CN113922414A - Photovoltaic inverter with reactive compensation function - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
- H02J3/1821—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators
- H02J3/1835—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control
- H02J3/1842—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control wherein at least one reactive element is actively controlled by a bridge converter, e.g. active filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
- H02J2300/26—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin involving maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic sources
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a photovoltaic inverter with a reactive compensation function, which comprises a sampling module, a control module and a power supply module, wherein the sampling module is used for collecting voltage and current information; the DSP control module calculates the instantaneous value and the real-time angle of the voltage according to the voltage and current information acquired by the sampling module, performs maximum power tracking and reactive compensation control, and is connected with the sampling module; the soft start module judges whether to close according to the soft start condition and is connected with the DSP control module; the IGBT control module is used for improving the driving capability of the PWM waveform output by the DSP control module and is connected with the DSP control module; the IGBT is used for photovoltaic inversion power generation and is connected with the IGBT control module; the frequency tracking module is used for acquiring a power grid voltage signal, converting the power grid voltage signal into a square wave signal and connecting the square wave signal with the DSP control module; the inverter disclosed by the invention has the functions of maximum power tracking, island detection and soft start of a conventional inverter, and also has the function of reactive compensation, so that the cost of photovoltaic power generation is effectively reduced, and the efficiency of a power supply system is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a photovoltaic inverter with a reactive compensation function.
Background
In recent years, there has been an unprecedented crise of non-renewable energy sources such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas, and in addition to the reduction of the storage capacity, the released carbon dioxide gas causes global warming, and the influence on the environment is becoming prominent.
Since the 20 th century, with the continuous acceleration of the global pace of economy, the rapid development of industry and economy, the demand for energy has increased dramatically. The petrochemical energy is rich and deficient and the continuous pollution of the environment becomes two important factors restricting the development of the human society, so that countries in the world take the rapid development of new energy as an important energy strategic decision. Among them, solar energy is one of the most promising green energy sources by its advantages of no noise, no pollution, sustainable utilization, etc. Photovoltaic grid-connected power generation is one of the main forms of solar energy utilization, and has been rapidly developed in recent years. The photovoltaic market has also shifted from the original rural areas and islands to photovoltaic power plants and photovoltaic buildings. Therefore, the photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system is deeply researched, and has great strategic significance for solving the energy crisis, reducing the environmental pollution and promoting the economic health development.
Photovoltaic power generation results in clean energy. And the energy source is quite abundant. The photovoltaic power generation apparatus also requires substantially no maintenance. These are advantages not available from other conventional energy sources. Except for building large photovoltaic power plants. The photovoltaic power generation can also solve the power supply problem of special occasions such as remote mountainous areas, islands and the like. The photovoltaic power generation can reduce the generating capacity of conventional energy sources, reduce the using amount of the conventional energy sources and reduce the emission of gases such as carbon dioxide and the like. The safety of future national energy sources is guaranteed, and the sustainable development of the society is promoted. Therefore, the development of photovoltaic power generation has great economic significance, social significance and environmental protection significance. Photovoltaic power generation has the advantages. But in practical use, the method has the significant disadvantages that the cost of photovoltaic power generation is higher than that of conventional energy power generation. After the explosion of the melting crisis in 2008, the price of upstream materials such as polysilicon and the like is greatly reduced. The cost of photovoltaic power generation is greatly reduced. But still 4-8 times the cost of coal and electricity. And secondly, the energy conversion efficiency of photovoltaic power generation is low. The efficiency of photovoltaic power generation is not only related to the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic power generation equipment but also affected by the external environment of the geographical location of the solar intensity. In general, to obtain maximum power output, some auxiliary circuits and control methods must be added, which increases the cost of the system and increases the difficulty of control. In addition, the whole photovoltaic power generation system is complex, and maximum power point tracking is needed when the system normally operates. The total harmonic distortion of the current needs to be reduced to meet the grid-connection requirement. When the power grid fails, a series of complex control such as island detection is required. The control requirement is relatively high. In addition, the photovoltaic array is generally installed on a roof or a desert or other places where engineering technicians are difficult to reach, so that the transportation and installation difficulty is high, and the investment of human and material resources is increased due to the fact that remote monitoring equipment must be used. In addition, in a local distribution network, when photovoltaic outputs a certain amount of power, the active power input to a load by a system becomes smaller, and the load current contains a certain amount of reactive power, so that the power factor of the system side becomes large, and reactive compensation of the system side is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the problem of low system power factor caused by photovoltaic generation in the prior art; provided is a photovoltaic inverter with a reactive power compensation function.
The technical problem of the invention is mainly solved by the following technical scheme: a photovoltaic inverter with a reactive compensation function comprises a sampling module, a control module and a control module, wherein the sampling module is used for collecting voltage and current information; the DSP control module calculates the instantaneous value and the real-time angle of the voltage according to the voltage and current information acquired by the sampling module, performs maximum power tracking and reactive compensation control, and is connected with the sampling module; the soft start module judges whether to close according to the soft start condition and is connected with the DSP control module; the IGBT control module is used for improving the driving capability of the PWM waveform output by the DSP control module and is connected with the DSP control module; the IGBT is used for photovoltaic inversion power generation and is connected with the IGBT control module; and the frequency tracking module is used for acquiring a power grid voltage signal, converting the power grid voltage signal into a square wave signal and connecting the square wave signal with the DSP control module. Signals of the sampling module are input into an inner core of the DSP, the DSP control module is used for calculating various data, the DSP is used for calculating electrolytic capacitor voltage and photovoltaic panel voltage, the soft start module can perform soft start of a direct current part according with conditions, and the direct current part enters grid-connected power generation after the soft start is completed; the IGBT control module outputs a carrier signal through a PWM (pulse-width modulation) port of the DSP, is isolated through HCPL316 and is connected to a gate level of the IGBT through push-pull current to control the on-off of the IGBT; the sampling module collects the voltage of the battery panel and the voltage of the point-capacitance inverter to calculate whether the voltage meets the inversion output active power, if the voltage meets the starting condition, the auxiliary relay connected with the closed soft-start resistor in series closes the soft-start main relay after the voltages of the direct current plate and the battery panel are equal, and simultaneously separates the auxiliary relay; the sampling module collects direct-current voltage and direct-current to calculate the power, and carries out maximum power tracking; the sampling module collects the load current and the voltage of the system to calculate the reactive power of the load by taking the reactive power as a reference, and the inverter outputs opposite reactive power to offset the reactive power of the load by calculation so as to achieve the power factor of the system to be 1; the frequency working part acquires the frequency of the power grid voltage in real time, the inverter needs a real-time phase power grid to output a non-power-frequency current signal, and whether the inverter enters an isolated island or not is judged according to the acquired power grid voltage frequency.
Preferably, the sampling module includes: the system voltage sampling module is used for collecting the voltage of the photovoltaic system; the load current sampling module is used for collecting load current; the internal voltage sampling module is used for collecting the voltage of the point-to-point capacitor of the inverter; the inverter alternating current output sampling module is used for acquiring alternating current output current and voltage of the inverter; the inverter direct current output sampling module is used for acquiring direct current output current and voltage of the inverter; the battery plate voltage sampling module is used for collecting the voltage of the battery plate; the IGBT temperature sampling module is used for collecting temperature information of the IGBT; and the fan current sampling module is used for collecting the current of the fan. And uploading various data samples to the DSP for maximum power tracking control and reactive compensation.
Preferably, the DSP control module includes: the system voltage phase locking module is used for calculating a real-time angle according to the three-phase voltage of the photovoltaic system collected by the sampling module and providing a reference angle for the output voltage of the inverter; the battery board maximum power tracking module is used for keeping the output power of the inverter at the maximum power point for output; the island detection module is used for adding disturbance voltage to carry out island detection when the inverter outputs current according to the square wave signal transmitted by the frequency tracking module; and the reactive compensation module is used for performing reactive compensation on the output of the photovoltaic system. Reactive compensation ensures that the system check end only has active power, and ensures that the line loss of the whole system is reduced to the minimum.
Preferably, the soft start module is a soft start contactor, and the soft start contactor is closed when the photovoltaic system outputs active current or when the voltage of an electrolytic capacitor of the inverter is equal to the voltage of the direct current plate. The connection between the electrolytic capacitor of the inverter and the DC plate is free from inrush current and voltage difference.
Preferably, the IGBT control module includes: the power supply isolation module is used for isolating different power supply voltages; the level conversion module is used for converting the 3.3V level output by the DSP control module into a 5V signal required by the isolation driving module; the isolation driving module is used for isolating strong current and weak current; and the push-pull circuit is used for increasing the driving capability of the PWM signal. The DSP can control the IGBT more quickly and timely.
Preferably, the IGBT driving device further comprises an IGBT driving module, a signal receiving end of the IGBT driving module is connected with the IGBT control module, and a signal output end of the IGBT driving module is connected with the IGBT. The reaction speed of the IGBT under the control of the DSP is improved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the acquisition of multiple voltage signals and current signals is carried out through adopting the module, and the transmission gives DSP control module, makes the inverter generate electricity and has possessed functions such as the maximum power tracking that conventional inverter had, island detection, soft start simultaneously, has still added the great promotion whole power supply system's of function of reactive compensation efficiency simultaneously, effectively reduces photovoltaic power generation's cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a circuit schematic of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating MPPT control according to the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a DSP control module, 2, a frequency tracking module, 3, a sampling module, 4, a soft start module, 5, an IGBT control module, 6 and an IGBT.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further specifically described by the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
Example (b): a photovoltaic inverter with a reactive compensation function is shown in figures 1 and 2 and comprises a sampling module 3, a DSP control module 1, a soft start module 4, an IGBT control module 5 and a frequency tracking module 2. The sampling module collects various data volumes, the collected voltage value of the electrolytic capacitor in the inverter and the voltage value of the battery panel, the soft start contactor is closed when the soft start condition is met, and the main relay on the direct current side is closed after the two voltages are basically equal. And after the photovoltaic cell panel is conducted to the direct current inside the inverter, the alternating current output part is controlled. The sampling module is used for collecting the input current of the direct-current plate voltage direct-current plate to calculate the real-time power of photovoltaic power generation, and the real-time power is used for MPPT calculation. The real-time value of the alternating voltage is collected through the sampling module, and the instantaneous value of the voltage and the instantaneous angle of the voltage are calculated by the DSP. And the MPPT is added to an active shaft of the control loop to control and output active current, namely the basic function of the inverter to be the function of grid-connected power generation. The frequency tracking module tracks the frequency of voltage at any time, and the frequency tracking module adds the jitter of the output voltage to realize island detection when outputting current. And calculating the reactive magnitude Id of the system through the system voltage and the load current sampled by the modulus. Reactive output can be achieved by adding Id to a reactive axis in the output current. And (3) converting the calculation results of the active shaft and the reactive shaft through DQ/ABC to obtain an instantaneous value of the output voltage of the inverter, and calculating the duty ratio of the PWM wave according to the instantaneous value. The on and off times of the IBGT are controlled according to this temporary space ratio. The temporary space ratio of the PWM wave is calculated, the PWM wave is sent out from a PWM port of the DSP, is converted into a 5V level through the level, is sent to an input port of an isolation driving module HCPL316j, and is output to high and low levels of +15V and-8V through an output port of the isolation driving module to drive a gate stage of the IGBT.
The signal output end of the analog-digital sampling module is connected to the signal acquisition end of the DSP control module, the signal receiving end of the IGBT drive module is connected to the drive control end of the DSP control module, and the signal output end of the IGBT drive module is connected to the signal receiving end of the IGBT. The analog-digital sampling module converts the acquired analog quantity into digital quantity and transmits the digital quantity to the DSP control module; the DSP control module reads digital quantity information, calculates the magnitude of reactive current of a power grid, calculates the current opposite to the reactive current of the power grid by adopting a repetitive control series PI algorithm with the magnitude of the reactive current as a reference, transmits a PWM signal to an IGBT drive module, generates a drive signal and transmits the drive signal to an IGBT unit, and the IGBT unit receives the drive signal and inverts to obtain a current waveform for offsetting the reactive current in the power grid, so that the real-time power factor of the power grid reaches 1, and the real-time performance, the power consumption and the compensation current ripple are low.
The analog-digital sampling module comprises a system voltage sampling module, a load current sampling module, a branch current sampling module, an electrolytic capacitor voltage sampling module, a photovoltaic panel voltage sampling module and an IGBT temperature sampling module. The analog-digital sampling module transmits sampling signals to the DSP for various operations through a system voltage sampling module, a load current sampling module, a branch current sampling module, an electrolytic capacitor voltage sampling module, a photovoltaic panel direct current voltage sampling module and an IGBT temperature sampling module, wherein the system voltage sampling signal, the load current sampling signal, the branch current sampling signal, the electrolytic capacitor voltage sampling signal, the photovoltaic panel voltage signal, the photovoltaic panel current signal and the IGBT temperature sampling signal are collected in real time by the analog-digital sampling module.
The IGBT control module comprises an isolation power supply, a level conversion, an isolation driving module and a push-pull circuit, the +15V voltage and the-8V voltage required by the IGBT gate level are output through an isolation transformer, strong and weak current isolation is carried out through the isolation driving module, and the 3.3V level output by the DSP is converted into a 5V signal required by the isolation driving module through the level conversion. And the drive capability of the PWM signal is increased by the push-pull circuit.
The DSP control module comprises system voltage phase locking, maximum power tracking, island detection and reactive power compensation. The system voltage phase lock can calculate the real-time angle of the three-phase system voltage and provide a reference angle for the output voltage of the inverter. The maximum power tracking keeps the output power of the inverter mode at the maximum power point for output, so that the efficiency of the whole system is highest. The island detection can ensure that the photovoltaic part can timely stop generating power under the condition of power failure of the main power grid to protect the system safety. Reactive compensation ensures that the system check end only has active power, and ensures that the line loss of the whole system is reduced to the minimum.
The frequency tracking module converts the input voltage into a square wave signal, inputs the obtained square wave signal into a capture port of the DSP, captures the rising edge and the falling edge of the square wave signal by the capture port, and calculates the voltage period and the frequency by subtracting the time of the first rising edge from the time of the second rising edge. And then, the island detection of the inverter can be realized by only adding disturbance frequency to the output current of the inverter.
The soft start module can connect the voltage of the electrolytic capacitor part of the inverter with the voltage of the photovoltaic cell panel in a zero overcharge mode. Under the condition that the photovoltaic voltage has output active current, the soft start contactor is closed, and the main contactor is closed when the voltage of an electrolytic capacitor of the inverter is equal to the voltage of a direct current plate. The normal operation of the direct current input side can be ensured when the maximum power output of the photovoltaic panel is active.
Fig. 3 is an algorithmic block diagram of the device. The MPPT part tracks the maximum power point of the photovoltaic panel, and the PV voltage value is adjusted through the maximum power point tracking. And calculating the active shaft current value required by the module current obtained by changing the PV voltage value and the actual module active shaft current value to obtain the active shaft voltage value actually output by the user. Ila, Ilb and Ilc are load current values, ABC/DQ conversion is carried out on the load current values to obtain load reactive direct current quantity, and low-pass filtering is carried out on the load reactive direct current quantity to obtain load fundamental wave reactive direct current quantity. Iq is a reactive value output by the inverter, and Iq and the reactive direct current quantity of the load fundamental wave are compared to obtain a reactive axis of a voltage value to be output by adding a voltage feedforward value to a carrier duty ratio through PI operation. And (4) inversely transforming the voltage values of the two active and reactive axes to ABC, and taking the jittered angle into the ABC to judge the island. The value obtained by inverse transformation of the two voltage values is the pwm value of the IGBT.
The invention provides a photovoltaic inverter with a reactive compensation function. The normal inversion power generation of the photovoltaic inverter is realized by collecting the equivalent values of the reactive value of the power grid load, the voltage of the photovoltaic panel and the current of the photovoltaic panel in real time through the DSP, and meanwhile, the function of compensating the reactive power of the load is also realized. Compare traditional photovoltaic inverter can be great improvement join in marriage the efficiency of net, reduce photovoltaic power generation's cost.
The above-described embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and other variations and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth in the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A photovoltaic inverter with reactive compensation function, characterized by comprising:
the sampling module is used for collecting voltage and current information;
the DSP control module calculates the instantaneous value and the real-time angle of the voltage according to the voltage and current information acquired by the sampling module, performs maximum power tracking and reactive compensation control, and is connected with the sampling module;
the soft start module judges whether to close according to the soft start condition and is connected with the DSP control module;
the IGBT control module is used for improving the driving capability of the PWM waveform output by the DSP control module and is connected with the DSP control module;
the IGBT is used for photovoltaic inversion power generation and is connected with the IGBT control module;
and the frequency tracking module is used for acquiring a power grid voltage signal, converting the power grid voltage signal into a square wave signal and connecting the square wave signal with the DSP control module.
2. The photovoltaic inverter with reactive power compensation function according to claim 1,
the sampling module comprises:
the system voltage sampling module is used for collecting the voltage of the photovoltaic system;
the load current sampling module is used for collecting load current;
the internal voltage sampling module is used for collecting the voltage of an electrolytic capacitor of the inverter;
the inverter alternating current output sampling module is used for acquiring alternating current output current and voltage of the inverter;
the inverter direct current output sampling module is used for acquiring direct current output current and voltage of the inverter;
the battery plate voltage sampling module is used for collecting the voltage of the battery plate;
the IGBT temperature sampling module is used for collecting temperature information of the IGBT;
and the fan current sampling module is used for collecting the current of the fan.
3. The photovoltaic inverter with reactive power compensation function according to claim 2,
the DSP control module comprises:
the system voltage phase locking module is used for calculating a real-time angle according to the three-phase voltage of the photovoltaic system collected by the sampling module and providing a reference angle for the output voltage of the inverter;
the battery board maximum power tracking module is used for keeping the output power of the inverter at the maximum power point for output;
the island detection module is used for adding disturbance voltage to carry out island detection when the inverter outputs current according to the square wave signal transmitted by the frequency tracking module;
and the reactive compensation module is used for performing reactive compensation on the output of the photovoltaic system.
4. The photovoltaic inverter with reactive power compensation function according to claim 1,
the soft start module is a soft start contactor, and when the voltage of an electrolytic capacitor of the inverter is equal to the voltage of the direct current plate when the photovoltaic system outputs active current, the soft start contactor is closed.
5. The photovoltaic inverter with reactive power compensation function according to claim 1,
the IGBT control module comprises:
the power supply isolation module is used for isolating different power supply voltages;
the level conversion module is used for converting the 3.3V level output by the DSP control module into a 5V signal required by the isolation driving module;
the isolation driving module is used for isolating strong current and weak current;
and the push-pull circuit is used for increasing the driving capability of the PWM signal.
6. The photovoltaic inverter with reactive power compensation function according to claim 1,
the IGBT driving device comprises an IGBT driving module, a signal receiving end of the IGBT driving module is connected with an IGBT control module, and a signal output end of the IGBT driving module is connected with an IGBT.
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| WO2024051389A1 (en) * | 2022-09-06 | 2024-03-14 | 仁卓智能科技有限公司 | Control method and apparatus for photovoltaic tracking shaft, and photovoltaic tracking system |
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| CN102157959A (en) * | 2011-03-30 | 2011-08-17 | 华南理工大学 | Solar photovoltaic contravariant generating system and operation method thereof |
| CN106058882A (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2016-10-26 | 许昌学院 | Photovoltaic grid-connected inverter with filtering and reactive compensation functions |
| CN106340900A (en) * | 2016-09-26 | 2017-01-18 | 国网上海市电力公司 | Distributed energy grid-connected and reactive power compensation compound control system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2024051389A1 (en) * | 2022-09-06 | 2024-03-14 | 仁卓智能科技有限公司 | Control method and apparatus for photovoltaic tracking shaft, and photovoltaic tracking system |
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