CN103007679A - Flue gas cleaning system capable of switching pollutant desorption technology and adsorbent regeneration technology and method thereof - Google Patents
Flue gas cleaning system capable of switching pollutant desorption technology and adsorbent regeneration technology and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103007679A CN103007679A CN2012105505179A CN201210550517A CN103007679A CN 103007679 A CN103007679 A CN 103007679A CN 2012105505179 A CN2012105505179 A CN 2012105505179A CN 201210550517 A CN201210550517 A CN 201210550517A CN 103007679 A CN103007679 A CN 103007679A
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Abstract
The invention provides a flue gas cleaning system capable of switching a pollutant desorption technology and an adsorbent regeneration technology. The system comprises two or more fixed bed reactors, a regenerative heating device which is used for adsorbent regeneration, and a to-be-cleaned flue gas valve and a flue gas cleaning valve which are used for controlling switching between the pollutant desorption technology and the adsorbent regeneration technology, wherein each of the fixed bed reactor is internally provided with a central tube connected with a flue gas inlet, as well as a first adsorption layer and a second adsorption layer which are used for cleaning flue gas and arranged on the outer side of the central tube; and the upper end of the central tube is connected with a flue gas outlet. The invention further discloses a flue gas cleaning method using the system. The system can be used for performing the flue gas pollutant desorption technology and the adsorbent regeneration technology in one fixed bed reactor, and achieve the switching between the pollutant desorption technology and the adsorbent regeneration technology in the different fixed bed reactors.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to filed of flue gas purification, particularly, relate to a kind of pollutant removing process/switchable flue gas purification system of adsorbent reactivation technique and method thereof, be applicable to the gas cleaning in Coal-fired Thermal Power, coal-burning boiler, iron making and sintering machine, nonferrous metallurgy and chemical building material field.
Background technology
The primary energy of China is take coal as main, coal is as a kind of non-clean fuel, there is 84% coal directly be burnt in China, cause China take coal smoke type as main air pollution, produce a large amount of oxysulfide, nitrogen oxide and dust, cause the atmosphere pollution such as acid rain, greenhouse effects and depletion of the ozone layer, had a strong impact on human living environment.Activated coke (semicoke, charcoal) combined desulfurization and denitration arises at the historic moment as a kind of integrated purification technology, this technology is utilized absorption, the catalysis and filtration function of activated coke (semicoke, charcoal), the multiple pollutant of flue gas united remove, have advantages of that adsorption capacity is large, adsorption process and catalytic conversion be fast.The activated coke (semicoke, charcoal) of adsorbing sulfur dioxide also can be carried out regeneration by the way of desorption under high temperature, the SO after the regeneration
2Concentration＞20% can be made 96% ~ 98% the concentrated sulfuric acid, liquid SO
2Or the byproduct such as elemental sulfur, by-product value is high.
Removing tower and regenerator is the nucleus equipment of activated coke (semicoke, charcoal) dry method flue gas integrated purification technology, what commercial Application was more is that fixed bed removes tower and moving bed removes tower, at present because fixed bed removes the intermittent operation mode of tower can not adapt to the large exhaust gas volumn situation of processing and impel moving bed to remove tower to be used widely, but existing moving bed technique requires the activated coke mechanical strength large, and cost is higher; If adopt fixed bed to remove tower, can adopt the activated coke of cheap active carbocoal and the preparation of some brown coal, low to requirement of mechanical strength, be conducive to reduce cost.
The Hitachi that Japan is arranged of present application bed technology-Dong electrical method, the technique adsorbent equipment of the electroactive charcoal method of Hitachi-Dong is comprised of the activated carbon and fixed bed absorber of five parallel connections, the partial fume that is come by power plant's stove during running enters wherein and removes sulfur dioxide in four absorbers, simultaneously, the 5th charcoal bed carries out the dilution heat of sulfuric acid regenerated from washing of variable concentrations.The method continuity better, can be used for the larger occasion for the treatment of capacity, but only be used for desulfurization and water consumption.Domestic PAFP technique claims again phospho-ammonium fertilizer method (Phosphate AmmoniateFertilizer Process, PAFP), is the independently developed flue gas desulfurization technique of China.This technology charcoal tower structure is the fixed bed absorption tower, and active carbon is housed in the tower, and desulfurizing tower is four tower parallel runnings, the simultaneously desulfurization of three towers, a tower regenerated from washing.
Yet, remove tower and regenerator in the existing activated coke flue gas purification system adopt independent the setting, floor space is large and utilization rate of equipment and installations is low, if two towers unification, one tower not only can remove pollutant but also regenerable sorbent, the expense of will greatly reducing investment outlay, resource utilization are improved and are easy to management.The Li Chunhu of Chinese Marine University professor's patent of invention 200410024151.7 discloses a kind ofly utilizes absorbent charcoal based adsorbent to remove SO in the flue gas
2Technique, it is to contain SO
2Flue gas, by desulfurizing tower or the desulfurizer desulfurization that absorbent charcoal based adsorbent is housed, as desulfurizing tower or desulfurizer SO
2When surpassing index, adopt exit concentration hot wash or the absorbent charcoal based adsorbent of inert gas high-temperature blowing to regenerate.This process using remove device with the one of regenerating, but the method is only for SO
2Remove, can not the cooperation-removal multiple pollutant; And the method does not rationally adopt thermal source that adsorbent is regenerated, and the washing method of reproduction needs a large amount of waters, contains acid in the water lotion, easily cause secondary pollution, and since the corrosivity of dilute sulfuric acid the manufactured materials of equipment is had relatively high expectations, invest greatlyr, and bring certain difficulty to maintenance work.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming of prior art, a kind of pollutant removing process/switchable flue gas purification system of adsorbent reactivation technique is provided, described system can carry out pollutant removing process and the adsorbent reactivation technique in the flue gas in fixed bed reactors, and can realize the switching between the pollutant removing process and adsorbent reactivation technique between the different fixed bed reactors, simultaneously, the present invention also provides a kind of method that described pollutant removing process/the switchable flue gas purification system of adsorbent reactivation technique carries out gas cleaning of utilizing.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention proposes a kind of pollutant removing process/switchable flue gas purification system of adsorbent reactivation technique, described system comprises:
The two or more fixed bed reactors that are used for pollutant removing;
The regeneration heating device that is used for adsorbent reactivation;
Be used for gas fume valve to be clean and clean gas fume valve that the control pollutant removing process/adsorbent reactivation technique is switched;
Described gas fume valve to be clean is connected with fixed bed reactors respectively with the gas fume valve of being connected;
Described regeneration heating device comprises:
Be used for adsorbent reactivation is provided the heating plant of thermal source;
For the regenerative heater that the adsorbent reactivation heat medium is heated again;
Described heating plant is connected with fixed bed reactors by regenerative heater;
Described heating plant is connected with recirculation blower, and described recirculation blower is connected with heat exchanger tube by pipeline;
Described fixed bed reactors bottom is provided with gas approach, and described fixed bed reactors top is provided with exhanst gas outlet;
Be provided with in the described fixed bed reactors:
One central tube that is connected with gas approach;
Be arranged at the first adsorption layer and second adsorption layer that are used for gas cleaning in the central tube outside;
Described central tube upper end is connected with exhanst gas outlet.
By fixed bed reactors are set, realize the processing that removes to flue gas internal contamination thing; Regeneration heating device is set, realize in fixed bed reactors adsorbent processings of regenerating, and then pollutant removing and adsorbent reactivation two procedures is carried out in realization in fixed bed reactors; By gas fume valve to be clean and clean gas fume valve are set, realize the switching between the pollutant removing process and adsorbent reactivation technique between two or more fixed bed reactors, namely fixed bed reactors are when carrying out the adsorbent reactivation processing, the pollutant removing that other fixed bed reactors can carry out in the flue gas is processed, and raises the efficiency, saves the energy.And, can in fixed bed reactors, realize SO
2, NO
X, mercury is with unite on the pollutant ground such as bioxin removes.Save equipment investment and operating cost.
Further preferably, described fixed bed reactors are radial fixed-bed reactor.
Further preferably, described fixed bed reactors quantity is two, and described fixed bed reactors comprise: the first fixed bed reactors and the second fixed bed reactors;
The connected mode of described the first fixed bed reactors and the second fixed bed reactors is for being connected in parallel;
Described the first fixed bed reactors and the second fixed bed reactors one end and flue to be clean form and are connected in parallel;
Described the first fixed bed reactors and the second fixed bed reactors other end form with clean flue and are connected in parallel.
When the quantity of fixed bed reactors was 2, it is better that flue gas is processed continuity, and save equipment investment and operating cost, and obviously improve Sulfur capacity and the service efficiency of adsorbent.
Further preferably, described fixed bed reactors quantity is three, and described fixed bed reactors comprise: the first fixed bed reactors, the second fixed bed reactors and the 3rd fixed bed reactors;
The connected mode of described the first fixed bed reactors, the second fixed bed reactors and the 3rd fixed bed reactors is series/parallel mixing connection or is connected in parallel.
The quantity of fixed bed reactors is that 3 or 3 are when above, series/parallel by a plurality of fixed bed reactors mixes and connects or be connected in parallel, can effectively realize the processing to a large amount of flue gases, also can be by the situation that quantity is less for the treatment of amount, pollutant levels are lower that reduces fixed bed reactors.
Further preferably, described system also comprises:
Be used for SO
2The exhaust tube of recycling; Spray into pipe for the ammonia that sprays into ammonia to fixed bed reactors; Be used for adding the adsorbent storage device of adsorbent; Be used for the tremie pipe that adsorbent transmits in fixed bed reactors; Be used for discharging the discharge pipe of adsorbent;
Described exhaust tube is connected with fixed bed reactors;
Described exhaust tube comprises: the first exhaust tube and the second exhaust tube; Described the first exhaust tube is communicated with the first adsorption layer; Described the second exhaust tube is communicated with the second adsorption layer; Be provided with extraction valve on described the first exhaust tube and the second exhaust tube; Described the first exhaust tube and the second exhaust tube and sulfur dioxide recovery device form and are connected in parallel;
Described ammonia sprays into pipe and is communicated with by pipeline and described fixed bed reactors are inboard; Described ammonia sprays into and is provided with the ammonia control valve on the pipe;
Described tremie pipe is arranged between the second adsorption layer and the first adsorption layer, is provided with baiting valve on the described tremie pipe;
Described adsorbent storage device is connected with the second adsorption layer;
Described discharge pipe is communicated with the fixed bed reactors bottom, is provided with the adsorbent dump valve on the described discharge pipe.
By exhaust tube is set, can realize the SO that produces in the flue gas pollutant subtractive process
2Recycling, protection of the environment and can effectively reduce cost.By spray into pipe at ammonia the ammonia control valve is set, when the user does not need to remove nitrogen oxide in the flue gas, closes ammonia and spray into pipe, to adapt to the demand of different user.By the adsorbent storage device is set, the adsorbent in the fixed bed reactors that can upgrade in time keeps the high efficiency that flue gas pollutant is removed.
Further preferably, also be provided with in the described fixed bed reactors:
Be used for treating the heat exchanger tube that purifying smoke carries out flow-disturbing;
Collection chamber for flue gas after the collection and purification;
Described heat exchanger tube is arranged in the first adsorption layer and the second adsorption layer, and described heat exchanger tube is connected with regenerative heater by pipeline; Described heat exchanger tube is double-layer spiral formula lift structure, internal layer heat exchanger tube and outer heat exchanger tube interlaced arrangement; Described collection chamber is arranged between central tube and the exhanst gas outlet.
The interlaced arrangement of heat exchanger tube can play the flow-disturbing effect to flue gas, impels flue gas fully to mix with adsorbent, improves the flue gas pollutant removal efficiency, and can be adsorbent reactivation uniform heat is provided.
Simultaneously, the present invention also provides a kind of method that described pollutant removing process/the switchable flue gas purification system of adsorbent reactivation technique carries out gas cleaning of utilizing, and described method comprises the steps:
A, pollutant removing
Flue gas is entered the central tube of fixed bed reactors through gas approach by flue to be clean, by the adsorbent in the first adsorption layer the pollutant in the flue gas is removed processing, flue gas upwards enters the second adsorption layer afterwards, by the adsorbent in the second adsorption layer the pollutant in the flue gas is removed processing again, realize the pollutant removing processing of flue gas, the flue gas of purification is discharged from exhanst gas outlet;
B, adsorbent reactivation
Close gas fume valve to be clean and the clean gas fume valve of the fixed bed reactors in the steps A, heating plant provides thermal source for regenerative heater, the adsorbent reactivation heat medium enters in the fixed bed reactors after being heated to desorption temperature by regenerative heater, described regenerative heater heats the adsorbent in the fixed bed reactors by heat exchanger tube, removes the SO in the adsorbent
2, so that adsorbent reactivation;
Switching between C, pollutant removing process and the adsorbent reactivation technique
Fixed bed reactors in utilizing steps A carry out in the adsorbent reactivation, open gas fume valve to be clean and the clean gas fume valve of all the other fixed bed reactors, flue gas is carried out pollutant removing process, realize the switching between pollutant removing process and the adsorbent reactivation technique.
Further preferably, described adsorbent is active carbocoal;
In steps A, spray into pipe by ammonia and in fixed bed reactors, be filled with ammonia, ammonia mixes with flue gas, removes nitrogen oxide in the flue gas at the second adsorption layer;
In step B, after adsorbent reactivation was finished, the adsorbent reactivation heat medium of cooling entered heating plant by recirculation blower and heats, afterwards to the adsorbent processing of regenerating;
Vapours, hot inert gas or the thermal medium that provided by coal-fired hot-blast stove, high temperature flue-gas from boiler, electric heater etc. are provided described adsorbent reactivation heat medium;
By exhaust tube to SO
2Recycle;
Add adsorbent by the adsorbent storage device to fixed bed reactors.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
In the prior art, in traditional flue gas integrated purification technology, mostly adopting moving bed to remove tower purifies flue gas, yet too high cost and can not process a large amount of flue gases, so that moving bed remove tower can't extensive use, although and the employing bed technology is cheap and can process a large amount of flue gases, but can only removing the sulphur in the flue gas, this technology can't remove the NOx in the flue gas, mercury is with pollutants such as bioxin, and in the adsorbent reactivation process, need use a large amount of water, contain acid in the water lotion, the dilute sulfuric acid of generation easily causes secondary pollution in addition, and the corrosivity of dilute sulfuric acid is larger to equipment damage, cause cost of investment high, and easy-maintaining not.
In this patent, the inventor is creationary by adopting two or more fixed bed reactors, and at fixed bed reactors regeneration heating device is set, and realize opening of different fixed bed reactors by gas fume valve to be clean with clean gas fume valve, close, pollutant removing and adsorbent reactivation twice technique in the flue gas are carried out in realization in fixed bed reactors, simultaneously, also can be when fixed bed reactors carry out adsorbent reactivation, other fixed bed reactors can carry out pollutant removing, reach the processed continuously purpose to flue gas, and save equipment investment and operating cost, obviously improve Sulfur capacity and the service efficiency of adsorbent.The interlaced arrangement of heat exchanger tube can play the flow-disturbing effect to flue gas, impels flue gas to mix fully with adsorbent.Rationally adopt the adsorbent reactivation heat source in this technology, water saving and can effectively reduce operating cost reaches the reasonable utilization of resource.Series/parallel by a plurality of fixed bed reactors can adapt to large flue gas treating capacity, also can be applicable to by the minimizing of fixed bed reactors the situation that treating capacity is little, pollutant levels are lower.
Description of drawings
By the description of its exemplary embodiment being carried out below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the above-mentioned feature and advantage of the present invention will become apparent and easily understand.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of pollutant removing process provided by the present invention/switchable flue gas purification system of adsorbent reactivation technique.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of fixed bed reactors quantity a kind of pollutant removing process provided by the present invention/switchable flue gas purification system of adsorbent reactivation technique when being 2.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of fixed bed reactors quantity a kind of pollutant removing process provided by the present invention/switchable flue gas purification system of adsorbent reactivation technique when being 3.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of fixed bed reactors quantity a kind of pollutant removing process provided by the present invention/switchable flue gas purification system of adsorbent reactivation technique when being 8.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1, described gas fume valve to be clean is connected with the fixed bed reactors 1 that are used for pollutant removing respectively with the gas fume valve of being connected; Described exhaust tube 7 is connected with fixed bed reactors 1; Described ammonia sprays into pipe 5 by pipeline and described 1 inboard connection of fixed bed reactors; Described regeneration heating device is connected with fixed bed reactors 1; Described fixed bed reactors 1 bottom is provided with gas approach 18, and described fixed bed reactors 1 top is provided with exhanst gas outlet 10; Described adsorbent storage device 9 is connected with the second adsorption layer 6; Described discharge pipe 17 is communicated with fixed bed reactors 1 bottom, is provided with adsorbent dump valve 16 on the described discharge pipe 17.
Wherein, in described fixed bed reactors 1: central tube 4 is connected with gas approach 18; The first adsorption layer 2 and the second adsorption layer 6 are arranged at central tube 4 outsides; Described central tube 4 upper ends are connected with exhanst gas outlet 10; Described the second adsorption layer 6 is arranged at the first adsorption layer 2 tops.Described heat exchanger tube 3 is arranged in the first adsorption layer 2 and the second adsorption layer 6, and described heat exchanger tube 3 is connected with regenerative heater 14 by pipeline; Described heat exchanger tube 3 is double-layer spiral formula lift structure, internal layer heat exchanger tube and outer heat exchanger tube interlaced arrangement; Described collection chamber 11 is arranged between central tube 4 and the exhanst gas outlet 10; Described tremie pipe 13 is arranged between the second adsorption layer 6 and the first adsorption layer 2, is provided with baiting valve 1301 on the described tremie pipe 13.
Described fixed bed reactors 1 are nearly cylindrical radial fixed-bed reactor.Particularly, described fixed bed reactors 1 are nearly cylindrical radial fixed-bed reactor, nearly cylinder, and namely the global shape of described radial fixed-bed reactor and cylinder are similar, and cross section is circular, and upper and lower side is arc.As shown in Figure 1, described radial fixed-bed reactor body of the tower is cylindrical shape, and two ends are hemispherical shell.
Described exhaust tube 7 comprises: the first exhaust tube 701 and the second exhaust tube 702; Described the first exhaust tube 701 is communicated with the first adsorption layer 2; Described the second exhaust tube 702 is communicated with the second adsorption layer 6; Be provided with extraction valve 703 on described the first exhaust tube 701 and the second exhaust tube 702; Described the first exhaust tube 701 and the second exhaust tube 702 form with sulfur dioxide recovery device 8 and are connected in parallel.
Described ammonia sprays on the pipe 5 and is provided with ammonia control valve 501.
Described regeneration heating device comprises: the heating plant 15 that is used for adsorbent reactivation is provided thermal source; For the regenerative heater 14 that the adsorbent reactivation heat medium is heated again; Described heating plant 15 is connected with fixed bed reactors 1 by regenerative heater 14.Described heating plant 15 is connected with recirculation blower 12, and described recirculation blower 12 is connected with heat exchanger tube 3 by pipeline;
As shown in Figure 1, described adsorbent storage device 9 is arranged at fixed bed reactors 1 top, and described adsorbent storage device 9 forms with the second adsorption layer 6 that is positioned at central tube 4 outsides by adsorbent input pipe 901 and is connected in parallel; Described adsorbent storage device 9 is connected with adsorbent input pipe 901 by adsorbent main valve 902, is provided with adsorbent input control valve 903 on the described adsorbent input pipe 901.
Wherein, as shown in Figure 2, described fixed bed reactors 1 quantity is two, and described fixed bed reactors 1 comprise: the first fixed bed reactors 101 and the second fixed bed reactors 102;
The connected mode of described the first fixed bed reactors 101 and the second fixed bed reactors 102 is for being connected in parallel; Described the first fixed bed reactors 101 and the second fixed bed reactors 102 1 ends and flue to be clean 19 form and are connected in parallel; Described the first fixed bed reactors 101 and the second fixed bed reactors 102 other ends form with clean flue 20 and are connected in parallel.
Particularly, as shown in Figure 2, gas fume valve to be clean comprises: the first gas fume valve 2101 to be clean, the second gas fume valve 2201 to be clean;
Described clean gas fume valve comprises: the first clean gas fume valve 2102, the second clean gas fume valve 2202;
Be provided with the first gas fume valve 2101 to be clean between described the first fixed bed reactors 101 and the flue to be clean 19, be provided with the first clean gas fume valve 2102 between described the first fixed bed reactors 101 and the clean flue 20;
Be provided with the second gas fume valve 2201 to be clean between described the second fixed bed reactors 102 and the flue to be clean 19, be provided with the second clean gas fume valve 2202 between described the second fixed bed reactors 102 and the clean flue 20.
As shown in Figure 3, described fixed bed reactors 1 quantity is three, and described fixed bed reactors 1 comprise: the first fixed bed reactors 101, the second fixed bed reactors 102 and the 3rd fixed bed reactors 103;
The connected mode of described the first fixed bed reactors 101, the second fixed bed reactors 102 and the 3rd fixed bed reactors 103 is series/parallel mixing connection or is connected in parallel.
Particularly, as shown in Figure 3, described gas fume valve to be clean comprises: the first gas fume valve 2101 to be clean, the second gas fume valve 2201 to be clean and the 3rd gas fume valve 2301 to be clean;
Described clean gas fume valve comprises: the first clean gas fume valve 2102, the second clean gas fume valve 2202, the 3rd clean gas fume valve 2302, the 4th clean gas fume valve 2103, the 5th clean gas fume valve 2104, the 6th clean gas fume valve 2303 and the 7th clean gas fume valve 2304;
Be provided with the first gas fume valve 2101 to be clean between described the first fixed bed reactors 101 and the flue to be clean 19, be provided with the second gas fume valve 2201 to be clean between described the second fixed bed reactors 102 and the flue to be clean 19, be provided with the 3rd gas fume valve 2301 to be clean between described the 3rd fixed bed reactors 103 and the flue to be clean 19;
Be provided with the first clean gas fume valve 2102 between described the first fixed bed reactors 101 and the clean flue 20, the described first clean gas fume valve 2102 is connected in series with the 4th clean gas fume valve 2103 rear formation with the 5th clean gas fume valve 2104 in parallel;
Be provided with the second clean gas fume valve 2202 between described the second fixed bed reactors 102 and the clean flue 20;
Be provided with the 3rd clean gas fume valve 2302 between described the 3rd fixed bed reactors 103 and the clean flue 20, the described the 3rd clean gas fume valve 2302 is connected in series with the 6th clean gas fume valve 2303 rear formation with the 7th clean gas fume valve 2304 in parallel;
Described clean flue 20 and the 5th clean gas fume valve 2104, the second clean gas fume valve 2202 and the 7th clean gas fume valve 2304 form and are connected in parallel.
Connect by heating plant 15 and regenerative heater 14 between the fixed bed reactors 1.
For the quantity of fixed bed reactors 1 situation more than 3, the annexation between gas fume valve to be clean, clean gas fume valve and the fixed bed reactors 1 and the quantity of fixed bed reactors 1 are similar when being 3, repeat no more.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of method that described pollutant removing process/the switchable flue gas purification system of adsorbent reactivation technique carries out gas cleaning of utilizing, and described method comprises the steps:
A, pollutant removing
As shown in Figure 1, flue gas is entered the central tube 4 of fixed bed reactors 1 through gas approach 18 by flue 19 to be clean, by the adsorbent in the first adsorption layer 2 pollutant in the flue gas is removed processing, flue gas upwards enters the second adsorption layer 6 afterwards, by the adsorbent in the second adsorption layer 6 pollutant in the flue gas is removed processing again, realize the pollutant removing processing of flue gas, the flue gas of purification is discharged from exhanst gas outlet 10;
Wherein, spray into pipe by ammonia and 5 be filled with ammonia in fixed bed reactors 1, ammonia mixes with flue gas, removes nitrogen oxide in the flue gas at the second adsorption layer.
The process conditions of described pollutant removing process are:
70～150 ℃ of temperature, air speed 200～600h
-1, steam volumetric concentration scope is 2%～15%, carrier of oxygen volume concentrations 2%～10%, ammonia concentration are NO
X1.05～2 times;
B, adsorbent reactivation
As shown in Figure 1, close gas fume valve to be clean and the clean gas fume valve of the fixed bed reactors 1 in the steps A, heating plant 15 provides thermal source for regenerative heater 14, the adsorbent reactivation heat medium enters in the fixed bed reactors 1 after being heated to desorption temperature by regenerative heater 14, described regenerative heater 14 heats by the adsorbent in 3 pairs of fixed bed reactors of heat exchanger tube 1, removes the SO in the adsorbent
2, so that adsorbent reactivation;
Described adsorbent is active carbocoal; Described desorption temperature is 300～450 ℃.
After adsorbent reactivation was finished, the adsorbent reactivation heat medium of cooling entered heating plant 15 by recirculation blower 12 and heats, afterwards to the adsorbent processing of regenerating; Vapours, hot inert gas or the thermal medium that provided by coal-fired hot-blast stove, high temperature flue-gas from boiler, electric heater etc. are provided described adsorbent reactivation heat medium;
By 7 couples of SO of exhaust tube
2Recycle; Add adsorbent by adsorbent storage device 9 to fixed bed reactors 1.
The concrete adding method of described adsorbent is:
As shown in Figure 1, open adsorbent main valve 902, carry adsorbent by adsorbent input pipe 901 to the second adsorption layer 6, adsorbent enters the first adsorption layer 2 by tremie pipe 13, and adsorbent discarded, that can't regenerate is discharged fixed bed reactors 1 by discharge pipe 17.
Switching between C, pollutant removing process and the adsorbent reactivation technique
Fixed bed reactors 1 in utilizing steps A carry out in the adsorbent reactivation, open gas fume valve to be clean and the clean gas fume valve of all the other fixed bed reactors 1, flue gas is carried out pollutant removing process, realize the switching between pollutant removing process and the adsorbent reactivation technique.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 2, the design gas cleaning of this example and adsorbent reactivation system are 20 ~ 300,000 Nm for actual exhaust gas volumn
3The arcola of/h, design smoke treatment amount 300,000 Nm
3/ h adopts according to circumstances 2 radial fixed-bed reactor 1 parallel connections to carry out flue gas and processes, and one is used for removing, and one is used for regeneration.SO in the general flue gas composition
2Content is 100 ~ 15000mg/Nm
3, NO
xContent is 100 ~ 2000mg/Nm
3, also contain harmful flue dust such as part toxic heavy metal ionic mercury, cadmium.Remove temperature at 70 ~ 150 ℃, regeneration temperature is at 300 ~ 450 ℃; Used adsoption catalyst is qualified, the economical and practical column active carbocoal of performance.By radial fixed-bed reactor 1, remove the SO in the flue gas
2, NO
X, mercury is with pollutants such as bioxin, realize in an adsorptive reactor, uniting of multi-pollutant being removed.
Flue gas from emission source is discharged enters the first fixed bed reactors 101 by flue 19 to be clean through gas approach 18; Flue gas enters central tube 4 from bottom air inlet 18, and the first desorption layer 2 diffusion laterally, by the flow-disturbing effect of heat exchanger tube 3, flue gas radially passes the first desorption layer 2 and removes pollutant, enter spray ammonia district the first fixed bed reactors 101 inboard risings afterwards, ammonia sprays into pipe 5 NH that spray into
3Mixes with the flue gas after purifying through the first desorption layer 2, upwards enter the second desorption layer 6 by central tube 4, and to denitrating flue gas with remove other pollutants processing; If the user need not denitrogenation, can by close ammonia control valve 501 close ammonia spray into the pipe 5, flue gas can continue desulfurization through the second desorption layer 6.Flue gas after 6 denitration of the second desorption layer purify enters collection chamber 11, and enters clean flue 20 discharges from exhanst gas outlet 10.
Close the first gas fume valve 2101 to be clean and the first clean gas fume valve 2102 when saturated or pollutant exit concentration exceeds standard when the adsorbent in the first fixed bed reactors 101, start regeneration heating device, heating plant 15, regenerative heater 14 and recirculation blower 12, thereby heat the regeneration activity semicoke by 3 pairs of adsorbents of heat exchanger tube, open simultaneously the extraction valve 703 of the first exhaust tube 701 and the second exhaust tube 702, separate the SO of sucking-off
2Be expelled to sulfur dioxide recovery device 8 and recycling by the first exhaust tube 701 and the second exhaust tube 702, turn back in the heating plant 15 after the adsorbent reactivation heat medium after the cooling boosts by recirculation blower 12 and again heat, so iterative cycles.
When 101 pairs of adsorbents of the first fixed bed reactors are regenerated processing, open the second gas fume valve 2201 to be clean and the second clean gas fume valve 2202 of the second fixed bed reactors 102, making flue gas remove pollutant technique carries out continuously the second fixed bed reactors 102 are interior, so cyclic switching removes pollutant technique/adsorbent reactivation technique, realizes the purification of flue gas and the regeneration use of adsorbent.Active carbocoal is when high temperature regeneration, and the sulphur ammonium salt that produces in the sweetening process can be decomposed, thereby reduces the obstruction to adsorbent.When the adsorbent in the first fixed bed reactors 101 or the second fixed bed reactors 102 need to upgrade, adsorbent enters the second desorption layer 6 from the adsorbent storage device 9 of tower top, then enter the first desorption layer 2 by tremie pipe 13, open the discharge pipe valve 16 of tower below when needing to discharge, discharge adsorbent by discharge pipe 17.
Embodiment 2:
As shown in Figure 3, the design gas cleaning of this example and adsorbent reactivation system are 50 ~ 700,000 Nm for actual exhaust gas volumn
3The Flue Gas of Nonferrous Smelting of/h, design smoke treatment amount 600,000 Nm
3/ h adopts 3 radial fixed-bed reactor 1 parallel connections to process according to circumstances, and two are used for removing, and one is used for regeneration.SO in the general flue gas composition
2Content is 100 ~ 15000mg/Nm
3, NO
XContent is 100 ~ 2000mg/Nm
3, also contain harmful flue dust such as part toxic heavy metal ionic mercury, cadmium.Remove temperature at 70 ~ 150 ℃, regeneration temperature is at 300 ~ 450 ℃; Used adsoption catalyst is qualified, the economical and practical column active carbocoal of performance.By radial fixed-bed reactor 1, remove the SO in the flue gas
2, NO
X, mercury is with pollutants such as bioxin, realize in an adsorptive reactor, uniting of multi-pollutant being removed.
Flue gas from the emission source discharge, behind chimney and air-introduced machine, at first open the first gas fume valve 2101 to be clean, the first clean gas fume valve 2102 and the 5th clean gas fume valve 2104, flue gas enters the first fixed bed reactors 101, carry out the purification that removes of flue gas pollutant, when gas concentration exceeds standard after the purification of the first fixed bed reactors 101, open the 4th clean gas fume valve 2103 and the second clean gas fume valve 2202, close the 5th clean gas fume valve 2104, this moment, removing of flue gas pollutant carried out in the first fixed bed reactors 101 and 102 tandem workings of the second fixed bed reactors.
When gas concentration exceeds standard after the purification of the second fixed bed reactors 102, open the 3rd gas fume valve 2301 to be clean, the 3rd clean gas fume valve 2302 and the 6th clean gas fume valve 2303, close the first gas fume valve 2101 to be clean, the first clean gas fume valve 2102, the 4th clean gas fume valve 2103, this moment, removing of flue gas pollutant carried out in the second fixed bed reactors 102 and 103 tandem workings of the 3rd fixed bed reactors.Start simultaneously regeneration heating device, heating plant 15, regenerative heater 14 and recirculation blower 12 heat by 3 pairs of adsorbents of heat exchanger tube, and the first fixed bed reactors 101 carry out the regeneration of adsorbent high-temperature heating.
When gas concentration exceeds standard after the purification of the second fixed bed reactors 102, open valve the first gas fume valve 2101 to be clean, the first clean gas fume valve 2102, the 5th clean gas fume valve 2104 and the 7th clean gas fume valve 2304, close the 4th clean gas fume valve 2103, the second clean gas fume valve 2202 and the 6th clean gas fume valve 2303, this moment the first fixed bed reactors 101 and the 3rd fixed bed reactors 103 parallel operations, carry out removing of flue gas pollutant, start simultaneously regeneration heating device, heating plant 15, regenerative heater 14 and recirculation blower 12 carry out the high-temperature heating regeneration of adsorbent by 3 pairs of the second fixed bed reactors 102 of heat exchanger tube.
When gas concentration exceeds standard after the purification of the 3rd fixed bed reactors 103, the first fixed bed reactors 101 and the second again tandem working of fixed bed reactors 102, carry out flue gas pollutant and remove, the 3rd fixed bed reactors 103 are carried out the regeneration of adsorbent high-temperature heating, so iterative cycles purifies.
Perhaps can adopt the independent parallel way of radial fixed-bed reactor 1.Flue gas is introduced into the first fixed bed reactors 101 to carry out flue gas pollutant and removes purification, when the Purge gas concentration over-standard, close the first gas fume valve 2101 to be clean and the first clean gas fume valve 2102 of the first fixed bed reactors 101, the adsorbent in it is carried out high-temperature heating regeneration.
Simultaneously, open the second gas fume valve 2201 to be clean and the second clean gas fume valve 2202 of the second fixed bed reactors 102;
Perhaps open simultaneously the second gas fume valve 2201 to be clean of the second fixed bed reactors 102 and the 3rd gas fume valve 2301 to be clean, the 3rd clean gas fume valve 2302 and the 7th clean gas fume valve 2304 of the second clean gas fume valve 2202 and the 3rd fixed bed reactors 103 and make its cooperation in parallel, flue gas is carried out pollutant removing purify.
When the adsorbent in the second fixed bed reactors 102 is saturated, to its thermal regeneration.Adopt the 3rd fixed bed reactors 103 purifying smokes or the first fixed bed reactors 101 and the 3rd fixed bed reactors 103 purifying smokes in parallel.
When the 3rd fixed bed reactors 103 adsorbents are saturated, to its thermal regeneration.Adopt the first fixed bed reactors 101 purifying smokes or the first fixed bed reactors 101 and the second fixed bed reactors 102 purifying smokes in parallel, so iterative cycles purifies.
Embodiment 3:
When the smoke treatment amount increases, can adopt 3 above fixed bed reactors 1 to mix use by the series/parallel mode that arranges of gas fume valve to be clean and clean gas fume valve, as shown in Figure 4, the design gas cleaning of this example and adsorbent reactivation system are used for the fossil-fired unit of the unit group 600MW of coal-burning power plant, actual exhaust gas volumn 100 ~ 2,000,000 Nm
3/ h, design smoke treatment amount 1,800,000 Nm
3/ h is that 8 series/parallel radial fixed-bed reactor 1 pollutant removing process/adsorbent reactivation technique is switched.
For the quantity of fixed bed reactors 1 situation more than 3, annexation between gas fume valve to be clean, clean gas fume valve and the fixed bed reactors 1 carry out flue gas pollutant removing process, adsorbent reactivation technique and between switching technique and the quantity of fixed bed reactors 1 similar when being 3, repeat no more.
The above-described specific embodiment is exemplary; in order to make those skilled in the art can better understand this patent content; be not so namely limit the protection domain of this patent; everyly disclose any equivalent transformation of doing of spirit according to this patent; directly or indirectly be used in other relevant technical field, all fall into this patent protection domain.
Claims (8)
1. pollutant removing process/switchable flue gas purification system of adsorbent reactivation technique is characterized in that, described system comprises:
The two or more fixed bed reactors (1) that are used for pollutant removing;
The regeneration heating device that is used for adsorbent reactivation;
Be used for gas fume valve to be clean and clean gas fume valve that the control pollutant removing process/adsorbent reactivation technique is switched;
Described gas fume valve to be clean is connected with fixed bed reactors (1) respectively with the gas fume valve of being connected;
Described regeneration heating device comprises:
Be used for adsorbent reactivation is provided the heating plant (15) of thermal source;
For the regenerative heater (14) that the adsorbent reactivation heat medium is heated again;
Described heating plant (15) is connected with fixed bed reactors by regenerative heater (14);
Described heating plant (15) is connected with recirculation blower (12), and described recirculation blower (12) is connected with heat exchanger tube (3) by pipeline;
Described fixed bed reactors bottom is provided with gas approach (18), and described fixed bed reactors top is provided with exhanst gas outlet (10);
Be provided with in the described fixed bed reactors:
One central tube (4) that is connected with gas approach (18);
Be arranged at the first adsorption layer (2) and second adsorption layer (6) that are used for gas cleaning in central tube (4) outside;
Described central tube (4) upper end is connected with exhanst gas outlet (10).
2. a kind of pollutant removing process according to claim 1/switchable flue gas purification system of adsorbent reactivation technique is characterized in that,
Described fixed bed reactors (1) are radial fixed-bed reactor.
3. a kind of pollutant removing process according to claim 1/switchable flue gas purification system of adsorbent reactivation technique is characterized in that,
Described fixed bed reactors (1) quantity is two, and described fixed bed reactors (1) comprising: the first fixed bed reactors (101) and the second fixed bed reactors (102);
The connected mode of described the first fixed bed reactors (101) and the second fixed bed reactors (102) is for being connected in parallel;
Described the first fixed bed reactors (101) form with the second fixed bed reactors (102) one ends and flue to be clean (19) and are connected in parallel;
Described the first fixed bed reactors (101) form with clean flue (20) with the second fixed bed reactors (102) other end and are connected in parallel.
4. a kind of pollutant removing process according to claim 1/switchable flue gas purification system of adsorbent reactivation technique is characterized in that,
Described fixed bed reactors (1) quantity is three, and described fixed bed reactors (1) comprising: the first fixed bed reactors (101), the second fixed bed reactors (102) and the 3rd fixed bed reactors (103);
The connected mode of described the first fixed bed reactors (101), the second fixed bed reactors (102) and the 3rd fixed bed reactors (103) is series/parallel mixing connection or is connected in parallel.
5. a kind of pollutant removing process according to claim 1/switchable flue gas purification system of adsorbent reactivation technique is characterized in that,
Described system also comprises:
Be used for SO
2The exhaust tube of recycling (7);
Spray into pipe (5) for the ammonia that sprays into ammonia to fixed bed reactors (1);
Be used for adding the adsorbent storage device (9) of adsorbent;
Be used for the tremie pipe (13) that adsorbent transmits in fixed bed reactors (1);
Be used for discharging the discharge pipe (17) of adsorbent;
Described exhaust tube (7) is connected with fixed bed reactors (1);
Described exhaust tube (7) comprising: the first exhaust tube (701) and the second exhaust tube (702);
Described the first exhaust tube (701) is communicated with the first adsorption layer (2);
Described the second exhaust tube (702) is communicated with the second adsorption layer (6);
Be provided with extraction valve (703) on described the first exhaust tube (701) and the second exhaust tube (702);
Described the first exhaust tube (701) and the second exhaust tube (702) form with sulfur dioxide recovery device (8) and are connected in parallel;
Described ammonia sprays into pipe (5) and is communicated with by pipeline and described fixed bed reactors (1) are inboard;
Described ammonia sprays into and is provided with ammonia control valve (501) on the pipe (5);
Described tremie pipe (13) is arranged between the second adsorption layer (6) and the first adsorption layer (2), is provided with baiting valve (1301) on the described tremie pipe (13);
Described adsorbent storage device (9) is connected with the second adsorption layer (6);
Described discharge pipe (17) is communicated with fixed bed reactors (1) bottom, is provided with adsorbent dump valve (16) on the described discharge pipe (17).
6. a kind of pollutant removing process according to claim 1/switchable flue gas purification system of adsorbent reactivation technique is characterized in that,
Described fixed bed reactors also are provided with in (1):
Be used for treating the heat exchanger tube (3) that purifying smoke carries out flow-disturbing;
Collection chamber (11) for flue gas after the collection and purification;
Described heat exchanger tube (3) is arranged in the first adsorption layer (2) and the second adsorption layer (6), and described heat exchanger tube (3) is connected with regenerative heater (14) by pipeline;
Described heat exchanger tube (3) is double-layer spiral formula lift structure, internal layer heat exchanger tube and outer heat exchanger tube interlaced arrangement;
Described collection chamber (11) is arranged between central tube (4) and the exhanst gas outlet (10).
7. one kind is utilized the method that each described pollutant removing process/the switchable flue gas purification system of adsorbent reactivation technique carries out gas cleaning in the claim 1～6, it is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps:
A, pollutant removing
Flue gas is entered the central tube (4) of fixed bed reactors (1) through gas approach (18) by flue to be clean (19), by the adsorbent in the first adsorption layer (2) pollutant in the flue gas is removed processing, flue gas upwards enters the second adsorption layer (6) afterwards, by the adsorbent in the second adsorption layer (6) pollutant in the flue gas is removed processing again, realize the pollutant removing processing of flue gas, the flue gas of purification is discharged from exhanst gas outlet (10);
B, adsorbent reactivation
Close gas fume valve to be clean and the clean gas fume valve of the fixed bed reactors (1) in the steps A, heating plant (15) provides thermal source for regenerative heater (14), the adsorbent reactivation heat medium enters in the fixed bed reactors (1) after being heated to desorption temperature by regenerative heater (14), described regenerative heater (14) heats the adsorbent in the fixed bed reactors (1) by heat exchanger tube (3), removes the SO in the adsorbent
2, so that adsorbent reactivation;
Switching between C, pollutant removing process and the adsorbent reactivation technique
Fixed bed reactors in utilizing steps A (1) carry out in the adsorbent reactivation, open gas fume valve to be clean and the clean gas fume valve of all the other fixed bed reactors (1), flue gas is carried out pollutant removing process, realize the switching between pollutant removing process and the adsorbent reactivation technique.
8. a kind of flue gas purifying method according to claim 7 is characterized in that,
Described adsorbent is active carbocoal;
In steps A, spray into pipe (5) by ammonia and in fixed bed reactors (1), be filled with ammonia, ammonia mixes with flue gas, removes nitrogen oxide in the flue gas at the second adsorption layer (6);
In step B, after adsorbent reactivation was finished, the adsorbent reactivation heat medium of cooling entered heating plant (15) by recirculation blower (12) and heats, afterwards to the adsorbent processing of regenerating;
Vapours, hot inert gas or the thermal medium that provided by coal-fired hot-blast stove, high temperature flue-gas from boiler, electric heater etc. are provided described adsorbent reactivation heat medium;
By exhaust tube (7) to SO
2Recycle;
Add adsorbent by adsorbent storage device (9) to fixed bed reactors (1).
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