CN113916680B - Manual testing system and method for tensile resistance of frozen root system - Google Patents
Manual testing system and method for tensile resistance of frozen root system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113916680B CN113916680B CN202111172323.5A CN202111172323A CN113916680B CN 113916680 B CN113916680 B CN 113916680B CN 202111172323 A CN202111172323 A CN 202111172323A CN 113916680 B CN113916680 B CN 113916680B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000002615 epidermis Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/18—Performing tests at high or low temperatures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0032—Generation of the force using mechanical means
- G01N2203/0037—Generation of the force using mechanical means involving a rotating movement, e.g. gearing, cam, eccentric, or centrifuge effects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0067—Fracture or rupture
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0222—Temperature
- G01N2203/0228—Low temperature; Cooling means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0244—Tests performed "in situ" or after "in situ" use
- G01N2203/0246—Special simulation of "in situ" conditions, scale models or dummies
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0262—Shape of the specimen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/04—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils
- G01N2203/0423—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils using screws
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0694—Temperature
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a manual testing system and a manual testing method for measuring the tensile resistance of a frozen root system, which belong to the technical field of measurement of the tensile resistance of the frozen root system. The three-jaw manual testing system integrates different temperatures and manual stretching functions, and the three-jaw flexible clamp is used, so that damage of the clamp to a root system in a measuring process is reduced, the instrument is simple and easy to operate, and test technical support is provided for tensile resistance scientific researches of the root systems at different temperatures.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of frozen root system tensile resistance testing, and particularly relates to a frozen root system tensile resistance manual testing system and a testing method.
Background
The vegetation soil-fixed slope protection can not only afforest the side slope to obtain beautiful side slope landscape, but also enhance the side slope stability, reduce the occurrence of disasters such as landslide, collapse and the like, and obtain the wide attention of researchers of the rock soil slope protection technology. The key effect of the vegetation slope protection is that the root system plays a role of reinforcing, so that the slope soil and the root system form a root soil complex, and the key of the root soil complex slope protection is the mechanical property of the vegetation root system. In general, the greater the tensile resistance of the root system, the greater the ability of the root-soil complex to resist the shear forces of the side slope and the more stable the side slope. In cold areas, the slope needs to be subjected to freezing and thawing processes, and the judgment of the shearing capacity of the root soil complex in the processes fundamentally relates to the judgment of the safety of the slope. At present, the lack of test technology and method for researching the tensile strength of frozen root systems from low-temperature freezing conditions leads to the fact that the theoretical calculation of the revetment of the current vegetation root systems stays at the normal temperature calculation level, and in cold areas, the effect of definitely freezing the root systems on slope protection is urgently needed, the problems that whether the frozen root systems have tensile resistance and what level of the tensile resistance can be achieved are urgently needed to be solved, and data support is provided for judging the soil-fixing revetment capability of the vegetation under the low-temperature freezing conditions in cold areas.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a manual testing system and a testing method for tensile resistance of frozen root systems, which are based on solving the problems in the background art, and the novel manual testing system integrates different temperatures and manual stretching functions and can provide test technical support for scientific research on tensile resistance of root systems at different temperatures.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the manual testing system for the tensile force of the frozen root system is characterized by comprising a freezing and thawing box 6 for controlling the testing temperature, a sample processing unit for performing stretching operation on the root system 8, a reading unit for reading test data and a force supply unit for providing stretching force;
the root system 8 is a vegetation root system which is washed clean and the epidermis is drained;
the sample processing unit for stretching the root system 8 comprises a three-jaw flexible clamp 7 and a three-jaw flexible clamp 11 for fixing and protecting the root system 8, a long nut 2-1 and a long nut 2-3 for stretching and fixing the three-jaw flexible clamp, and a steel wire 13-2 connected with the tail part of the three-jaw flexible clamp 11 through a hook 14-1;
the long nut 2-1 is internally provided with a screw rod 3-1, the left side of the screw rod 3-1 is fixedly connected with a manual rocker 1-1 penetrating through a hole on the left side of the freeze thawing box 6, and the screw rod 3-1 can be driven to move left and right in the fixed long nut 2-1 by rotating the manual rocker 1-1;
the root protecting arm 7-2 of the three-jaw flexible clamp 7 is rotationally connected to the long nut 2-1 through a pin, the root protecting arm 7-2 is connected with the bearing outer ring 5-1 of the bearing 5 through a steel wire traction wire 7-1, the bearing inner ring 5-2 of the bearing 5 is fixedly connected with the cylindrical iron rod 26 fixedly connected with the head of the screw rod 3-1, and the left-right movement of the screw rod 3-1 can drive the three-jaw flexible clamp 7 to be folded and unfolded;
the long nut 2-3 is connected with the three-jaw flexible clamp 11, the long nut 2-3 internally comprises a screw rod 3-3, the left and right movement of the screw rod 3-1 can drive the opening and closing arrangement structure of the three-jaw flexible clamp 7 to be consistent, and the left and right movement of the screw rod 3-3 can also drive the opening and closing of the root protecting arm of the three-jaw flexible clamp 11;
the left side of the freezing and thawing box 6 is provided with a hole for fixing the long nut 2-1, the right side is provided with a hole for passing through the steel wire rope 13, and the right side hole is provided with a sealing rubber ring 4-2 for sealing; a chute 10-1 is also arranged in the freeze thawing box 6, a pulley 9-1 is arranged on the chute 10-1, and the pulley 9-1 is fixedly connected with a three-jaw flexible clamp 11, so that the three-jaw flexible clamp 11 can freely slide left and right by depending on the chute 10-1 through the pulley 9-1; the upper middle part of the freezing and thawing box 6 is also provided with a double-layer vacuum glass 22 for observing the stretching condition of root systems; the novel left flexible clamp 7 and the novel right flexible clamp 11 clamp the root system 8 in the freeze-thawing box 6, the freeze-thawing box 6 can enable the root system 8 to be in a constant temperature state, and the tensile resistance of the root system 8 is guaranteed not to be affected by temperature fluctuation.
The reading unit comprises a test temperature reading unit and a root system tensile resistance reading unit, the test temperature reading unit comprises a temperature sensor 21 and an external display meter 21-1, the temperature sensor 21 is connected with the external display meter 21-1 through a wire, and the display meter 21-1 can display temperature data in the freeze thawing box 6 transmitted by the temperature sensor 21; the root system tensile resistance reading unit comprises a one-way tension meter 15, a tension meter fixing frame 16 with a pulley at the bottom and a chute 10-2 for providing a slideway, wherein the one-way tension meter 15 is fixed on the tension meter fixing frame 16 with the pulley at the bottom, and the tension meter fixing frame 16 is arranged on the chute 10-2, so that the one-way tension meter 15 can slide left and right;
the force supply unit comprises a non-bendable steel wire rope 17, a special bolt roller bearing 5-2, a long nut 2-2, a screw 3-2, a manual rocker 1-2 and a fixing frame 20; the screw 3-2 is arranged in the long nut 2-2, the long nut 2-2 is fixed on the fixing frame 20, the right side of the screw 3-2 is fixedly connected with the manual rocker 1-2, when the manual rocker 1-2 is rotated, the screw 3-2 can freely move in the long nut 2-2, the left side of the screw 3-2 is fixedly connected with the special bolt roller bearing 27, the left side of the special bolt roller bearing 27 is fixedly connected with the non-bendable steel wire rope 17, the special bolt roller bearing 27 can realize that the right side rotates along with the rotation of the screw 3-2, the left side keeps consistent with the non-bendable steel wire rope 17 and does not rotate, and further, the unidirectional tension meter 15 can only move under the action without rotating in the stretching or shrinking process.
Preferably, a spring 19 is arranged between the reading unit of the root system tensile force resistance and the force supply unit, the left end of the spring 19 is fixed on the right side of the tension meter fixing frame 16, the right end of the spring 19 is fixed on the slide way 10-2, when the unidirectional tension meter 15 receives the rightward tension of the force supply unit, and after the root system 8 is simultaneously stressed and broken, the spring 19 can prevent the tension meter fixing frame 16 from sliding rightward, so that the reading of the tension meter is more accurate.
Preferably, handles are arranged on two sides of the tail of the screw 3-3 so as to rotate the screw 3-3; meanwhile, the center of the tail part of the screw 3-3 is provided with a steel wire 13-1, and the tail part of the steel wire 13-1 is provided with a hook 14-1, so that the screw is easy to connect with the steel wire 13-2.
The invention further aims to provide a test method based on a frozen root system tensile strength manual test system, which comprises the following steps:
1) The root system 8 which is cleaned and drained is prepared, the manual rocker 1-1 is rocked to enable the left three-jaw flexible clamp 7 to fix the left end of the root system, and the long nut 2-3 is rotated to enable the right three-jaw flexible clamp 11 to fix the right end of the root system.
2) The unidirectional tension meter 16 is controlled to retreat or advance by the rotation of the manual rocker 1-2, so that the root system 8 is stretched.
3) After the root system is straightened, the freeze-thaw chamber 6 is set to a temperature required for the test, and the test temperature is approved by an external display table 21-1 of the temperature sensor 21.
4) When the environment temperature in the freezing and thawing box 6 reaches the test requirement, the temperature is maintained for more than 30 minutes (the root system is ensured to obtain the test environment temperature), then the manual rocker 1-2 is rocked, the tension meter moves to the right side, after the root system is tightened, the right side force measuring end of the tension meter starts to move, the manual rocker 1-2 is slowly rocked, the condition of the root system 8 is observed through the vacuum double-layer glass 22, and if the root system 8 breaks, the rocking of the manual rocker 1-2 is immediately stopped.
5) The one-way tension meter 16 is read and recorded. ,
6) The result is calculated according to the following formula: f (F) Pulling device ＝F Showing the -k.x
F Pulling device : the tensile resistance of the root system 8.
F Showing the : tension meter number
k: the spring rate of the spring, a known amount.
x: the compressed length of the spring.
And obtaining the tensile resistance of the broken root system and the temperature of the broken root system according to the calculation result and the temperature display result.
The manual testing system and the manual testing method for the tensile resistance of the frozen root system have the following beneficial effects:
1) The tension measuring device is additionally provided with a spring, and the tension device is provided with a steel wire which is not easy to deform, so that after the root system is broken, the tension meter is kept at the indication of the broken root system, and the tensile resistance of the root system can be accurately measured according to a calculation formula;
2) Through the application of the freeze thawing box, the tensile test is ensured to be in a set constant temperature environment, and the influence of temperature fluctuation on the test is avoided;
3) When two-way centre gripping is carried out to the root system, right side clamping device's dismantlement makes this test system easy operation, convenient and fast, has adopted three-jaw flexible clamp to carry out the centre gripping to the root system simultaneously and has made the root system that is surveyed evenly to be drawn, and the bearing design makes manual rocking handle pivoted in-process eliminate the torsion to the root system to improved experimental survey degree of accuracy, effectively reduced the impaired degree of root system, guaranteed the accuracy of survey data, improved the reliability of root system survey test.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a three-jaw flex clamp;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a bearing structure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a custom bolt roller bearing construction;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a screw with a handle;
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention further with reference to the drawings. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a manual testing system for the tensile force resistance of a frozen root system, which is shown in figure 1, and comprises a freezing and thawing box 6 for controlling the test temperature, a sample processing unit for performing stretching operation on the root system 8, and a reading unit for measuring the tensile force resistance of the root system;
the root system 8 is a vegetation root system which is washed clean and the epidermis is drained;
in the embodiment, the sample processing unit for stretching the root system 8 comprises a three-jaw flexible clamp 7 and a three-jaw flexible clamp 11 for fixing and protecting the root system 8, a long nut 2-1 and a long nut 2-3 for stretching and fixing the three-jaw flexible clamp, and a steel wire 13-2 connected with the tail part of the three-jaw flexible clamp 11 through a hook 14-1;
in the embodiment, the long nut 2-1 is connected with the three-jaw flexible clamp 7, the long nut 2-1 internally comprises a screw rod 3-1, the left side of the screw rod 3-1 is fixedly connected with a manual rocker 1-1 penetrating through a hole on the left side of the freezing and thawing box 6, and the screw rod 3-1 can be driven to move left and right in the fixed long nut 2-1 through rotation of the manual rocker 1-1).
Further, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the three-jaw flexible clamp 7 is provided with three root protecting arms 7-2, the root protecting arms 7-2 are rotatably connected to the long nuts 2-1 through pins, the root protecting arms 7-2 are connected with the bearing outer ring 5-1 through steel wire traction wires 7-1, the bearing inner ring 5-2 is fixedly connected with a cylindrical iron rod 26 fixedly connected with the head of the screw rod 3-1, and the left and right movement of the screw rod 3-1 can drive the three-jaw flexible clamp 7 to retract and expand;
in the embodiment, the heads of the three root protecting arms 7-2 on the three-jaw flexible clamp 7 are provided with the rubber chucks 7-4, and the rubber chucks 7-4 can provide larger friction force between the root protecting arms 7-2 and the root system 8 when the three-jaw flexible clamp 7 is contracted, and can also protect the root system 8 from being damaged by hard metal;
in this embodiment, in order to maintain the vertical stability of the long nut 2-1, a fixing support 25 is provided at the bottom of the freeze thawing tank 6 for fixing the long nut 2-1.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the long nut 2-3 is connected with the three-jaw flexible clamp 11, the long nut 2-3 internally comprises a screw rod 3-3, the opening and closing arrangement structure of the three-jaw flexible clamp 7 can be driven by the left and right movement of the screw rod 3-1, and the opening and closing of the root protecting arm of the three-jaw flexible clamp 11 can be driven by the left and right movement of the screw rod 3-3.
Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the left side of the freezing and thawing box 6 is provided with a hole for fixing the long nut 2-1, the right side is provided with a hole for passing through the steel wire rope 13, and the right side hole is provided with a sealing rubber ring 4-2 for sealing;
in the embodiment, a chute 10-1 is also arranged in the freeze thawing box 6, a pulley 9-1 is arranged on the chute 10-1, and the pulley 9-1 is fixedly connected with a three-jaw flexible clamp 11, so that the three-jaw flexible clamp 11 can freely slide left and right by depending on the chute 10-1 through the pulley 9-1;
in the embodiment, the upper middle part of the freezing and thawing box 6 is also provided with a double-layer vacuum glass 22 for observing the stretching condition of the root system;
in the embodiment, the left novel flexible clamp 7 and the right novel flexible clamp 11 clamp the root system 8 in the freeze-thawing box 6, and the freeze-thawing box 6 can enable the root system 8 to be in a constant temperature state, so that the tensile resistance of the root system 8 is not influenced by temperature fluctuation;
in this embodiment, the reading unit includes a test temperature reading unit and a root system tensile resistance reading unit, the test temperature reading unit includes a temperature sensor 21 and an external display meter 21-1, the temperature sensor 21 is connected with the external display meter 21-1 through a wire, and the display meter 21-1 can display temperature data in the freeze thawing box 6 transmitted by the temperature sensor 21; the root system tensile resistance reading unit comprises a one-way tension meter 15, a tension meter fixing frame 16 with a pulley at the bottom and a chute 10-2 for providing a slideway, wherein the one-way tension meter 15 is fixed on the tension meter fixing frame 16 with the pulley at the bottom, and the tension meter fixing frame 16 is arranged on the chute 10-2, so that the one-way tension meter 15 can slide left and right;
in the embodiment, the force supply unit comprises a non-bendable steel wire rope 17, a special bolt roller bearing 5-2, a long nut 2-2, a screw 3-2, a manual rocker 1-2 and a fixing frame 20;
in this embodiment, the screw 3-2 is disposed in the long nut 2-2, the long nut 2-2 is fixed on the fixing frame 20, the right side of the screw 3-2 is fixedly connected with the manual rocker 1-2, when the manual rocker 1-2 is rotated, free movement of the screw 3-2 in the long nut 2 can be realized, the left side of the screw 3-2 is fixedly connected with the special bolt roller bearing 27, and the left side of the special bolt roller bearing 27 is fixedly connected with the non-bendable steel wire rope 17.
Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the special bolt roller bearing 27 is composed of an outer ring 27-1 with one closed side, a rotor 27-2, an inner ring 27-3 and a rotating rod 27-4, wherein the rotating rod 27-4 is fixedly connected with the screw 3-2, the outer ring 27-1 is fixedly connected with the non-bendable steel wire rope 17, and the outer ring 27-1 and the inner ring 27-3 can realize a rotation function under the action of the rotor 27-2; therefore, the special bolt roller bearing 27 rotates along with the rotation of the screw 3-2 without driving the non-bendable steel wire rope 17 to rotate, so that the unidirectional tension meter 15 is ensured to only move under the action of rotation without rotating in the stretching or shrinking process.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, a spring 19 is arranged between the reading unit of the tensile force resistance of the root system and the force supply unit, the left end of the spring 19 is fixed on the right side of the tension meter fixing frame 16, the right end of the spring is fixed on the slide way 10-2, when the unidirectional tension meter 15 receives the rightward tension force of the force supply unit, and after the root system 8 is broken by the force, the spring 19 can prevent the tension meter fixing frame 16 from sliding rightward, so that the reading of the tension meter is more accurate.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 and 5, handles are arranged on two sides of the tail of the screw rod 3-3 to rotate the screw rod (3-3); meanwhile, the center of the tail part of the screw 3-3 is provided with a steel wire 13-1, and the tail part of the steel wire 13-1 is provided with a hook 14-1, so that the screw is easy to connect with the steel wire 13-2.
The example also provides a test method based on the manual testing system for the tensile resistance of the frozen root system, which comprises the following specific steps:
1) The root system 8 which is cleaned and drained is prepared, the manual rocker 1-1 is rocked to enable the left three-jaw flexible clamp 7 to fix the left end of the root system, and the long nut 2-3 is rotated to enable the right three-jaw flexible clamp 11 to fix the right end of the root system.
2) The unidirectional tension meter 16 is controlled to retreat or advance by the rotation of the manual rocker 1-2, so that the root system 8 is stretched.
3) After the root system is straightened, the freeze-thaw chamber 6 is set to a temperature required for the test, and the test temperature is approved by an external display table 21-1 of the temperature sensor 21.
4) When the environment temperature in the freezing and thawing box (6) reaches the test requirement, the temperature is maintained for more than 30 minutes (ensuring that the root system obtains the test environment temperature), then, the manual rocker 1-2 is rocked, the tension meter moves to the right side, after the root system is tightened, the right side force measuring end of the tension meter starts to move, the manual rocker 1-2 is slowly rocked, the condition of the root system 8 is observed through the vacuum double-layer glass 22, and if the root system (8) breaks, the rocking of the manual rocker 1-2 is immediately stopped.
5) The one-way tension meter 16 is read and recorded. ,
6) The result is calculated according to the following formula: f (F) Pulling device ＝F Showing the -k.x
F Pulling device : the tensile resistance of the root system 8.
F Showing the : tension meter number
k: the spring rate of the spring, a known amount.
x: the compressed length of the spring.
And obtaining the tensile resistance of the broken root system and the temperature of the broken root system according to the calculation result and the temperature display result.
Claims (4)
1. The manual testing system for the tensile resistance of the frozen root system is characterized by comprising a freezing and thawing box (6) for controlling the testing temperature, a sample processing unit for performing stretching operation on the root system (8), a reading unit for reading test data and a force supply unit for providing stretching force;
the root system (8) is a vegetation root system with clean surfaces and no water drops;
the sample processing unit for stretching the root system (8) comprises a first three-jaw flexible clamp (7) and a second three-jaw flexible clamp (11) for fixing and protecting the root system (8), a first long nut (2-1) and a third long nut (2-3) for stretching and fixing the three-jaw flexible clamp, and a second steel wire (13-2) connected with the tail part of the second three-jaw flexible clamp (11) through a hook (14-1);
the first long nut (2-1) comprises a first screw (3-1), the left side of the first screw (3-1) is fixedly connected with a first manual rocking rod (1-1) penetrating through a hole on the left side of the freezing and thawing box (6), and the first screw (3-1) can be driven to move left and right in the fixed first long nut (2-1) through rotation of the first manual rocking rod (1-1);
the root protecting arm (7-2) of the first three-jaw flexible clamp (7) is rotationally connected to the first long nut (2-1) through a pin, the root protecting arm (7-2) is connected with the bearing outer ring (5-1) of the bearing (5) through a steel wire traction wire (7-1), the bearing inner ring (5-2) of the bearing (5) is fixedly connected with a cylindrical iron rod (26) fixedly connected with the head of the first screw rod (3-1), and the left and right movement of the first screw rod (3-1) can drive the folding and unfolding of the first three-jaw flexible clamp (7);
the third long nut (2-3) is connected with the second three-jaw flexible clamp (11), the third long nut (2-3) internally comprises a third screw (3-3), the third screw moves left and right with the first screw (3-1) to drive the opening and closing arrangement structure of the first three-jaw flexible clamp (7) to be consistent, and the left and right movement of the third screw (3-3) can also drive the opening and closing of the root protecting arm of the second three-jaw flexible clamp (11);
the left side of the freezing and thawing box (6) is provided with a hole for fixing the first long nut (2-1), the right side of the freezing and thawing box is provided with a hole for passing through the steel wire rope (13), and the right side hole is provided with a sealing rubber ring (4-2) for sealing; a first chute (10-1) is also arranged in the freeze thawing box (6), a pulley (9-1) is arranged on the first chute (10-1), and the pulley (9-1) is fixedly connected with a second three-jaw flexible clamp (11), so that the second three-jaw flexible clamp (11) can freely slide left and right through the pulley (9-1) by depending on the first chute (10-1); the upper part of the middle of the freezing and thawing box (6) is also provided with double-layer vacuum glass (22) for observing the stretching condition of root systems; the first three-jaw flexible clamp (7) and the second three-jaw flexible clamp (11) clamp the root system (8) in the freeze-thawing box (6), the freeze-thawing box (6) can enable the root system (8) to be in a constant temperature state, and the tensile resistance of the root system (8) is not influenced by temperature fluctuation;
the reading unit comprises a test temperature reading unit and a root system tensile resistance reading unit, the test temperature reading unit comprises a temperature sensor (21) and an external display meter (21-1), the temperature sensor (21) is connected with the external display meter (21-1) through a wire, and the display meter (21-1) can display temperature data in a freezing and thawing box (6) transmitted by the temperature sensor (21); the root system tensile strength reading unit comprises a one-way tension meter (15), a tension meter fixing frame (16) with a pulley at the bottom and a second chute (10-2) for providing a slideway, wherein the one-way tension meter (15) is fixed on the tension meter fixing frame (16) with the pulley at the bottom, and the tension meter fixing frame (16) is arranged on the second chute (10-2), so that the one-way tension meter (15) can slide left and right;
the force supply unit comprises a non-bendable steel wire rope (17), a special bolt roller bearing (27), a second long nut (2-2), a second screw (3-2), a second manual rocking rod (1-2) and a fixing frame (20); the second screw rod (3-2) is arranged in the second long nut (2-2), the second long nut (2-2) is fixed on the fixing frame (20), the right side of the second screw rod (3-2) is fixedly connected with the second manual rocking rod (1-2), when the second manual rocking rod (1-2) is rotated, the second screw rod (3-2) can freely move in the second long nut (2-2), the left side of the second screw rod (3-2) is fixedly connected with the special bolt roller bearing (27), the left side of the special bolt roller bearing (27) is fixedly connected with the non-bendable steel wire rope (17), the right side of the special bolt roller bearing (27) can rotate along with the rotation of the second screw rod (3-2), the left side of the special bolt roller bearing is kept consistent with the non-bendable steel wire rope (17), the second screw rod is not rotated, and the unidirectional tension meter (15) can only move left and right in the stretching or shrinking process without rotation.
2. The manual testing system for the tensile force resistance of the frozen root system according to claim 1, wherein a spring (19) is arranged between the reading unit of the tensile force resistance of the root system and the force supply unit, the left end of the spring (19) is fixed on the right side of the tension meter fixing frame (16), the right end of the spring is fixed on the second sliding groove (10-2), when the unidirectional tension meter (15) receives the rightward tension force of the force supply unit, and after the root system (8) is broken under the action of the force, the spring (19) can prevent the tension meter fixing frame (16) from sliding rightward, so that the reading of the tension meter is more accurate.
3. The manual frozen root system tensile strength testing system according to claim 1, wherein handles are arranged on two sides of the tail of the third screw rod (3-3) to rotate the third screw rod (3-3); meanwhile, the center of the tail part of the third screw rod (3-3) is provided with a first steel wire (13-1), and the tail part of the first steel wire (13-1) is provided with a hook (14-1), so that the third screw rod is easy to connect with a second steel wire (13-2).
4. A method of testing a manual frozen root system tensile testing system as recited in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
1) Preparing a cleaned root system (8) without water, shaking a first manual shaking rod (1-1) to enable a left side first three-jaw flexible clamp (7) to fix the left end of the root system, and rotating a third screw (3-3) in a third long nut (2-3) to enable a right side second three-jaw flexible clamp (11) to fix the right end of the root system;
2) The unidirectional tension meter (15) is controlled to retreat or advance by the rotation of the second manual rocking rod (1-2) so as to realize the stretching of the root system (8);
3) Setting the freezing and thawing box (6) to be the temperature required by the test after the root system is straightened, and approving the test temperature through an external display table (21-1) of the temperature sensor (21);
4) When the environmental temperature in the freezing and thawing box (6) reaches the test requirement, maintaining for more than 30 minutes, ensuring that the root system obtains the test environmental temperature, then shaking the second manual rocking rod (1-2) to the right side so as to enable the tension meter to move, after the root system is tensed, starting the movement of the right side force measuring end of the tension meter, slowly shaking the second manual rocking rod (1-2), observing the condition of the root system (8) through double-layer vacuum glass (22), and immediately stopping shaking the second manual rocking rod (1-2) if the root system (8) is broken;
5) Reading and recording an indication of a unidirectional tension meter (15);
6) The result is calculated according to the following formula: f (F) Pulling device =F Showing the -k·x；
F Pulling device : the tensile resistance of the root system (8);
F showing the : a tension meter is used for displaying the number;
k: spring rate, known amount;
x: the compressed length of the spring;
and obtaining the tensile resistance of the broken root system and the temperature of the broken root system according to the calculation result and the temperature display result.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101603899A (en) * | 2009-07-14 | 2009-12-16 | 昆明理工大学 | Field portable experiment system for tensile mechanical property of plant root system |
| CN201464279U (en) * | 2009-07-14 | 2010-05-12 | 昆明理工大学 | Portable field test system for tensile mechanical property of plant roots |
| CN104655488A (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2015-05-27 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Simple method for determining tensile strength of plant root systems |
| CN206710282U (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-12-05 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of mechanics test device suitable for small-sized berry |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108088748B (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2019-04-05 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of the steel strand wires pull-out test device and application method of integral retaining |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101603899A (en) * | 2009-07-14 | 2009-12-16 | 昆明理工大学 | Field portable experiment system for tensile mechanical property of plant root system |
| CN201464279U (en) * | 2009-07-14 | 2010-05-12 | 昆明理工大学 | Portable field test system for tensile mechanical property of plant roots |
| CN104655488A (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2015-05-27 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Simple method for determining tensile strength of plant root systems |
| CN206710282U (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-12-05 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of mechanics test device suitable for small-sized berry |
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