CN113925168A - EGCG醌作为抗AGEs在胃肠道释放的抑制剂的应用 - Google Patents
EGCG醌作为抗AGEs在胃肠道释放的抑制剂的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及EGCG醌应用的技术领域,具体涉及一种EGCG醌作为抗AGEs在胃肠道释放的抑制剂的应用,EGCG醌具有抗AGEs在胃肠道释放的活性。具体表现为可以有效抑制AGEs在胃肠道的释放,包括荧光性AGEs和非荧光AGEs的代表物CML。涉及的机制包括EGCG醌与糖化蛋白和消化酶之间的相互作用,抑制消化酶活性并改变糖化蛋白的构象。另外,EGCG醌对已释放的AGEs也有相当的清除作用。由此表明EGCG醌有潜力作为抗AGEs在胃肠道释放的抑制剂,可作为功能性食品添加剂,用于具有抗AGEs在胃肠道释放的功能性食品的开发,具有大的市场应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及EGCG醌应用的技术领域,具体涉及一种EGCG醌作为抗AGEs在胃肠道释放的抑制剂的应用。
背景技术
食品加工过程中的膳食蛋白质糖化会导致具有潜在危害的物质形成,例如晚期糖化终末产物(AGEs)。根据来源的不同,AGEs主要包括两类:内源性AGEs和食源性AGEs。其中,三分之二的口服吸收的食源性AGEs(摄入量的10%)以内源性的形式保留在人体组织中,其余的通过肾脏排泄去除,大约50-60%的游离AGEs在饮食摄入后排泄,而与蛋白质结合的AGEs的排泄率有限。糖化蛋白作为膳食AGEs的最常见来源,在到达小肠之前,与蛋白质结合的AGEs只能在胃肠消化过程中被酶水解后释放,然后主要以游离性AGEs和肽结合AGEs的形式在循环中进一步运输。因此,通过限制胃肠道中的酶促水解来控制糖化蛋白中AGEs的释放对于减少人体对AGEs的吸收和相关潜在危害至关重要。
EGCG是种常见的原花青素,除具有高抗氧化活性外,还具有较强的免疫调节、抗炎和肠道平衡功能。EGCG主要通过其邻苯三酚结构单元(B环)发挥清除自由基的功能。其B环酚羟基通过给出氢原子淬灭体系自由基,同时自身形成相应的半醌自由基中间体,而后通过歧化作用形成相应的羟基邻苯二醌(EGCG醌)。作为活性强亲电体,EGCG醌易与体系中的亲核基团存在相互作用。发明人所在项目组近年来一直围绕原花青素抑制AGEs生成展开系统工作,研究了莲原花青素在不同食品加工体系中对AGEs的抑制效果及机制,并已在相关领域以第一作者或通讯作者发表SCI论文28篇(一区/二区17篇),主要研究成果发表在:Journal of Hazardous Materials;Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry;Food&Function;Food Chemistry等。未对其作为抗AGEs在胃肠道释放的抑制剂进行评价。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种EGCG醌作为抗AGEs在胃肠道释放的抑制剂的应用。
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种EGCG醌作为功能性食品添加剂的应用。
本发明实现目的之一所采用的方案是:一种EGCG醌作为抗AGEs在胃肠道释放的抑制剂的应用。
优选地,所述EGCG醌的化学结构式为:
优选地,EGCG醌对于荧光性AGEs及非荧光AGEs的代表物CML的在胃肠道释放均有抑制作用。
优选地,EGCG醌对于荧光性AGEs在胃肠道释放的抑制率分别可以达到胃期58.2%和肠期39.6%。
优选地,EGCG醌对于非荧光AGEs的代表物游离-CML的抑制率分别可以达到胃期56.7%和肠期35.2%;对于肽-CML在胃肠道释放的抑制率分别可以达到胃期36.9%和肠期51.2%。
优选地,EGCG醌能够降低糖化蛋白在胃肠道中的消化率,并清除已释放的AGEs,两者共同抑制了胃肠道中AGEs的含量。
优选地,EGCG醌可以抑制消化酶活性并改变糖化蛋白的构象。
本发明实现目的之二所采用的方案是:一种EGCG醌作为功能性食品添加剂的应用。
本发明具有以下优点和有益效果:
EGCG醌具有抗AGEs在胃肠道释放的活性。具体表现为可以有效抑制AGEs在胃肠道的释放,包括荧光性AGEs和非荧光AGEs的代表物CML。涉及的机制包括EGCG醌与糖化蛋白和消化酶之间的相互作用,抑制消化酶活性并改变糖化蛋白的构象。另外,EGCG醌对已释放的AGEs也有相当的清除作用。由此表明EGCG醌有潜力作为抗AGEs在胃肠道释放的抑制剂,可作为功能性食品添加剂,用于具有抗AGEs在胃肠道释放的功能性食品的开发,具有大的市场应用价值。
EGCG醌作为常见的原花青素EGCG的氧化产物,是自然界广泛存在的天然化合物,易于大规模生产推广。
进入胃肠道的EGCG醌除了抑制AGEs在胃肠道的释放,对释放后的AGEs还具有一定的清除作用。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1中EGCG醌对于糖化蛋白在胃肠道中的荧光性AGEs的影响;
图2是本发明实施例2中EGCG醌对于糖化蛋白在胃肠道中的水解度的影响;
图3是本发明实施例3中不同消化环境下EGCG醌与糖化蛋白和消化酶之间的荧光光谱(A:胃环境下EGCG醌与G-CS;B:胃环境下EGCG醌与Pepsin;C:肠环境下EGCG醌与G-CS;D:肠环境下EGCG醌与Pancreatin;其中A1、B1、C1、D1均代表荧光光谱图,A2、B2、C2、D2均代表Stern-Volmer曲线,A3、B3、C3、D3均代表双对数曲线。a-f分别为:0,20umol/L,40umol/L,60umol/L,80umol/L,100umol/L的EGCG醌添加量);
图4是本发明实施例3中EGCG醌对于糖化蛋白和消化酶之间的圆二色谱;
图5是本发明实施例3中EGCG醌对于糖化蛋白和消化酶之间的红外光谱(A:胃环境;B:肠环境);
图6是本发明的EGCG醌对于CML的加合物的形成途径。
具体实施方式
为更好的理解本发明,下面的实施例是对本发明的进一步说明,但本发明的内容不仅仅局限于下面的实施例。
本发明实施例的EGCG醌来源于实验室制备。在下文中,如果未特别说明,本发明所用材料和操作方法是本领域公知的。
实施例1
EGCG醌抗AGEs在胃肠道释放的活性研究实验:
1、试验内容:
EGCG醌抗AGEs在胃肠道释放的活性分析:结合体外AGEs的测定和糖化蛋白水解度及多光谱检测方法,对EGCG醌的抗AGEs在胃肠道释放的活性进行评估并对其机理进行了研究。
2、试验方法:
2.1糖化蛋白的制备
糖化模型系统中使用β-乳糖(β-Lactose)和酪蛋白(Casein)来制备糖化蛋白。在含有5mg/mL Casein和8mg/mLβ-Lactose的磷酸盐缓冲液(100mM,pH 7)中进行糖化。将混合后的溶液在98℃±2℃的水浴中加热2小时。加热后的样品使用3kDa MW的透析带在4℃下透析3天,以除去过量的小分子化合物。将透析溶液冻干并储存在-20℃直至消化测定,并将糖化后的蛋白命名为G-CS。所有样品均一式三份制备。
2.2体外消化系统
准确称取60mg的糖化蛋白和3mg的EGCG醌溶于5mL人工唾液(Simulated SalivaryFluid,SSF)储备液中,混匀2分钟,加入3.5mL人工胃液(simulated gastric fluid,SGF)储备液,用1mol/L HCl溶液调pH值至2.0。然后加入0.45ml胃蛋白酶(80000U/ml)、2.5μL0.3mol/L的CaCl2,最后加超纯水补至10mL,在37℃恒温振荡箱内进行消化2h,消化结束后调pH值至中性灭酶。取胃消化后产物10mL,加入5.5mL人工肠液(simulated intestinalfluid,SIF)储备液,加入2.5ml胰酶(800U/ml)、1.25ml新鲜猪胆盐(160mmol/L)、20μL0.3MCaCl2,用超纯水补至20mL,置于37℃恒温振荡箱内进行消化,消化结束后煮沸灭酶,作为肠消化组。样品在液氮中冷冻并储存在-20℃直至进一步分析。
2.3AGEs测定
2.3.1.荧光AGEs测定
使用F-4500发光光谱仪(Shimadzu,Japan)在370/440nm的激发/发射波长下测定荧光AGEs的量。
2.3.2.CML使用LC-MS2测定
在AGEs研究中,N-ε-羧甲基赖氨酸(N-ε-carboxymethyllysine,CML)作为一种目前研究热门的AGEs化合物,被广泛应用于食品加工过程中美拉德反应修饰蛋白或者体内还原糖氧化,脂质氧化或羰基化合物形成的重要标记产物,其含量的高低通常用来评价食品体系中总AGEs含量的高低。
2.3.2.1.游离CML测定
胃肠消化物中的游离性CML分析是通过将1ml胃肠消化物与1mL硼氢化钠(0.2M,pH9.2)混合进行还原。将还原后的样品(15μL)注入Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱(2.1×50mm,5μm,Agilent Technologies,德国)。流速为0.2mL/min,梯度洗脱条件(流动相A为含0.1%甲酸的水溶液,B为纯甲醇)为0-0.5min 90%A,0.5-4.0min 90%A-60%A.m/z84碎片用于根据标准曲线量化CML(m/z 205)。使用MassHunter Data和MassHunter Qualitative对数据进行定性和定量分析。(安捷伦科技,德国)。
2.3.2.2.肽-CML测定
在肽-CML定量方面,将3ml胃肠消化物使用HCl(6M)在110℃下水解24小时以释放出游离的CML。随后的CML测定与第2.3.2.1节中描述的游离性CML方法一致。
3、试验结果
表1口消化后、胃消化后和肠消化后的CML含量
荧光AGEs的实验结果如图1所示,从图中可以看出:EGCG醌可以有效抑制AGEs的释放。EGCG醌的抑制率分别可以达到58.2%(胃期)和39.6%(肠期)。对于非荧光AGEs的代表物CML(表1),EGCG醌的抑制率分别可以达到56.7%(胃期)和35.2%(肠期)。EGCG醌对于肽-CML在胃肠道释放的抑制率分别可以达到36.9%(胃期)和51.2%(肠期)。其中由于口腔中缺乏蛋白酶和停留时间短等,导致EGCG醌对于AGEs的抑制率没有显著性差异。上述可见,EGCG醌在胃肠道消化过程中对AGEs的释放具有明显抑制作用。
实施例2
EGCG醌对于糖化蛋白的消化性影响的实验:
1、试验内容
糖化蛋白经过体外胃肠道模拟消化后,进一步检测在消化的不同阶段的糖化蛋白的水解度,研究EGCG醌对于糖化蛋白水解的抑制作用。
2、试验方法
消化后的样品(75μL)与75μL的24%TCA混合,并在冰上沉淀30分钟。然后将溶液在4℃下以13,000rpm离心20分钟。离心后,取出30μL标准品(L-亮氨酸)或样品上清液,并与900μL四硼酸钠(0.1M,pH 8.0)混合。接着,在上述溶液中加入300μL荧光胺溶液(0.2mg/mL),分别使用390和480nm的激发和发射波长测量荧光。DH计算如下(方程式1):
其中[-NH2(h)]和[-NH2(0)]分别为消化后和消化之前的伯氨基团的浓度(mol/L),[-NH2(∞)]为理论上蛋白完全水解后的伯氨基团的最大浓度(mol/L),计算如下(方程2):
其中f(Lys)为蛋白中赖氨酸的含量(1代表蛋白中Lys含量为100%),Mw(AA)为蛋白质中氨基酸的平均分子量(g/mol),C是蛋白质浓度(g/L)。
3、试验结果
实验结果如图2所示,从图中可以看出:EGCG醌可以有效抑制糖化蛋白的水解,从而影响AGEs在胃肠道的释放。其中,EGCG醌的抑制率分别可以达到44.52%(胃期)和11.0%(肠期)。并且G-CS消化的主要阶段在肠消化阶段。
实施例3
EGCG醌对于糖化蛋白的相互作用试验:
1、试验内容
通过荧光光谱,圆二和红外光谱检测EGCG醌在模拟胃肠道环境中与糖化蛋白的相互作用。
2、试验方法
2.1荧光光谱
利用日立F-4700荧光分光光度计(日本东京),确定了EGCG醌对糖化蛋白的固有荧光光谱的影响。对于本征光谱,在280nm的激发波长下,记录了10umol/L的295-450nm下蛋白质溶液在不同消化环境下的发射光谱。激发和发射的狭缝宽度为5.0nm。对所有样本扫描三次,并对数据进行平均。
2.2圆二色谱
0.1mg/ml的糖化蛋白与EGCG醌混合。所有样本均在37℃下孵育30min。随后将样品在190~250nm进行扫描,扫描速度为60nm/min,响应时间为1s,狭缝宽度为1nm。用杨氏方程计算了蛋白质的二级结构。
2.3FTIR
含EGCG醌和不含EGCG醌的糖化蛋白溶液被冻干成粉末。将冻干样品和溴化钾的混合物磨成粉末,压成薄片,然后使用Nexus470FTIR光谱仪扫描。扫描工作在4000-400cm-1的范围内进行,其分辨率为4cm-1。FTIR计算平均32次扫描光谱。随后使用OMNIC软件进行了光谱处理。
3、试验结果
表2 EGCG醌与糖化蛋白和消化酶作用的荧光光谱热力学参数
如图3所示,从图中可以看出:随着EGCG醌的加入,G-CS和消化酶的荧光强度显著降低以及特征峰的红移(图3A1,B1,C1,D1)。说明EGCG醌的存在可以减轻由糖化引起的蛋白的构象变化,使疏水性氨基酸周围的环境变得更加极性。采用Stern-Volmer方程对光谱数据处理绘制了Stern-Volmer曲线(图3A2,B2,C2,D2)和双对数曲线(图3A3,B3,C3,D3),并将相关热力学参数的总结于表2。由表2可知,EGCG醌与糖化蛋白和消化酶以氢键和疏水相互作用发生相互作用,并因此影响到蛋白水解的情况。通过比较KA发现,EGCG醌与消化酶的亲和力要普遍大于G-CS,并且作用位点大约为1。通过比较ΔG发现,EGCG醌在不同环境下与糖化蛋白和消化酶的相互作用都是自发过程,其中EGCG醌与消化酶的作用倾向更大。通过CD结果可知(图4),EGCG醌导致的这种构象的改变引起了G-CS和消化酶的二级结构变化,减少了β-折叠,增加了α-螺旋(表3)。通过红外光谱(图5),验证了EGCG醌与糖化蛋白和消化酶的相互作用类型为氢键和疏水相互作用。在图5A和5B的红外光谱图中,可以观察到C=O,C–N和N–H的振动,在3400cm-1处的峰值变化证实了EGCG醌主要与蛋白质形成氢键。通过对红外光谱图中的酰胺I带特征峰的观测,也验证了之前的CD结果。因此,EGCG醌与糖化蛋白和消化酶的相互作用是引起蛋白水解度减低的原因。
F0/F=1+Ksv[Q]=1+Kqτ0[Q] (1)
式中:F0、F分别为EGCG醌加入前后的荧光强度;[Q]为EGCG醌浓度/(mol/L);Ksv、Kq分别为猝灭常数和猝灭速率常数;τ0为猝灭剂不存在时生物大分子的平均寿命,生物大分子的平均寿命约为10-8s。
表3 EGCG醌对G-CS和消化酶的蛋白质二级结构含量分布的影响
Sample | α-helix(%) | β-sheet(%) | β-turn(%) | random(%) |
G-CS(2.0) | 14.7 | 28.3 | 17.3 | 39.7 |
G-CS+EGCG醌(2.0) | 18.4 | 32.7 | 13.3 | 35.7 |
Pepsin | 32.3 | 14.7 | 22.2 | 30.8 |
Pepsin+EGCG醌 | 36.1 | 21.2 | 20.4 | 22.3 |
G-CS(7.5) | 13.6 | 30.4 | 19.8 | 36.3 |
G-CS+EGCG醌(7.5) | 15.6 | 29.4 | 19.1 | 35.5 |
Pancreatin | 7.1 | 26.25 | 29.85 | 36.8 |
Pancreatin+EGCG醌 | 6.7 | 31.4 | 24 | 37.9 |
实施例4
EGCG醌对于CML的清除实验:
1、试验内容
EGCG醌与CML反应产物:由1.0mM EGCG醌与10.0mM CML在0.2M磷酸盐缓冲液(p H2.0或7.0)中,于25℃搅拌1min制得,反应产物经0.22μm滤膜过滤后,用HPLC-ESI-MS/MS进行定性检测。
2、试验方法
取10μL样品上样至Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱中分离,柱温为25℃,流动相A为:乙腈:水(90:10,v:v;含0.5g/L乙酸铵,p H 5.5),流动相B为:乙腈:水(60:40,v:v;含0.5g/L乙酸铵,p H 5.5),以0.2mL/min的流速梯度洗脱。洗脱顺序为:0min-20min,B%:30%-60%;20min-22min,B%:60%-100%;22min-32min,B%:100%-100%;32min-35min,B%:100%-0%;35min-45min,B%:0%-0%;45min-47min,B%:0%-30%。
质谱参数如下:离子源为ESI+模式,干燥气流速为9.0L/min,干燥气温度为200℃,喷雾器压力为50psi,质荷比m/z扫描范围为50-750,碎裂电压为1.00V。
3、试验结果
EGCG醌与CML的加合途径如图6所示。
综上所述,由EGCG醌和糖化蛋白质结合引起的蛋白质表面的空间阻碍和静电排斥可能会阻止蛋白酶活性位点与蛋白质之间的相互结合。因此,一些酶切位点未能有效水解,导致糖化蛋白在体外胃肠道消化中的消化率降低。同时,EGCG醌与消化酶的相互作用也抑制了消化酶的酶活而导致了糖化蛋白的消化率降低。糖化蛋白的消化率降低导致了AGEs的释放被抑制。另外,EGCG醌对释放后的AGEs还具有一定的清除作用。本发明为将EGCG醌进一步研发制备一种有效抑制AGEs在胃肠道释放的功能性食品奠定了基础。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式而已,当然不能以此来限定本发明之权利范围,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和变动,这些改进和变动也视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.EGCG醌作为抗AGEs在胃肠道释放的抑制剂的应用。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:EGCG醌对于荧光性AGEs及非荧光AGEs的代表物CML的在胃肠道释放均有抑制作用。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于:EGCG醌对于荧光性AGEs在胃肠道释放的抑制率分别可以达到胃期58.2%和肠期39.6%。
5.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于:EGCG醌对于非荧光AGEs的代表物游离-CML的抑制率分别可以达到胃期56.7%和肠期35.2%;对于肽-CML在胃肠道释放的抑制率分别可以达到胃期36.9%和肠期51.2%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:EGCG醌能够降低糖化蛋白在胃肠道中的消化率,并清除已释放的AGEs,两者共同抑制了胃肠道中AGEs的含量。
7.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:EGCG醌可以抑制消化酶活性并改变糖化蛋白的构象。
8.EGCG醌作为功能性食品添加剂的应用。
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CN112545909A (zh) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-03-26 | 湖南农业大学 | 一种茶黄素组合物及其应用 |
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CN114711428B (zh) * | 2022-04-11 | 2023-09-22 | 湖北工业大学 | 果胶ecg组合物在抑制胃肠道吡啶类衍生物形成中的应用 |
CN114916572A (zh) * | 2022-05-23 | 2022-08-19 | 湖北工业大学 | 一种低AGEs的EGCG醌-曲奇及其制备方法 |
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