CN113922447B - Vehicle power supply circuit, equipment and car - Google Patents

Vehicle power supply circuit, equipment and car Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113922447B
CN113922447B CN202111180431.7A CN202111180431A CN113922447B CN 113922447 B CN113922447 B CN 113922447B CN 202111180431 A CN202111180431 A CN 202111180431A CN 113922447 B CN113922447 B CN 113922447B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
power supply
circuit
supply circuit
power
vehicle
Prior art date
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Application number
CN202111180431.7A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN113922447A (en
Inventor
王鹏
赵志伟
李常珞
牛尚冰
王肃阔
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co Ltd
Weirui Electric Automobile Technology Ningbo Co Ltd
Zeekr Automobile Ningbo Hangzhou Bay New Area Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co Ltd
Weirui Electric Automobile Technology Ningbo Co Ltd
Zeekr Automobile Ningbo Hangzhou Bay New Area Co Ltd
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Application filed by Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co Ltd, Weirui Electric Automobile Technology Ningbo Co Ltd, Zeekr Automobile Ningbo Hangzhou Bay New Area Co Ltd filed Critical Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co Ltd
Priority to CN202111180431.7A priority Critical patent/CN113922447B/en
Publication of CN113922447A publication Critical patent/CN113922447A/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0092—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption with use of redundant elements for safety purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • B60R16/033—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for characterised by the use of electrical cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits

Abstract

The invention discloses a vehicle power supply circuit, equipment and an automobile, and relates to the technical field of automobile power supply systems. The vehicle power supply circuit comprises a power battery, a first power supply circuit, a second power supply circuit, a third power supply circuit and a first storage battery, wherein the input ends of the first power supply circuit, the first power supply circuit and the first power supply circuit are connected with the output end of the power battery, and the output end of the first power supply circuit is connected with the first power supply end; the output end of the second power supply circuit is connected with the first power supply end and the second power supply end respectively; the output end of the third power supply circuit is respectively connected with the first power supply end, the second power supply end and the third power supply end; the output end of the first storage battery is respectively connected with the first power supply end, the second power supply end and the third power supply end. According to the invention, the output power supply of the power battery is converted to obtain a plurality of power supply sources, and the power supply sources are combined with the storage battery to supply power to the low-voltage electric appliance in the vehicle, so that the power failure of the low-voltage electric appliance caused by abnormal power supply is avoided, and the safety of the vehicle is improved.

Description

Vehicle power supply circuit, equipment and car
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of automotive power systems, and in particular, to a power supply circuit and apparatus for a vehicle, and an automobile.
Background
The power supply system of the new energy automobile is divided into a high-voltage power supply system and a low-voltage power supply system, wherein the power supply object of the low-voltage power supply system mainly comprises vehicle-mounted piezoelectric devices, such as various controllers (a power management controller, a whole automobile controller, a motor controller and the like), instruments, a display, a communication module and the like. However, when the power supply of the low-voltage power supply system is abnormal at present, if the whole vehicle is in a condition of not allowing power down (such as high-speed running), abnormal power down of each piezoelectric device in the vehicle can be caused, so that potential safety hazards exist for the vehicle.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a vehicle power supply circuit, which aims to solve the technical problems that in the prior art, the power supply source of a vehicle low-voltage power supply system is abnormal and the vehicle is abnormally powered down.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a vehicle power supply circuit including:
a power battery;
the input end of the first power supply circuit is connected with the output end of the power battery, and the output end of the first power supply circuit is connected with the first power supply end;
the input end of the second power supply circuit is connected with the input end of the first power supply circuit, the output end of the second power supply circuit is respectively connected with the first power supply end and the second power supply end, and the output power of the second power supply circuit is larger than that of the first power supply circuit;
the input end of the third power supply circuit is connected with the input end of the second power supply circuit, the output end of the third power supply circuit is respectively connected with the first power supply end, the second power supply end and the third power supply end, and the output power of the third power supply circuit is larger than that of the second power supply circuit;
the output end of the first storage battery is connected with the first power supply end, the second power supply end and the third power supply end respectively, and the output power of the first storage battery is larger than that of the third power supply circuit.
Optionally, the first power supply circuit includes:
the input end of the flyback conversion circuit is connected with the output end of the power battery;
and the first end of the switching circuit is connected with the output end of the flyback conversion circuit, the second end of the switching circuit is connected with the first power supply end, and the third end of the switching circuit is connected with the second power supply end.
Optionally, the flyback converter circuit includes:
the primary coil of the transformer is connected with the output end of the power battery;
the power switch tube is arranged on a loop between the primary coil and the power battery and used for controlling the on-off of the loop;
and the input end of the output circuit is connected with the secondary coil of the transformer, and the output end of the output circuit is connected with the first end of the switching circuit.
Optionally, the switching circuit includes:
the anode of the first diode is connected with the output end of the flyback converter circuit, and the cathode of the first diode is connected with the first power supply end;
and the anode of the second diode is connected with the output end of the second power supply circuit, and the cathode of the second diode is connected with the first power supply end.
Optionally, the switching circuit further includes:
the first switch is arranged between the anode of the first diode and the output end of the flyback conversion circuit;
the second switch is arranged between the anode of the second diode and the output end of the second power supply circuit.
Optionally, the vehicle power supply circuit further includes:
the third switch is arranged between the input end of the first power supply circuit and the input end of the second power supply circuit;
and the first switch driving circuit is connected with the first power supply end and used for controlling the on-off of the third switch.
Optionally, the vehicle power supply circuit further includes:
the fourth switch is arranged between the input end of the first power supply circuit and the input end of the third power supply circuit;
and the second switch driving circuit is connected with the first power supply end and used for controlling the on-off of the fourth switch.
Optionally, the vehicle power supply circuit further includes:
the output end of the second storage battery is connected with the first power supply end and the second power supply end respectively, and the output power of the second storage battery is larger than that of the second power supply circuit.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention also proposes a vehicle power supply apparatus including the vehicle power supply circuit as described above.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention also proposes an automobile comprising the vehicle power supply apparatus as described above.
In the invention, a vehicle power supply circuit comprises a power battery, a first power supply circuit, a second power supply circuit, a third power supply circuit and a first storage battery, wherein the input end of the first power supply circuit is connected with the output end of the power battery, and the output end of the first power supply circuit is connected with the first power supply end; the input end of the second power supply circuit is connected with the input end of the first power supply circuit, and the output end of the second power supply circuit is connected with the first power supply end and the second power supply end respectively; the input end of the third power supply circuit is connected with the input end of the second power supply circuit, and the output end of the third power supply circuit is respectively connected with the first power supply end, the second power supply end and the third power supply end; the output end of the first storage battery is respectively connected with the first power supply end, the second power supply end and the third power supply end. The invention obtains a plurality of power supplies by converting the output power of the power battery; meanwhile, the storage battery is combined to supply power to all low-voltage electric appliances in the vehicle, so that power failure of all low-voltage electric appliances caused by abnormal power supply is avoided, and the safety of the vehicle is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the structures shown in these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a first embodiment of a power supply circuit for a vehicle according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a second embodiment of a power supply circuit for a vehicle according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of an embodiment of a switching circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of another embodiment of the switching circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of an embodiment of a flyback converter circuit according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of a third embodiment of a power supply circuit for a vehicle according to the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
reference numerals Name of the name Reference numerals Name of the name
100 Power battery 900 First switch driving circuit
200 First power supply circuit 1000 Second switch driving circuit
2001 Flyback converter circuit 1100 Second storage battery
2002 Switching circuit D1～D3 First to third diodes
300 First power supply terminal K1～K4 First to fourth switches
400 Second power supply circuit T Transformer
500 A second power supply terminal Q Power switch tube
600 Third power supply circuit C Capacitance device
700 Third power supply terminal R Resistor
800 First storage battery FU Fuse element
The achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.
Detailed Description
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiments of the present invention are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement, etc. between the components in a particular posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the particular posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
Furthermore, the description of "first," "second," etc. in this disclosure is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the technical solutions should be considered that the combination does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a first embodiment of a power supply circuit for a vehicle according to the present invention. The present invention proposes a first embodiment of a vehicle power supply circuit.
In a first embodiment, a vehicle power supply circuit includes:
a power battery 100; the first power supply circuit 200, the input end of the first power supply circuit 200 is connected with the output end of the power battery 100, and the output end of the first power supply circuit 200 is connected with the first power supply end 300; the input end of the second power supply circuit 400 is connected with the input end of the first power supply circuit 200, the output end of the second power supply circuit 400 is respectively connected with the first power supply end 300 and the second power supply end 500, and the output power of the second power supply circuit 400 is larger than that of the first power supply circuit 200; the input end of the third power supply circuit 600 is connected with the input end of the second power supply circuit 004, the output end of the third power supply circuit 600 is respectively connected with the first power supply end 300, the second power supply end 500 and the third power supply end 700, and the output power of the third power supply circuit 600 is larger than that of the second power supply circuit 400; the output end of the first storage battery 800 is respectively connected with the first power supply end 300, the second power supply end 500 and the third power supply end 700, and the output power of the first storage battery 800 is larger than the output power of the third power supply circuit 600.
It should be noted that, the power battery 100 may be a main power supply of the vehicle, typically, a high-voltage direct-current power supply, and the power supply object may include a vehicle-mounted air conditioner, a motor, or other devices, and the voltage value may reach 300V or 400V. In a specific implementation, the power battery 100 may be composed of a plurality of power modules connected in series, but may be in other forms, which is not limited in this embodiment.
In this embodiment, the first power supply terminal 300, the second power supply terminal 500, and the third power supply terminal 700 are used to supply power to different vehicle-mounted electrical devices, such as various controllers (power management controller, vehicle controller, motor controller, etc.), meters, displays, communication modules, etc. Therefore, the voltages output from the first power supply circuit 200, the second power supply circuit 400, and the third power supply circuit 600 are all low voltages, such as 3V, 5V, or 12V.
In a specific implementation, the first power supply circuit 200, the second power supply circuit 400 and the third power supply circuit 600 may each include a voltage reducing circuit, which are connected in parallel, so as to respectively perform voltage reducing processing on the output power source of the power battery 100, and obtain a low voltage power source. The input terminals of the first power supply circuit 200, the second power supply circuit 400, and the third power supply circuit 600 may be input sides of the step-down circuit, and the output terminals of the first power supply circuit 200, the second power supply circuit 400, and the third power supply circuit 600 may be output sides of the step-down circuit. The two connection ends of the input side of the voltage reduction circuit are connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power battery to form a high-voltage loop, and the two connection ends of the output side of the voltage reduction circuit are connected with the first power supply end 300, the second power supply end 500 and/or the third power supply end 700 to form a low-voltage loop. The buck circuit may be formed by a unidirectional buck converter or a bidirectional buck-boost converter, which has already been known in the art, and this embodiment will not be described here again.
It can be appreciated that by using multiple power supplies for low-voltage electric appliances in a vehicle, power failure of all the electric appliances in the whole vehicle caused by failure of a certain power supply can be avoided. Meanwhile, to match the power requirements of different electric devices, the output power of the first power supply circuit 200, the second power supply circuit 400, and the third power supply circuit 600 may be different, and the output power may be the maximum output power. Therefore, the high-power electric device and the low-power electric device are distinguished and are respectively connected with different power supply ends, so that the design power of the power supply circuit can be reduced, and the cost is reduced.
In the present embodiment, first battery 800 mainly functions as a starting function. Since each low-voltage device requires higher power at the initial stage of start-up, first battery 800 can provide higher output power to start each low-voltage device. For example, if the maximum peak power of each low-voltage electric appliance is 3kw, the maximum output power of the first battery 800 is 3kw, the output power of the third power supply circuit 600 may be 1.5kw, the output power of the second power supply circuit 400 may be 1kw, and the output power of the first power supply circuit 200 may be 100w. After each low voltage apparatus is started, power may be supplied by the first power supply circuit 200, the second power supply circuit 400, and/or the third power supply circuit 600 to maintain an operation state of each low voltage apparatus. Thus, the design power of the first power supply circuit 200, the second power supply circuit 400, and the third power supply circuit 600 can be reduced, and the cost can be reduced. Meanwhile, when power fluctuation is generated in the operation process of each low-voltage electric appliance to cause the power supply to rise, the first storage battery 800 can be started to supply power, so that the functions of buffering and compensation are achieved.
It will be appreciated that when the first battery 800 does not output power, the third power supply circuit 600 may also be controlled to supply power to the third power supply terminal 700 while charging the first battery 800. In particular, the output control of first battery 800 may be controlled by a power management module of the vehicle, and the present embodiment is not limited thereto.
In a specific implementation, in order to ensure stable operation of each low-voltage electrical apparatus in the vehicle, different power supply modes may be configured for each low-voltage electrical apparatus. For example, the first power supply terminal 300 may be connected to critical electrical devices in the vehicle (e.g., a vehicle core controller, a power management module, etc.), the second power supply terminal 500 may be connected to safety-related electrical devices in the vehicle (e.g., various types of switches, etc.), and the third power supply terminal 700 may be connected to conventional electrical devices in the vehicle (e.g., meters, communication modules, etc.). Therefore, the key electric devices in the vehicle can be powered by double power supplies, and the operation stability of the key electric devices is ensured. Of course, the power supply objects of the first power supply terminal 300, the second power supply terminal 500, and the third power supply terminal 700 may be set according to the user's requirements, which is not limited in this embodiment.
It should be noted that, a control unit may be disposed between the first power supply terminal 300, the second power supply terminal 500, the third power supply terminal 700, and each low-voltage electrical apparatus to control a communication state between each low-voltage electrical apparatus and the first power supply terminal 300, the second power supply terminal 500, or the third power supply terminal 700, so as to control power-up or power-down of each low-voltage electrical apparatus; wherein the driving of the control units may be controlled by a vehicle core controller.
As one example, each low voltage device on the vehicle may be powered by the following control strategy: at the time of starting the vehicle, key electric devices in the vehicle are powered by the first power supply circuit 200 and the first storage battery 800 through the first power supply terminal 300. When the vehicle is started and enters a normal operation state, all the piezoelectrics of the vehicle are powered by the third power supply circuit 700 and/or the first storage battery 800 through the first power supply terminal 300, the second power supply terminal 500 and the third power supply terminal 700. If the third power supply terminal 700 is abnormal during traveling, the second power supply circuit 400 and/or the first battery 800 supply power to the vehicle key electric devices and safety-related electric devices through the first power supply terminal 300 and the second power supply terminal 500. If the second power supply circuit 400 is abnormal, the first power supply circuit 200 and/or the first storage battery 800 supplies power to the key electric devices in the vehicle through the first power supply end 300, so that the key electric devices are prevented from being powered down, and the safety of the vehicle is ensured. When the power battery is abnormal inside, all the electric appliances of the vehicle are supplied with power from the first storage battery 800. In the above process, the first storage battery 800 has a limited capacity, especially has a serious capacity attenuation at low temperature, and cannot support the low-voltage electric appliance to work for a long time, when the first storage battery 800 and the power supply circuit supply power together, the first storage battery 800 is an auxiliary power supply, and is mainly used for compensating when the output power of each power supply circuit is insufficient, and each low-voltage electric appliance is mainly provided with a low-voltage power supply by the corresponding power supply circuit.
It should be noted that, the first power supply circuit 200 may also increase the low voltage power supply to the second power supply terminal 500 and the third power supply terminal 700, so as to supply power to safety-related electric devices and conventional electric devices. The second power supply circuit 400 may also boost a low voltage power supply to the third power supply terminal 700 to supply power to conventional electrical devices. Since the output power of the first power supply circuit 200 is low, when the conventional electric device is powered, some electric devices may not work normally, and at this time, the high-power electric device may be turned off to ensure that the output of the first power supply circuit 200 is stable.
In the first embodiment, the vehicle power supply circuit includes the power battery 100, the first power supply circuit 200, the second power supply circuit 400, the third power supply circuit 600, and the first storage battery 800, the input terminal of the first power supply circuit 200 is connected to the output terminal of the power battery 100, and the output terminal of the first power supply circuit 200 is connected to the first power supply terminal 300; an input end of the second power supply circuit 400 is connected with an input end of the first power supply circuit 200, and an output end of the second power supply circuit 400 is connected with the first power supply end 300 and the second power supply end 500 respectively; an input end of the third power supply circuit 600 is connected with an input end of the second power supply circuit 004, and an output end of the third power supply circuit 600 is connected with the first power supply end 300, the second power supply end 500 and the third power supply end 700 respectively; the output terminal of the first battery 800 is connected to the first power supply terminal 300, the second power supply terminal 500, and the third power supply terminal 700, respectively. In the present embodiment, a plurality of power supplies are obtained by converting the output power of the power battery 100; meanwhile, the first storage battery 800 is combined to supply power to all low-voltage electric appliances in the vehicle, so that power failure of all low-voltage electric appliances caused by abnormal power supply is avoided, and the safety of the vehicle is improved.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a second embodiment of a power supply circuit for a vehicle according to the present invention. Based on the first embodiment described above, the present invention proposes a second embodiment of the vehicle power supply circuit.
In the second embodiment, the first power supply circuit 200 includes: the flyback converter circuit 2001, the input end of the flyback converter circuit 2001 is connected with the output end of the power battery 100; the switching circuit 2002, a first terminal of the switching circuit 2002 is connected to an output terminal of the flyback converter circuit 2001, a second terminal of the switching circuit 2002 is connected to the first power supply terminal 300, and a third terminal of the switching circuit 2002 is connected to the second power supply terminal 500.
The flyback converter circuit 2001 may include a flyback transformer, and the output side thereof outputs power when the input side is disconnected from the power supply. In a specific implementation, two connections on the input side of the flyback transformer are connected to the positive and negative poles of the power battery 100 to form a high voltage loop, and two connections on the output side of the flyback transformer are connected to the switching circuit 2002 to form a low voltage loop. The output power of the flyback converter 2001 is generally low, for example, about 100w, and the specific value of the output voltage can be set as needed, which is not limited in this embodiment.
In this embodiment, the switching circuit 2002 is configured to select each input voltage and output the selected input voltage. In the present embodiment, the first power supply terminal 300 may receive the output power of the first power supply circuit 200, the second power supply circuit 400, the third power supply circuit 600, or the first battery 800. Thus, to facilitate selection of power sources, the switching circuit 2002 may be used to switch the output power sources described above. The switching circuit 2002 may be connected to the input terminal of the second power supply terminal 500 and/or the third power supply terminal 700, so as to receive the output power of the second power supply circuit 400, the third power supply circuit 600, or the first battery 800.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of an embodiment of a switching circuit according to the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, the switching circuit 2002 may include: the anode of the first diode D1 is connected with the output end of the flyback converter circuit 2001, and the cathode of the first diode D1 is connected with the first power supply end 300; and a second diode D2, wherein an anode of the second diode D2 is connected to the output terminal of the input terminal of the second power supply terminal 500 and/or the third power supply terminal 700, and a cathode of the second diode D2 is connected to the first power supply terminal 300.
It should be noted that, the power source connected to the input end of the second power supply end 500 may be the output power source of the second power supply circuit 400 and/or the output power source of the first battery 800, so the power source connected to the anode of the second diode D2 may also be the output power source of the second power supply circuit 400 and/or the output power source of the first battery 800. The power source connected to the input end of the third power supply end 700 may be the output power source of the third power supply circuit 600 and/or the output power source of the first battery 800, so the power source connected to the anode of the second diode D2 may also be the output power source of the third power supply circuit 600 and/or the output power source of the first battery 800. In this embodiment, the switching circuit 2002 may combine the flyback converter 2001 with the input power of the second power supply terminal 500 and/or the power to which the input power of the third power supply terminal 700 is connected, and then transmit the combined power to the first power supply terminal 300.
It should be noted that, to facilitate control of the power supply connected to the second power supply terminal 500 and/or the third power supply terminal 700, the switching circuit 2002 may further include an access loop, where the access loop is also composed of a diode, and the direction of the diode is the same as that of the second diode D2, so that the power supply connected to the second power supply terminal 500 and the third power supply terminal 700 is connected to the second diode D2 respectively. Meanwhile, in order to facilitate control of the power source connected to the second power supply terminal 500, a switching circuit may be disposed between the second power supply terminal 500 and the second power supply circuit 400, and an input terminal of the switching circuit is connected to an output terminal of the second power supply circuit 400 and an input terminal of the third power supply terminal, respectively.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of another embodiment of the switching circuit of the present invention. As shown in fig. 4, this embodiment adds a switching element on the basis of fig. 3, and specifically, the switching circuit 2002 may further include: a first switch K1 disposed between the anode of the first diode D1 and the output terminal of the flyback converter circuit 2001; the second switch K2 is disposed between the anode of the second diode D2 and the output terminal of the second power supply circuit 400.
It should be noted that, the first switch K1 and the second switch K2 may be controlled by the power management module, and the first switch K1 and the second switch K2 may be relays or the like. In a specific implementation, the first switch K1 and the second switch K2 are controlled separately, thereby realizing a simultaneous output or a single output. When the first switch K1 is closed, the first power supply terminal 300 receives the low voltage power supply output by the first power supply circuit 200; when the second switch K2 is closed, the first power supply terminal 300 receives the low voltage power supply to which the second power supply terminal 500 and the third power supply terminal 700 are connected. Or the first switch K1 and the second switch K2 are mutually exclusive switches, and only one switch is in a closed state at the same time, so that the output is interlocked.
It should be noted that, to ensure power supply of low-voltage appliances as much as possible, the first power supply circuit 200 may also provide power to the second power supply terminal 500. In a specific implementation, a diode opposite to the second diode D2 may be further disposed between the input end of the first power supply terminal 300 and the second power supply terminal 500, where an anode of the diode is connected to the first power supply terminal 300, and a cathode of the diode is connected to the second power supply terminal 500; meanwhile, a switch mutually exclusive to the second switch K2 is further disposed between the cathode of the diode and the second power supply terminal 500, and only one of the switch and the second switch K2 can be in a closed state at the same time. Accordingly, the switching circuit between the second power supply terminal 500 and the second power supply circuit 400 may also refer to this setting.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of an embodiment of a flyback converter according to the present invention. As shown in fig. 5, the flyback converter 2001 includes: a transformer T, the primary coil of which is connected with the output end of the power battery 100; the power switch tube Q is arranged on a loop between the primary coil and the power battery 100 and used for controlling the on-off of the loop; and an input end of the output circuit is connected with the secondary coil of the transformer T, and an output end of the output circuit is connected with the first end of the switching circuit 2002.
It should be noted that, the transformer T is a flyback transformer, and the power switch Q may be a MOS (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) transistor. One side of a primary coil of the transformer T is connected with the positive electrode of the power battery 100, the other side of the primary coil of the transformer T is connected with the drain electrode of the power switch tube Q, the source electrode of the power switch tube Q is connected with the negative electrode of the power battery 100, and the grid electrode of the power switch tube Q is connected with the driving circuit. The driving circuit is used for controlling the on-off of the power switch tube Q, so as to regulate the output of the transformer T, and the driving of the transformer T and the power switch tube Q has already been implemented by a mature technology, which is not described herein in detail.
In this embodiment, the output circuit may include a third diode D3, a capacitor C and a resistor R, where the capacitor C and the resistor R are connected in parallel to both sides of the secondary winding of the transformer T, an anode of the third diode D3 is connected to one side of the secondary winding of the transformer T, a cathode of the third diode D3 is connected to the switching circuit 2002, and the third diode D3 may perform a rectifying function.
In the second embodiment, the first power supply circuit 200 includes a flyback converter circuit 2001 and a switching circuit 2002; the input terminal of the flyback converter circuit 2001 is connected with the output terminal of the power battery 100; a first terminal of the switching circuit 2002 is connected to the output terminal of the flyback converter circuit 2001, a second terminal of the switching circuit 2002 is connected to the first power supply terminal 300, and a third terminal of the switching circuit 2002 is connected to the second power supply terminal 500. In this embodiment, the switching circuit 2002 is configured to select each power supply, so as to adapt to power supply strategies under different situations, and make power supply configuration more flexible.
Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of a third embodiment of a power supply circuit for a vehicle according to the present invention. Based on the first and second embodiments described above, the present invention proposes a third embodiment of the vehicle power supply circuit.
In a third embodiment, the vehicle power supply circuit further includes: the third switch K3, the third switch K3 is disposed between the input end of the first power supply circuit 200 and the input end of the second power supply circuit 400; the first switch driving circuit 900, the first switch driving circuit 900 is connected with the first power supply terminal 300, and is used for controlling the on-off of the third switch K3.
In order to control the power supply, a third switch K3 is disposed between the input terminal of the first power supply circuit 200 and the input terminal of the second power supply circuit 400. When the third switch is in the closed state, the second power supply circuit 400 can receive the power output by the power battery 100, and then output the low-voltage power supply after voltage conversion, and the second power supply terminal 500 can receive the low-voltage power supply. When the third switch is in the off state, the second power supply circuit 400 has no power input, nor has the low-voltage power supply output.
In a specific implementation, the power supply terminal of the first switch driving circuit 900 is connected to the first power supply terminal 300, and the first power supply terminal 300 provides the working power for the switch driving circuit 700. After receiving the working power supply, the first switch driving circuit 900 controls the on-off of the third switch K3 according to a preset control logic. The specific control logic may be set according to the user's requirement, which is not limited in this embodiment.
In this embodiment, to further improve the controllability of power supply, the vehicle power supply circuit further includes:
a fourth switch K4, the fourth switch K4 being disposed between the input terminal of the first power supply circuit 200 and the input terminal of the third power supply circuit 600; the second switch driving circuit 1000, the second switch driving circuit 1000 is connected with the first power supply terminal 300, and is used for controlling the on-off of the fourth switch K4.
When the fourth switch K4 is in the closed state, the third power supply circuit 600 can receive the power output by the power battery 100, and then output the low-voltage power supply after voltage conversion, and the third power supply terminal 700 can receive the low-voltage power supply. When the fourth switch K4 is in the off state, the third power supply circuit 600 has no power input and no low-voltage power supply output.
In a specific implementation, the power supply terminal of the second switch driving circuit 1000 is connected to the first power supply terminal 300, and the first power supply terminal 300 provides the working power for the second switch driving circuit 1000. After receiving the working power, the second switch driving circuit 1000 controls the on-off of the fourth switch K4 according to a preset control logic. The specific control logic may be set according to the user's requirement, which is not limited in this embodiment.
In the present embodiment, since the output of the power battery 100 is a high-voltage power source, the third switch K3 and the fourth switch K4 may each include a positive relay and a negative relay in order to improve the safety of the circuit. The contact switch of the positive relay is arranged on the positive side of the power battery 100, the contact switch of the negative relay is arranged on the negative side of the power battery 100, and coils of the positive relay and the negative relay are arranged in the switch driving circuit.
The first switch driving circuit 900 and the second switch driving circuit 1000 may each include two relay coil driving circuits, and the relay coil driving circuits are controlled by a power management module (not shown in the figure) to control the switching states of the positive relay and the negative relay respectively. The relay coil driving circuit is powered by the first power supply terminal 300, and the power management module can also be powered by the first power supply terminal 300.
In this embodiment, the second power supply terminal 500 mainly supplies power to electrical devices related to safety in the vehicle, so as to improve stability of the power source connected to the second power supply terminal 500, and the vehicle power supply circuit further includes a second battery 1100, where output terminals of the second battery 1100 are connected to the first power supply terminal 300 and the second power supply terminal 500, respectively, and output power of the second battery 500 is greater than that of the second power supply circuit 400. The second battery 1100 mainly serves as a backup power source for the second power supply circuit 400, and supplies power to safety-related electric devices in the vehicle when the second power supply circuit 400 fails. The relevant arrangement of the second battery 1100 may refer to the arrangement of the first battery 800, and this embodiment is not described herein.
It should be noted that, because the vehicle condition of the vehicle is complex during the driving process, in special situations (such as jolt, collision, etc.), the third switch K3 and the fourth switch K4 may fail, so as to ensure the safety of the vehicle, as an example, the power supply control strategy of the vehicle may be: during normal running of the vehicle, the fourth switch K4 is in a closed state, and the third power supply circuit 600 and the first storage battery 800 supply power to all the piezoelectrics of the vehicle through the first power supply end 300, the second power supply end 500 and the third power supply end 700; first battery 80 is used to compensate the output of third power supply circuit 600 when the power required by the piezoelectric device is high. That is, the voltage V3 connected to the first power supply terminal 300 and the voltage V2 connected to the second power supply terminal 500 are equal to the voltage V1 received by the third power supply terminal 700, and V1 is the output voltage of the third power supply circuit 600 and/or the first battery 800. If the fourth switch K4 is turned off and cannot be temporarily recovered due to an abnormal condition of the vehicle, the third power supply circuit 600 cannot provide the power supply, and at this time, the third switch K3 is controlled to be in a closed state, and the second power supply circuit 400, the first storage battery 800 and the second storage battery 1100 supply power to the vehicle key electric devices and the safety-related electric devices through the first power supply terminal 300 and the second power supply terminal 500; the first battery 800 and the second battery 1100 are mainly used for compensating the output of the second power supply circuit 400 when the power required by the piezoelectric device is high. That is, the voltage V3 received by the first power supply terminal 300 is equal to the voltage V2 received by the second power supply terminal 500, and V1 is the output voltage of the third power supply circuit 600, the second battery 1100, and/or the first battery 800. If the third switch K3 and the fourth switch K4 are all disabled, the first power supply circuit 200 supplies power to the critical electrical devices in the vehicle through the first power supply terminal 300, that is, the voltage V3 accessed by the first power supply terminal 300 may be the voltage output by the flyback converter circuit 2001, so as to avoid power failure of the critical low-voltage devices of the vehicle.
At this time, the key electric devices of the vehicle are powered by the first power supply circuit 200 and the storage battery 600 through the first power supply terminal 300, that is, the voltage V2 connected to the first power supply terminal 300 is equal to the output voltage V3 of the flyback converter circuit. Meanwhile, the storage battery 600 may also provide power for the conventional electric device through the second power supply terminal 500.
In addition, to protect the power battery 100, the vehicle power supply circuit further includes a fuse element FU disposed between an input terminal of the first power supply circuit 200 and an input terminal of the second power supply circuit 400. In a specific implementation, the fuse element FU may be a fuse or a fuse, and this embodiment is not limited thereto.
In addition, when an abnormality occurs in a high-voltage electric appliance (in-vehicle air conditioner or the like) or a line is short-circuited, an excessive current is caused, and the power battery 100 is easily damaged. The fuse element FU is opened when the output current of the power battery is excessively large, thereby disconnecting the power battery 100 to abnormal electrical appliances.
In this embodiment, in order to avoid that the fuse element FU affects the power supply of the low-voltage power supply after fusing, the fuse element FU is disposed between the input terminal of the first power supply circuit 200 and the input terminal of the second power supply circuit 400. After the fuse element FU is fused, although the second power supply circuit 400 cannot provide the low voltage power supply, since the first power supply circuit 200 is located inside the fuse element FU, the output power of the power battery 100 can still be received, thereby providing the low voltage power supply for the key electric device, avoiding the power failure of the key electric device, and improving the safety of the vehicle. Meanwhile, the battery 600 can also provide a low-voltage power supply for the key electric device, but since the battery 600 has a limited capacity, particularly, has a serious capacity fade at a low temperature, and cannot support the operation of the piezoelectric device for a long time, the power supply for the key electric device is mainly provided by the first power supply circuit 200.
In a third embodiment, the vehicle power supply circuit further includes: the third switch K3, the third switch K3 is disposed between the input end of the first power supply circuit 200 and the input end of the second power supply circuit 400; the first switch driving circuit 900, the first switch driving circuit 900 is connected with the first power supply end 300, and is used for controlling the on-off of the third switch K3; a fourth switch K4, the fourth switch K4 being disposed between the input terminal of the first power supply circuit 200 and the input terminal of the third power supply circuit 600; the second switch driving circuit 1000, the second switch driving circuit 1000 is connected with the first power supply end 300, and is used for controlling the on-off of the fourth switch K4; a fuse element FU, which is provided between an input terminal of the first power supply circuit 200 and an input terminal of the second power supply circuit 400. In this embodiment, the third switch K3 and the fourth switch K4 are provided, so that the working states of the second power supply circuit 400 and the third power supply circuit 600 are conveniently controlled, and the flexibility of the configuration of the vehicle power supply strategy is improved. Meanwhile, the input end of the first power supply circuit 200 is located inside the fusing element FU, so that the key electric devices of the vehicle are not powered down after fusing, and the safety of the vehicle is improved.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention also proposes a vehicle power supply apparatus including the vehicle power supply circuit as described above. The specific structure of the vehicle power supply circuit refers to the above embodiments, and since the vehicle power supply device can adopt the technical solutions of all the embodiments, the vehicle power supply circuit at least has the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the embodiments, and will not be described in detail herein.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention also proposes an automobile comprising the vehicle power supply apparatus as described above. The specific structure of the vehicle power supply device refers to the above embodiments, and since the present vehicle may adopt the technical solutions of all the embodiments, the present vehicle power supply device at least has the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the embodiments, which are not described in detail herein.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather is intended to cover any equivalents of the structures or equivalent processes disclosed herein or in the alternative, which may be employed directly or indirectly in other related arts.

Claims (9)

1. A vehicle power supply circuit, characterized in that the vehicle power supply circuit comprises:
a power battery;
the input end of the first power supply circuit is connected with the output end of the power battery, and the output end of the first power supply circuit is connected with the first power supply end; wherein, first power supply circuit includes flyback conversion circuit and switching circuit, switching circuit includes: the anode of the first diode is connected with the output end of the flyback conversion circuit, and the cathode of the first diode is connected with the first power supply end; the anode of the second diode is connected with the output end of the second power supply circuit, and the cathode of the second diode is connected with the first power supply end;
the input end of the second power supply circuit is connected with the input end of the first power supply circuit, the output end of the second power supply circuit is respectively connected with the first power supply end and the second power supply end, and the output power of the second power supply circuit is larger than that of the first power supply circuit;
the input end of the third power supply circuit is connected with the input end of the second power supply circuit, the output end of the third power supply circuit is respectively connected with the first power supply end, the second power supply end and the third power supply end, and the output power of the third power supply circuit is larger than that of the second power supply circuit;
the output end of the first storage battery is respectively connected with the first power supply end, the second power supply end and the third power supply end, the output power of the first storage battery is larger than that of the third power supply circuit, the third power supply circuit is used for supplying power to the third power supply end and charging the first storage battery, and when the vehicle is started, the vehicle is powered by the first power supply circuit and the first storage battery through the first power supply end; when the vehicle enters a normal running state, the third power supply circuit and/or the first storage battery supply power to the vehicle piezoelectric device through the first power supply end, the second power supply end and the third power supply end; when the interior of the power battery is abnormal, the first storage battery supplies power to the piezoelectric device of the vehicle.
2. The vehicle power supply circuit of claim 1, wherein the first power supply circuit comprises:
the input end of the flyback conversion circuit is connected with the output end of the power battery;
the switching circuit, the first end of switching circuit with flyback converting circuit's output is connected, the second end of switching circuit with first power supply end is connected, the third end of switching circuit with the second power supply end is connected.
3. The vehicle power supply circuit of claim 2, wherein the flyback conversion circuit comprises:
the primary coil of the transformer is connected with the output end of the power battery;
the power switch tube is arranged on a loop between the primary coil and the power battery and used for controlling the on-off of the loop;
and the input end of the output circuit is connected with the secondary coil of the transformer, and the output end of the output circuit is connected with the first end of the switching circuit.
4. The vehicle power supply circuit of claim 1, wherein the switching circuit further comprises:
the first switch is arranged between the anode of the first diode and the output end of the flyback conversion circuit;
and the second switch is arranged between the anode of the second diode and the output end of the second power supply circuit.
5. The vehicle power supply circuit of any of claims 1-4, wherein the vehicle power supply circuit further comprises:
the third switch is arranged between the input end of the first power supply circuit and the input end of the second power supply circuit;
and the first switch driving circuit is connected with the first power supply end and used for controlling the on-off of the third switch.
6. The vehicle power supply circuit of any of claims 1-4, wherein the vehicle power supply circuit further comprises:
the fourth switch is arranged between the input end of the first power supply circuit and the input end of the third power supply circuit;
and the second switch driving circuit is connected with the first power supply end and used for controlling the on-off of the fourth switch.
7. The vehicle power supply circuit of any of claims 1-4, wherein the vehicle power supply circuit further comprises:
the output end of the second storage battery is connected with the first power supply end and the second power supply end respectively, and the output power of the second storage battery is larger than that of the second power supply circuit.
8. A vehicle power supply apparatus, characterized in that it comprises the vehicle power supply circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. An automobile comprising the vehicle power supply apparatus according to claim 8.
CN202111180431.7A 2021-10-09 2021-10-09 Vehicle power supply circuit, equipment and car Active CN113922447B (en)

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