CN113917539A - Volcanic coverage area seismic data prestack gather processing method, system and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method, a system and a device for processing seismic data prestack gathers in volcanic coverage areas, wherein the processing method comprises the following steps: acquiring high-density and long-range seismic original data of a volcanic coverage area; carrying out field static correction processing to obtain volcanic rock coverage area seismic data after field static correction; removing noise interference in the volcanic rock coverage area seismic data after field static correction to obtain denoised volcanic rock coverage area seismic data; performing deconvolution to obtain deconvoluted volcanic rock coverage area seismic data; and performing multiple iterations of anisotropic dynamic correction and residual static correction to obtain volcanic covered area pre-stack gather seismic data which can be finally used for pre-stack migration imaging. The invention carries out targeted processing on the seismic exploration data of high density and long arrangement acquired in the volcanic coverage area, fully excavates the advantages of acquiring the original data and improves the seismic detection effect of the volcanic coverage area to the maximum extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seismic data processing in oil and gas exploration, in particular to a method, a system and a device for processing seismic data pre-stack gathers in a volcanic coverage area.
Background
The near-surface of the volcanic coverage area is covered by large-area volcanic rocks, volcanic rock layers and rock masses are irregularly distributed and shaped, the near-surface lithology changes violently, the heterogeneity is strong, the surface layer weathering desertification is serious, the water content is poor, and the earthquake excitation receiving condition is poor. The existence of superficial volcanic rocks not only generates strong-energy seismic interference waves, but also shields effective underground information, and the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data is low, thereby seriously restricting the seismic exploration effect.
The two-dimensional seismic exploration implemented in the volcanic coverage area applies a high-density and long-array seismic acquisition technology, deep reflection energy and frequency width are increased, and effective signals of large offset are recorded, but due to complex seismic geological conditions, seismic wave fields and interference types of original data are more complex than those of the previously acquired data, effective information is still relatively weak, and the problems faced by the seismic data processing technology are increased, and mainly represented in the following two aspects: firstly, complex interference waves existing in high-density original data are difficult to be fully suppressed by using the original denoising thought and technical process, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the result data is low; and secondly, the consistency of the far, middle and near offset data wavelets of long-range data is poor, and meanwhile, the common midpoint gather homophase axis is difficult to correct and flatten at the far offset part and can not be superposed with the same image, so that the underground geological information is fuzzy.
The original seismic processing technology is not suitable for newly acquired seismic data, and the seismic exploration effect of a volcanic coverage area is limited. In order to meet the requirements of high-density and long-array seismic data processing and improve the imaging precision of the underground target geologic body in the volcanic coverage area, a new processing idea and a new technical process need to be invented. The advantages of newly acquired data are fully excavated, adverse factors are eliminated, and therefore the purposes of improving the advantages and avoiding the disadvantages are achieved, and the seismic detection effect of the volcanic coverage area is improved to the maximum extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a volcanic rock coverage area seismic data prestack gather processing method, a volcanic rock coverage area seismic data prestack gather processing system and a volcanic rock coverage area seismic data prestack gather processing device, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art, carrying out targeted processing on 'high-density and long-array' seismic exploration data of a volcanic rock coverage area, fully mining the advantages of acquired data, and eliminating adverse factors, thereby achieving the purposes of making best of the advantages and avoiding the disadvantages and improving the seismic detection effect of the volcanic rock coverage area to the greatest extent.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides a volcanic rock coverage area seismic data prestack gather processing method, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring volcanic rock coverage area seismic original data, wherein the seismic original data are high-density and long-range seismic data;
performing field static correction processing based on the volcanic rock coverage area seismic original data to obtain volcanic rock coverage area seismic data after field static correction;
removing noise interference in the volcanic rock coverage area seismic data after the field static correction to obtain denoised volcanic rock coverage area seismic data;
performing deconvolution on the basis of the denoised volcanic coverage area seismic data to obtain deconvoluted volcanic coverage area seismic data;
and performing multiple iterative anisotropic dynamic correction and residual static correction based on the deconvoluted volcanic coverage area seismic data to obtain volcanic coverage area pre-stack gather seismic data which can be finally used for pre-stack migration imaging.
Optionally, the field static correction processing on the volcanic rock coverage area seismic raw data includes the following steps:
picking up refracted wave information of the volcanic coverage area seismic original data;
and calculating a static correction value through refraction chromatography based on the refracted wave information to obtain the volcanic coverage area seismic data after the field static correction.
Optionally, the removing noise interference in the volcanic rock coverage area seismic data after the field static correction comprises:
extracting the interference type and the interference energy in the volcanic rock coverage area seismic data after the field static correction;
and based on the interference type and the interference energy, different domains of the volcanic rock coverage area seismic data after the field static correction are transformed, signal-noise separation is carried out, and the noise of the volcanic rock coverage area seismic data after the field static correction is suppressed.
Optionally, the interference type includes: strong energy surface wave interference, shallow linear multiple reflection refraction interference, multiple waves, volcanic scattering interference, cluster-shaped strong energy interference and industrial current interference.
Optionally, suppressing noise of the field statically corrected volcanic rock coverage area seismic data comprises:
judging the type of the noise, wherein the type comprises industrial current interference, volcanic scattering interference, cluster strong energy interference, strong energy surface wave interference, shallow layer linear multiple reflection refraction interference and multiple waves;
different methods are used to suppress different types of said noise.
Optionally, obtaining deconvoluted volcanic footprint seismic data comprises:
extracting wavelets of different frequency bands in the denoised volcanic rock coverage area seismic data;
based on the wavelets of the different frequency bands, the wave group characteristics of the wavelets of the different frequency bands are clarified by enhancing the transverse consistency of the wavelets through factor weighting, and the deconvoluted volcanic rock coverage area seismic data are obtained.
Optionally, the anisotropic dynamic correction includes velocity analysis and dynamic leveling of the homodyne axis of the near, middle and far shot distances of the gather, and the velocity analysis and the dynamic leveling adopt an anisotropic non-hyperbolic time-distance equation.
The volcanic rock coverage area seismic data prestack gather processing system comprises a data acquisition unit, a data storage unit, a field static correction unit, a denoising unit, a deconvolution processing unit, an anisotropic dynamic correction and residual static correction iteration unit and a display unit;
the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring seismic original data of a volcanic coverage area;
the data storage unit is used for storing the volcanic coverage area seismic original data and the processed gather data;
the field static correction unit is used for carrying out field static correction on the volcanic coverage area seismic original data;
the denoising unit is used for removing the seismic data noise of the volcanic rock coverage area after the field static correction;
the deconvolution processing unit is used for performing deconvolution on the denoised seismic data noise of the volcanic coverage area;
the anisotropic dynamic correction and residual static correction iteration unit is used for performing anisotropic dynamic correction and residual static correction iteration on the deconvolution result of the seismic data of the volcanic rock coverage area;
the display unit is used for displaying the result of the processing process of the seismic data pre-stack gather in the volcanic coverage area;
the data acquisition unit, the field static correction unit, the denoising unit, the deconvolution processing unit, the anisotropic dynamic correction and residual static correction iteration unit and the data storage unit are sequentially connected, and the data storage unit is electrically connected with the display unit.
Optionally, the display unit adopts the same-screen split display.
Still provide volcanic rock coverage area seismic data prestack gather processing apparatus, volcanic rock coverage area seismic data prestack gather processing apparatus is used for operation volcanic rock coverage area seismic data prestack gather processing system, its characterized in that: the method comprises a data processing module and a display module, wherein the data processing module is used for obtaining final volcanic rock coverage area seismic pre-stack gather data, and the display module is used for displaying the final volcanic rock coverage area seismic pre-stack gather data.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention provides a volcanic coverage area seismic data prestack gather processing method, a system and a device, which are used for carrying out high-precision field static correction, fidelity denoising under the condition of low signal-to-noise ratio and under-constraint, surface consistency deconvolution and wide-angle reflection anisotropic processing on seismic data acquired by a high-density and long array in a volcanic coverage area, fully mining the advantages of original data and eliminating adverse factors, thereby achieving the purposes of improving the advantages and avoiding the disadvantages and obviously improving the seismic detection effect of the volcanic coverage area.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a volcanic rock coverage area seismic data prestack gather processing method in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of single shot first arrival seismic data acquired at high density in a volcanic rock coverage area in an implementation of the present invention, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of an original single shot first arrival, and (b) is a schematic diagram of a single shot first arrival after field static correction;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the effect of a seismic gather before and after pressing of a strong energy interference wave in a volcanic rock coverage area in the embodiment of the invention, wherein a diagram (a) is before pressing of the strong energy interference wave, and a diagram (b) is after pressing of the strong energy interference wave. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of shot statistics autocorrelation before and after deconvolution of volcanic footprint seismic data in an implementation of the present invention, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of pre-deconvolution autocorrelation and (b) is a schematic diagram of conventional surface consistent deconvolution autocorrelation; FIG. (c) is a schematic diagram of a spectrally constrained surface-consistent deconvolution autocorrelation;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a volcanic rock coverage area long-range common-midpoint gather in the practice of the present invention, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of conventional dynamic correction in the past, and (b) is a schematic diagram of anisotropic dynamic correction to flatten the in-phase axis of the distance between the medium and far shots;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a seismic stack section before and after anisotropic processing of volcanic coverage area seismic data in the implementation of the present invention, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of a seismic stack section after conventional dynamic correction in the past, and (b) is a schematic diagram of a seismic stack section after anisotropic dynamic correction flattens the in-phase axis of the distance between the middle and far shots, and the imaging of the part indicated by the oval circle is greatly improved;
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of two comparison results obtained from different processing techniques for the same raw data according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of seismic data wavelets and amplitudes of volcanic covered areas in an embodiment of the present invention, where (a) is a diagram of originally excited seismic wavelets and amplitudes, (b) is a diagram of weakened main lobes, obvious side lobes and attenuated amplitudes of seismic wavelets after being shielded by volcanic, and (c) is a diagram of sharp restoration, suppressed side lobes and amplitude compensation of seismic wavelets after being subjected to targeted processing;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a pre-stack gather processing system for seismic data of volcanic rock coverage areas in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
The invention provides a volcanic coverage area seismic data prestack gather processing method, which is characterized in that a volcanic coverage area of a Songliao basin is selected as a data acquisition object in the embodiment, the late ancient strata in the west of the Songliao basin are buried shallow and have large thickness, but the near surface of the area is covered by large-area volcanic, volcanic strata and rock masses are distributed irregularly and have irregular shapes, the near surface lithology changes violently and has strong heterogeneity, the surface layer weathers and desertification seriously, the water content is poor, and the receiving condition of seismic excitation is poor. The existence of superficial volcanic rocks not only generates strong-energy seismic interference waves, but also shields effective underground information, and the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data is low, thereby seriously restricting the seismic exploration effect. Compared with the generative depression stratum in the Songliaopelvic region, the late ancient stratum undergoes excessive complex tectonic movement, the stratum is broken, the transverse continuity is poor, the stratum dip angle is steep, a large amount of igneous rocks are developed, and the underground seismic wave field is extremely complex. Meanwhile, sedimentary stratum lithology is mainly sand shale, shallow metamorphic slate or phyllite and the like, the difference of seismic reflection coefficients of all sedimentary stratum sequences is small, the inter-stratum wave impedance interface is not obvious, the seismic reflection effective signal is weak, and the effective wave imaging is difficult under the background of strong interference. Referring to fig. 1, the method for processing seismic exploration data of a volcanic rock coverage area of a Songliao basin comprises the following steps:
s101, collecting seismic original data of a volcanic coverage area.
In the embodiment, the two-dimensional seismic exploration implemented in the volcanic rock coverage area of the Songliao basin applies a high-density and long-array seismic acquisition technology, the distance between receiving channels is 10-20 meters, the array length is larger than 7200 meters, and the acquired data has the characteristics of higher channel density and longer array compared with the data acquired in the area in the past. The newly acquired data increases deep reflection energy, improves the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data, and increases the information of the offset. The new acquisition scheme improves the overall data quality and brings new challenges to subsequent seismic data processing, which mainly appear in the following two aspects: firstly, high-density original data are fully sampled in space, the original interference waves which are linear in the past are influenced by the static correction problem, the linear characteristics are deteriorated, the original linear denoising method is difficult to adapt from the original single shot to the original single shot as shown in fig. 2(a), and the surface waves and the shallow linear multiple refraction and other strong energy interference waves are difficult to compress; secondly, the consistency of far, middle and near offset data wavelets of long-range data is poor, meanwhile, the common midpoint gather homophase axis is difficult to be corrected and leveled in the far offset part, as shown in fig. 4(a), the main lobe of the original data shot statistics autocorrelation wavelet is unstable transversely, the wavelet sidelobe is heavier, and reflects that transverse wavelets are inconsistent, as shown in fig. 5(a), the far offset of the homophase axis after the conventional dynamic correction of the long-range gather cannot be leveled, so that homography superposition cannot be obtained, and the underground geological information on the section of the seismic processing result is blurred.
S102, carrying out field static correction processing on the volcanic rock coverage area seismic original data to obtain the volcanic rock coverage area seismic data after the field static correction.
In the past processing, the field static correction can be carried out at any stage before the residual static correction, the field static correction in the embodiment needs to be carried out before the compression of the regular interference wave, and besides the problem of solving the large static correction problem by utilizing the field static correction, the other main purpose is to enable the linear interference to be more regular and improve the denoising effect. The volcanic rock coverage area seismic original data in the embodiment are acquired in a high-density mode, so that the space sampling interval of the original seismic data is small, attribute information is rich, and the requirements of transverse resolution, highest aliasing-free frequency, an offset homing algorithm and the like are met. The high-density data not only fully samples the earthquake effective signals without space spurious, but also carries out fidelity sampling on regular interference such as surface waves, shallow refraction and the like, and does not pollute the effective signals. Meanwhile, the first arrival jitter phenomenon caused by the static correction problem displayed on the single shot first arrival in the original data is more obvious, the interference wave is really fine and smooth to be drawn as shown in figure 2(a), for a complex area with large difference of near-surface conditions like a volcanic coverage area, the shallow velocity transverse and longitudinal changes caused by irregularly distributed volcanic rocks are severe, the refraction chromatography method does not depend on clear model parameters, and the propagation time conversion comprises two main steps of estimation during visual velocity and delay and calculation of the propagation depth. Calculation of field static correction by refraction tomography can be accomplished by most commercial software. In this embodiment, the refraction chromatography static correction is used for field static correction: using small refraction or micro-logging data to forward build an initial near-surface model, using ray tracing to calculate the first-arrival time of the model, comparing the calculated first-arrival time with the actual first-arrival time, using the difference between the two to calculate the corrected value of the initial model, after the model is corrected, using ray tracing to calculate the difference between the first-arrival time and the actual first-arrival time of the model again, calculating a static correction value according to the inverted model after multiple iterations until the difference between the two meets the precision requirement, namely, is smaller than a certain threshold value, and obtaining the volcanic coverage area seismic data after the field static correction. And (4) obtaining the seismic data of the volcanic covered area after the field static correction by performing refraction chromatography static correction. As shown in fig. 2, after the field static correction is applied (fig. 2b), the first arrival jitter phenomenon of the data is improved and becomes flatter than that before the field static correction (fig. 2a), so that the linear interference in the whole single shot becomes more regular, and on the basis, a series of regular interference suppression methods are applied to obtain a better denoising effect, thereby greatly improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data.
S103, denoising the volcanic rock coverage area seismic data after the field static correction is carried out, and the denoised volcanic rock coverage area seismic data are obtained.
The regular interference linear characteristics of the volcanic rock coverage area seismic data subjected to high-precision field static correction, such as surface waves, shallow multiple refractions and the like, are enhanced, the suppression effect of regular interference waves is improved, and the advantages of the seismic data subjected to high-density sampling are effectively exerted. In this embodiment, the interference type and the interference energy in the corrected seismic data of the volcanic rock coverage area are extracted, the basis of signal-noise separation is found to the greatest extent through the transformation of different domains of the data, and a proper processing module is adopted to perform targeted noise suppression, that is, targeted denoising is performed according to different types of interference, as shown in table 1, table 1 is a strategy and a processing method for two-dimensional seismic fidelity denoising in the volcanic rock coverage area.
TABLE 1
In the embodiment, the denoising process follows the principles of strong first, weak second, easy first, difficult second, multi-step by sub-domain and signal protection, and firstly suppresses the interference with strong energy and easy recognition; based on the phenomenon that interference and signals are easy to distinguish after being converted into different data domains, for the interference which is difficult to remove, on the premise of not damaging effective signals, a progressive pressing mode is adopted, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the data is gradually improved.
The specific process is as follows: firstly, for industrial current interference with single frequency, a data domain and a data set do not need to be transformed, amplitude detection is carried out on each seismic data in shot set recording, and when the amplitude exceeds a threshold value, single-frequency noise with strong energy is suppressed in a single-frequency notch mode. The characteristic of the most original data center based on the single-frequency noise is simple and easy to suppress, and the characteristic of the single-frequency noise is prevented from being damaged by a subsequent processing module;
secondly, for volcanic scattering interference and clustered strong energy interference which are irregularly distributed, firstly grouping data into a plurality of channels, dividing each group into a plurality of frequency bands, identifying strong energy abnormity on the data according to the group and the frequency bands, replacing abnormal amplitude on single channel data with interference, comparing the pressing effects of different groups and frequency division schemes, selecting an optimal parameter combination, and performing multi-channel identification and single channel subtraction in a certain time window through frequency division and domain division so as to realize the effect of pressing irregular strong energy interference;
for strong energy surface wave interference with certain rules of speed and amplitude, measuring the apparent speed range of the surface wave on shot gather data, establishing a surface wave model according to the measured parameters, and subtracting the surface wave model from input data by using a self-adaptive subtraction method;
for shallow linear multiple reflection refraction interference, firstly, a shot gather, a common-detection-point gather and a common-center-point gather (a common-reflection-point gather) in a time-space domain (T-X domain) are gradually suppressed according to the visual speed range of the interference. After the process, the data are converted into a linear radon domain, and the data are converted back to a time-space domain after signal-noise separation is carried out according to the difference between the linear interference and the effective reflected wave in a hyperbolic form in the linear radon domain, so that interference suppression is realized. And for the still remained shallow linear multiple reflection refraction interference, converting the data into a frequency wave number domain (F-K domain), carrying out signal-noise separation according to the difference of the characteristics of the interference and the effective wave, and converting the data back into a time-space domain to realize a further interference suppression effect.
After the interference suppression, a relatively accurate primary wave speed parameter is obtained, and the primary wave and the multiple are suppressed after being separated by adopting a high-precision Radon transform mode as a constraint, so that the purpose of removing the multiple interference is realized. And obtaining denoised volcanic rock coverage area seismic data through a denoising process. As shown in fig. 3, the seismic gather data effect before (a) and after (b) pressing strong energy interference waves in the volcanic coverage area is achieved, the event axes on the gather are shown after denoising of the seismic data in the volcanic coverage area, and the overall signal-to-noise ratio of the gather data is remarkably improved.
S104, performing spectrum constrained earth surface consistency deconvolution on the denoised volcanic coverage area seismic data to obtain the deconvoluted volcanic coverage area seismic data.
And extracting wavelets of different frequency bands in the denoised volcanic rock coverage area seismic data, enhancing the transverse consistency of the wavelets through factor weighting according to the wavelets of the different frequency bands, and clearing the wave group characteristics of the wavelets of the different frequency bands to obtain the deconvoluted volcanic rock coverage area seismic data. Spectrum constrained earth surface consistency deconvolution does not raise noise energy and bandwidth but only expands the frequency bandwidth of effective signals; the precondition assumption that deconvolution requires white input seismic data is broken through, and the influence of interference waves in the data on a deconvolution operator is reduced by solving a more spectral constraint L1/L2 norm equation; the assumption that the input data wavelet must be stable and the data amplitude requirement is balanced is broken. As shown in FIG. 4, the wavelets before deconvolution have poor lateral consistency, a wider main lobe and prominent side lobes, the conventional earth surface consistency deconvolution is adopted to achieve certain improvement, the effect is more obvious after the earth surface consistency deconvolution is constrained by a spectrum, the wavelet main lobe is compressed, the side lobes are suppressed, the lateral consistency is improved, and the seismic data resolution ratio is improved.
And S105, performing anisotropic dynamic correction and residual static correction iterative processing on the deconvoluted volcanic coverage area seismic data to obtain final volcanic coverage area seismic pre-stack gather data.
The target layer under the volcanic coverage area is shielded, the wide-angle reflection seismic information from the seismic record far-path supercritical angle can be received by adopting large-geophone offset acquisition, the information is beyond the direct wave, the reflection record amplitude energy is strong, the information is not influenced by interference waves such as surface waves and the like, the frequency is low, and the transmission to a deeper position is facilitated. In this embodiment, when anisotropic dynamic correction is performed on seismic data of a backfold volcanic rock coverage area, an anisotropic non-hyperbolic time distance equation is used for speed analysis and dynamic correction leveling of the data, as shown in formula (1):
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
t is the time of the reflected wave travel, t0For two-way travel, x is offset, V is root-mean-square velocity of stratum, eta is anisotropic parameter, and non-hyperbolic dynamic correction value, VhIn order to be the horizontal velocity,
the first two terms on the right side of the formula (1) are hyperbolic motion corrections, and the last term is a non-hyperbolic part. When the parameter η is 0, the equation is hyperbolic, so the common hyperbolic time-distance equation is a simplification of the anisotropic time-distance equation. In the process of analyzing the prestack time migration velocity, multi-information constraint is mainly adopted, iterative velocity modeling is carried out in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, except for obtaining a normal root-mean-square velocity field, an anisotropic velocity field is required to be established, a velocity field quality monitoring point is required to ensure that anisotropic parameter points can control the variation trend and details of each velocity field in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and control points are required to be properly encrypted at the parts with severe variation. Fig. 5 shows the situation of leveling of the gather before (a) and after (b) anisotropic dynamic correction, and the problem of stretching of the far-end wide-angle reflection dynamic correction can be solved by an anisotropic dynamic correction formula, so that the near-end and the far-end of the gather at the common reflection point are both substantially leveled, the conventional cutting of the far-end stretching is reduced, and the accurate imaging of the deep target geologic body under the volcanic rock cover layer can be improved by using the information of the far-end and wide-angle reflection, as shown in fig. 6, the wide-angle reflection stacking section (b) by anisotropic dynamic correction is obviously improved compared with the conventional dynamic correction stacking section (a) imaging.
The two-dimensional data acquired by high-density and long-range arrangement of the volcanic rock coverage area in the western part of the Songliaopelvic region are compared and processed. As shown in fig. 7, two comparative cross sections are obtained by different processing technical flows of the same original data, the left side of fig. 7 is the conventional processing technical flow, the cross section reflects the sedimentary formation of the chalk system at 500ms with a shallow horizontal reflection in-phase axis, and no obvious effective reflection information is seen on the cross section below the chalk system, so that the chalk system cannot be used for subsequent explanation; the right side of the figure 7 is the result obtained by applying the new processing technical process, the new section has clearer reflection in-phase axis of the stratum below 500ms, a set of oblique reflection in-phase axis information is carved, the transverse change of the in-phase axis wave group characteristics can be clearly reflected, the transverse dip angle and the inclination change greatly, the reflection characteristics and the structural style which are completely different from the stratum of the overlying chalk system can be distinguished, the newly processed section improves the seismic reflection imaging effect of the stratum of the ancient country, the reflection characteristics are highlighted, the old section is greatly improved, and the follow-up explanation and the structural style identification are easy to carry out.
The effect obtained by applying the processing technical process of the invention can be more intuitively felt through the wavelet change schematic diagram, fig. 8(a) is the originally excited seismic wavelet and the amplitude, after the excited seismic wavelet is shielded by volcanic rocks, as shown in fig. 8(b), the main lobe of the seismic wavelet is weakened, the side lobe is obvious, and the amplitude is attenuated, and fig. 8(c) is that after the processing of the technical process of the invention, the seismic wavelet is recovered to be sharp, the side lobe is suppressed, and the amplitude is compensated, so that the influence of the shallow surface of the volcanic rocks on seismic data in an exploration area is eliminated to a certain extent, and the exploration precision and the exploration effect are improved.
The embodiment also provides a volcanic rock coverage area seismic data processing system, which comprises a data acquisition unit, a data storage unit, a static correction unit, a denoising unit, a deconvolution processing unit, an anisotropic dynamic correction unit and a display unit, wherein the data acquisition unit, the data storage unit, the static correction unit, the denoising unit, the deconvolution processing unit and the anisotropic dynamic correction unit are included in the system, and the display unit are included in the system, referring to fig. 9;
the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring seismic original data of a volcanic coverage area;
the data storage unit is used for storing the volcanic rock coverage area seismic original data and the processed data;
the field static correction unit is used for carrying out field static correction on the volcanic coverage area seismic original data;
the denoising unit is used for removing the seismic data noise of the volcanic rock coverage area after static correction;
the deconvolution processing unit is used for performing deconvolution on the denoised seismic data noise of the volcanic coverage area;
the anisotropic dynamic correction and residual static correction iteration unit is used for performing anisotropic dynamic correction on the deconvolution result of the seismic data of the volcanic rock coverage area;
the display unit is used for displaying the pre-stack gather processing result of the seismic data of the volcanic coverage area;
the data acquisition unit, the field static correction unit, the denoising unit, the deconvolution processing unit, the anisotropic dynamic correction and residual static correction iteration unit and the data storage unit are sequentially connected, and the data storage unit is electrically connected with the display unit.
According to the further optimization scheme, the display unit adopts the same-screen block display, and the process of processing the seismic data prestack gather in the volcanic rock coverage area can be seen on the same display device.
The embodiment also provides a volcanic rock coverage area seismic data pre-stack gather processing device, the processing device operates the volcanic rock coverage area seismic data pre-stack gather processing system, and the processing device comprises a data processing module and a display module, the data processing module is used for obtaining final volcanic rock coverage area seismic pre-stack gather data, and the display module is used for displaying the final volcanic rock coverage area seismic pre-stack gather data.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The method for processing the seismic data prestack gather in the volcanic coverage area is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring volcanic rock coverage area seismic original data, wherein the seismic original data are high-density and long-range seismic data;
performing field static correction processing based on the volcanic rock coverage area seismic original data to obtain volcanic rock coverage area seismic data after field static correction;
removing noise interference in the volcanic rock coverage area seismic data after the field static correction to obtain denoised volcanic rock coverage area seismic data;
performing deconvolution on the basis of the denoised volcanic coverage area seismic data to obtain deconvoluted volcanic coverage area seismic data;
and performing multiple iterative anisotropic dynamic correction and residual static correction based on the deconvoluted volcanic coverage area seismic data to obtain volcanic coverage area pre-stack gather seismic data which can be finally used for pre-stack migration imaging.
2. The volcanic coverage area seismic data prestack gather processing method of claim 1, wherein: the field static correction processing of the volcanic rock coverage area seismic original data comprises the following steps:
picking up refracted wave information of the volcanic coverage area seismic original data;
and calculating a static correction value through refraction chromatography based on the refracted wave information to obtain the volcanic coverage area seismic data after the field static correction.
3. The volcanic coverage area seismic data prestack gather processing method of claim 2, wherein: removing noise interference in the volcanic rock coverage area seismic data after the field static correction comprises the following steps:
extracting the interference type and the interference energy in the volcanic rock coverage area seismic data after the field static correction;
and based on the interference type and the interference energy, different domains of the volcanic rock coverage area seismic data after the field static correction are transformed, signal-noise separation is carried out, and the noise of the volcanic rock coverage area seismic data after the field static correction is suppressed.
4. The volcanic coverage area seismic data prestack gather processing method of claim 3, wherein: the interference types include: strong energy surface wave interference, shallow linear multiple reflection refraction interference, multiple waves, volcanic scattering interference, cluster-shaped strong energy interference and industrial current interference.
5. The volcanic coverage area seismic data prestack gather processing method of claim 3, wherein: suppressing noise of the volcanic rock coverage area seismic data after the field static correction comprises the following steps:
judging the type of the noise, wherein the type comprises industrial current interference, volcanic scattering interference, cluster strong energy interference, strong energy surface wave interference, shallow layer linear multiple reflection refraction interference and multiple waves;
different methods are used to suppress different types of said noise.
6. The volcanic coverage area seismic data prestack gather processing method of claim 3, wherein: obtaining deconvoluted volcanic footprint seismic data comprising:
extracting wavelets of different frequency bands in the denoised volcanic rock coverage area seismic data;
based on the wavelets of the different frequency bands, the wave group characteristics of the wavelets of the different frequency bands are clarified by enhancing the transverse consistency of the wavelets through factor weighting, and the deconvoluted volcanic rock coverage area seismic data are obtained.
7. The volcanic coverage area seismic data prestack gather processing method of claim 6, wherein: the anisotropic dynamic correction comprises velocity analysis and dynamic leveling of the homophasic axes of the near, middle and far shot distances of the gather, and the velocity analysis and the dynamic leveling adopt an anisotropic non-hyperbolic time distance equation.
8. Volcanic rock coverage area seismic data prestack gather processing system for implementing the volcanic rock coverage area seismic data prestack gather processing method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: the device comprises a data acquisition unit, a data storage unit, a field static correction unit, a denoising unit, a deconvolution processing unit, an anisotropic dynamic correction and residual static correction iteration unit and a display unit;
the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring seismic original data of a volcanic coverage area;
the data storage unit is used for storing the volcanic coverage area seismic original data and the processed gather data;
the field static correction unit is used for carrying out field static correction on the volcanic coverage area seismic original data;
the denoising unit is used for removing the seismic data noise of the volcanic rock coverage area after the field static correction;
the deconvolution processing unit is used for performing deconvolution on the denoised seismic data noise of the volcanic coverage area;
the anisotropic dynamic correction and residual static correction iteration unit is used for performing anisotropic dynamic correction and residual static correction iteration on the deconvolution result of the seismic data of the volcanic rock coverage area;
the display unit is used for displaying the result of the processing process of the seismic data pre-stack gather in the volcanic coverage area;
the data acquisition unit, the field static correction unit, the denoising unit, the deconvolution processing unit, the anisotropic dynamic correction and residual static correction iteration unit and the data storage unit are sequentially connected, and the data storage unit is electrically connected with the display unit.
9. The volcanic coverage area seismic data prestack gather processing system of claim 8, wherein: the display unit adopts the same-screen block display.
10. Volcanic rock coverage area seismic data prestack gather processing apparatus, volcanic rock coverage area seismic data prestack gather processing apparatus is used for operation volcanic rock coverage area seismic data prestack gather processing system, its characterized in that: the method comprises a data processing module and a display module, wherein the data processing module is used for obtaining final volcanic rock coverage area seismic pre-stack gather data, and the display module is used for displaying the final volcanic rock coverage area seismic pre-stack gather data.
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