CN113917280A - Method for judging lightning stroke interference and fault of high-voltage direct-current transmission line - Google Patents

Method for judging lightning stroke interference and fault of high-voltage direct-current transmission line Download PDF

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CN113917280A
CN113917280A CN202111142202.6A CN202111142202A CN113917280A CN 113917280 A CN113917280 A CN 113917280A CN 202111142202 A CN202111142202 A CN 202111142202A CN 113917280 A CN113917280 A CN 113917280A
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voltage
fault
lightning
judging
lightning stroke
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CN113917280B (en
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王艳婷
莫文斌
张惠智
王开艳
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Xian University of Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
    • G01R31/085—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution lines, e.g. overhead
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
    • G01R31/086—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution networks, i.e. with interconnected conductors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/088—Aspects of digital computing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0007—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • H02H7/267—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for parallel lines and wires
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • H02H7/268—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for dc systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • H02H7/28—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for meshed systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
    • Y04S10/52—Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for judging lightning stroke interference and faults of a high-voltage direct-current transmission line, which specifically comprises the following steps: step 1, after a protection starting element is started, recording the voltages of the anode and the cathode in a data window 5ms after the protection starting element is started; step 2, calculating the deviation degree VD of the anode voltagea(ii) a Step 3, comparing the result obtained in the step 2 with a set threshold value alpha, and determining the fault type according to the judgment result: step 4, calculating the deviation degree VD of the cathode voltageb(ii) a And 5, comparing the result obtained in the step 4 with a set threshold value beta, and determining the fault type according to the judgment result: and 6, adjusting alpha in the step 3 and beta in the step 5. The lightning stroke interference and the lightning stroke fault can be effectively identified, and the correct action rate of the high-voltage direct-current transmission line protection device is improved.

Description

Method for judging lightning stroke interference and fault of high-voltage direct-current transmission line
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of protection of high-voltage direct-current transmission lines of power systems, and relates to a method for judging lightning stroke interference and faults of a high-voltage direct-current transmission line.
Background
The high-voltage direct-current transmission system is large in transmission capacity and is in a crucial position in electric power construction in China. In a direct-current transmission system, a direct-current transmission line is an important component, and once the direct-current transmission line fails, a protection system of the line must respond quickly, otherwise, the protection system causes unthinkable loss. Therefore, in the high-voltage direct-current transmission system, the reliability of the protection of the direct-current transmission line is very critical to the stable and safe operation of the system.
At present, traveling wave protection or transient protection is mainly adopted for main protection of high-voltage direct-current line protection, and both protection principles are based on high-frequency signal characteristics after faults and are easily interfered by high-frequency signals such as lightning strokes. The high-voltage direct-current transmission has long transmission distance and wide span range, approaches various complex geographic environments, and has very complex meteorological conditions, so that the transmission line cannot avoid being struck by lightning. A large number of statistical results show that the lightning damage fault accounts for 40% -70% of the line fault for the ultrahigh-voltage power transmission line. Lightning current surge is generally unipolar pulse wave, belongs to high-frequency signals, and the transient process of a fault also contains abundant high-frequency signals, so that how to correctly identify lightning stroke interference signals and fault signals in a protection device is very important. The identification of the lightning interference directly influences whether the high-voltage transmission line can stably and safely operate, and plays a key role in the stability of the whole power system.
At present, in the lightning interference recognition research of the high-voltage direct-current transmission line, a time-frequency change method is mostly adopted, the difference of high and low frequency energy under the conditions of lightning faults and lightning interference is utilized to realize the discrimination, the algorithm is complex, or the problem that the threshold value is difficult to determine exists, and the correct discrimination is possibly influenced. Moreover, most methods provided by the lightning stroke interference recognition research only analyze the unipolar fault caused by the lightning stroke, and do not consider the bipolar fault condition. The double poles of the HVDC transmission system can be operated independently, and the treatment modes for the single-pole fault and the double-pole fault are different, so that the single-pole fault and the double-pole fault can be distinguished.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for judging lightning stroke interference and faults of a high-voltage direct-current transmission line, which can effectively identify the lightning stroke interference and the lightning stroke faults and improve the correct action rate of a high-voltage direct-current transmission line protection device.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the method for judging the lightning stroke interference and the fault of the high-voltage direct-current transmission line specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, after a protection starting element is started, recording the voltages of the anode and the cathode in a data window 5ms after the protection starting element is started;
step 2, calculating the deviation degree VD of the anode voltagea；
Step 3, comparing the result obtained in the step 2 with a set threshold value alpha, and judging VDaAnd (3) determining the fault type according to the judgment result if the formula (1) is satisfied:
VDa＜α (1)；
wherein, alpha is a threshold value of the deviation degree of the positive voltage;
step 4, calculating the deviation degree VD of the cathode voltageb；
Step 5, comparing the result obtained in the step 4 with a set threshold value beta, and judging VDbAnd (3) determining the fault type according to the judgment result if the formula (2) is full:
VDb＜β (2)；
wherein beta is a threshold value of the deviation degree of the negative voltage;
and 6, adjusting alpha in the step 3 and beta in the step 5.
The invention is also characterized in that:
the specific process of the step 2 is as follows:
calculating the degree of deviation of the positive electrode voltage by using the following formula (3):
Figure BDA0003284173920000031
wherein:
Figure BDA0003284173920000032
Figure BDA0003284173920000033
wherein Q isaThe sum of squares of residual errors of the positive line voltage after lightning strike; paThe sum of squares of the average positive line voltage after lightning strike; u shapea(k) Is a sampled positive voltage signal; k is the sampling point at the beginning of the protection; n is the number of sampling points in the data window, and the data window is 5ms after the protection is started; u shapea0Is the steady state operation voltage/kV of the anode line.
In step 3, if the calculated positive voltage deviation degree VDaIf the value is less than the threshold value alpha, judging that the lightning interference is at the moment, protecting and resetting, and reopening the starting element; otherwise, judging the lightning stroke fault, and continuing to perform the step 4.
The specific process of the step 4 is as follows:
the following formula (6) is adopted to calculate the cathode voltage deviation degree VDb：
Figure BDA0003284173920000041
Wherein:
Figure BDA0003284173920000042
Figure BDA0003284173920000043
wherein Q isbThe sum of squares of negative line voltage residuals after lightning strike; pbThe sum of squares of the average voltage values of the negative electrode lines after lightning strike; u shapeb(k) Is a sampled negative voltage signal; k is the sampling point at the beginning of the protection; n is the number of sampling points in the data window; u shapeb0Is the steady state operation voltage/kV of the negative electrode line.
In step 5, when the calculated cathode voltage deviation VDbIf the value is less than the threshold value beta, the lightning stroke single-pole fault is judged at the moment, and the protection device carries out the positive lineThe restart procedure of (2); otherwise, the bipolar fault is judged, and the protection device carries out the restarting process of the bipolar line.
The method has the advantages that according to the characteristic difference of positive and negative electrode voltage change trends after lightning interference and lightning fault, the ratio of the sum of the square residuals Q and the sum of the square residuals P of the voltage after lightning strike to the sum of the square sums P of the mean values is defined as the voltage deviation degree VD, the lightning fault and the lightning interference are identified by using the deviation degree of the positive electrode voltage, and the unipolar fault and the bipolar fault are identified by using the deviation degree of the negative electrode voltage. The method can effectively identify the lightning stroke interference and the lightning stroke fault and can accurately judge the fault pole. The method has clear principle, small calculated amount, short data window and high action speed, meets the actual engineering requirements and has high practical value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for judging lightning stroke interference and faults of a high-voltage direct-current transmission line according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a simulation model of a bipolar HVDC transmission system;
FIG. 3 is a simulation verification result (positive voltage deviation degree) of lightning stroke faults or interferences occurring at different positions of a line by the method for judging the lightning stroke interferences and the faults of the high-voltage direct-current transmission line of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a simulation verification result (cathode voltage deviation degree) of lightning stroke faults or interferences occurring at different positions of a line by the method for judging lightning stroke interferences and faults of the HVDC line.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention relates to a method for judging lightning stroke interference and faults of a high-voltage direct-current transmission line, which identifies the lightning stroke interference, lightning stroke unipolar faults and lightning stroke bipolar faults by calculating the voltage deviation degree of a line after the high-voltage direct-current transmission line is struck by lightning, and the specific flow is shown in figure 1, and the method comprises the following steps of:
step 1, after a protection starting element is started, recording the voltages of the anode and the cathode in a data window 5ms after the protection starting element is started;
and 2, calculating the voltage deviation degree of the positive electrode, wherein the specific calculation formula is shown in formulas (1) to (3).
Figure BDA0003284173920000051
Figure BDA0003284173920000052
Figure BDA0003284173920000053
In the formula: VDaThe degree of deviation of the voltage of the positive electrode; qaThe sum of squares of residual errors of the positive line voltage after lightning strike; paThe sum of squares of the average positive line voltage after lightning strike; u shapea(k) Is a sampled positive voltage signal; k is the sampling point at the beginning of the protection; n is the number of sampling points in the data window, and the data window is 5ms after the protection is started; u shapea0Is the steady state operation voltage/kV of the anode line.
Step 3, calculating the obtained positive voltage deviation degree VDaComparing with a preset threshold value alpha to judge VDaWhether formula (4) is satisfied:
VDa＜α (4)；
in the formula: and alpha is a threshold value of the deviation degree of the positive voltage.
If the calculated positive voltage deviation degree VDaIf the value is less than the threshold value alpha, judging that the lightning interference is at the moment, protecting and resetting, and reopening the starting element; otherwise, judging the lightning stroke fault, and continuing to carry out the step 4.
And 4, step 4: calculating the deviation degree VD of the cathode voltagebThe calculation formula is shown in formulas (5) - (7).
Figure BDA0003284173920000061
Figure BDA0003284173920000062
Figure BDA0003284173920000063
In the formula: VDbIs the degree of deviation of the cathode voltage; qbThe sum of squares of negative line voltage residuals after lightning strike; pbThe sum of squares of the average voltage values of the negative electrode lines after lightning strike; u shapeb(k) Is a sampled negative voltage signal; k is the sampling point at the beginning of the protection; n is the number of sampling points in the data window; u shapeb0Is the steady state operation voltage/kV of the negative electrode line.
And 5: calculating the obtained cathode voltage deviation degree VDbComparing with a preset threshold value beta to judge VDbFull formula (8):
VDb＜β (8)；
in the formula: beta is a threshold value of the deviation degree of the negative electrode voltage.
If the calculated deviation degree VD of the cathode voltagebIf the current value is less than the threshold value beta, judging that the current is a lightning stroke unipolar fault, and carrying out a restarting process of the positive line by the protection device; otherwise, judging the bipolar fault, and carrying out the restarting process of the bipolar line by the protection device.
The setting method of the threshold values alpha and beta in the steps 3 and 5 is as follows:
a1.2/50 mu s lightning current model is taken, different types of lightning faults and lightning interference simulation are carried out at the positions 20%, 50% and 80% away from the rectifying side circuit, the deviation degree of the positive and negative voltage is calculated according to simulation data, and the calculation result is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 calculation of the degree of voltage deviation
Figure BDA0003284173920000071
It can be seen that under the condition of lightning interference, the voltage deviation degrees of the positive electrodes are all less than 0.1, and a certain margin is formed between the voltage deviation degrees and 0.1; when lightning stroke faults occur, the deviation degree of the voltage of the positive electrode is larger than 0.1, and a certain margin is formed between the deviation degree of the voltage of the positive electrode and 0.1. The threshold value α is thus determined to be 0.1. Under the condition of lightning interference and the condition of lightning unipolar fault, the deviation degree of the voltage of the negative electrode is less than 0.1, and a certain margin is formed between the deviation degree of the voltage of the negative electrode and 0.1; under the condition of lightning double-pole fault, the deviation degree of the negative pole voltage is larger than 0.1 and a certain margin is kept between the deviation degree of the negative pole voltage and 0.1. The threshold value β is thus also determined to be 0.1.
When lightning interference occurs, the voltage amplitude value is changed slightly, so that the Q value calculation result is smaller, the P value is larger, and the calculated voltage deviation VD value is smaller; when lightning stroke fault occurs, the amplitude of the fault voltage is changed greatly, so that the Q value calculation result is large, the P value is small, and the calculated voltage deviation degree VD value is large. The method can reduce the calculation result during lightning stroke interference and enlarge the calculation result during lightning stroke fault, so that the difference between the lightning stroke fault and the interference is more obvious, and the lightning stroke interference and the fault are more clearly identified.
Example 1
Fig. 2 shows a simulation model diagram of a bipolar dc transmission system. The rated direct current voltage of the system is +/-500 kV, the rated running current is 3kA, the rated capacity is 3000MW, and the conveying distance is 1000 km.
In order to verify the influence of the fault distance on the judgment result, different lightning stroke interferences and lightning stroke faults are set at the positions of 5km, 100km, 200km, 300km, 400km, 500km, 600km, 700km, 800km, 900km and 995km respectively, and the proposed lightning stroke interference identification method is verified according to the simulation result. The verification results are shown in fig. 3 and 4.
FIG. 3 shows the calculation results of the deviation of the positive voltage, wherein the calculation results of the deviation of the positive voltage are all less than 0.1 under three conditions of lightning strike on the lightning conductor, lightning strike on the conductor and lightning strike on the tower top; and the calculation results of the deviation degrees of the positive voltage of the single and double-pole faults of the lightning conductor and the single and double-pole faults of the lightning tower top are all more than 0.1. The method provided by the invention can correctly judge the lightning stroke fault and the lightning stroke interference.
FIG. 4 shows the calculation results of the degree of deviation of the negative voltage, wherein the calculation results of the degree of deviation of the negative voltage are both less than 0.1 for both a lightning strike lead monopole fault and a lightning strike tower top monopole fault; and the calculation results of the deviation degrees of the voltages of the two poles of the lightning conductor and the two poles at the top of the lightning tower are both greater than 0.1. The method provided by the invention can correctly judge the unipolar fault condition and the bipolar fault condition in the lightning stroke fault.
Therefore, under the condition that lightning stroke interference or lightning stroke faults occur at different positions, the method for judging the lightning stroke interference and the faults can correctly judge the fault types, and the judging result is not influenced by the lightning stroke occurrence distance.
Example 2
Three lightning current waveforms are commonly used, and in order to verify the influence of different lightning current waveforms on a judgment result, different lightning stroke interference and lightning stroke fault simulation are carried out on two lightning current waveforms of 2.6/50 mu s and 5/100 mu s. Verifying the proposed lightning interference identification scheme according to the simulation result, wherein the specific calculation results are shown in tables 2 and 3:
TABLE 22.6/50 mus lightning current simulation verification results
Figure BDA0003284173920000091
Simulation verification results of Table 35/100 μ s lightning current
Figure BDA0003284173920000101
It can be seen that for different lightning current waveforms, the lightning interference and fault discrimination method provided by the invention can correctly discriminate the fault type, and the discrimination result is not influenced by the lightning current waveform.

Claims (5)

1. A method for judging lightning stroke interference and faults of a high-voltage direct current transmission line is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, after a protection starting element is started, recording the voltages of the anode and the cathode in a data window 5ms after the protection starting element is started;
step 2, calculating the voltage deviation of the positive electrodeDegree VDa；
Step 3, comparing the result obtained in the step 2 with a set threshold value alpha, and judging VDaAnd (3) determining the fault type according to the judgment result if the formula (1) is satisfied:
VDa＜α (1)；
wherein, alpha is a threshold value of the deviation degree of the positive voltage;
step 4, calculating the deviation degree VD of the cathode voltageb；
Step 5, comparing the result obtained in the step 4 with a set threshold value beta, and judging VDbAnd (3) determining the fault type according to the judgment result if the formula (2) is full:
VDb＜β (2)；
wherein beta is a threshold value of the deviation degree of the negative voltage;
and 6, adjusting alpha in the step 3 and beta in the step 5.
2. The method for judging the lightning stroke interference and the fault of the high-voltage direct current transmission line according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the specific process of the step 2 is as follows:
calculating the degree of deviation of the positive electrode voltage by using the following formula (3):
Figure FDA0003284173910000011
wherein:
Figure FDA0003284173910000021
Figure FDA0003284173910000022
wherein Q isaThe sum of squares of residual errors of the positive line voltage after lightning strike; paThe sum of squares of the average positive line voltage after lightning strike; u shapea(k) Is a sampled positive electrodeA voltage signal; k is the sampling point at the beginning of the protection; n is the number of sampling points in the data window, and the data window is 5ms after the protection is started; u shapea0Is the steady state operation voltage/kV of the anode line.
3. The method for judging the lightning stroke interference and the fault of the high-voltage direct current transmission line according to claim 2, is characterized in that: in the step 3, if the calculated positive voltage deviation degree VDaIf the value is less than the threshold value alpha, judging that the lightning interference is at the moment, protecting and resetting, and reopening the starting element; otherwise, judging the lightning stroke fault, and continuing to perform the step 4.
4. The method for judging the lightning stroke interference and the fault of the high-voltage direct current transmission line according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the specific process of the step 4 is as follows:
the following formula (6) is adopted to calculate the cathode voltage deviation degree VDb：
Figure FDA0003284173910000023
Wherein:
Figure FDA0003284173910000024
Figure FDA0003284173910000025
wherein Q isbThe sum of squares of negative line voltage residuals after lightning strike; pbThe sum of squares of the average voltage values of the negative electrode lines after lightning strike; u shapeb(k) Is a sampled negative voltage signal; k is the sampling point at the beginning of the protection; n is the number of sampling points in the data window; u shapeb0Is the steady state operation voltage/kV of the negative electrode line.
5. The method of claim 4The method for judging the lightning stroke interference and the fault of the high-voltage direct current transmission line is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the step 5, when the calculated cathode voltage deviation degree VDbIf the current value is less than the threshold value beta, judging that the current is a lightning stroke unipolar fault, and carrying out a restarting process of the positive line by the protection device; otherwise, the bipolar fault is judged, and the protection device carries out the restarting process of the bipolar line.
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