CN113926303A - Low partial pressure carbon dioxide entrapment absorption tower - Google Patents

Low partial pressure carbon dioxide entrapment absorption tower Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113926303A
CN113926303A CN202111059619.6A CN202111059619A CN113926303A CN 113926303 A CN113926303 A CN 113926303A CN 202111059619 A CN202111059619 A CN 202111059619A CN 113926303 A CN113926303 A CN 113926303A
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China
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stage
water inlet
communicated
amine
inlet
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CN113926303B (en
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李清方
尚明华
刘海丽
王辉
陆胤君
王伟健
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Oilfield Service Corp
Sinopec Petroleum Engineering Corp
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Oilfield Service Corp
Sinopec Petroleum Engineering Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/60—Simultaneously removing sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
    • B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/96—Regeneration, reactivation or recycling of reactants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/30—Alkali metal compounds
    • B01D2251/304—Alkali metal compounds of sodium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/60—Inorganic bases or salts
    • B01D2251/604—Hydroxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/80—Organic bases or salts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-partial-pressure carbon dioxide capturing and absorbing tower, which relates to the technical field of carbon dioxide emission reduction equipment and comprises a tower body, wherein a primary washing structure, an absorbing structure, a secondary washing structure and a tertiary washing structure which are sequentially communicated are arranged in the tower body; the first-stage washing structure comprises a flue gas inlet, a first-stage water inlet and a first-stage water outlet, the absorption structure comprises a first amine escape control bed, a barren solution inlet and a rich solution outlet, the second-stage washing structure comprises a second amine escape control bed, a second-stage water inlet and a second-stage water outlet, and the third-stage washing structure comprises a third amine escape control bed, a third-stage water inlet, a third-stage water outlet and a tail gas discharge outlet; the first-stage water outlet is communicated with the first-stage water inlet and the third-stage water inlet respectively, the second-stage water outlet is communicated with the second-stage water inlet, and the third-stage water outlet is communicated with the third-stage water inlet. The invention integrates the functions of flue gas purification, carbon dioxide absorption and amine escape control, and reduces the occupied area.

Description

Low partial pressure carbon dioxide entrapment absorption tower
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of carbon dioxide emission reduction equipment, in particular to a low-partial-pressure carbon dioxide capturing and absorbing tower.
Background
A large amount of low-partial-pressure carbon dioxide exists in tail gas discharged by enterprises such as coal-fired power plants, cement kilns, steel plants, refining plants and the like, the method is a key field of national carbon dioxide emission reduction, and in consideration of factors such as carbon dioxide capture cost, technical maturity and the like, the conventional low-partial-pressure carbon dioxide capture system mostly adopts a chemical absorption method, and before an amine absorbent is adopted in an absorption tower to capture carbon dioxide, raw gas needs to be washed in a washing tower, the temperature is controlled, and solid particles, SO and the like need to be washed in the washing tower2And harmful components such as NOx and the like, and the amine escape, water balance and the like of the capture system need to be controlled, the whole absorption reaction system needs links such as a raw material deep purification tower, an absorption tower, a washing tower and the like, and the system has long flow, large occupied area and high cost, and is not beneficial to the construction of a large-scale carbon dioxide capture system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-partial-pressure carbon dioxide capturing and absorbing tower, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art, integrates flue gas purification, carbon dioxide absorption and amine escape control, reduces the floor area and provides a new idea for the design and manufacture of a large low-partial-pressure carbon dioxide capturing reactor.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a low-partial-pressure carbon dioxide capturing and absorbing tower which comprises a tower body, wherein a primary washing structure, an absorbing structure, a secondary washing structure and a tertiary washing structure which are sequentially communicated are arranged in the tower body;
the first-stage washing structure comprises a flue gas inlet, a first-stage water inlet and a first-stage water outlet, the absorption structure comprises a first amine escape control bed, a lean solution inlet and a rich solution outlet, the second-stage washing structure comprises a second amine escape control bed, a second-stage water inlet and a second-stage water outlet, and the third-stage washing structure comprises a third amine escape control bed, a third-stage water inlet, a third-stage water outlet and a tail gas discharge outlet;
the primary water outlet is communicated with the primary water inlet and the tertiary water inlet respectively, the secondary water outlet is communicated with the secondary water inlet, and the tertiary water outlet is communicated with the tertiary water inlet;
the device comprises a first-stage water inlet, a barren liquor inlet, a flue gas outlet, an absorption structure, a tail gas exhaust port and a flue gas exhaust port, wherein the first-stage water inlet is used for introducing alkaline liquid, the barren liquor inlet is used for introducing an absorbent, the flue gas inlet is used for introducing flue gas, the flue gas enters the first-stage washing structure through the flue gas inlet to realize the purification of the flue gas, the purified flue gas enters the absorption structure to react with the absorbent introduced from the barren liquor inlet to absorb carbon dioxide in the flue gas to form tail gas with the absorbent, and the tail gas with the absorbent sequentially passes through the second-stage washing structure and the third-stage washing structure to form tail gas which is discharged through the tail gas exhaust port.
Preferably, the primary washing structure further comprises a first mist catching net, a first packing structure and a first liquid holding cavity which are arranged from top to bottom;
the first-stage water inlet, the smoke inlet and the first-stage water outlet are arranged from top to bottom, the first-stage water inlet is located between the fillers of the first filler structure, and the smoke inlet and the first-stage water outlet are communicated with the first liquid holding cavity.
Preferably, a first liquid distributor is arranged between the fillers of the first filler structure, and the first liquid distributor is communicated with the primary water inlet.
Preferably, the absorption structure further comprises a second mist catching net, a first amine escape control bed, a second packing structure and a second liquid holding cavity which are arranged from top to bottom, the lean liquid inlet is arranged between the first amine escape control bed and the second packing structure, and the rich liquid outlet is communicated with the second liquid holding cavity.
Preferably, the absorption structure further comprises a first gas distributor, the first gas distributor is communicated with the second liquid holding cavity, and the flue gas enters the absorption structure through the first gas distributor after being purified by the primary washing structure;
and a second liquid distributor is also arranged between the first amine escape control bed and the second packing structure and is communicated with the barren liquor inlet.
Preferably, the second-stage washing structure further comprises a third liquid holding cavity, the third liquid holding cavity is located below the second amine escape control bed, the second amine escape control bed is communicated with the third liquid holding cavity through a downcomer, the second water outlet is communicated with the third liquid holding cavity, and the second water inlet is located above the second amine escape control bed.
Preferably, a third liquid distributor is arranged above the second amine escape control bed and is communicated with the secondary water inlet.
Preferably, the tertiary washing structure further comprises a fourth liquid holding cavity, the fourth liquid holding cavity is located below the tertiary amine escape control bed, the tail gas discharge port is located above the tertiary amine escape control bed, the tertiary water inlet and the tertiary water outlet are both communicated with the fourth liquid holding cavity, and the tertiary water inlet is located above the tertiary water outlet.
Preferably, a fourth liquid distributor is arranged below the third amine escape control bed and is communicated with the tertiary water inlet;
the third-stage washing structure further comprises a second gas distributor, the second gas distributor is communicated with the fourth liquid holding cavity, and the second gas distributor is used for communicating the second-stage washing structure with the third-stage washing structure.
Preferably, the primary water outlet is communicated with the primary water inlet through a first pipeline, and a first heat exchanger is arranged on the first pipeline and used for reducing the temperature of liquid in the first pipeline;
the first-stage water outlet is communicated with the third-stage water inlet through a second pipeline, a first heating structure is arranged on the second pipeline, and the first heating structure is used for increasing the temperature of liquid in the second pipeline;
the second-stage water outlet is communicated with the second-stage water inlet through a third pipeline, a second heat exchanger is arranged on the third pipeline, and the second heat exchanger is used for reducing the temperature of liquid in the third pipeline;
the third-stage water outlet is communicated with the third-stage water inlet through a fourth pipeline, a second heating structure is arranged on the fourth pipeline, and the second heating structure is used for increasing the temperature of liquid in the fourth pipeline.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the low partial pressure carbon dioxide capturing and absorbing tower controls the temperature of raw material flue gas, solid particles and SO through a primary washing structure2NOx and other harmful components are beneficial to controlling the subsequent absorption reaction temperature field and the degradation of amine liquid; the first amine escape control bed arranged by the absorption structure is convenient for controlling the free amine liquid; saturated amine liquid is recovered through a secondary washing structure by low-temperature liquid washing, so that amine escape is effectively controlled; the high-temperature alkaline hot water washing of the three-stage washing structure is adopted, the exhaust gas temperature and the water balance of the system are controlled, and part of the absorbent is recycled.
The invention adopts an integrated tower structure, effectively optimizes the internal structure, has more uniform gas-liquid distribution of the system and is beneficial to improving the reaction efficiency of the system. The invention integrates the deep purification tower, the absorption tower and the washing tower which are separately constructed in the traditional process, can greatly reduce the construction land of the trapping system and reduce the equipment investment.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a low partial pressure carbon dioxide capture absorber according to the present invention;
wherein: 100-low partial pressure carbon dioxide capturing and absorbing tower, 1-flue gas inlet; 2-a first-level water inlet; 3-a first liquid distributor; 4-a first filler structure; 5-a first mist catching net; 6-a first level gauge; 7-first-stage water outlet; 8-a first gas distributor; 9-a second level gauge; 10-a second filler structure; 11-barren liquor inlet; 12-a second liquid distributor; 13-rich liquid outlet; 14-first amine slip control bed; 15-a second mist catching net; 16-a secondary water inlet; 17-a third liquid distributor; an 18-second amine escape control bed; 19-a downcomer; 20-a secondary water outlet; 21-a second gas distributor; 22-a third-level water inlet; 23-a fourth liquid distributor; 24-a third-level water outlet; 25-a third level gauge; 26-a fourth level gauge; 27-tertiary amine escape control beds; 28-tail gas discharge port, 29-first-stage washing structure; 30-an absorbent structure; 31-secondary wash structure; 32-three stage wash configuration.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a low-partial-pressure carbon dioxide capturing and absorbing tower, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art, integrates flue gas purification, carbon dioxide absorption and amine escape control, reduces the floor area and provides a new idea for the design and manufacture of a large low-partial-pressure carbon dioxide capturing reactor.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
As shown in fig. 1: the embodiment provides a low partial pressure carbon dioxide capturing and absorbing tower 100, which comprises a tower body, wherein a primary washing structure 29, an absorbing structure 30, a secondary washing structure 31 and a tertiary washing structure 32 are arranged in the tower body and are sequentially communicated; the primary washing structure 29 comprises a flue gas inlet 1, a primary water inlet 2 and a primary water outlet 7, the absorption structure 30 comprises a first amine escape control bed 14, a barren liquor inlet 11 and a rich liquor outlet 13, the secondary washing structure 31 comprises a second amine escape control bed 18, a secondary water inlet 16 and a secondary water outlet 20, and the tertiary washing structure 32 comprises a third amine escape control bed 27, a tertiary water inlet 22, a tertiary water outlet 24 and a tail gas discharge outlet 28; the primary water outlet 7 is respectively communicated with the primary water inlet 2 and the tertiary water inlet 22, the secondary water outlet 20 is communicated with the secondary water inlet 16, and the tertiary water outlet 24 is communicated with the tertiary water inlet 22; the first-stage water inlet 2 is used for introducing alkaline liquid, the barren liquor inlet 11 is used for introducing an absorbent, the flue gas inlet 1 is used for introducing flue gas, the flue gas enters the first-stage washing structure 29 through the flue gas inlet 1 to realize flue gas purification, the purified flue gas enters the absorption structure 30 to react with the absorbent introduced through the barren liquor inlet 11 so as to absorb carbon dioxide in the flue gas to form tail gas with the absorbent, and the tail gas with the absorbent sequentially passes through the second-stage washing structure 31 and the third-stage washing structure 32 to form tail gas which is discharged through the tail gas discharge port 28.
In this embodiment, the primary washing structure 29 further includes a first mist catching net 5, a first packing structure 4 and a first liquid holding cavity, which are arranged from top to bottom; the primary water inlet 2, the flue gas inlet 1 and the primary water outlet 7 are arranged from top to bottom, the primary water inlet 2 is located between the fillers of the first filler structure 4, and the flue gas inlet 1 and the primary water outlet 7 are communicated with the first liquid holding cavity. The first packing structure 4 is used for increasing the gas-liquid contact area and facilitating mass and heat transfer. The liquid obtained by the first mist catching net 5 flows into the first liquid holding cavity for recycling.
In this embodiment, the first liquid distributor 3 is disposed between the fillers of the first filler structure 4, and the first liquid distributor 3 is communicated with the primary water inlet 2.
In the embodiment, the alkaline liquid introduced through the primary water inlet 2 contains a small amount of sodium hydroxide, the temperature of the introduced alkaline liquid is below 40 ℃, and the alkaline liquid reacts with the flue gas entering through the flue gas inlet 1 due to SO in the flue gas2And part of NOx is acid gas and is easy to dissolve in water, and after the NOx is dissolved in alkaline liquid, acid-base neutralization reaction is carried out, and solid particles can be washed away by the alkaline liquid, so that the flue gas purification is realized. And the temperature of the alkaline liquid below 40 ℃ reduces the temperature of the flue gas at 52 ℃ to 45 ℃, so that the cooling of the flue gas is realized.
In this embodiment, the absorption structure 30 further includes a second mist trap 15, a first amine escape control bed 14, a second packing structure 10, and a second liquid holding chamber, which are arranged from top to bottom, the lean liquid inlet 11 is arranged between the first amine escape control bed 14 and the second packing structure 10, and the rich liquid outlet 13 is communicated with the second liquid holding chamber. The second packing structure 10 is used for increasing the gas-liquid contact area, and facilitating mass and heat transfer. The liquid obtained by the second mist catching net 15 flows into the second liquid holding cavity for recycling.
In this embodiment, the absorption structure 30 further includes a first gas distributor 8, the first gas distributor 8 is communicated with the second liquid holding cavity, and the flue gas enters the absorption structure 30 through the first gas distributor 8 after being purified by the primary washing structure 29; a second liquid distributor 12 is also disposed between the first amine escape control bed 14 and the second packing structure 10, the second liquid distributor 12 being in communication with the lean liquid inlet 11.
The absorbent is a composite amine solution with the mass fraction of 30%, and the absorbent and carbon dioxide can generate chemical reaction to generate stable carbamate, release heat, then become rich liquid, and enter a subsequent process through a rich liquid outlet 13; the rich solution containing carbamate needs more energy to decompose and desorb the carbon dioxide, namely, the regeneration process of the rich solution is an endothermic process, namely, the process of removing the carbon dioxide in the flue gas.
In this embodiment, the secondary washing structure 31 further includes a third liquid holding cavity, the third liquid holding cavity is located below the second amine escape control bed 18, the second amine escape control bed 18 is communicated with the third liquid holding cavity through a downcomer 19, the amine liquid collected by the second amine escape control bed 18 enters the third liquid holding cavity through the downcomer 19, the secondary water discharge port 20 is communicated with the third liquid holding cavity, and the secondary water inlet 16 is located above the second amine escape control bed 18.
In this embodiment, a third liquid distributor 17 is disposed above the second amine escape control bed 18, and the third liquid distributor 17 is communicated with the secondary water inlet 16.
In this embodiment, the third-stage washing structure 32 further includes a fourth liquid holding cavity, the fourth liquid holding cavity is located below the third amine escape control bed 27, the tail gas discharge port 28 is located above the third amine escape control bed 27, the third-stage water inlet 22 and the third-stage water outlet 24 are both communicated with the fourth liquid holding cavity, and the third-stage water inlet 22 is located above the third-stage water outlet 24.
In this embodiment, a fourth liquid distributor 23 is arranged below the third amine escape control bed 27, and the fourth liquid distributor 23 is communicated with the tertiary water inlet 22; the tertiary washing structure 32 further comprises a second gas distributor 21, the second gas distributor 21 is communicated with the fourth liquid holding chamber, and the second gas distributor 21 is used for communicating the secondary washing structure 31 and the tertiary washing structure 32.
In this embodiment, the primary water outlet 7 is communicated with the primary water inlet 2 through a first pipeline, and a first heat exchanger is arranged on the first pipeline and used for reducing the temperature of liquid in the first pipeline; the first-stage water outlet 7 is communicated with the third-stage water inlet 22 through a second pipeline, and a first heating structure is arranged on the second pipeline and used for increasing the temperature of liquid in the second pipeline; the secondary water outlet 20 is communicated with the secondary water inlet 16 through a third pipeline, a second heat exchanger is arranged on the third pipeline and used for reducing the temperature of liquid in the third pipeline, so that the secondary washing structure 31 forms a condensation recovery control system, and the liquid in the secondary washing structure 31 is discharged from the secondary water outlet 20 and then enters the secondary washing structure 31 through the secondary water inlet 16 for circulation; the third-stage water outlet 24 is communicated with the third-stage water inlet 22 through a fourth pipeline, a second heating structure is arranged on the fourth pipeline and used for increasing the temperature of liquid in the fourth pipeline, so that the third-stage washing structure 32 forms a hot water washing system, and the liquid of the third-stage washing structure 32 is discharged from the third-stage water outlet 24 and then enters the third-stage washing structure 32 through the third-stage water inlet 22 to circulate. After the temperature of the liquid in the second pipeline and the liquid in the fourth pipeline rises, the liquid enters the three-stage washing structure 32, so that the temperature of the tail gas rises to be the same as the temperature of the flue gas entering through the flue gas inlet 1, and the low partial pressure carbon dioxide capturing and absorbing tower 100 maintains the water balance of the system.
In this embodiment, the first liquid holding cavity is provided with the first liquid level meter 6, the second liquid holding cavity is provided with the second liquid level meter 9, the third liquid holding cavity is provided with the third liquid level meter 25, the fourth liquid holding cavity is provided with the fourth liquid level meter 26, and the liquid level meters are used for measuring the liquid level height of the first liquid holding cavity, the second liquid holding cavity, the third liquid holding cavity and the fourth liquid holding cavity.
In this embodiment, the first amine escape control bed 14, the second amine escape control bed 18, and the third amine escape control bed 27 are all provided with a filler, and the amine liquid is collected and collected into the corresponding liquid holding cavities by the filler, so as to avoid amine escape.
The process flow of the low partial pressure carbon dioxide capturing and absorbing tower 100 according to the present embodiment is as follows:
the flue gas from the outside (chimney of the power plant) enters through the flue gas inlet 1 at the lower part of the primary washing structure 29 to remove SO in the flue gas2And partial NOx, simultaneously, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 45 ℃, then the flue gas enters an absorption structure 30 through a first packing structure 4, a first mist catching net 5 and a first gas distributor 8, and then the flue gas and an absorbent sprayed by a lean solution inlet 11 and a second liquid distributor 12 are subjected to mass and heat transfer through a second packing structure 10 to remove carbon dioxide in the flue gas, the flue gas is changed into tail gas, and the tail gas with the absorbent enters a secondary washing stage through a first amine escape control bed 14 and a second mist catching net 15The washing structure 31 is contacted with the washing water entering through the secondary water inlet 16 and the third liquid distributor 17 in a parallel flow manner, so as to further remove amine liquid carried in the tail gas, and the amine liquid enters a third liquid holding cavity at the bottom of the secondary washing structure 31 through a downcomer 19 and then is discharged through a secondary water outlet 20. The washed tail gas enters a third-stage washing structure 32 through a second gas distributor 21, and is in countercurrent contact with washing water sprayed from a third-stage water inlet 22 and a fourth liquid distributor 23, the tail gas is further washed, and the amine liquid carried in the washed tail gas is removed through a third amine escape control bed 27 and then returns to a chimney of a power plant.
The low partial pressure carbon dioxide capturing and absorbing tower 100 of the embodiment realizes deep purification of flue gas through the primary washing structure 29, realizes absorption of carbon dioxide through the absorption structure 30, and realizes amine escape control of tail gas through the secondary washing structure 31 and the tertiary washing structure 32. The embodiment integrates deep purification of flue gas, absorption reaction of carbon dioxide, amine escape control of tail gas and balance control of system water, and is internally provided with components such as a first filler structure 4 and a second filler structure 10 with high mass transfer efficiency, a first gas distributor 8 and a second gas distributor 21, a first liquid distributor 3, a second liquid distributor 12 and a third liquid distributor 17, a first amine escape control bed 14, a second amine escape control bed 18 and a third amine escape control bed 27, a first mist catching net 5 and a second mist catching net 15, and the like, so that the process flow can be greatly simplified, the occupied area can be reduced, and the construction cost can be reduced.
The principle and the implementation mode of the present invention are explained by applying specific examples in the present specification, and the above descriptions of the examples are only used to help understanding the method and the core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A low partial pressure carbon dioxide capture absorption tower is characterized in that: the device comprises a tower body, wherein a primary washing structure, an absorption structure, a secondary washing structure and a tertiary washing structure which are sequentially communicated are arranged in the tower body;
the first-stage washing structure comprises a flue gas inlet, a first-stage water inlet and a first-stage water outlet, the absorption structure comprises a first amine escape control bed, a lean solution inlet and a rich solution outlet, the second-stage washing structure comprises a second amine escape control bed, a second-stage water inlet and a second-stage water outlet, and the third-stage washing structure comprises a third amine escape control bed, a third-stage water inlet, a third-stage water outlet and a tail gas discharge outlet;
the primary water outlet is communicated with the primary water inlet and the tertiary water inlet respectively, the secondary water outlet is communicated with the secondary water inlet, and the tertiary water outlet is communicated with the tertiary water inlet;
the device comprises a first-stage water inlet, a barren liquor inlet, a flue gas outlet, an absorption structure, a tail gas exhaust port and a flue gas exhaust port, wherein the first-stage water inlet is used for introducing alkaline liquid, the barren liquor inlet is used for introducing an absorbent, the flue gas inlet is used for introducing flue gas, the flue gas enters the first-stage washing structure through the flue gas inlet to realize the purification of the flue gas, the purified flue gas enters the absorption structure to react with the absorbent introduced from the barren liquor inlet to absorb carbon dioxide in the flue gas to form tail gas with the absorbent, and the tail gas with the absorbent sequentially passes through the second-stage washing structure and the third-stage washing structure to form tail gas which is discharged through the tail gas exhaust port.
2. The low partial pressure carbon dioxide capture absorption tower of claim 1, wherein: the first-stage washing structure also comprises a first mist catching net, a first packing structure and a first liquid holding cavity which are arranged from top to bottom;
the first-stage water inlet, the smoke inlet and the first-stage water outlet are arranged from top to bottom, the first-stage water inlet is located between the fillers of the first filler structure, and the smoke inlet and the first-stage water outlet are communicated with the first liquid holding cavity.
3. The low partial pressure carbon dioxide capture absorption tower of claim 2, wherein: and a first liquid distributor is arranged between the fillers of the first filler structure and communicated with the primary water inlet.
4. The low partial pressure carbon dioxide capture absorption tower of claim 1, wherein: the absorption structure further comprises a second mist catching net, a first amine escape control bed, a second packing structure and a second liquid holding cavity which are arranged from top to bottom, the barren solution inlet is arranged between the first amine escape control bed and the second packing structure, and the rich solution outlet is communicated with the second liquid holding cavity.
5. The low partial pressure carbon dioxide capture absorption tower of claim 4, wherein: the absorption structure also comprises a first gas distributor, the first gas distributor is communicated with the second liquid holding cavity, and the flue gas enters the absorption structure through the first gas distributor after being purified by the primary washing structure;
and a second liquid distributor is also arranged between the first amine escape control bed and the second packing structure and is communicated with the barren liquor inlet.
6. The low partial pressure carbon dioxide capture absorption tower of claim 1, wherein: the second-stage washing structure further comprises a third liquid holding cavity, the third liquid holding cavity is located below the second amine escape control bed, the second amine escape control bed is communicated with the third liquid holding cavity through a downcomer, the second-stage water outlet is communicated with the third liquid holding cavity, and the second-stage water inlet is located above the second amine escape control bed.
7. The low partial pressure carbon dioxide capture absorption tower of claim 1, wherein: and a third liquid distributor is arranged above the second amine escape control bed and is communicated with the secondary water inlet.
8. The low partial pressure carbon dioxide capture absorption tower of claim 1, wherein: the tertiary washing structure further comprises a fourth liquid holding cavity, the fourth liquid holding cavity is located below the tertiary amine escape control bed, the tail gas discharge port is located above the tertiary amine escape control bed, the tertiary water inlet and the tertiary water outlet are communicated with the fourth liquid holding cavity, and the tertiary water inlet is located above the tertiary water outlet.
9. The low partial pressure carbon dioxide capture absorption tower of claim 8, wherein: a fourth liquid distributor is arranged below the third amine escape control bed and communicated with the third-stage water inlet;
the third-stage washing structure further comprises a second gas distributor, the second gas distributor is communicated with the fourth liquid holding cavity, and the second gas distributor is used for communicating the second-stage washing structure with the third-stage washing structure.
10. The low partial pressure carbon dioxide capture absorption tower of claim 1, wherein: the primary water outlet is communicated with the primary water inlet through a first pipeline, a first heat exchanger is arranged on the first pipeline, and the first heat exchanger is used for reducing the temperature of liquid in the first pipeline;
the first-stage water outlet is communicated with the third-stage water inlet through a second pipeline, a first heating structure is arranged on the second pipeline, and the first heating structure is used for increasing the temperature of liquid in the second pipeline;
the second-stage water outlet is communicated with the second-stage water inlet through a third pipeline, a second heat exchanger is arranged on the third pipeline, and the second heat exchanger is used for reducing the temperature of liquid in the third pipeline;
the third-stage water outlet is communicated with the third-stage water inlet through a fourth pipeline, a second heating structure is arranged on the fourth pipeline, and the second heating structure is used for increasing the temperature of liquid in the fourth pipeline.
CN202111059619.6A 2021-09-10 2021-09-10 Low partial pressure carbon dioxide entrapment absorption tower Active CN113926303B (en)

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CN113144836A (en) * 2021-05-20 2021-07-23 中国华电科工集团有限公司 Carbon dioxide capture rich solution flash evaporation regeneration waste heat recovery system
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