follows:
wherein ,
F2＝min[max(Plk')-min(Plk')]
Plk+Pk<PT
in the formula, F is a total objective function of the calculation model; f1The power grid of the transformer area contains the load fluctuation variance of the charging load of the electric automobile; f2The power grid of the transformer area contains the peak-valley difference of the charging load curve of the electric automobile; f3Charging cost for the electric vehicle when the electric vehicle participates in dispatching; f1 0The power grid of the transformer area does not contain the load fluctuation variance of the charging load of the electric automobile,obtained through load prediction before the day; pTThe rated power of the transformer; f3 0Charging cost when the electric automobile does not participate in dispatching; alpha is alpha1Weight coefficient, alpha, for the load fluctuation variance of the grid2Weight coefficient, alpha, for the peak-to-valley difference of the grid load curve3Cost weighting factor for charging an electric vehicle, and α1+α2+α3＝1；PlkLoading the power grid of the transformer area in the kth time period without the charging load of the electric automobile; pkCharging power for the charging station for the kth time period; pavThe daily average load of a power grid of a transformer area without the charging load of the electric automobile is obtained; max (P)lk') is a platform area power grid load peak value containing the charging load of the electric automobile; min (P)lk') is a platform district electric network load valley value containing the electric automobile charging load; x is the number ofiThe charging pile is in the working state of the ith minimum charging time unit, wherein '1' represents working, and '0' represents non-working; qiThe power grid price of the ith minimum charging time unit; pcCharging power for the charging pile; Δ t is the time interval size of the minimum charging time unit; t is the total elapsed time of the current vehicle charge; cn,endThe expected electric quantity at the end of charging of the nth electric automobile; cn,sartThe electric quantity when the nth electric automobile starts to be charged; cn,maxThe maximum allowable electric quantity of the nth electric automobile;
the optimization model is as follows:
vid＝ω*vid+c1*rand()*(pid-xid)+c2*rand()*(pig-xid)
in the formula ,vidThe velocity vector of the ith dimension of the group d in the particle swarm optimization is obtained; omega is an inertia weight coefficient in the particle swarm algorithm; c. C1The method comprises the following steps of (1) obtaining a cognitive learning factor in a particle swarm algorithm; c. C2The social learning factor in the particle swarm algorithm is adopted; p is a radical ofidThe optimal position of the ith dimension of the group of the d group is obtained; x is the number ofidThe position of the ith dimension of the current group population is obtained; p is a radical ofigThe particle position of the ith dimension of the currently calculated optimal solution; s (v)id) Represents the position xidTaking the probability of 1; f (n) is the probability that the ith population is selected; fpdThe optimal fitness of the d group in the artificial bee colony algorithm is adopted; x is the number ofid' is the calculated position of the new particle;
the step length is in the range of [ -1,1 [ ]]；pgAnd the optimal position of the population particles.
And 2, placing the ordered charging control function block into an ordered charging control library, wherein the ordered charging control library further comprises a basic function block, a communication function block, a digital logic function block and a mathematical operation function block.
The ordered charging control library is designed as a control system kernel system layer, digital logic, mathematical operation, ordered charging control algorithm and upper computer network communication function blocks are packaged except basic function blocks provided in the 4DIAC-IDE, and an ordered charging control interface of the electric automobile is provided for the upper ordered charging control function blocks to call.
And 3, calling the ordered charging control library in the 4DIAC-IDE distributed application development environment, and compiling the functional blocks in the ordered charging control library to generate an ordered charging control application program file of the electric vehicle.
Preferably, the ordered charge control library is called in a dynamic link mode.
And 4, running a Forte running environment based on the IEC61499 standard on the bottom layer equipment of the electric automobile charging pile controller, and realizing the ordered charging control of the electric automobile charging pile controller by the electric automobile ordered charging control application program file through a TCP protocol.
That is to say, the IEC61499 standard is implemented when the electric vehicle charging pile controller underlay device Forte runs, so as to provide a system environment for application running and data interactive communication.
Specifically, the electric vehicle charging pile controller uses a linux operating system.
The electric automobile charging pile controller comprises a north interface and a south interface, wherein the north interface comprises a 2-path Ethernet interface and a 4G/5G module interface; the southbound interface comprises 6 paths of RS485 interfaces, 1 path of CAN interfaces, 2 paths of I2C interfaces, 2 paths of SPI interfaces, 1 path of USB2.0 interfaces, 4 paths of PWM3 paths of Ethernet interfaces and GPIO interfaces which CAN reach 103 paths at most.
The northbound interface is in communication connection with the master station through a network cable or 4G/5G to exchange data of the data center.
The south interface is communicated with the transformer of the transformer area through RS485 to read the electricity consumption data of the current transformer area, is used for calculating the electric quantity distributed by charging of the electric automobile, is communicated with each charging pile through CAN, and is communicated with a user mobile phone through wifi/BT.
And 5, responding to the ordered charging control task of the electric automobile by a driving unit of bottom equipment of the electric automobile charging pile controller, completing the establishment of an ordered charging control system of the electric automobile, and cooperatively controlling the plurality of electric automobile charging pile controllers.
The driving unit is used for providing an operation interface of the external device and realizing a driving program of the device.
A distributed application development environment 4DIAC-IDE based on an Eclipse4DIAC framework provides a friendly user application program building interface, and a user can build a control algorithm of the user by dragging a module on the interface. Meanwhile, the 4DIAC-IDE can detect the data types transmitted among the modules, can carry out corresponding error prompt on unmatched data types, and also provides the functions of real-time data playback and online parameter adjustment, thereby facilitating the debugging of the control algorithm.
The underlying device Forte runtime environment provides support for on-line reconfiguration of its applications and real-time execution of all function block types provided by the IEC61499 standard. All IEC61131-3 version 2 basic data types, structures and arrays are supported. The bottom device runtime environment provides a flexible basic communication architecture for the upper applications through the communication layer.
The driving unit is designed as a device driver layer for providing an operation interface of the external device for the upper layer program and implementing a driver of the device. The upper layer program can be realized in the operating equipment, and only the interface of the driver needs to be called.
The physical input and output unit is designed as a basic IO interface of the equipment, comprises a network protocol interface and provides a physical interface for data acquisition of the equipment and data communication between the equipment.
The distributed application program development environment adopts an Eclipse4DIAC distributed open-source software framework and is mainly composed of a development environment IDE and a runtime Forte. IDE uses java developed programs and Forte uses C + +.
The charging pile controller needs to carry peripheral communication modules including but not limited to an RS-485 interface, a UART serial port, a CAN port and the like besides a CPU main control chip, and a software platform used by the charging pile controller needs to be a linux operating system.
The function block is one of the most important concepts in the IEC61499 standard, and is essentially a graphical programming method. A function block is a piece of standard software whose leads are either input data or output data. The connecting lines of the network diagram represent the manner in which data is referenced between the functional blocks. The IEC61499 assumes a function block with event input and output, and this standard adds event input and output terminals to the function block. Events are used to determine the change of state of a function block, which will not change whenever an input event arrives, determining how to execute the internal algorithm. Events can more specifically describe the synchronous relationship of data and internal algorithm execution between function blocks.
As shown in fig. 1, the ordered charging control system for the electric vehicle is composed of an ordered charging control library, an ordered charging control function block, a distributed application development environment 4DIAC-IDE of an Eclipse4DIAC framework, an underlying device runtime environment, a driving unit and a physical input/output unit.
The service flow of the electric automobile ordered charging implementation method based on the IEC61499 standard is as follows, aiming at the distributed electric automobile ordered charging control system, when a user writes an ordered charging control module by using 4DIAC-IDE, the IDE can automatically generate a control algorithm script. And when the distributed application program is designed, the IDE loads the ordered charging control library required in the user control algorithm in a dynamic link mode, and automatically generates an ordered charging control program. After the target equipment network is configured, one-key distributed deployment of the ordered charging control program can be realized, and the functional blocks are mapped to the corresponding charging pile controllers through a TCP protocol. When the system is deployed on a plurality of charging pile controllers, a communication function block is added to realize transmission between events and data, and then synchronous control over the charging piles is realized through a hardware driving unit and a physical input and output unit. Data collected by the intelligent charging pile terminal are also transmitted back to an upper application program through a TCP protocol.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram, with all operations of the IEC61499 function block synchronized by events. The associated data is already present at their inputs before the event arrives. The internal program of the function block is divided into two parts, one is an execution control program segment which decides the execution of the algorithm according to the input events, and the other is the algorithm. The algorithm uses input data and produces output data. When the internal algorithm execution is complete, the execution control program segment will determine the output event from the more internal state diagram.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart showing the execution of the functional blocks, and the specific steps are as follows:
t1 the corresponding input data variable value is available;
t2 occurrence of an event at the event input;
t3 executing the control function to inform the resource scheduling function to schedule an algorithm to execute;
t4 algorithm execution begins;
t5 algorithm output value;
t6 the resource scheduling function informs the algorithm execution end;
t7 scheduling the function call to execute the control function;
t8 executes a control function to output an event at the event output.
As shown in fig. 4, which is a structural block diagram of a distributed electric vehicle charging station, in an electric vehicle charging scenario, a charging pile controller is in communication connection with a master station in the north direction to exchange data of a data center; in the south direction, the current transformer area electricity utilization data are read through communication between the RS485(DLT698.45) and the transformer area, and the electricity utilization data are used for calculating the electric quantity distributed by charging of the electric automobile; and communicating and controlling with each charging pile through the CAN.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above-mentioned embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention, which are used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: any person skilled in the art can modify or easily conceive the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalent substitutes for some technical features within the technical scope of the present disclosure; such modifications, changes or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included therein. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A building method of an electric automobile ordered charging control system based on IEC61499 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
building an ordered charging control function block containing an ordered charging control method of the electric automobile by adopting a 4DIAC-IDE distributed application development environment;
putting the ordered charging control function block into an ordered charging control library, wherein the ordered charging control library also comprises a basic function block, a communication function block, a digital logic function block and a mathematical operation function block;
calling an ordered charging control library under a 4DIAC-IDE distributed application development environment, and compiling functional blocks in the ordered charging control library to generate an ordered charging control application program file of the electric vehicle;
running a Forte running environment based on IEC61499 standard on bottom equipment of the electric automobile charging pile controller to realize the ordered charging control of the electric automobile charging pile controller by the ordered charging control application program file;
and the driving unit of the bottom layer equipment of the electric automobile charging pile controller responds to the ordered charging control task of the electric automobile, so that the ordered charging control system of the electric automobile is built, and the cooperative control of the plurality of electric automobile charging pile controllers is realized.
2. The method for building the orderly electric vehicle charging control system based on IEC61499 according to claim 1, wherein the building of the orderly charging control function block including the orderly electric vehicle charging control method specifically comprises:
packaging an electric vehicle ordered charging control model into the ordered charging control function block, wherein the electric vehicle ordered charging control model comprises a calculation model and an optimization model;
the calculation model is as follows:
wherein ,
F2＝min[max(Plk')-min(Plk')]
Plk+Pk<PT
in the formula, F is a total objective function of the calculation model; f1The power grid of the transformer area contains the load fluctuation variance of the charging load of the electric automobile; f2The power grid of the transformer area contains the peak-valley difference of the charging load curve of the electric automobile; f3Charging cost for the electric vehicle when the electric vehicle participates in dispatching; f1 0Load fluctuation variance of the charging load of the electric vehicle is not contained in the power grid of the transformer area, and the load fluctuation variance is obtained through load prediction before the day; pTThe rated power of the transformer; f3 0Charging cost when the electric automobile does not participate in dispatching; alpha is alpha1Weight coefficient, alpha, for the load fluctuation variance of the grid2Weight coefficient, alpha, for the peak-to-valley difference of the grid load curve3Cost weighting factor for charging an electric vehicle, and α1+α2+α3＝1；PlkLoading the power grid of the transformer area in the kth time period without the charging load of the electric automobile; pkCharging power for the charging station for the kth time period; pavThe daily average load of a power grid of a transformer area without the charging load of the electric automobile is obtained; max (P)lk') is a platform area power grid load peak value containing the charging load of the electric automobile; min (P)lk') is a platform district electric network load valley value containing the electric automobile charging load; x is the number ofiThe charging pile is in the working state of the ith minimum charging time unit, wherein '1' represents working, and '0' represents non-working; qiThe power grid price of the ith minimum charging time unit; pcCharging power for the charging pile; Δ t is the time interval size of the minimum charging time unit; t is the total elapsed time of the current vehicle charge; cn,endThe expected electric quantity at the end of charging of the nth electric automobile; cn,sartThe electric quantity when the nth electric automobile starts to be charged; cn,maxThe maximum allowable electric quantity of the nth electric automobile;
the optimization model is as follows:
vid＝ω*vid+c1*rand()*(pid-xid)+c2*rand()*(pig-xid)
in the formula ,vidThe velocity vector of the ith dimension of the group d in the particle swarm optimization is obtained; omega is an inertia weight coefficient in the particle swarm algorithm; c. C1The method comprises the following steps of (1) obtaining a cognitive learning factor in a particle swarm algorithm; c. C2The social learning factor in the particle swarm algorithm is adopted; p is a radical ofidThe optimal position of the ith dimension of the group of the d group is obtained; x is the number ofidThe position of the ith dimension of the current group population is obtained; p is a radical ofigThe particle position of the ith dimension of the currently calculated optimal solution; s (v)id) Represents the position xidTaking the probability of 1; f (n) is the probability that the ith population is selected; fpdThe optimal fitness of the d group in the artificial bee colony algorithm is adopted; x is the number ofid' is the calculated position of the new particle;
the step length is in the range of [ -1,1 [ ]]；pgAnd the optimal position of the population particles.
3. The method for building the orderly charging control system for the electric vehicle based on IEC61499 according to claim 1, wherein the orderly charging control library is called under a 4DIAC-IDE distributed application development environment, and specifically comprises:
and calling the ordered charging control library in a dynamic link mode.
4. The method for building the orderly electric vehicle charging control system based on IEC61499 according to claim 1, wherein the electric vehicle charging pile controller comprises a north interface and a south interface;
the northbound interface comprises a 2-path Ethernet interface and a 4G/5G module interface;
the southbound interface comprises 6 paths of RS485 interfaces, 1 path of CAN interfaces, 2 paths of I2C interfaces, 2 paths of SPI interfaces, 1 path of USB2.0 interfaces, 4 paths of PWM3 paths of Ethernet interfaces and GPIO interfaces which CAN reach 103 paths at most.
5. The method for building the orderly electric vehicle charging control system according to claim 4, wherein the northbound interface is in communication connection with the master station through a network cable or 4G/5G to exchange data of a data center.
6. The method for establishing the orderly electric vehicle charging control system according to claim 4, wherein the southbound interface communicates with a transformer of a platform area through RS485 to read the current electricity utilization data of the platform area, communicates with each charging pile through CAN, and communicates with a mobile phone of a user through wifi/BT.
7. The method for building the orderly electric vehicle charging control system based on IEC61499 according to claim 1, wherein the electric vehicle charging pile controller uses a linux operating system.
8. The method for building the orderly electric vehicle charging control system based on IEC61499 according to claim 1, characterized in that the orderly charging control of the electric vehicle charging pile controller by the orderly charging control application program file of the electric vehicle is realized through TCP protocol.
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