CN103007679B - Flue gas cleaning system capable of switching pollutant desorption technology and adsorbent regeneration technology and method thereof - Google Patents

Flue gas cleaning system capable of switching pollutant desorption technology and adsorbent regeneration technology and method thereof Download PDF

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CN103007679B
CN103007679B CN201210550517.9A CN201210550517A CN103007679B CN 103007679 B CN103007679 B CN 103007679B CN 201210550517 A CN201210550517 A CN 201210550517A CN 103007679 B CN103007679 B CN 103007679B
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fixed bed
bed reactors
adsorbent
flue gas
gas
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CN103007679A (en
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高继贤
李静
阎冬
杨春琪
何永胜
洪小松
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Shanghai Longking Environmental Protection Co ltd
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Shanghai Longking Environmental Protection Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention provides a flue gas cleaning system capable of switching a pollutant desorption technology and an adsorbent regeneration technology. The system comprises two or more fixed bed reactors, a regenerative heating device which is used for adsorbent regeneration, and a to-be-cleaned flue gas valve and a flue gas cleaning valve which are used for controlling switching between the pollutant desorption technology and the adsorbent regeneration technology, wherein each of the fixed bed reactor is internally provided with a central tube connected with a flue gas inlet, as well as a first adsorption layer and a second adsorption layer which are used for cleaning flue gas and arranged on the outer side of the central tube; and the upper end of the central tube is connected with a flue gas outlet. The invention further discloses a flue gas cleaning method using the system. The system can be used for performing the flue gas pollutant desorption technology and the adsorbent regeneration technology in one fixed bed reactor, and achieve the switching between the pollutant desorption technology and the adsorbent regeneration technology in the different fixed bed reactors.

Description

The switchable flue gas purification system of a kind of pollutant removing process/adsorbent reactivation technique and method
Technical field
The invention belongs to filed of flue gas purification, particularly, relate to the switchable flue gas purification system of a kind of pollutant removing process/adsorbent reactivation technique and method thereof, be applicable to the gas cleaning in Coal-fired Thermal Power, coal-burning boiler, iron making and sintering machine, nonferrous metallurgy and chemical building material field.
Background technology
The primary energy of China be take coal as main, coal is as a kind of non-clean fuel, in China, there is 84% coal directly to be burnt, cause China to take coal smoke type as main air pollution, produce a large amount of oxysulfide, nitrogen oxide and dust, cause the atmosphere pollution such as acid rain, greenhouse effects and depletion of the ozone layer, had a strong impact on the mankind's living environment.Activated coke (semicoke, charcoal) combined desulfurization and denitration arises at the historic moment as a kind of integrated purification technology, this technology is utilized absorption, the catalysis and filtration function of activated coke (semicoke, charcoal), the multiple pollutant of flue gas is combined and is removed, have advantages of that adsorption capacity is large, adsorption process and catalytic conversion fast.The activated coke (semicoke, charcoal) of adsorbing sulfur dioxide also can be carried out regeneration by the way of desorption under high temperature, the SO after regeneration 2concentration > 20%, can make 96% ~ 98% the concentrated sulfuric acid, liquid SO 2or the byproduct such as elemental sulfur, by-product value is high.
Removing tower and regenerator is the nucleus equipment of activated coke (semicoke, charcoal) dry method flue gas integrated purification technology, what commercial Application was more is that fixed bed removes tower and moving bed removes tower, the intermittent operation mode that at present removes tower due to fixed bed can not adapt to be processed large exhaust gas volumn situation and impels moving bed to remove tower to be used widely, but existing moving bed technique requires activated coke mechanical strength large, and cost is higher; If adopt fixed bed to remove tower, the activated coke that can adopt cheap active carbocoal and some brown coal to prepare, low to requirement of mechanical strength, be conducive to reduce costs.
Apply at present the Japanese Hitachi-Dong electrical method that has of bed technology, the technique adsorbent equipment of the electroactive charcoal method of Hitachi-Dong is comprised of five activated carbon and fixed bed absorbers in parallel, the partial fume that running Shi You power plant stove comes enters wherein and removes sulfur dioxide in four absorbers, meanwhile, the 5th charcoal bed carries out the dilution heat of sulfuric acid regenerated from washing of variable concentrations.The method continuity better, can be used for the occasion that treating capacity is larger, but be only used for desulfurization and water consumption.Domestic PAFP technique claims again phospho-ammonium fertilizer method (Phosphate AmmoniateFertilizer Process, PAFP), is the independently developed flue gas desulfurization technique of China.This technology charcoal tower structure is fixed bed absorption tower, and active carbon is housed in tower, and desulfurizing tower is four tower parallel runnings, the desulfurization simultaneously of three towers, a tower regenerated from washing.
Yet, remove tower and regenerator in existing activated coke flue gas purification system adopt independent setting, floor space is large and utilization rate of equipment and installations is low, if two tower unifications, one tower not only can remove pollutant but also regenerable sorbent, the expense of greatly reducing investment outlay, resource utilization is improved and is easy to management.The Li Chunhu professor's of Chinese Marine University patent of invention 200410024151.7 discloses a kind ofly utilizes absorbent charcoal based adsorbent to remove SO in flue gas 2technique, it is to contain SO 2flue gas, by desulfurizing tower or the desulfurizer desulfurization of absorbent charcoal based adsorbent are housed, as desulfurizing tower or desulfurizer SO 2exit concentration adopts hot wash or the absorbent charcoal based adsorbent of inert gas high-temperature blowing to regenerate while surpassing index.This process using remove the device with the one of regenerating, but the method is only for SO 2remove, can not cooperation-removal multiple pollutant; And the method does not have rationally to adopt thermal source to regenerate to adsorbent, and washing method of reproduction needs a large amount of waters, contains acid in water lotion, easily cause secondary pollution, and due to the corrosivity of dilute sulfuric acid, the manufactured materials of equipment is had relatively high expectations, invest greatlyr, and bring certain difficulty to maintenance work.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming of prior art, provide a kind of pollutant removing process/adsorbent reactivation technique switchable flue gas purification system, described system can be carried out pollutant removing process and the adsorbent reactivation technique in flue gas in fixed bed reactors, and can realize the switching between pollutant removing process and adsorbent reactivation technique between different fixed bed reactors, meanwhile, the present invention also provides a kind of method of utilizing the described switchable flue gas purification system of pollutant removing process/adsorbent reactivation technique to carry out gas cleaning.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention proposes the switchable flue gas purification system of a kind of pollutant removing process/adsorbent reactivation technique, described system comprises:
Two or more fixed bed reactors for pollutant removing;
Regeneration heating device for adsorbent reactivation;
The gas fume valve to be clean and the clean gas fume valve that for controlling pollutant removing process/adsorbent reactivation technique, switch;
Described gas fume valve to be clean is connected with fixed bed reactors respectively with clean gas fume valve;
Described regeneration heating device comprises:
For adsorbent reactivation being provided to the heating plant of thermal source;
For the regenerative heater that adsorbent reactivation heat medium is heated again;
Described heating plant is connected with fixed bed reactors by regenerative heater;
Described heating plant is connected with recirculation blower, and described recirculation blower is connected with heat exchanger tube by pipeline;
Described fixed bed reactors bottom is provided with gas approach, and described fixed bed reactors top is provided with exhanst gas outlet;
In described fixed bed reactors, be provided with:
One central tube being connected with gas approach;
Be arranged at the first adsorption layer for gas cleaning and second adsorption layer in central tube outside;
Described central tube upper end is connected with exhanst gas outlet.
By fixed bed reactors are set, realize the processing that removes to flue gas internal contamination thing; Regeneration heating device is set, realize in fixed bed reactors the adsorbent processing of regenerate, and then pollutant removing and adsorbent reactivation two procedures is carried out in realization in fixed bed reactors; By gas fume valve to be clean and clean gas fume valve are set, realize the switching between pollutant removing process and adsorbent reactivation technique between two or more fixed bed reactors, fixed bed reactors are when carrying out adsorbent reactivation processing, the pollutant removing that other fixed bed reactors can carry out in flue gas is processed, and raises the efficiency, saves the energy.And, can in fixed bed reactors, realize SO 2, NO x, mercury is with combine on the pollutant such as bioxin ground removes.Save equipment investment and operating cost.
Further preferably, described fixed bed reactors are radial fixed-bed reactor.
Further preferably, described fixed bed reactors quantity is two, and described fixed bed reactors comprise: the first fixed bed reactors and the second fixed bed reactors;
The connected mode of described the first fixed bed reactors and the second fixed bed reactors is for being connected in parallel;
Described the first fixed bed reactors and second fixed bed reactors one end and flue to be clean form and are connected in parallel;
Described the first fixed bed reactors and the second fixed bed reactors other end form and are connected in parallel with clean flue.
When the quantity of fixed bed reactors is 2, it is better that flue gas is processed continuity, and save equipment investment and operating cost, and obviously improve Sulfur capacity and the service efficiency of adsorbent.
Further preferably, described fixed bed reactors quantity is three, and described fixed bed reactors comprise: the first fixed bed reactors, the second fixed bed reactors and the 3rd fixed bed reactors;
The connected mode of described the first fixed bed reactors, the second fixed bed reactors and the 3rd fixed bed reactors is that series/parallel mixes connection or is connected in parallel.
The quantity of fixed bed reactors is that 3 or 3 are when above, series/parallel by a plurality of fixed bed reactors mixes connection or is connected in parallel, can effectively realize the processing to a large amount of flue gases, also can be by reducing the situation that quantity is less for the treatment of amount, pollutant levels are lower of fixed bed reactors.
Further preferably, described system also comprises:
Be used for SO 2the exhaust tube of recycling; For spray into the ammonia of ammonia to fixed bed reactors, spray into pipe; For adding the adsorbent storage device of adsorbent; The tremie pipe transmitting in fixed bed reactors for adsorbent; For discharging the discharge pipe of adsorbent;
Described exhaust tube is connected with fixed bed reactors;
Described exhaust tube comprises: the first exhaust tube and the second exhaust tube; Described the first exhaust tube is communicated with the first adsorption layer; Described the second exhaust tube is communicated with the second adsorption layer; On described the first exhaust tube and the second exhaust tube, be provided with extraction valve; Described the first exhaust tube and the second exhaust tube and sulfur dioxide recovery device form and are connected in parallel;
Described ammonia sprays into pipe and is communicated with described fixed bed reactors inner side by pipeline; Described ammonia sprays into and on pipe, is provided with ammonia control valve;
Described tremie pipe is arranged between the second adsorption layer and the first adsorption layer, on described tremie pipe, is provided with baiting valve;
Described adsorbent storage device is connected with the second adsorption layer;
Described discharge pipe is communicated with fixed bed reactors bottom, is provided with adsorbent dump valve on described discharge pipe.
By exhaust tube is set, can realize the SO producing in flue gas pollutant subtractive process 2recycling, protection of the environment and can effectively reducing costs.By spraying at ammonia on pipe, ammonia control valve is set, when user does not need to remove the nitrogen oxide in flue gas, closes ammonia and spray into pipe, to adapt to the demand of different user.By adsorbent storage device is set, the adsorbent in the fixed bed reactors that can upgrade in time, keeps the high efficiency that flue gas pollutant is removed.
Further preferably, in described fixed bed reactors, be also provided with:
For treating the heat exchanger tube that purifying smoke carries out flow-disturbing;
Collection chamber for flue gas after collection and purification;
Described heat exchanger tube is arranged in the first adsorption layer and the second adsorption layer, and described heat exchanger tube is connected with regenerative heater by pipeline; Described heat exchanger tube is double-layer spiral formula lift structure, internal layer heat exchanger tube and outer heat exchanger tube interlaced arrangement; Described collection chamber is arranged between central tube and exhanst gas outlet.
The interlaced arrangement of heat exchanger tube can play flow-disturbing effect to flue gas, impels flue gas fully to mix with adsorbent, improves flue gas pollutant removal efficiency, and can be adsorbent reactivation uniform heat is provided.
Meanwhile, the present invention also provides a kind of method of utilizing the described switchable flue gas purification system of pollutant removing process/adsorbent reactivation technique to carry out gas cleaning, and described method comprises the steps:
A, pollutant removing
Flue gas is entered the central tube of fixed bed reactors through gas approach by flue to be clean, by the adsorbent in the first adsorption layer, the pollutant in flue gas is removed to processing, flue gas upwards enters the second adsorption layer afterwards, by the adsorbent in the second adsorption layer, the pollutant in flue gas is removed to processing again, realize the pollutant removing of flue gas and process, the flue gas of purification is discharged from exhanst gas outlet;
B, adsorbent reactivation
Close gas fume valve to be clean and the clean gas fume valve of the fixed bed reactors in steps A, heating plant provides thermal source for regenerative heater, adsorbent reactivation heat medium enters in fixed bed reactors after being heated to desorption temperature by regenerative heater, described regenerative heater heats the adsorbent in fixed bed reactors by heat exchanger tube, removes the SO in adsorbent 2, make adsorbent reactivation;
Switching between C, pollutant removing process and adsorbent reactivation technique
When the fixed bed reactors in utilizing steps A carry out adsorbent reactivation, open gas fume valve to be clean and the clean gas fume valve of all the other fixed bed reactors, flue gas is carried out to pollutant removing processing, realize the switching between pollutant removing process and adsorbent reactivation technique.
Further preferably, described adsorbent is active carbocoal;
In steps A, by ammonia, spray into pipe and be filled with ammonia in fixed bed reactors, ammonia mixes with flue gas, at the second adsorption layer, removes the nitrogen oxide in flue gas;
In step B, after adsorbent reactivation completes, cooling adsorbent reactivation heat medium enters heating plant by recirculation blower and heats, afterwards to the adsorbent processing of regenerating;
Described adsorbent reactivation heat medium is vapours, hot inert gas or the thermal medium that provided by coal-fired hot-blast stove, high temperature flue-gas from boiler, electric heater etc.;
By exhaust tube to SO 2recycle;
By adsorbent storage device, to fixed bed reactors, add adsorbent.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
In the prior art, in traditional flue gas integrated purification technology, mostly adopting moving bed to remove tower purifies flue gas, yet too high cost and can not process a large amount of flue gases, making moving bed remove tower cannot extensive use, and although employing bed technology is cheap and can process a large amount of flue gases, but this technology can only remove the sulphur in flue gas and cannot remove the NOx in flue gas, mercury is with pollutants such as bioxin, and in adsorbent reactivation process, need to use a large amount of water, in addition in water lotion, contain acid, the dilute sulfuric acid producing easily causes secondary pollution, the corrosivity of dilute sulfuric acid is larger to equipment damage, cause cost of investment high, and easy-maintaining not.
In this patent, inventor is creationary by adopting two or more fixed bed reactors, and regeneration heating device is set on fixed bed reactors, and realize opening of different fixed bed reactors by gas fume valve to be clean and clean gas fume valve, close, realization in fixed bed reactors, carry out flue gas in pollutant removing and adsorbent reactivation twice technique, simultaneously, also can be when fixed bed reactors carry out adsorbent reactivation, other fixed bed reactors can carry out pollutant removing, reach the processed continuously object to flue gas, and save equipment investment and operating cost, obviously improve Sulfur capacity and the service efficiency of adsorbent.The interlaced arrangement of heat exchanger tube can play flow-disturbing effect to flue gas, impels flue gas to mix fully with adsorbent.In this technology, rationally adopt adsorbent reactivation heat source, economize on water and can effectively reduce operating cost, reach the reasonable utilization of resource.Series/parallel by a plurality of fixed bed reactors can adapt to large flue gas treating capacity, also can be applicable to by the minimizing of fixed bed reactors the situation that treating capacity is little, pollutant levels are lower.
Accompanying drawing explanation
By the description of its exemplary embodiment being carried out below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the above-mentioned feature and advantage of the present invention will become apparent and easily understand.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the switchable flue gas purification system of a kind of pollutant removing process/adsorbent reactivation technique provided by the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of fixed bed reactors quantity switchable flue gas purification system of a kind of pollutant removing process/adsorbent reactivation technique provided by the present invention while being 2.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of fixed bed reactors quantity switchable flue gas purification system of a kind of pollutant removing process/adsorbent reactivation technique provided by the present invention while being 3.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of fixed bed reactors quantity switchable flue gas purification system of a kind of pollutant removing process/adsorbent reactivation technique provided by the present invention while being 8.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1, described gas fume valve to be clean is connected with the fixed bed reactors 1 for pollutant removing respectively with clean gas fume valve; Described exhaust tube 7 is connected with fixed bed reactors 1; Described ammonia sprays into pipe 5 and is communicated with described fixed bed reactors 1 inner side by pipeline; Described regeneration heating device is connected with fixed bed reactors 1; Described fixed bed reactors 1 bottom is provided with gas approach 18, and described fixed bed reactors 1 top is provided with exhanst gas outlet 10; Described adsorbent storage device 9 is connected with the second adsorption layer 6; Described discharge pipe 17 is communicated with fixed bed reactors 1 bottom, on described discharge pipe 17, is provided with adsorbent dump valve 16.
Wherein, in described fixed bed reactors 1: central tube 4 is connected with gas approach 18; The first adsorption layer 2 and the second adsorption layer 6 are arranged at central tube 4 outsides; Described central tube 4 upper ends are connected with exhanst gas outlet 10; Described the second adsorption layer 6 is arranged at the first adsorption layer 2 tops.Described heat exchanger tube 3 is arranged in the first adsorption layer 2 and the second adsorption layer 6, and described heat exchanger tube 3 is connected with regenerative heater 14 by pipeline; Described heat exchanger tube 3 is double-layer spiral formula lift structure, internal layer heat exchanger tube and outer heat exchanger tube interlaced arrangement; Described collection chamber 11 is arranged between central tube 4 and exhanst gas outlet 10; Described tremie pipe 13 is arranged between the second adsorption layer 6 and the first adsorption layer 2, on described tremie pipe 13, is provided with baiting valve 1301.
Described fixed bed reactors 1 are nearly cylindrical radial fixed-bed reactor.Particularly, described fixed bed reactors 1 are nearly cylindrical radial fixed-bed reactor, nearly cylinder, and the global shape of described radial fixed-bed reactor and cylinder are similar, and cross section is circular, and upper and lower side is arc.As shown in Figure 1, described radial fixed-bed reactor tower body is cylindrical shape, and two ends are hemispherical shell.
Described exhaust tube 7 comprises: the first exhaust tube 701 and the second exhaust tube 702; Described the first exhaust tube 701 is communicated with the first adsorption layer 2; Described the second exhaust tube 702 is communicated with the second adsorption layer 6; On described the first exhaust tube 701 and the second exhaust tube 702, be provided with extraction valve 703; Described the first exhaust tube 701 and the second exhaust tube 702 form and are connected in parallel with sulfur dioxide recovery device 8.
Described ammonia sprays on pipe 5 and is provided with ammonia control valve 501.
Described regeneration heating device comprises: for adsorbent reactivation being provided to the heating plant 15 of thermal source; For the regenerative heater 14 that adsorbent reactivation heat medium is heated again; Described heating plant 15 is connected with fixed bed reactors 1 by regenerative heater 14.Described heating plant 15 is connected with recirculation blower 12, and described recirculation blower 12 is connected with heat exchanger tube 3 by pipeline;
As shown in Figure 1, described adsorbent storage device 9 is arranged at fixed bed reactors 1 top, and described adsorbent storage device 9 is formed and is connected in parallel with the second adsorption layer 6 that is positioned at central tube 4 outsides by adsorbent input pipe 901; Described adsorbent storage device 9 is connected with adsorbent input pipe 901 by adsorbent main valve 902, on described adsorbent input pipe 901, is provided with adsorbent input control valve 903.
Wherein, as shown in Figure 2, described fixed bed reactors 1 quantity is two, and described fixed bed reactors 1 comprise: the first fixed bed reactors 101 and the second fixed bed reactors 102;
The connected mode of described the first fixed bed reactors 101 and the second fixed bed reactors 102 is for being connected in parallel; Described the first fixed bed reactors 101 and second fixed bed reactors 102 one end and flue to be clean 19 form and are connected in parallel; Described the first fixed bed reactors 101 and second fixed bed reactors 102 other ends form and are connected in parallel with clean flue 20.
Particularly, as shown in Figure 2, gas fume valve to be clean comprises: the first gas fume valve 2101, second to be clean gas fume valve 2201 to be clean;
Described clean gas fume valve comprises: first clean gas fume valve the 2102, second clean gas fume valve 2202;
Between described the first fixed bed reactors 101 and flue to be clean 19, be provided with the first gas fume valve 2101 to be clean, between described the first fixed bed reactors 101 and clean flue 20, be provided with the first clean gas fume valve 2102;
Between described the second fixed bed reactors 102 and flue to be clean 19, be provided with the second gas fume valve 2201 to be clean, between described the second fixed bed reactors 102 and clean flue 20, be provided with the second clean gas fume valve 2202.
As shown in Figure 3, described fixed bed reactors 1 quantity is three, and described fixed bed reactors 1 comprise: the first fixed bed reactors 101, the second fixed bed reactors 102 and the 3rd fixed bed reactors 103;
The connected mode of described the first fixed bed reactors 101, the second fixed bed reactors 102 and the 3rd fixed bed reactors 103 is that series/parallel mixes connection or is connected in parallel.
Particularly, as shown in Figure 3, described gas fume valve to be clean comprises: the first gas fume valve 2101, second to be clean gas fume valve 2201 to be clean and the 3rd gas fume valve 2301 to be clean;
Described clean gas fume valve comprises: first clean gas fume valve the 2102, second clean gas fume valve 2202, the 3rd clean gas fume valve 2302, the 4th clean gas fume valve 2103, the 5th clean gas fume valve 2104, the 6th clean gas fume valve 2303 and the 7th clean gas fume valve 2304;
Between described the first fixed bed reactors 101 and flue to be clean 19, be provided with the first gas fume valve 2101 to be clean, between described the second fixed bed reactors 102 and flue to be clean 19, be provided with the second gas fume valve 2201 to be clean, between described the 3rd fixed bed reactors 103 and flue to be clean 19, be provided with the 3rd gas fume valve 2301 to be clean;
Between described the first fixed bed reactors 101 and clean flue 20, be provided with the first clean gas fume valve 2102, after the described first clean gas fume valve 2102 is in parallel with the 4th clean gas fume valve 2103, forms and be connected in series with the 5th clean gas fume valve 2104;
Between described the second fixed bed reactors 102 and clean flue 20, be provided with the second clean gas fume valve 2202;
Between described the 3rd fixed bed reactors 103 and clean flue 20, be provided with the 3rd clean gas fume valve 2302, after the described the 3rd clean gas fume valve 2302 is in parallel with the 6th clean gas fume valve 2303, forms and be connected in series with the 7th clean gas fume valve 2304;
Described clean flue 20 and the 5th clean gas fume valve the 2104, second clean gas fume valve 2202 and the 7th clean gas fume valve 2304 form and are connected in parallel.
Between fixed bed reactors 1, by heating plant 15 and regenerative heater 14, connect.
Situation for the quantity of fixed bed reactors 1 more than 3, the annexation between gas fume valve to be clean, clean gas fume valve and fixed bed reactors 1 and the quantity of fixed bed reactors 1 are similar while being 3, repeat no more.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of method of utilizing the switchable flue gas purification system of described pollutant removing process/adsorbent reactivation technique to carry out gas cleaning, and described method comprises the steps:
A, pollutant removing
As shown in Figure 1, flue gas is entered the central tube 4 of fixed bed reactors 1 through gas approach 18 by flue 19 to be clean, by the adsorbent in the first adsorption layer 2, the pollutant in flue gas is removed to processing, flue gas upwards enters the second adsorption layer 6 afterwards, by the adsorbent in the second adsorption layer 6, the pollutant in flue gas is removed to processing again, realize the pollutant removing of flue gas and process, the flue gas of purification is discharged from exhanst gas outlet 10;
Wherein, spray into pipe 5 be filled with ammonia by ammonia in fixed bed reactors 1, ammonia mixes with flue gas, at the second adsorption layer, removes the nitrogen oxide in flue gas.
The process conditions of described pollutant removing process are:
70~150 ℃ of temperature, air speed 200~600h -1, steam volumetric concentration scope is 2%~15%, carrier of oxygen volume concentrations 2%~10%, and ammonia concentration is NO x1.05~2 times;
B, adsorbent reactivation
As shown in Figure 1, close gas fume valve to be clean and the clean gas fume valve of the fixed bed reactors 1 in steps A, heating plant 15 provides thermal source for regenerative heater 14, adsorbent reactivation heat medium enters in fixed bed reactors 1 after being heated to desorption temperature by regenerative heater 14, described regenerative heater 14 heats by the adsorbent in 3 pairs of fixed bed reactors 1 of heat exchanger tube, removes the SO in adsorbent 2, make adsorbent reactivation;
Described adsorbent is active carbocoal; Described desorption temperature is 300~450 ℃.
After adsorbent reactivation completes, cooling adsorbent reactivation heat medium enters heating plant 15 by recirculation blower 12 and heats, afterwards to the adsorbent processing of regenerating; Described adsorbent reactivation heat medium is vapours, hot inert gas or the thermal medium that provided by coal-fired hot-blast stove, high temperature flue-gas from boiler, electric heater etc.;
By 7 couples of SO of exhaust tube 2recycle; By adsorbent storage device 9, to fixed bed reactors 1, add adsorbent.
The concrete adding method of described adsorbent is:
As shown in Figure 1, open adsorbent main valve 902, by adsorbent input pipe 901, to the second adsorption layer 6, carry adsorbent, adsorbent enters the first adsorption layer 2 by tremie pipe 13, and adsorbent discarded, that cannot regenerate is discharged fixed bed reactors 1 by discharge pipe 17.
Switching between C, pollutant removing process and adsorbent reactivation technique
When the fixed bed reactors 1 in utilizing steps A carry out adsorbent reactivation, open gas fume valve to be clean and the clean gas fume valve of all the other fixed bed reactors 1, flue gas is carried out to pollutant removing processing, realize the switching between pollutant removing process and adsorbent reactivation technique.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 2, the design gas cleaning of this example and adsorbent reactivation system are 20 ~ 300,000 Nm for actual exhaust gas volumn 3the arcola of/h, design smoke treatment amount 300,000 Nm 3/ h, optionally adopts 2 radial fixed-bed reactor 1 parallel connections to carry out flue gas processing, and one for removing, and one for regeneration.SO in general flue gas composition 2content is 100 ~ 15000mg/Nm 3, NO xcontent is 100 ~ 2000mg/Nm 3, also contain harmful flue dust such as part toxic heavy metal ionic mercury, cadmium.Remove temperature at 70 ~ 150 ℃, regeneration temperature is at 300 ~ 450 ℃; Adsorption catalyst used is qualified, the economical and practical column active carbocoal of performance.By radial fixed-bed reactor 1, remove the SO in flue gas 2, NO x, mercury is with pollutants such as bioxin, realize and in an adsorptive reactor, combining of multi-pollutant being removed.
The flue gas of discharging from emission source, enters the first fixed bed reactors 101 by flue 19 to be clean through gas approach 18; Flue gas enters central tube 4 from bottom air inlet 18, and the first desorption layer 2 diffusion laterally, by the flow-disturbing effect of heat exchanger tube 3, flue gas radially removes pollutant through the first desorption layer 2, in the first fixed bed reactors 101 inner sides, rise and enter Pen An district afterwards, ammonia sprays into pipe 5 NH that spray into 3flue gas after purifying with through the first desorption layer 2 mixes, by central tube 4, upwards enters the second desorption layer 6, and to denitrating flue gas with remove other pollutants processing; If user is without denitrogenation, can close ammonia and spray into pipe 5 by closing ammonia control valve 501, flue gas can continue desulfurization through the second desorption layer 6.Flue gas after the second desorption layer 6 denitration purify enters collection chamber 11, and enters clean flue 20 discharges from exhanst gas outlet 10.
When exceeding standard, the saturated or pollutant exit concentration of adsorbent in the first fixed bed reactors 101 closes the first gas fume valve 2101 to be clean and the first clean gas fume valve 2102, start regeneration heating device, heating plant 15, regenerative heater 14 and recirculation blower 12, thereby heat regeneration activity semicoke by 3 pairs of adsorbents of heat exchanger tube, open the extraction valve 703 of the first exhaust tube 701 and the second exhaust tube 702 simultaneously, separate the SO of sucking-off 2by the first exhaust tube 701 and the second exhaust tube 702, be expelled to sulfur dioxide recovery device 8 and recycled, the adsorbent reactivation heat medium after cooling turns back in heating plant 15 and again heats after boosting by recirculation blower 12, so iterative cycles.
When 101 pairs of adsorbents of the first fixed bed reactors are regenerated processing, open the second gas fume valve 2201 to be clean and the second clean gas fume valve 2202 of the second fixed bed reactors 102, making flue gas remove pollutant technique carries out continuously the second fixed bed reactors 102 are interior, so cyclic switching removes pollutant technique/adsorbent reactivation technique, realizes the purification of flue gas and the regeneration of adsorbent and uses.Active carbocoal is when high temperature regeneration, and the sulphur ammonium salt producing in sweetening process can be decomposed, thereby reduces the obstruction to adsorbent.When the adsorbent in the first fixed bed reactors 101 or the second fixed bed reactors 102 need to upgrade, adsorbent enters the second desorption layer 6 from the adsorbent storage device 9 of tower top, then by tremie pipe 13, enter the first desorption layer 2, in the time of need to discharging, open the discharge pipe valve 16 of tower below, by discharge pipe 17, discharge adsorbent.
Embodiment 2:
As shown in Figure 3, the design gas cleaning of this example and adsorbent reactivation system are 50 ~ 700,000 Nm for actual exhaust gas volumn 3the Flue Gas of Nonferrous Smelting of/h, design smoke treatment amount 600,000 Nm 3/ h, optionally adopts 3 radial fixed-bed reactor 1 parallel connections to process, and two for removing, and one for regeneration.SO in general flue gas composition 2content is 100 ~ 15000mg/Nm 3, NO xcontent is 100 ~ 2000mg/Nm 3, also contain harmful flue dust such as part toxic heavy metal ionic mercury, cadmium.Remove temperature at 70 ~ 150 ℃, regeneration temperature is at 300 ~ 450 ℃; Adsorption catalyst used is qualified, the economical and practical column active carbocoal of performance.By radial fixed-bed reactor 1, remove the SO in flue gas 2, NO x, mercury is with pollutants such as bioxin, realize and in an adsorptive reactor, combining of multi-pollutant being removed.
The flue gas of discharging from emission source, after chimney and air-introduced machine, first open the first gas fume valve 2101 to be clean, the first clean gas fume valve 2102 and the 5th clean gas fume valve 2104, flue gas enters the first fixed bed reactors 101, carry out the purification that removes of flue gas pollutant, when after the purification of the first fixed bed reactors 101, gas concentration exceeds standard, open the 4th clean gas fume valve 2103 and the second clean gas fume valve 2202, close the 5th clean gas fume valve 2104, now the first fixed bed reactors 101 and the second fixed bed reactors 102 tandem workings, carry out removing of flue gas pollutant.
When after the purification of the second fixed bed reactors 102, gas concentration exceeds standard, open the 3rd gas fume valve the 2301, the 3rd clean gas fume valve 2302 to be clean and the 6th clean gas fume valve 2303, close first gas fume valve the 2101, first clean gas fume valve 2102 to be clean, the 4th clean gas fume valve 2103, now the second fixed bed reactors 102 and the 3rd fixed bed reactors 103 tandem workings, carry out removing of flue gas pollutant.Start regeneration heating device, heating plant 15, regenerative heater 14 and recirculation blower 12, heat by 3 pairs of adsorbents of heat exchanger tube simultaneously, and the first fixed bed reactors 101 carry out the regeneration of adsorbent high-temperature heating.
When after the purification of the second fixed bed reactors 102, gas concentration exceeds standard, open valve first gas fume valve 2101 to be clean, the first clean gas fume valve 2102, the 5th clean gas fume valve 2104 and the 7th clean gas fume valve 2304, close the 4th clean gas fume valve 2103, the second clean gas fume valve 2202 and the 6th clean gas fume valve 2303, now the first fixed bed reactors 101 and the 3rd fixed bed reactors 103 parallel operations, carry out removing of flue gas pollutant, start regeneration heating device simultaneously, heating plant 15, regenerative heater 14 and recirculation blower 12, the high-temperature heating that carries out adsorbent by 3 pairs of the second fixed bed reactors 102 of heat exchanger tube is regenerated.
When after the purification of the 3rd fixed bed reactors 103, gas concentration exceeds standard, the first fixed bed reactors 101 and the second fixed bed reactors 102 tandem working again, carry out flue gas pollutant and remove, the 3rd fixed bed reactors 103 are carried out to the regeneration of adsorbent high-temperature heating, so iterative cycles purifies.
Or can adopt the independent parallel way of radial fixed-bed reactor 1.Flue gas is introduced into the first fixed bed reactors 101 to carry out flue gas pollutant and removes purification, when Purge gas concentration over-standard, the first gas fume valve 2101 to be clean and the first clean gas fume valve 2102 of closing the first fixed bed reactors 101, carry out high-temperature heating regeneration to the adsorbent in it.
Meanwhile, open the second gas fume valve 2201 to be clean and the second clean gas fume valve 2202 of the second fixed bed reactors 102;
Or open the second gas fume valve 2201 to be clean of the second fixed bed reactors 102 and the 3rd gas fume valve the 2301, the 3rd clean gas fume valve 2302 to be clean of the second clean gas fume valve 2202 and the 3rd fixed bed reactors 103 and the 7th clean gas fume valve 2304 simultaneously and make its cooperation in parallel, flue gas is carried out to pollutant removing purification.
When adsorbent in the second fixed bed reactors 102 is saturated, to its thermal regeneration.Adopt the 3rd fixed bed reactors 103 purifying smokes or the first fixed bed reactors 101 and the 3rd fixed bed reactors 103 purifying smoke in parallel.
When the 3rd fixed bed reactors 103 adsorbents are when saturated, to its thermal regeneration.Adopt the first fixed bed reactors 101 purifying smokes or the first fixed bed reactors 101 and the second fixed bed reactors 102 purifying smoke in parallel, so iterative cycles purifies.
Embodiment 3:
When smoke treatment amount increases, can adopt 3 above fixed bed reactors 1 to mix use by the series/parallel mode that arranges of gas fume valve to be clean and clean gas fume valve, as shown in Figure 4, the design gas cleaning of this example and adsorbent reactivation system are for the fossil-fired unit of the unit group 600MW of coal-burning power plant, actual exhaust gas volumn 100 ~ 2,000,000 Nm 3/ h, design smoke treatment amount 1,800,000 Nm 3/ h is that 8 series/parallel radial fixed-bed reactor 1 pollutant removing process/adsorbent reactivation techniques are switched.
Situation for the quantity of fixed bed reactors 1 more than 3, annexation between gas fume valve to be clean, clean gas fume valve and fixed bed reactors 1 carry out flue gas pollutant removing process, adsorbent reactivation technique and between switching technique and the quantity of fixed bed reactors 1 similar while being 3, repeat no more.
The above-described specific embodiment is exemplary; in order to make those skilled in the art can better understand this patent content; not thereby limit the protection domain of this patent; everyly according to this patent, disclose any equivalent transformation of doing of spirit; directly or indirectly be used in other relevant technical field, all fall into this patent protection domain.

Claims (8)

1. the switchable flue gas purification system of pollutant removing process/adsorbent reactivation technique, is characterized in that, described system comprises:
Two or more fixed bed reactors (1) for pollutant removing;
Regeneration heating device for adsorbent reactivation;
The gas fume valve to be clean and the clean gas fume valve that for controlling pollutant removing process/adsorbent reactivation technique, switch;
Described gas fume valve to be clean is connected with fixed bed reactors (1) respectively with clean gas fume valve;
Described regeneration heating device comprises:
For adsorbent reactivation being provided to the heating plant (15) of thermal source;
For the regenerative heater (14) that adsorbent reactivation heat medium is heated again;
Described heating plant (15) is connected with fixed bed reactors by regenerative heater (14);
Described heating plant (15) is connected with recirculation blower (12), and described recirculation blower (12) is connected with heat exchanger tube (3) by pipeline;
Described fixed bed reactors bottom is provided with gas approach (18), and described fixed bed reactors top is provided with exhanst gas outlet (10);
In described fixed bed reactors, be provided with:
One central tube (4) being connected with gas approach (18);
Be arranged at the first adsorption layer (2) for gas cleaning and second adsorption layer (6) in central tube (4) outside;
Described central tube (4) upper end is connected with exhanst gas outlet (10).
2. the switchable flue gas purification system of a kind of pollutant removing process/adsorbent reactivation technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Described fixed bed reactors (1) are radial fixed-bed reactor.
3. the switchable flue gas purification system of a kind of pollutant removing process/adsorbent reactivation technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Described fixed bed reactors (1) quantity is two, and described fixed bed reactors (1) comprising: the first fixed bed reactors (101) and the second fixed bed reactors (102);
The connected mode of described the first fixed bed reactors (101) and the second fixed bed reactors (102) is for being connected in parallel;
Described the first fixed bed reactors (101) form and are connected in parallel with the second fixed bed reactors (102) one end and flue to be clean (19);
Described the first fixed bed reactors (101) form and are connected in parallel with clean flue (20) with the second fixed bed reactors (102) other end.
4. the switchable flue gas purification system of a kind of pollutant removing process/adsorbent reactivation technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Described fixed bed reactors (1) quantity is three, and described fixed bed reactors (1) comprising: the first fixed bed reactors (101), the second fixed bed reactors (102) and the 3rd fixed bed reactors (103);
The connected mode of described the first fixed bed reactors (101), the second fixed bed reactors (102) and the 3rd fixed bed reactors (103) is that series/parallel mixes connection or is connected in parallel.
5. the switchable flue gas purification system of a kind of pollutant removing process/adsorbent reactivation technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Described system also comprises:
Be used for SO 2the exhaust tube of recycling (7);
For spray into the ammonia of ammonia to fixed bed reactors (1), spray into pipe (5);
For adding the adsorbent storage device (9) of adsorbent;
The tremie pipe (13) transmitting in fixed bed reactors (1) for adsorbent;
For discharging the discharge pipe (17) of adsorbent;
Described exhaust tube (7) is connected with fixed bed reactors (1);
Described exhaust tube (7) comprising: the first exhaust tube (701) and the second exhaust tube (702);
Described the first exhaust tube (701) is communicated with the first adsorption layer (2);
Described the second exhaust tube (702) is communicated with the second adsorption layer (6);
On described the first exhaust tube (701) and the second exhaust tube (702), be provided with extraction valve (703);
Described the first exhaust tube (701) and the second exhaust tube (702) form and are connected in parallel with sulfur dioxide recovery device (8);
Described ammonia sprays into pipe (5) and is communicated with described fixed bed reactors (1) inner side by pipeline;
Described ammonia sprays into and on pipe (5), is provided with ammonia control valve (501);
Described tremie pipe (13) is arranged between the second adsorption layer (6) and the first adsorption layer (2), is provided with baiting valve (1301) on described tremie pipe (13);
Described adsorbent storage device (9) is connected with the second adsorption layer (6);
Described discharge pipe (17) is communicated with fixed bed reactors (1) bottom, is provided with adsorbent dump valve (16) on described discharge pipe (17).
6. the switchable flue gas purification system of a kind of pollutant removing process/adsorbent reactivation technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Described fixed bed reactors are also provided with in (1):
For treating the heat exchanger tube (3) that purifying smoke carries out flow-disturbing;
Collection chamber (11) for flue gas after collection and purification;
Described heat exchanger tube (3) is arranged in the first adsorption layer (2) and the second adsorption layer (6), and described heat exchanger tube (3) is connected with regenerative heater (14) by pipeline;
Described heat exchanger tube (3) is double-layer spiral formula lift structure, internal layer heat exchanger tube and outer heat exchanger tube interlaced arrangement;
Described collection chamber (11) is arranged between central tube (4) and exhanst gas outlet (10).
7. utilize the method that in claim 1~6, the switchable flue gas purification system of pollutant removing process/adsorbent reactivation technique described in any one carries out gas cleaning, it is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps:
A, pollutant removing
Flue gas is entered the central tube (4) of fixed bed reactors (1) through gas approach (18) by flue to be clean (19), by the adsorbent in the first adsorption layer (2), the pollutant in flue gas is removed to processing, flue gas upwards enters the second adsorption layer (6) afterwards, by the adsorbent in the second adsorption layer (6), the pollutant in flue gas is removed to processing again, realize the pollutant removing of flue gas and process, the flue gas of purification is discharged from exhanst gas outlet (10);
B, adsorbent reactivation
Close gas fume valve to be clean and the clean gas fume valve of the fixed bed reactors (1) in steps A, heating plant (15) provides thermal source for regenerative heater (14), adsorbent reactivation heat medium enters in fixed bed reactors (1) after being heated to desorption temperature by regenerative heater (14), described regenerative heater (14) heats the adsorbent in fixed bed reactors (1) by heat exchanger tube (3), removes the SO in adsorbent 2, make adsorbent reactivation;
Switching between C, pollutant removing process and adsorbent reactivation technique
When the fixed bed reactors in utilizing steps A (1) carry out adsorbent reactivation, open gas fume valve to be clean and the clean gas fume valve of all the other fixed bed reactors (1), flue gas is carried out to pollutant removing processing, realize the switching between pollutant removing process and adsorbent reactivation technique.
8. a kind of flue gas purifying method according to claim 7, is characterized in that,
Described adsorbent is active carbocoal;
In steps A, by ammonia, spray into pipe (5) and be filled with ammonia in fixed bed reactors (1), ammonia mixes with flue gas, at the second adsorption layer (6), removes the nitrogen oxide in flue gas;
In step B, after adsorbent reactivation completes, cooling adsorbent reactivation heat medium enters heating plant (15) by recirculation blower (12) and heats, afterwards to the adsorbent processing of regenerating;
Described adsorbent reactivation heat medium is vapours, hot inert gas or the thermal medium that provided by coal-fired hot-blast stove, high temperature flue-gas from boiler, electric heater etc.;
By exhaust tube (7) to SO 2recycle;
By adsorbent storage device (9), to fixed bed reactors (1), add adsorbent.
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