CN201464279U - Portable field test system for tensile mechanical property of plant roots - Google Patents

Portable field test system for tensile mechanical property of plant roots Download PDF

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Publication number
CN201464279U
CN201464279U CN2009201116620U CN200920111662U CN201464279U CN 201464279 U CN201464279 U CN 201464279U CN 2009201116620 U CN2009201116620 U CN 2009201116620U CN 200920111662 U CN200920111662 U CN 200920111662U CN 201464279 U CN201464279 U CN 201464279U
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China
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root system
sensor
clamping device
pulling force
test
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Expired - Lifetime
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CN2009201116620U
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Chinese (zh)
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张云伟
王岩
朱惠斌
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The utility model discloses a portable field test system for the tensile mechanical property of plant roots, comprising a mechanical installation, a test system, a notebook computer and test recording software, wherein the mechanical installation comprises a fixed framework, a vertical guiding and towing mechanism and a root clamping mechanism; the test system comprises a left infrared distance measurement sensor, a right infrared distance measurement sensor, a tension sensor, a tension transmitter, a data acquisition card and a sensor power module; a plant root can be clamped by an upper clamping mechanism and a lower clamping mechanism of the root clamping mechanism, when the upper lamping mechanism is upwards lifted, the tension and the deformation of the root can be tested by the test system and transmitted to the portable notebook computer, and a test signal can be analyzed, stored and recorded by the test recording software. All parts of the mechanical installation of the system can be detached into parts or single parts so as to facilitate being carried, reduce the space and be convenient to transport to the site needing the tensile mechanical property of roots for testing the tensile strength, the deformation, the strain and the tensile elastic modulus.

Description

Field portable experiment system for tensile mechanical property of plant root system
Technical field
The utility model relates to the experimental system that a kind of applying electronic measuring technology is tested system for tensile mechanical property of plant root, but be particularly related to the portable experimental system of under a kind of lowered in field environment system for tensile mechanical property of plant root being carried out on-the-spot test, belong to the Electronic Testing Technology field.
Background technology
The soil erosion in plateau, area, mountain region, disasters such as face of land soil erosion, landslide, rubble flow are comparatively serious geologic hazards phenomenons of occurring in nature.At present; root system of plant fixation mechanism has been carried out research in depth both at home and abroad; utilize vegetation protection, firm slope to become a kind of important means of implementing the ecological revetment engineering; wherein; root system of plant is a key factor improving soil erosion environment, often has the irreplaceable effect of overground part branch aspect stable soil structure, raising soil impact resistance, the control soil erosion.Huge vegetation root system is very crucial to the soil fixing; having on the slope of vegetation growth; if the shallow-layer soil body comes down; except the powerful shearing resistance effect opposing soil body landslide of the vertical root system of vegetation; the axial stretch-proof effect of horizontal root system is also extremely important; in addition; when the soil body comes down; the root system of vertical shearing resistance is also extracted from soil usually to be broken; and seldom cut off; therefore; axial stretch-proof mechanics characteristic to vegetation root system is tested; comprise its axial tensile-strength of test; axial deformation; strain; parameters such as tensile modulus of elasticity are that the fixing effect of all kinds of vegetation root systems to soil calculated in quantitative test, select the important foundation of suitable vegetation pattern for domatic protection and water and soil conservation.Yet, up to now, owing to lack the Special Equipment that the stretch-proof mechanics characteristic of root system of plant is tested, the mankind are to the test of the stretch-proof mechanics characteristic of root system of plant, adopt simple tools such as hand vice or engineering clamp to hold the root system two ends mostly, the tester applies pulling force by hand-held tautness meter root system is broken, and is breaking moment manual observation record maximum pull.On the one hand, test process needs many people's operations, wastes time and energy, and manual observation record maximum pull has than mistake, and measurement result is inaccurate, can not write down the corresponding relation that pulling force and root system of plant are out of shape; On the other hand, in afterburner process, lack reliable augmentor, by the direct acting pulling force of staff is limited, unsettled, be difficult to guarantee that pulling force axially slowly evenly loads along root system, also may produce twisting resistance, be unfavorable for the actual conditions of the axial stretch-proof of true objectively reflection root system of plant, precision of test result can not be guaranteed, the demand of a large amount of root system tests can not be satisfied.If utilize the existing extension test equipment of other material, stretcher as steel part, because these equipment all are large-scale specialized equipments, can not move to field condition, therefore, be difficult in the open air the scene and carry out root system of plant stretch-proof experiment test, need that the laboratory is taken back in the root system of plant collection and test, this test is owing to break away from the actual environment of plant growth thereby be worth greatly and reduce.On the one hand, it is limited gathering the root system sample of returning, not on-the-spot in the open air abundant, and root system of plant is taken back the laboratory from remote field condition, because the time of being unearthed is long, cause the root system dehydration to become dry easily, stretch-proof mechanics characteristic variations, test result can not reflect its truth in soil; On the other hand, these large-scale special-purpose experimental facilitiess are not at the clamping device of root system, and are bad the root folder easily, reduce experiment success rate.Therefore develop a kind of experimental provision that can test the vegetation root system mechanical characteristic, particularly can lowered in field environment under the portable experimental system of on-the-spot test vegetation root system mechanical characteristic extremely urgent and important meaning is arranged.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model, be needs, a kind of simple in structure, easy to use and carry, on-the-spot root system of plant mechanical property testing system that system for tensile mechanical property of plant root (comprising tensile strength, distortion, strain, tensile modulus of elasticity) is accurately tested of plant growth in the open air be provided at scientific research of root system of plant soil and slope protection and experiment test.
The purpose of this utility model is achieved in that this experimental system is made up of mechanical hook-up, test macro, notebook computer 29 and test record software 30.Described mechanical hook-up comprises: by the fixed frame that frame base 1, framework pillar 2, V font guide rail 3, frame top 4, pedestal levelling bolt 15 are formed, wherein, there is a through hole at described frame top 4 centers; Lifting table 12, hook 10, traction screw 7, the vertically-guided haulage gear formed of traction pedestal 5 of angle sheave are housed by two outsides, wherein, described traction pedestal 5 is made of bearing support block 21, taper roll bearing 22, runner 23, and described runner 23 central axial direction have internal thread through hole; By the root system clamping device that last clamping device 11 with identical structure and following clamping device 13 are formed, upper and lower clamping device by about two identical and clamping faces U type grip block 16,17 and clamping nut 18, blind bolt 19 in opposite directions form; Described test macro is made of left and right infrared distance sensor 24,25, pulling force sensor 9, pulling force transmitter 26, data collecting card 28, sensor electrical source module 27.
Its position and annexation are: framework pillar 2 lower ends are fixed on the frame base 1 by lower end coupling bolt 14, fixedly connected with frame top 4 by upper end coupling bolt 8 in its upper end, the three is connected to one, pedestal levelling bolt 15 is located at base bottom surface, and two V font guide rails 3 are parallel and relatively be loaded on framework pillar 2 inboards; Be loaded on the angle sheave 20 in 12 liang of outsides of lifting table, can be in the track of the V word guide rail 3 of framework pillar 2 inboards scroll-up/down, the cable wire of lifting table 12 upper ends is connected with the lower end of pulling force sensor 9 by hook 10, the upper end of pulling force sensor 9 connects traction screw 7, the bearing support block 21 usefulness set bolts 6 of traction pedestal 5 are fixed on the center of frame top 4, and be connected by the inner ring of interference fit with taper roll bearing 22, runner 23 lower ends are connected by the outer ring of interference fit with taper roll bearing 22; Traction screw 7 passes from runner 23 center screws, constitutes the nut-screw auxiliary connection with screw; Last clamping device 11 is installed on the lifting table 12 of vertically-guided haulage gear, following clamping device 13 is installed on the frame base 1 of fixed frame, two U type grip block 16,17 clamping faces are installed in opposite directions about upper and lower clamping device, 16,17 of two U type grip blocks connect with fishbolt 18, and U type grip block 16,17 openends have blind bolt 19; Left and right infrared distance sensor 24 and 25 is that the center is symmetrically arranged in the bottom surface of frame top 4 with traction screw 7; The input end of pulling force transmitter 26 is connected with the signal output part of pulling force sensor 9, its output terminal and left and right infrared distance sensor 24 are connected with data collecting card 28 input ends with 25, data collecting card 28 output terminals are connected with notebook computer 29, and test record software 30 is contained in the notebook computer 29.Sensor electrical source module 27 provides direct supply for sensor.
The each several part of native system mechanical hook-up can be split as each parts or single-piece, to be convenient for carrying and to reduce bulk; The runner upper end is processed as nut shape, is convenient to rotate with spanner.
The using method and the principle of work of the utility model field portable experiment system for tensile mechanical property of plant root system are: this experimental system the place of desiring the measuring plants root system prop up set up after, it is vertical with surface level to utilize the pedestal levelling bolt that fixed frame is adjusted to V word guide rail, to ensure of the track vertically lifting of the angle sheave of lifting table by its both sides of study along framework pillar inboard V font guide rail. after the root system that will treat measuring plants digs, two some positions that are one by one are sandwiched in respectively on clamping device 11 and the following clamping device 13, and tighten fishbolt to clamp the root system of plant between grip block, with spanner along clockwise direction gently the nut of rotating wheel 23 tops drive traction screw 7 and upwards produce and move axially, thereby drive the V font guide rail 3 scrolling realization vertical uplift of lifting table 12 along the column inboard, just be straightened until root system, diameter with vernier caliper measurement root system centre position, measure root system last with ruler, length between two bites obtains the length before root system stretches down. continue nut with spanner rotating wheel 23 tops, make lifting table 12 continue to rise, on, producing pulling force between the following clamping device stretches to root system. because traction pedestal centre bearer supporting seat, taper roll bearing, the structural design of runner three parts, lifting table both sides angle sheave is subjected to the guide effect of the inboard V font of framework pillar track in addition, when having guaranteed that rotating wheel stretches to root system, even under the very big situation of pulling force, traction screw can keep VTOL (vertical take off and landing), the root system of surveying only is subjected to the effect of axial tension, and not can along with runner rotate cause root system in the process that stretches by torque failure. test macro is by infrared distance sensor, pulling force sensor, the pulling force transmitter, data collecting card, the sensor electrical source module constitutes. because the rigidity of fixed frame and vertically-guided haulage gear is far longer than root system of plant, in the process that root system of plant is stretched, measure lifting table with infrared distance sensor and can obtain the deflection that plant is drawn high to the vertical range variation of frame top bottom, for fear of lifting table slight inclination is arranged in the horizontal direction, with the draw bolt center two infrared distance sensors that are symmetrically arranged in the bottom surface of frame top, the variable in distance mean value that records with two infrared distance sensors is as root system of plant stretcher strain amount. and data collecting card adopts 12 multichannel A/D converters, the sensor electrical source module is made up of chargeable small battery, for sensor provides direct supply. test record software QTC300 is independently developed software, be installed on the notebook computer, root system is subjected in the record experimentation pulling force and root system deflection, and the prompting survey crew is by dialog box input root system diameter, length before root system stretches, automatically calculate the tensile strength of root system then, strain and tensile modulus of elasticity, its computing method are: (1) obtains the tensile strength of root system with the maximum pull in the root system drawing process divided by the root system sectional area, and the root system sectional area can be calculated by the root system diameter; (2) length before stretching divided by root system with the root system maximum deformation quantity can obtain the maximum strain of root system; (3) can estimate the tensile modulus of elasticity of root system divided by the maximum strain of root system with the tensile strength of root system.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are: because the assembling simple in structure and detachable of this experimental system, carry out system for tensile mechanical property of plant root parameter on-the-spot test experiment so can be carried to the field easily, guaranteed the integrality of the abundant and test of test sample book, avoided the root system of plant collection returned behind the laboratory because to break away from the soil time of its growth long, produce the negative consequence of test deviation thereby cause root system tensile strength to change, but and the real time record experimental result, thereby can reflect the actual mechanics situation of open-air root system of plant exactly; And, follow the movement tendency that runner rotates thereby reduced traction screw because the structural design of traction pedestal centre bearer supporting seat, taper roll bearing, runner three parts has reduced the frictional resistance when rotating wheel applies axial tensile force to root system greatly; Lifting table both sides angle sheave is subjected to the guide effect of the inboard V font of framework pillar track in addition, when having guaranteed that rotating wheel stretches to root system, even under the very big situation of pulling force, traction screw can keep VTOL (vertical take off and landing), the root system of surveying only is subjected to the effect of axial tension, and not can along with runner rotate cause root system in the process that stretches by torque failure, since can by runner uniform and stable to the root system of plant loading that stretches vertically, for the accurately numerical value of test plants root system tensile strength provides assurance, improved the reliability of root system of plant tensile strength test experiments.Because native system is simple to operate, dispose computer testing system, can carry out real time record to experimental result, and calculate parameters such as root system tensile strength, strain, tensile modulus of elasticity automatically by computing machine, alleviated laboratory strength and workload greatly, be convenient to the mechanical characteristic of a large amount of root systems is carried out the quick experiment test.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural drawing of the utility model mechanical hook-up;
Fig. 2 is the structural drawing of upper and lower clamping device 11,13 among Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the structural drawing of mark 12 lifting tables among Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is the structural drawing of mark 5 traction pedestals among Fig. 1;
Fig. 5 is that the A of mark 4 among Fig. 1 schemes to the part, indicates the riding position of infrared distance sensor;
Fig. 6 is the connection block diagram of test macro.
Respectively be labeled as among the figure: 1, frame base, 2, framework pillar, 3, V font guide rail, 4, frame top, 5, the traction pedestal, 6, set bolt, 7, traction screw, 8, the upper end coupling bolt, 9, pulling force sensor, 10, hook, 11, last clamping device, 12, lifting table, 13, following clamping device, 14, the lower end coupling bolt, 15, the pedestal levelling bolt, 16,17, clamping device U type grip block, 18, the clamping device fishbolt, 19, blind bolt, 20, angle sheave, 21, bearing support block, 22, taper roll bearing, 23, runner, 24,25, infrared distance sensor, 26, the pulling force transmitter, 27, the sensor electrical source module, 28, data collecting card, 29, notebook computer, 30, test record software.
Embodiment
The utility model is described in further detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Embodiment: referring to Fig. 1,2,3,4,5,6, before the experiment test, at first will re-assembly for being convenient for carrying the experimental system mechanical hook-up each several part of having dismantled, framework pillar 2 lower ends are fixed on the frame base 1 by lower end coupling bolt 14, fixedly connected with frame top 4 by upper end coupling bolt 8 in its upper end, the three is connected to one, adjust the level of frame with base bottom surface levelling bolt 15, the bearing support block 21 usefulness set bolts 6 of traction pedestal 5 are fixed on frame top 4 centers, bearing support block 21 is connected with taper roll bearing 22 inner rings by interference fit, runner 23 lower ends are connected with taper roll bearing 22 outer rings by interference fit, runner 23 central axial direction have through hole, through-hole wall is processed with internal thread, the outside nut shape that on runner, is processed as, be convenient to rotate with spanner, traction screw 7 passes from runner 23 center screws, form the nut-screw auxiliary connection with screw, the screw rotation will drive traction screw 7 generations and move axially, and use less power rotating wheel 23 just can obtain bigger axial force.Last clamping device 11 is installed on the lifting table 12, and following clamping device 13 is installed on the frame base 1.Steel wire hook on the lifting table is on hook 10, and hook 10 links to each other with pulling force sensor 9 lower ends, and pulling force sensor 9 upper ends link to each other with traction screw 7.Connect test macro, notebook computer.
The two ends up and down of root system of plant to be measured are respectively from last, two U type grip blocks 16 of following clamping device, 17 centre is passed, tighten fishbolt 18 respectively and can clamp the two ends up and down of root system of plant, in order to prevent U type grip block 16,17 come off from lifting table or pedestal, and reduce U type grip block 16,17 produce distortion in loading process, U type grip block 16,17 openends have blind bolt 19. at first, with spanner along clockwise direction gently the nut of rotating wheel 23 tops drive traction screw 7 and upwards produce and move axially, thereby drive the V font guide rail 3 scrolling realization vertical uplift of lifting table 12 along the column inboard, just be straightened until root system, diameter with vernier caliper measurement root system centre position, measure root system last with ruler, length between two bites obtains the length before root system stretches down. continue nut with spanner rotating wheel 23 tops, make lifting table 12 continue vertical uplift, and startup test record software 30 opening entry data. owing to clamping device 13 under the lower end quilt of root system of plant this moment is fixed on the frame base 1, and root system is straightened, when lifting table 12 moves up, 13 of last clamping device 11 and following clamping devices produce pulling force root system are stretched, broken until root system. because traction pedestal 5 centre bearer supporting seats 21, taper roll bearing 22, the structural design of runner 23 3 parts, lifting table 12 both sides angle sheaves are subjected to the guide effect of framework pillar 2 inboard V font guide rails 3 in addition, when having guaranteed that 23 pairs of root systems of rotating wheel stretch, even under the very big situation of pulling force, traction screw 7 can keep VTOL (vertical take off and landing), and not can along with runner 23 rotate cause root system in the process that stretches by torque failure. in the test process, measure the axial tension that root system is subjected to pulling force sensor 9, with the deflection in infrared distance sensor 24 and the 25 measurement root system of plant tension processes. referring to Fig. 6, the input end of pulling force transmitter 26 is connected with the signal output part of pulling force sensor 9, pulling force sensor 9 output signals are carried out processing and amplifying, the output terminal of pulling force transmitter 26 and a left side, right infrared distance sensor 24 and 25 is connected to data collecting card 28, data collecting card 28 adopts 12 multichannel A/D converters, pulling force sensor 9 signals and the left side of 28 pairs of analog quantitys of data collecting card, right infrared distance sensor 24,25 signals carry out being transferred to portable notebook computer 29 after the digitized sampling, and analyze and store recording by 30 pairs of signals of independently developed QTC300 test record software, automatically calculate the tensile strength of root system, strain and tensile modulus of elasticity. sensor electrical source module 27 is made up of chargeable small battery, for sensor provides direct supply. after the root system extension test is finished each time, with spanner in the counterclockwise direction the nut of rotating wheel 23 tops drive traction screw 7 and produce downwards and move axially, thereby drive V font guide rail 3 rollings of lifting table 12 along the column inboard, vertically drop to initial position, can carry out the mechanical characteristic of next root system measures. after all root system experiments of measuring are finished, for being convenient for carrying, can be with the vertically-guided haulage gear, the root system clamping device disassembles from fixed frame, then fixed frame is dismantled, be decomposed into each widget and carry respectively, reduce bulk.

Claims (3)

1. field portable experiment system for tensile mechanical property of plant root system, it is characterized in that: native system is made up of mechanical hook-up, test macro, notebook computer (29) and test record software (30); Described mechanical hook-up comprises: by the fixed frame that frame base (1), framework pillar (2), V font guide rail (3), frame top (4), pedestal levelling bolt (15) are formed, wherein, there is a through hole at described frame top (4) center; Lifting table (12), hook (10), traction screw 7, the vertically-guided haulage gear formed of traction pedestal 5 of angle sheave are housed by two outsides, wherein, described traction pedestal 5 is made of bearing support block (21), taper roll bearing (22), runner (23), and described runner (23) central axial direction has internal thread through hole; By the root system clamping device that last clamping device (11) with identical structure and following clamping device (13) are formed, clamping device by about two identical and clamping faces in opposite directions U type grip block (16), (17) and clamp nut (18), blind bolt (19) is formed; Described test macro is made of left and right infrared distance sensor (24), (25), pulling force sensor (9), pulling force transmitter (26), data collecting card (28), sensor electrical source module (27);
Its position and annexation are: framework pillar (2) lower end is fixed on the frame base (1) by lower end coupling bolt (14), fixedly connected with frame top (4) by upper end coupling bolt (8) in its upper end, the three is connected to one, pedestal levelling bolt (15) is located at base bottom surface, and two V font guide rails (3) are parallel and relatively be loaded on framework pillar (2) inboard; Be loaded on the angle sheave (20) in lifting table (12) two outsides, can be in the track of the inboard V word guide rail (3) of framework pillar (2) scroll-up/down, the cable wire of lifting table (12) upper end is connected with the lower end of pulling force sensor (9) by hook (10), the upper end of pulling force sensor (9) connects traction screw (7), the bearing support block (21) of traction pedestal 5 is fixed on the center of frame top (4) with set bolt (6), and be connected by the inner ring of interference fit with taper roll bearing (22), runner (23) lower end is connected by the outer ring of interference fit with taper roll bearing (22); Traction screw (7) passes from runner (23) center screw, constitutes the nut-screw auxiliary connection with screw; Last clamping device (11) is installed on the lifting table (12) of vertically-guided haulage gear, following clamping device (13) is installed on the frame base (1) of fixed frame, two U type grip blocks (16), (17) clamping face are installed in opposite directions about upper and lower clamping device, connect with fishbolt (18) between two U type grip blocks (16), (17), U type grip block (16), (17) openend have blind bolt (19); Left and right infrared distance sensor (24) and (25) are that the center is symmetrically arranged in the bottom surface of frame top (4) with traction screw (7); The input end of pulling force transmitter (26) is connected with the signal output part of pulling force sensor (9), its output terminal and left and right infrared distance sensor (24) are connected with data collecting card (28) input end with (25), data collecting card (28) output terminal is connected with notebook computer (29), test record software (30) is contained in the computer (29), and sensor electrical source module (27) provides direct supply for sensor.
2. field portable experiment system for tensile mechanical property of plant root system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the each several part of native system mechanical hook-up can be split as each parts or single-piece.
3. field portable experiment system for tensile mechanical property of plant root system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the runner upper end is processed as nut shape.
CN2009201116620U 2009-07-14 2009-07-14 Portable field test system for tensile mechanical property of plant roots Expired - Lifetime CN201464279U (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106768560A (en) * 2017-01-18 2017-05-31 三峡大学 A kind of device of the radial pressure of simulation rock crack and measurement root system in crack
CN113916679A (en) * 2021-09-30 2022-01-11 石河子大学 Automatic testing system and testing method for low-temperature root system tensile resistance
CN113916680A (en) * 2021-10-08 2022-01-11 石河子大学 Manual testing system and testing method for tensile resistance of frozen root system
CN114136214A (en) * 2021-12-02 2022-03-04 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防科技创新研究院 Displacement sensor based on double-rigidity square wave-shaped structure

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106768560A (en) * 2017-01-18 2017-05-31 三峡大学 A kind of device of the radial pressure of simulation rock crack and measurement root system in crack
CN106768560B (en) * 2017-01-18 2019-04-19 三峡大学 A kind of device of the radial pressure of simulation rock crack and measurement root system in crack
CN113916679A (en) * 2021-09-30 2022-01-11 石河子大学 Automatic testing system and testing method for low-temperature root system tensile resistance
CN113916679B (en) * 2021-09-30 2023-12-15 石河子大学 Automatic testing system and method for tensile resistance of low-temperature root system
CN113916680A (en) * 2021-10-08 2022-01-11 石河子大学 Manual testing system and testing method for tensile resistance of frozen root system
CN113916680B (en) * 2021-10-08 2023-10-27 石河子大学 Manual testing system and method for tensile resistance of frozen root system
CN114136214A (en) * 2021-12-02 2022-03-04 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防科技创新研究院 Displacement sensor based on double-rigidity square wave-shaped structure
CN114136214B (en) * 2021-12-02 2024-03-26 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防科技创新研究院 Displacement sensor based on double-rigidity square wave-shaped structure

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