CN113921941B - Power battery pack thermal runaway control system and method - Google Patents
Power battery pack thermal runaway control system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113921941B CN113921941B CN202111063691.6A CN202111063691A CN113921941B CN 113921941 B CN113921941 B CN 113921941B CN 202111063691 A CN202111063691 A CN 202111063691A CN 113921941 B CN113921941 B CN 113921941B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/654—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells located inside the innermost case of the cells, e.g. mandrels, electrodes or electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6561—Gases
- H01M10/6563—Gases with forced flow, e.g. by blowers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
- H01M50/317—Re-sealable arrangements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
- Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a thermal runaway control system and a thermal runaway control method for a power battery pack, which relate to the technical field of power batteries and comprise the following steps: the explosion-proof valve is arranged on the exhaust hole of the battery pack and is provided with a waterproof breathable film; the exhaust fan is arranged in the battery pack and positioned at the exhaust hole; the air pressure sensor is arranged in the battery pack and used for collecting air pressure in the battery pack; the electric control unit is arranged in the battery pack and is used for controlling the explosion-proof valve and the exhaust fan to be simultaneously opened when the air pressure change rate in the battery pack is larger than a first change rate threshold value and controlling the explosion-proof valve and the exhaust fan to be simultaneously closed when the duration time of the air pressure change rate in the battery pack is smaller than a second change rate threshold value is larger than a preset time; the first change rate threshold is larger than the second change rate threshold, and the power battery pack thermal runaway control system and method of the application can increase the exhaust capacity by combining the exhaust fan with the explosion-proof valve, and simultaneously reduce the negative influence of the installation of a plurality of explosion-proof valves on the battery pack structure.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of power batteries, in particular to a power battery pack thermal runaway control system and a method.
Background
At present, the electric automobile has great potential and advantages in energy conservation and emission reduction, and is increasingly valued by people. However, the electrolyte of the battery in the battery pack can generate runaway under the overheat condition, heat generated by the internal electrode of the battery is accumulated in the lithium ion battery to cause rapid temperature rise of the lithium ion battery, so that spontaneous exothermic reactions such as diaphragm shrinkage, melting, decomposition of positive and negative active substances and the like are caused, a great amount of high-temperature lithium, nickel and phosphorus oxide waste gas can be generated in the runaway process, the internal temperature and air pressure of the battery pack are suddenly increased, and the heat is diffused to the periphery of the runaway battery to affect other batteries, or the battery shell is broken by a supporting way to cause explosion.
In the related art, in order to prevent internal thermal runaway cell exhaust and ensure internal and external air pressure balance, a plurality of explosion-proof valves containing waterproof and breathable films are generally loaded in a power battery system, and when the internal thermal runaway of a battery pack occurs, the waterproof and breathable films of the explosion-proof valves are passively punctured to adjust the internal and external air pressures of the battery pack so as to ensure the normal operation of an electric automobile at different altitudes.
However, installing a plurality of explosion-proof valves needs to set up a plurality of explosion-proof valve arrangement positions on the battery package, not only results in battery package structural strength decline, and a plurality of waterproof ventilated membrane inflation needs pressure too big, leads to explosion-proof valve opening pressure too big, can't in time the pressure release when battery Bao Re is out of control. In addition, after each time the waterproof breathable film is punctured, a new waterproof breathable film needs to be replaced, and the cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at one of the defects existing in the prior art, the application aims to provide a thermal runaway control system and a thermal runaway control method for a power battery pack, so as to solve the problems that the structural strength of the battery pack is reduced due to the installation of a plurality of explosion-proof valves in the related art, and the pressure of the battery pack cannot be released in time when the thermal runaway of the battery pack occurs.
A first aspect of the present application provides a power battery pack thermal runaway control system comprising:
the explosion-proof valve is arranged on the exhaust hole of the battery pack, and a waterproof and breathable film is arranged on the explosion-proof valve;
an exhaust fan arranged in the battery pack and positioned at the exhaust hole;
the air pressure sensor is arranged in the battery pack and is used for collecting air pressure in the battery pack;
the electronic control unit is arranged in the battery pack and is used for controlling the explosion-proof valve and the exhaust fan to be simultaneously opened when the air pressure change rate in the battery pack is larger than a first change rate threshold value and controlling the explosion-proof valve and the exhaust fan to be simultaneously closed when the duration time of the air pressure change rate in the battery pack is smaller than a second change rate threshold value is larger than a preset time;
the first rate of change threshold is greater than the second rate of change threshold.
In some embodiments, the electronic control unit is configured to flag the thermal runaway signal to position 1 and flag the valve state to position 1 when the rate of change of the air pressure in the battery pack is greater than a first rate threshold;
when the duration that the air pressure change rate in the battery pack is smaller than the second change rate threshold value is longer than the preset time, the electric control unit is used for marking the thermal runaway signal position 0 and marking the valve state position 0.
In some embodiments, the control system further includes a display screen for displaying a battery Bao Re runaway signal when the thermal runaway signal is flagged at position 1 and the valve status is flagged at position 1.
In some embodiments, the electronic control unit is further configured to control the explosion-proof valve to open when the air pressure change rate in the battery pack is greater than a third change rate threshold and not greater than the first change rate threshold.
In some embodiments, the explosion-proof valve includes:
the valve body is provided with an air vent communicated with the outside of the battery pack;
the valve core cylinder is arranged in the valve body in a telescopic way and is pressed on the ventilation opening when in an extending state, one end of the valve core cylinder facing the ventilation opening is provided with the waterproof ventilation film, and the cylinder wall of the valve core cylinder is also provided with a plurality of through holes;
when the electronic control unit controls the explosion-proof valve to be opened, the valve core cylinder is retracted from the extending state.
In some embodiments, the first rate of change threshold is: the ratio of the gas production rate of the single-cell thermal runaway state to the volume of the cavity in the battery pack.
The second aspect of the application provides a power battery pack thermal runaway control method based on the system, which comprises the following steps:
the electronic control unit acquires the air pressure acquired by the air pressure sensor and calculates the air pressure change rate;
when the air pressure change rate in the battery pack is larger than a first change rate threshold value, the electronic control unit controls the explosion-proof valve and the exhaust fan to be opened simultaneously;
and if the duration that the air pressure change rate in the battery pack is smaller than the second change rate threshold value is longer than the preset time, the electronic control unit controls the explosion-proof valve and the exhaust fan to be closed at the same time.
In some embodiments, the electronic control unit marks the thermal runaway signal position 1 and marks the valve status position 1 when the rate of change of the air pressure in the battery pack is greater than a first rate threshold;
if the duration that the air pressure change rate in the battery pack is smaller than the second change rate threshold is longer than the preset time, the electric control unit marks the thermal runaway signal position 0 and marks the valve state position 0.
In some embodiments, the electronic control unit controls the explosion-proof valve to open when the air pressure change rate in the battery pack is greater than a third change rate threshold and not greater than a first change rate threshold.
In some embodiments, before calculating the air pressure change rate, the method further includes:
acquiring a first change rate threshold value, and presetting a second change rate threshold value;
the first change rate threshold is: the ratio of the gas production rate of the single-cell thermal runaway state to the volume of the cavity in the battery pack.
The technical scheme provided by the application has the beneficial effects that:
according to the power battery pack thermal runaway control system and method, the explosion-proof valve is arranged on the exhaust hole of the battery pack, the waterproof and breathable film is arranged on the explosion-proof valve, the exhaust fan is arranged in the battery pack, the exhaust fan is positioned at the exhaust hole, and the electronic control unit controls the opening and closing of the explosion-proof valve and the exhaust fan based on the air pressure change rate by acquiring the air pressure in the battery pack collected by the air pressure sensor; when the air pressure change rate in the battery pack is larger than a first change rate threshold, the electronic control unit controls the explosion-proof valve and the exhaust fan to be simultaneously opened so as to facilitate the combination of the explosion-proof valve and the exhaust fan, increase the exhaust capacity, realize the timely pressure relief of the battery pack through only one explosion-proof valve, avoid the combustion risk caused by the air flowing back into the battery pack in a thermal runaway scene, and simultaneously reduce the negative influence of the installation of a plurality of explosion-proof valves on the battery pack structure; when the duration that the air pressure change rate in the battery pack is smaller than the second change rate threshold value is longer than the preset time, the end of thermal runaway in the battery pack can be confirmed, and at the moment, the electronic control unit controls the explosion-proof valve and the exhaust fan to be closed at the same time, so that energy consumption is avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a thermal runaway control system for a power cell pack according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an explosion-proof valve according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of a thermal runaway control method for a power battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals:
1. an explosion-proof valve; 10. a waterproof breathable film; 11. a valve body; 12. a valve core barrel; 13. a ventilation port;
2. an exhaust fan; 3. an air pressure sensor; 4. an electric control unit; 5. and a battery pack.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application. In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present application described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
The embodiment of the application provides a thermal runaway control system for a power battery pack, which can solve the problems that the structural strength of the battery pack is reduced due to the installation of a plurality of explosion-proof valves in the related technology, and the pressure of the battery pack cannot be released in time when the thermal runaway of the battery pack occurs.
As shown in fig. 1, the thermal runaway control system for a power battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application includes an explosion-proof valve 1, an exhaust fan 2, an air pressure sensor 3, and an electronic control unit 4.
The explosion-proof valve 1 is installed on an exhaust hole of the battery pack 5, and a waterproof and breathable film 10 is arranged on the explosion-proof valve 1. The explosion-proof valve 1 of the present embodiment is an explosion-proof ventilation valve. The waterproof and breathable film 10 has a function of allowing gas molecules to pass therethrough and isolating water molecules, and has a low breathable rate.
The exhaust fan 2 is disposed in the battery pack 5, and the exhaust fan 2 is located at the exhaust hole.
The air pressure sensor 3 is disposed inside the battery pack 5, and the air pressure sensor 3 is configured to collect air pressure in the battery pack 5 and send the collected air pressure value to the electronic control unit 4.
The electronic control unit 4 is disposed in the battery pack 5, and the electronic control unit 4 is configured to control the explosion-proof valve 1 and the exhaust fan 2 to be simultaneously opened when the air pressure change rate in the battery pack 5 is greater than a first change rate threshold value, and to control the explosion-proof valve 1 and the exhaust fan 2 to be simultaneously closed when the duration of the air pressure change rate in the battery pack 5 is less than a second change rate threshold value is greater than a preset time.
The first rate of change threshold is greater than the second rate of change threshold. The preset time and the second change rate threshold can be set according to different battery packs to represent that the thermal runaway inside the battery packs is finished.
Preferably, the first rate of change threshold is: the ratio of the gas production rate in the single-cell thermal runaway state to the volume of the cavity in the battery pack 5.
In other embodiments, the first rate threshold is set according to different battery packs as the air pressure sudden rise threshold.
According to the thermal runaway control system of the power battery pack, the explosion-proof valve is arranged on the exhaust hole of the battery pack, the waterproof breathable film is arranged on the explosion-proof valve, the exhaust fan is arranged in the battery pack, the exhaust fan is located at the exhaust hole, and the electronic control unit controls the opening and closing of the explosion-proof valve and the exhaust fan based on the air pressure change rate by acquiring air pressure in the battery pack collected by the air pressure sensor; when the air pressure change rate in the battery pack is larger than a first change rate threshold, the electronic control unit controls the explosion-proof valve and the exhaust fan to be simultaneously opened so as to facilitate the combination of the explosion-proof valve and the exhaust fan, increase the exhaust capacity, realize the timely pressure relief of the battery pack through only one explosion-proof valve, avoid the combustion risk caused by the air flowing back into the battery pack in a thermal runaway scene, and simultaneously reduce the negative influence of the installation of a plurality of explosion-proof valves on the battery pack structure; when the duration that the air pressure change rate in the battery pack is smaller than the second change rate threshold value is longer than the preset time, the end of thermal runaway in the battery pack can be confirmed, and at the moment, the electronic control unit controls the explosion-proof valve and the exhaust fan to be closed at the same time, so that energy consumption is avoided.
In the present embodiment, the electronic control unit 4 is configured to flag the thermal runaway signal position 1 and flag the valve state position 1 when the air pressure change rate in the battery pack 5 is greater than the first change rate threshold.
When the duration that the air pressure change rate in the battery pack 5 is smaller than the second change rate threshold is greater than a preset time, the electronic control unit 4 is configured to flag the thermal runaway signal position 0 and flag the valve state position 0.
In this embodiment, wired or wireless data connection exists among the electronic control unit 4, the air pressure sensor 3 and the explosion-proof valve 1.
Further, the control system further includes a display screen for displaying a battery Bao Re runaway signal when the thermal runaway signal is indicated at position 1 and the valve status is indicated at position 1, so that the driver can know the battery pack status.
In this embodiment, the electronic control unit 4 and the air pressure sensor 3 are linked with the whole vehicle, so that the intelligent electric vehicle is more intelligent and accords with the development trend of the electric vehicle.
Preferably, the electronic control unit 4 is further configured to control the explosion-proof valve 1 to be opened independently when the air pressure change rate in the battery pack 5 is greater than the third change rate threshold and not greater than the first change rate threshold. At this time, the exhaust fan 2 is not required to be opened, and the balance of the internal and external air pressures of the battery pack 5 can be satisfied only by opening the explosion-proof valve.
The third change rate threshold is smaller than the first change rate threshold and larger than the second change rate threshold. When the air pressure change rate in the battery pack 5 is greater than the third change rate threshold, it indicates that the air pressure balance between the inside and outside of the battery pack 5 cannot be satisfied by the waterproof and breathable film 10 alone.
As shown in fig. 2, the explosion-proof valve 1 described above may alternatively include a valve body 11 and a spool cylinder 12.
The valve body 11 is provided with an air vent 13 communicated with the outside of the battery pack, and the valve body 11 is also provided with an air vent communicated with the inside of the battery pack. The valve core barrel 12 is telescopically arranged in the valve body 11, and is pressed on the ventilation opening 13 when the valve core barrel 12 is in a stretching state, one end of the valve core barrel 12 facing the ventilation opening 13 is provided with the waterproof ventilation film 10, and the barrel wall of the valve core barrel 12 is also provided with a plurality of through holes.
Optionally, the end surface of the valve core barrel 12 facing the ventilation port 13 is further provided with an annular groove, and an annular sealing ring is arranged in the annular groove, so that when the valve core barrel 12 is in an extending state and is pressed at the ventilation port 13, the valve core barrel is further sealed with the valve body 11 through the annular sealing ring.
When the electronic control unit 4 controls the explosion-proof valve 1 to open, the valve core barrel 12 is retracted from the extended state, at this time, the air vent 13 on the valve body 11 is opened, so that the opening of the explosion-proof valve can be completed, the waterproof air-permeable membrane 10 is not required to be pierced, i.e. the air in the battery pack 5 can directly pass through the air vent of the valve body 11 and then be discharged from the air vent 13 of the valve body 11.
When the electronic control unit 4 controls the explosion-proof valve 1 to be closed, the valve core barrel 12 is restored to the extending state again, and the internal and external air pressure balance of the battery pack 5 is realized through the waterproof breathable film 10, namely, the air in the battery pack 5 can pass through the vent hole of the valve body 11 and the through hole of the barrel wall of the valve core barrel 12 and then be discharged by the waterproof breathable film 10.
As shown in fig. 3, the embodiment of the application further provides a thermal runaway control method for a power battery pack based on the system, which comprises the following steps:
s1, the electronic control unit 4 acquires air pressure acquired by the air pressure sensor 3 and calculates the air pressure change rate.
S2, when the air pressure change rate in the battery pack 5 is larger than a first change rate threshold value, the electronic control unit 4 controls the explosion-proof valve 1 and the exhaust fan 2 to be opened simultaneously.
S3, if the duration that the air pressure change rate in the battery pack 5 is smaller than the second change rate threshold value is longer than the preset time, the electronic control unit 4 controls the explosion-proof valve 1 and the exhaust fan 2 to be closed simultaneously. The preset time is the thermal runaway ending judgment time t.
In the present embodiment, when the air pressure change rate in the battery pack 5 is greater than the first change rate threshold, the electronic control unit 4 marks the thermal runaway signal position 1 and marks the valve state position 1.
If the duration that the air pressure change rate in the battery pack 5 is smaller than the second change rate threshold is longer than the preset time, the electronic control unit 4 marks the thermal runaway signal position 0 and marks the valve state position 0.
In this embodiment, the electronic control unit 4 controls the explosion-proof valve 1 to open when the air pressure change rate in the battery pack 5 is greater than the third change rate threshold and not greater than the first change rate threshold. The third change rate threshold is smaller than the first change rate threshold and larger than the second change rate threshold.
Further, before the calculating of the air pressure change rate, the method further comprises the following steps:
acquiring a first change rate threshold value, and presetting a second change rate threshold value;
in this embodiment, the first rate threshold is related to the gas generation rate v in the thermal runaway state of the single cell and the volume h of the internal cavity of the battery pack. Optionally, the first rate of change threshold is: the ratio of the gas production rate of the single-cell thermal runaway state to the volume of the cavity in the battery pack 5 is v/h.
Specifically, the power battery pack thermal runaway control method specifically comprises the following steps:
first, the electronic control unit 4 acquires the air pressure acquired by the air pressure sensor 3 and calculates the air pressure change rate.
When the battery pack is at normal temperature and normal pressure, the water-proof ventilated membrane 10 of the explosion-proof valve 1 realizes the balance of the air pressure inside and outside the battery pack, at the moment, the explosion-proof valve 1 and the exhaust fan 2 are both in a closed state, and the thermal runaway signal in the electric control unit is marked with the position 0, and the valve state is marked with the position 0.
When the air pressure collected by the air pressure sensor 3 is slightly changed, namely the air pressure change rate is not greater than a third change rate threshold value, air molecules at the side with higher air pressure can diffuse to the side with lower air pressure through the waterproof breathable film 10, namely the air molecules with high pressure in the battery pack are discharged through the waterproof breathable film 10 until the air pressures at two sides of the waterproof breathable film 10 are consistent, the air molecules do not permeate the waterproof breathable film 10, and air pressure adjustment is completed. In this state, the thermal runaway signal flag in the electronic control unit is still 0, and the valve status flag is still 0. Based on the normal operation process of the battery pack, the air pressure change is a slow and stable process, and the automatic adjustment can be realized through the function of the waterproof breathable film 10.
When the air pressure collected by the air pressure sensor 3 changes and the air pressure change rate is larger than the third change rate threshold value and not larger than the first change rate threshold value, the electric control unit 4 marks the valve state at the position 1 and controls the explosion-proof valve 1 to be opened, so that the exhaust speed is increased. After the explosion-proof valve 1 is opened, if the duration that the air pressure change rate in the battery pack 5 is smaller than the second change rate threshold value is longer than a preset time, the electronic control unit 4 controls the explosion-proof valve 1 to be closed and marks the valve state at the position 0; if the air pressure change rate in the battery pack 5 is continuously increased and is greater than the first change rate threshold, the electronic control unit 4 controls the exhaust fan 2 to be turned on, and the thermal runaway signal flag is still set at 1 to increase the exhaust.
When the internal thermal runaway of the battery pack occurs, the air pressure rises suddenly, namely, the air pressure change rate is larger than the first change rate threshold value, the electric control unit 4 marks the position 1 of the thermal runaway signal and the position 1 of the valve state mark, and the explosion-proof valve 1 and the exhaust fan 2 are controlled to be opened simultaneously, so that high-temperature gas generated in the battery pack is continuously pumped out.
If the air pressure change rate calculated by the electric control unit is smaller than the second change rate threshold value and the duration time that the air pressure change rate in the battery pack 5 is smaller than the second change rate threshold value is longer than the preset time, the thermal runaway in the battery pack is considered to be ended, the explosion-proof valve 1 and the exhaust fan 2 are controlled to be closed at the same time, the thermal runaway signal flag bit is set to 0 from 1, and the valve state flag bit is set to 0 from 1.
In this embodiment, the air pressure change rate is: current air pressure P 1 With the last time the air pressure P 0 The difference P between the pressure P and the previous time 0 Is the absolute value of the ratio of (c).
In the embodiment, the exhaust capacity can reach 500L/min by combining the explosion-proof valve 1 with the exhaust fan 2, and is more than 20 times of the ventilation capacity of the existing explosion-proof valve with the same area in the opening state.
The power battery pack thermal runaway control method is suitable for the power battery pack thermal runaway control systems, and can actively control internal air pressure of the battery pack under normal pressure, positive and negative pressure and thermal runaway scenes by combining the exhaust fan with the explosion-proof valve, and meanwhile, the installation quantity of the explosion-proof valve can be reduced, so that the influence on the structural strength of the battery pack is reduced.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the azimuth or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", etc. are based on the azimuth or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and are not indicative or implying that the apparatus or element in question must have a specific azimuth, be constructed and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application. Unless specifically stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "coupled" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
It should be noted that in the present application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises an element.
The foregoing is merely exemplary of embodiments of the present application to enable those skilled in the art to understand or practice the application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (9)
1. A power cell pack thermal runaway control system, comprising:
the explosion-proof valve (1) is arranged on an exhaust hole of the battery pack (5), and a waterproof and breathable film (10) is arranged on the explosion-proof valve (1);
an exhaust fan (2) which is arranged in the battery pack (5) and is positioned at the exhaust hole;
the air pressure sensor (3) is arranged in the battery pack (5) and is used for collecting air pressure in the battery pack (5);
an electric control unit (4) arranged in the battery pack (5) and used for controlling the explosion-proof valve (1) and the exhaust fan (2) to be simultaneously opened when the air pressure change rate in the battery pack (5) is larger than a first change rate threshold value and controlling the explosion-proof valve (1) and the exhaust fan (2) to be simultaneously closed when the duration time that the air pressure change rate in the battery pack (5) is smaller than a second change rate threshold value is larger than a preset time;
the first rate of change threshold is greater than the second rate of change threshold;
the explosion-proof valve (1) includes:
a valve body (11) provided with an air vent (13) communicated with the outside of the battery pack; the valve body (11) is also provided with a vent hole communicated with the inside of the battery pack;
the valve core cylinder (12) is arranged in the valve body (11) in a telescopic mode and is pressed on the ventilation opening (13) when in an extending state, one end, facing the ventilation opening (13), of the valve core cylinder (12) is provided with the waterproof ventilation membrane (10), and the cylinder wall of the valve core cylinder is also provided with a plurality of through holes;
when the electronic control unit (4) controls the explosion-proof valve (1) to be opened, the valve core barrel (12) is retracted from the extending state, the ventilation opening (13) is opened, and the gas in the battery pack (5) passes through the ventilation opening and is discharged from the ventilation opening (13);
when the explosion-proof valve (1) is closed, the valve core cylinder (12) is restored to an extended state, and gas in the battery pack (5) passes through the vent and the through hole of the cylinder wall of the valve core cylinder (12) and is discharged by the waterproof breathable film (10).
2. The power cell pack thermal runaway control system of claim 1, wherein: the electronic control unit (4) is used for marking the thermal runaway signal position 1 and marking the valve state position 1 when the air pressure change rate in the battery pack (5) is larger than a first change rate threshold value;
the electronic control unit (4) is configured to flag a thermal runaway signal position 0 and flag a valve state position 0 when a duration of a rate of change of air pressure within the battery pack (5) less than a second rate of change threshold is greater than a preset time.
3. The power cell pack thermal runaway control system of claim 2, wherein: the control system also includes a display screen for displaying a battery Bao Re runaway signal when the thermal runaway signal indicates position 1 and the valve status indicates position 1.
4. The power cell pack thermal runaway control system of claim 1, wherein: the electronic control unit (4) is further used for controlling the explosion-proof valve (1) to be opened when the air pressure change rate in the battery pack (5) is larger than a third change rate threshold value and not larger than a first change rate threshold value.
5. The power cell pack thermal runaway control system of claim 1, wherein the first rate of change threshold is: the ratio of the gas production rate of the single-cell thermal runaway state to the volume of the cavity in the battery pack (5).
6. A method of thermal runaway control of a power cell pack based on the system of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
the electronic control unit (4) acquires the air pressure acquired by the air pressure sensor (3) and calculates the air pressure change rate;
when the air pressure change rate in the battery pack (5) is larger than a first change rate threshold value, the electronic control unit (4) controls the explosion-proof valve (1) and the exhaust fan (2) to be opened simultaneously;
and if the duration that the air pressure change rate in the battery pack (5) is smaller than the second change rate threshold value is longer than the preset time, the electronic control unit (4) controls the explosion-proof valve (1) and the exhaust fan (2) to be closed at the same time.
7. The power cell pack thermal runaway control method of claim 6, wherein: when the air pressure change rate in the battery pack (5) is larger than a first change rate threshold value, the electric control unit (4) marks the thermal runaway signal position 1 and marks the valve state position 1;
if the duration that the air pressure change rate in the battery pack (5) is smaller than the second change rate threshold value is longer than the preset time, the electric control unit (4) marks the thermal runaway signal position 0 and marks the valve state position 0.
8. The power cell pack thermal runaway control method of claim 7, wherein: when the air pressure change rate in the battery pack (5) is larger than a third change rate threshold value and not larger than a first change rate threshold value, the electronic control unit (4) controls the explosion-proof valve (1) to be opened.
9. The power cell pack thermal runaway control method of claim 6, further comprising, prior to said calculating the rate of change of air pressure:
acquiring a first change rate threshold value, and presetting a second change rate threshold value;
the first rate of change threshold is: the ratio of the gas production rate of the single-cell thermal runaway state to the volume of the cavity in the battery pack (5).
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