CN113917280B - Lightning stroke interference and fault discrimination method for high-voltage direct-current transmission line - Google Patents
Lightning stroke interference and fault discrimination method for high-voltage direct-current transmission line Download PDFInfo
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- CN113917280B CN113917280B CN202111142202.6A CN202111142202A CN113917280B CN 113917280 B CN113917280 B CN 113917280B CN 202111142202 A CN202111142202 A CN 202111142202A CN 113917280 B CN113917280 B CN 113917280B
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- 208000025274 Lightning injury Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000012850 discrimination method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 25
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005404 monopole Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
- G01R31/085—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution lines, e.g. overhead
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
- G01R31/086—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution networks, i.e. with interconnected conductors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/088—Aspects of digital computing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
- H02H1/0007—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/267—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for parallel lines and wires
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/268—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for dc systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/28—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for meshed systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
- Y04S10/52—Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location
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Abstract
The invention discloses a lightning stroke interference and fault discrimination method for a high-voltage direct-current transmission line, which specifically comprises the following steps: step 1, after a protection starting element is started, recording positive and negative voltages in a data window of 5ms after the protection starting element is started; step 2, calculating the deviation degree VD of the positive voltage a The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Step 3, comparing the result obtained in the step 2 with a set threshold value alpha, and determining the fault type according to the judging result: step 4, calculating the deviation VD of the negative voltage b The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And 5, comparing the result obtained in the step 4 with a set threshold value beta, and determining the fault type according to the judging result: and 6, setting alpha in the step 3 and beta in the step 5. The invention can effectively identify lightning stroke interference and lightning stroke faults and improve the correct action rate of the high-voltage direct-current transmission line protection device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of protection of high-voltage direct-current transmission lines of power systems, and relates to a lightning stroke interference and fault discrimination method of a high-voltage direct-current transmission line.
Background
The high-voltage direct-current transmission system has large transmission capacity and is in a vital position in the electric power construction of China. In a dc transmission system, a dc transmission line is an important component, and once the dc transmission line fails, the protection system of the line must respond quickly, otherwise, it may cause an inconceivable loss. Therefore, in a high-voltage direct-current transmission system, the reliability of the protection of the direct-current transmission line is critical to the stable and safe operation of the system.
At present, the main protection of the high-voltage direct-current line protection mainly adopts traveling wave protection or transient state protection, and the two protection principles are based on the characteristics of high-frequency signals after faults, and are easy to be interfered by high-frequency signals such as lightning strokes. The high-voltage direct-current transmission has long transmission distance, wide spanning range, various complicated geographical environments and very complicated meteorological conditions, so that the transmission line inevitably suffers lightning stroke. A large number of statistical results show that for the ultra-high voltage transmission line, lightning damage faults account for 40% -70% of line faults. Lightning current impulse is generally a unipolar pulse wave, belongs to high-frequency signals, and contains rich high-frequency signals in the transient process of faults, so that how to correctly identify lightning stroke interference signals and fault signals in a protection device is very important. The identification of lightning interference directly influences whether the high-voltage transmission line can stably and safely run, and plays a key role in stabilizing the whole power system.
At present, in the research of lightning stroke interference identification of a high-voltage direct-current transmission line, a time-frequency change method is mostly adopted, the difference of high-frequency energy and low-frequency energy under the condition of lightning stroke faults and lightning stroke interference is utilized to realize the identification, the algorithm is complex, or the problem that threshold values are difficult to determine exists, and the accurate identification is possibly influenced. Moreover, most lightning strike interference identification researches give methods for analyzing only single-pole faults caused by lightning strike, and bipolar fault conditions are not considered. The bipolar system of the hvdc transmission system can operate independently, and the treatment modes for the monopolar fault and the bipolar fault are different, so that the distinction between the monopolar fault and the bipolar fault is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a lightning stroke interference and fault judging method for a high-voltage direct-current transmission line, which can effectively identify lightning stroke interference and lightning stroke faults and improve the correct action rate of a high-voltage direct-current transmission line protection device.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the lightning stroke interference and fault discrimination method for the high-voltage direct-current transmission line specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, after a protection starting element is started, recording positive and negative voltages in a data window of 5ms after the protection starting element is started;
step 2, calculating the deviation degree VD of the positive voltage a ；
Step 3, comparing the result obtained in the step 2 with a set threshold value alpha to judge VD a Whether the formula (1) is satisfied or not, and determining the fault type according to the judging result:
VD a ＜α (1)；
wherein alpha is a threshold value of the deviation degree of the positive electrode voltage;
step 4, calculating the deviation VD of the negative voltage b ；
Step 5, comparing the result obtained in the step 4 with a set threshold value beta to judge VD b Whether the formula (2) is full or not, and determining the fault type according to the judging result:
VD b ＜β (2)；
wherein, beta is the threshold value of the voltage deviation of the cathode;
and 6, setting alpha in the step 3 and beta in the step 5.
The invention is also characterized in that:
the specific process of the step 2 is as follows:
calculating the deviation degree of the positive voltage by adopting the following formula (3):
wherein:
wherein Q is a The voltage residual square sum of the positive electrode line voltage after lightning stroke; p (P) a The square sum of the average value of the voltage of the positive electrode line after lightning stroke; u (U) a (k) Is a positive voltage signal obtained by sampling; k is the sampling point at the beginning of protection; n is the number of sampling points in a data window, and the data window is 5ms after protection is started; u (U) a0 Is the steady-state operating voltage/kV of the positive electrode line.
In step 3, if the calculated positive electrode voltage deviation VD a If the voltage is smaller than the threshold value alpha, judging that the voltage is lightning strike interference at the moment, protecting reset, and restarting the starting element; otherwise, judging that the lightning stroke is faulty, and continuing to step 4.
The specific process of the step 4 is as follows:
the negative voltage deviation VD is calculated by adopting the following formula (6) b ：
Wherein:
wherein Q is b The sum of squares of voltage residual errors of the negative electrode line after lightning strike; p (P) b The square sum of the average value of the voltage of the negative electrode line after lightning stroke; u (U) b (k) Is a negative voltage signal obtained by sampling; k is the sampling point at the beginning of protection; n is the number of sampling points in the data window; u (U) b0 Is the steady-state operating voltage/kV of the negative electrode line.
In step 5, when the calculated deviation VD of the negative electrode voltage b If the voltage is smaller than the threshold value beta, judging that the voltage is a lightning single-pole fault at the moment, and restarting the positive electrode line by the protection device; otherwise, judging that the bipolar fault exists, and carrying out a restarting flow of the bipolar line by the protection device.
The method has the beneficial effects that the method is a lightning stroke interference and fault judging method provided for the high-voltage direct-current transmission line, the ratio of the sum of squares Q of residual errors of voltages to the sum of squares P of mean values after lightning stroke occurrence is defined as the voltage deviation degree VD according to the characteristic difference of the change trend of positive and negative voltages after the lightning stroke interference and the lightning stroke fault, the lightning stroke fault and the lightning stroke interference are identified by utilizing the deviation degree of positive voltages, and the monopolar fault and the bipolar fault are identified by utilizing the deviation degree of negative voltages. The method not only can effectively identify the lightning stroke interference and the lightning stroke fault, but also can accurately judge the fault pole. The method has the advantages of clear principle, small calculated amount, short data window and high action speed, meets the actual requirements of engineering, and has strong practical value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for discriminating lightning strike interference and faults of a high voltage direct current transmission line according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a simulation model diagram of a bipolar hvdc transmission system;
FIG. 3 is a simulation verification result (positive voltage deviation) of lightning strike faults or interferences at different positions of a line by the lightning strike interference and fault discrimination method of the high-voltage direct-current transmission line;
fig. 4 is a simulation verification result (negative voltage deviation degree) of lightning strike faults or interferences at different positions of a line by using the method for distinguishing lightning strike interferences and faults of the high-voltage direct-current transmission line.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
The invention discloses a lightning stroke interference and fault discrimination method for a high-voltage direct-current transmission line, which is characterized in that the lightning stroke interference, the lightning stroke monopole fault and the lightning stroke bipolar fault are identified by calculating the voltage deviation degree of the line after the lightning stroke of the high-voltage direct-current transmission line, and the specific flow is shown in a figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
step 1, after a protection starting element is started, recording positive and negative voltages in a data window of 5ms after the protection starting element is started;
and 2, calculating the deviation degree of the positive electrode voltage, wherein specific calculation formulas are shown in formulas (1) - (3).
Wherein: VD (vacuum deposition) a The positive voltage deviation degree; q (Q) a The voltage residual square sum of the positive electrode line voltage after lightning stroke; p (P) a The square sum of the average value of the voltage of the positive electrode line after lightning stroke; u (U) a (k) Is a positive voltage signal obtained by sampling; k is the sampling point at the beginning of protection; n is the number of sampling points in a data window, and the data window is 5ms after protection is started; u (U) a0 Is the steady-state operating voltage/kV of the positive electrode line.
Step 3, calculating the deviation VD of the positive electrode voltage a Comparing with a set threshold value alpha to judge VD a Whether or not formula (4) is satisfied:
VD a ＜α (4)；
wherein: alpha is the threshold value of the deviation degree of the positive electrode voltage.
If the calculated positive voltage deviation degree VD a If the voltage is smaller than the threshold value alpha, judging that the voltage is lightning strike interference at the moment, protecting reset, and restarting the starting element; otherwise, judging that the lightning stroke is faulty, and continuing to carry out the step 4.
Step 4: calculating the deviation VD of the negative voltage b The calculation formulas are shown as formulas (5) - (7).
Wherein: VD (vacuum deposition) b The voltage deviation degree of the negative electrode; q (Q) b The sum of squares of voltage residual errors of the negative electrode line after lightning strike; p (P) b The square sum of the average value of the voltage of the negative electrode line after lightning stroke; u (U) b (k) Is a negative voltage signal obtained by sampling; k is the sampling point at the beginning of protection; n is the number of sampling points in the data window; u (U) b0 Is the steady-state operating voltage/kV of the negative electrode line.
Step 5: the calculated negative electrode voltageDeviation degree VD b Comparing with a set threshold value beta to judge VD b Whether or not it is full (8):
VD b ＜β (8)；
wherein: beta is the threshold value of the negative voltage deviation.
If the calculated deviation VD of the negative electrode voltage b If the voltage is smaller than the threshold value beta, judging that the voltage is a lightning single-pole fault at the moment, and restarting the positive electrode line by the protection device; otherwise, judging that the bipolar fault exists, and carrying out a restarting flow of the bipolar circuit by the protection device.
The setting method of threshold values alpha and beta in the steps 3 and 5 is as follows:
lightning current models of 1.2/50 mu s are taken, lightning faults and lightning interference simulation of different types are carried out at 20%, 50% and 80% of the positions, which are away from the rectifying side line, the deviation degree of positive and negative voltages is calculated according to simulation data, and the calculation results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 calculation results of voltage deviation degree
It can be seen that under the condition of lightning strike interference, the deviation degree of the voltage of the positive electrode is smaller than 0.1, and a certain margin is arranged between the deviation degree and 0.1; when lightning strike faults occur, the deviation degree of the voltage of the positive electrode is larger than 0.1, and a certain margin is reserved between the positive electrode and 0.1. The threshold value α is thus determined to be 0.1. Under the condition of lightning strike interference and under the condition of lightning strike monopole fault, the deviation degree of the voltage of the negative electrode is smaller than 0.1, and a certain margin is arranged between the deviation degree and 0.1; under the condition of lightning double-pole fault, the deviation degree of the voltage of the negative electrode is larger than 0.1, and a certain margin is reserved between the deviation degree and 0.1. The threshold value β is thus also determined to be 0.1.
When lightning strike interference occurs, the voltage amplitude is smaller, so that the Q value calculation result is smaller, the P value is larger, and the calculated voltage deviation VD value is smaller; when lightning strike faults occur, the voltage amplitude of the fault pole changes greatly, so that the Q value is calculated to be larger, the P value is smaller, and the calculated voltage deviation VD value is larger. The method can reduce the calculation result in the case of lightning stroke interference, amplify the calculation result in the case of lightning stroke fault, make the difference between the lightning stroke fault and the interference more obvious, and more clearly identify the lightning stroke interference and the fault.
Example 1
Fig. 2 shows a simulation model diagram of a bipolar dc power transmission system. The rated DC voltage of the system is +/-500 kV, the rated running current is 3kA, the rated capacity is 3000MW, and the conveying distance is 1000km.
In order to verify the influence of the fault distance on the judging result, different lightning stroke interference and lightning stroke faults are respectively arranged at 5km, 100km, 200km, 300km, 400km, 500km, 600km, 700km, 800km, 900km and 995km, and the provided lightning stroke interference identification method is verified according to the simulation result. The verification results are shown in fig. 3 and 4.
FIG. 3 shows the calculation result of the positive voltage deviation degree, wherein the calculation result of the positive voltage deviation degree is smaller than 0.1 in three cases of lightning conductor, lightning conductor interference and lightning tower top interference; the calculation results of the single and double pole faults of the lightning strike lead and the single and double pole faults of the lightning strike tower top are all larger than 0.1. The method provided by the invention can accurately judge the lightning stroke faults and the lightning stroke interference.
FIG. 4 is a calculation result of a negative voltage deviation degree, wherein the calculation result of the negative voltage deviation degree is less than 0.1; the calculation results of the voltage deviation degree of the negative electrode are both larger than 0.1. The method provided by the invention can accurately judge the monopole fault condition and the bipolar fault condition in the lightning stroke fault.
According to the lightning stroke interference and fault judging method provided by the invention, the fault type can be accurately judged under the condition that lightning stroke interference or lightning stroke fault occurs at different positions, and the judging result is not influenced by the occurrence distance of the lightning stroke.
Example 2
Three lightning current waveforms are commonly used, and different lightning stroke interference and lightning stroke fault simulation are carried out on two lightning current waveforms of 2.6/50 mu s and 5/100 mu s in order to verify the influence of different lightning current waveforms on a judging result. The proposed lightning stroke interference recognition scheme is verified according to the simulation result, and the specific calculation results are shown in tables 2 and 3:
TABLE 2 simulation verification results for 2.6/50 μs lightning current
Table 3 5/100 mu s lightning current simulation verification result
It can be seen that, for different lightning current waveforms, the lightning stroke interference and fault discrimination method provided by the invention can accurately discriminate the fault type, and the discrimination result is not influenced by the lightning current waveforms.
Claims (1)
1. A lightning stroke interference and fault discrimination method for a high-voltage direct-current transmission line is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, after a protection starting element is started, recording positive and negative voltages in a data window of 5ms after the protection starting element is started;
step 2, calculating the deviation degree VD of the positive voltage a ；
The specific process of the step 2 is as follows:
calculating the deviation degree of the positive voltage by adopting the following formula (3):
wherein:
wherein Q is a The voltage residual square sum of the positive electrode line voltage after lightning stroke; p (P) a The square sum of the average value of the voltage of the positive electrode line after lightning stroke; u (U) a (k) Is a positive voltage signal obtained by sampling; k is the sampling point at the beginning of protection; n is the number of sampling points in a data window, and the data window is 5ms after protection is started; u (U) a0 The steady-state operation voltage/kV of the positive electrode line is obtained;
step 3, comparing the result obtained in the step 2 with a set threshold value alpha to judge VD a Whether the formula (1) is satisfied or not, and determining the fault type according to the judging result:
VD a ＜α (1)；
wherein alpha is a threshold value of the deviation degree of the positive electrode voltage;
in the step 3, if the calculated positive electrode voltage deviation VD a If the voltage is smaller than the threshold value alpha, judging that the voltage is lightning strike interference at the moment, protecting reset, and restarting the starting element; otherwise, judging that the lightning stroke is faulty, and continuing to perform the step 4;
step 4, calculating the deviation VD of the negative voltage b ；
The specific process of the step 4 is as follows:
the negative voltage deviation VD is calculated by adopting the following formula (6) b ：
Wherein:
wherein Q is b The sum of squares of voltage residual errors of the negative electrode line after lightning strike; p (P) b Is a negative electrode wire after lightning strikeThe sum of squares of the average of the road voltages; u (U) b (k) Is a negative voltage signal obtained by sampling; k is the sampling point at the beginning of protection; n is the number of sampling points in the data window; u (U) b0 The steady-state operation voltage/kV of the negative electrode line is obtained;
step 5, comparing the result obtained in the step 4 with a set threshold value beta to judge VD b Whether the formula (2) is full or not, and determining the fault type according to the judging result:
VD b ＜β (2)；
wherein, beta is the threshold value of the voltage deviation of the cathode;
in the step 5, when the calculated deviation VD of the negative electrode voltage b If the voltage is smaller than the threshold value beta, judging that the voltage is a lightning single-pole fault at the moment, and restarting the positive electrode line by the protection device; otherwise, judging that the bipolar fault exists, and performing a restarting flow of the bipolar circuit by the protection device;
and 6, setting alpha in the step 3 and beta in the step 5.
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