CN113281417B - Nondestructive temperature change testing equipment and method for mechanical property of material - Google Patents

Nondestructive temperature change testing equipment and method for mechanical property of material Download PDF

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CN113281417B
CN113281417B CN202110708645.0A CN202110708645A CN113281417B CN 113281417 B CN113281417 B CN 113281417B CN 202110708645 A CN202110708645 A CN 202110708645A CN 113281417 B CN113281417 B CN 113281417B
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CN113281417A (en
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褚展鹏
陈江慧
霍福磊
刘跃明
金崇阳
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Linhai Weixing New Building Materials Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04Analysing solids
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04Analysing solids
    • G01N29/06Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
    • G01N29/0654Imaging
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/228Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details related to high temperature conditions
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/44Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
    • G01N29/449Statistical methods not provided for in G01N29/4409, e.g. averaging, smoothing and interpolation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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    • G01N2291/023Solids
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
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    • G01N2291/028Material parameters
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
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Abstract

The invention discloses nondestructive temperature change testing equipment for mechanical properties of materials, which comprises an external information and processing system and an integrated closed detection device, wherein the external information and processing system comprises: the ultrasonic wave probe comprises an oscilloscope, a pulse signal transceiver and an ultrasonic transducer, wherein the oscilloscope is used for displaying an ultrasonic echo image, the pulse signal transceiver is used for generating an electric pulse signal, the ultrasonic transducer is a probe used for transmitting ultrasonic waves and receiving echoes, and the speed of transverse waves and longitudinal waves is calculated by selecting waveforms with constant stable periods according to the echo image displayed by the oscilloscope; the integrated sealing detection device comprises: the test device comprises a shell part, a platform part and a transmission part, wherein the shell part is used for fixing the whole test system and providing a heat preservation and insulation function, the platform part is used for placing a test sample to be tested and rotating the test sample, and the transmission part is used for transmitting the platform part. The invention also provides a nondestructive temperature change testing method for the mechanical property of the material, which has the characteristics of no damage to the tested material, adjustable temperature, changeable sample, measurable three-dimensional mechanical property and the like.

Description

Nondestructive temperature change testing equipment and method for mechanical property of material
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of material detection, in particular to nondestructive temperature change testing equipment and a nondestructive temperature change testing method for mechanical properties of a material.
Background
At present in raw and other materials mechanical properties detection area, detection device adopts mechanical centre gripping, and the electric measurement mode such as extensometer is leading, and traditional detection device exists following a great deal of pain point, lacks a neotype material mechanical properties detection device.
The traditional detection device mainly takes a loading deformation mode as a main mode, a structural damage test is carried out on a sample to measure data, a contact type clamp easily causes uneven stress, stress concentration of a clamping part leads to inevitable error in integral measurement, and therefore a nondestructive detection mode is needed.
The mechanical property test of the high polymer material is usually carried out at normal temperature, but in the actual use process, the use working condition of the pipe is not limited to the normal temperature state, and the fluctuation range is possibly very large. For example, for PPR pipes, the problem of low-temperature brittle failure exists in winter use in northern areas; for some composite reinforced pipes, a high-temperature service working condition can exist, in addition, the fluctuation of mechanical properties of part of high polymer materials along with the temperature is large, and the mechanical property detection result at normal temperature cannot cover the working condition of the whole pipe service cycle, so a temperature-variable detection device is needed.
For partially anisotropic materials, such as glass fiber reinforced composite prepreg tapes required for RTP tubing, the mechanical properties are very different in all directions, so it is necessary to determine young's modulus and poisson ratio in three main directions, etc. The conventional uniaxial test is only suitable for homogeneous isotropic materials, but as the market of some reinforced composite pipes is gradually expanded, a device and a method for detecting the mechanical property of the anisotropic materials are also needed.
In the conventional mechanical property detection device, the measurement result usually represents the overall mechanical property of a single sample, but in the practical process, the material is not continuous and uniform, and even cracks and damages exist. The common testing device cannot measure the mechanical property indexes of all parts in the sample, and cannot avoid the influence of the internal damage of the material on the detection test, so that the testing device capable of detecting the mechanical properties of the sample at different positions is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem, the invention provides nondestructive temperature change testing equipment and method for mechanical property of materials.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the utility model provides a nondestructive temperature change test of material mechanics performance is equipped, includes external information and processing system and the airtight detection device of integration, and wherein external information and processing system include: the ultrasonic wave probe comprises an oscilloscope, a pulse signal transceiver and an ultrasonic transducer, wherein the oscilloscope is used for displaying an ultrasonic echo image, the pulse signal transceiver is used for generating an electric pulse signal, the ultrasonic transducer is a probe used for transmitting ultrasonic waves and receiving echo waves, comprises two types of transverse waves and longitudinal waves, and calculates the speed of the transverse waves and the speed of the longitudinal waves by selecting the waveform with a constant stable period according to the echo image displayed by the oscilloscope; the integrated seal detection device comprises: the test device comprises a shell part, a platform part and a transmission part, wherein the shell part is used for fixing the whole test system and providing a heat preservation and insulation function, the platform part is used for placing a sample to be tested and rotating the sample, and the transmission part is used for transmitting the platform part and can drive the sample to rotate by 270 degrees.
Further, the ultrasonic transducers are arranged in three directions perpendicular to each other, and the ultrasonic transducers are telescopic.
Further, the shell part includes lower part shell, upper portion shell, handle and alloy hinge, lower part shell and upper portion shell pass through alloy hinge swing joint, the upper portion shell still is equipped with visual cavity glass layer, adjusts the relative position of probe and sample in the convenient test.
Furthermore, a through hole is formed in the lower portion of the side wall of the lower shell, heated gas can enter the closed detection system through the through hole, and the temperature required by the closed detection system can be adjusted through the gas temperature.
Further, the platform part comprises bolt pressure head type quick clamp, test platform, transducer mount, hexagon socket head cap screw and rotary platform, bolt pressure head type quick clamp passes through the bolt setting on test platform for fix the sample, the transducer mount passes through hexagon socket head cap screw and fixes one side at test platform, test platform is used for placing sample and rotary sample, rotary platform realizes the 270 rotations in another normal direction through the transmission system of lower part.
Further, the transmission system comprises an upper transmission system and a lower transmission system, and the normal arrangement directions of the upper transmission system and the lower transmission system are different.
Further, lower part transmission system mainly comprises servo motor, gear wheel, pinion, parallel key, stop collar, bearing, axis of rotation, axle sleeve, axle and bottom hexagon socket head cap screw, servo motor fixes the lateral wall at the lower part shell through bottom hexagon socket head cap screw and axle for provide the turning force and drive the pinion and rotate, gear wheel and pinion intermeshing drive, and the gear wheel rotates and drives the axis of rotation through the parallel key and rotate on the bearing, thereby realizes the rotatable function of rotary platform 270 degrees, the stop collar is used for restricting rotary platform at the epaxial translation of rotation, the axle sleeve then is used for fixing and protection lower part rotating system.
Furthermore, the upper transmission system and the lower transmission system are similar in structure and are provided with a secondary small gear, a secondary large gear and a secondary servo motor for transmitting load force.
The invention also provides a nondestructive temperature change testing method for the mechanical property of the material, which comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting a sample with a certain specification; taking 3-5 test points and marking;
s2: fixing a sample by using a bolt head pressing type quick clamp, adding an ultrasonic coupling agent, adjusting the contact state of an ultrasonic transducer and the sample, adjusting an internal sealing device to the temperature required by the test, and keeping the temperature for a certain time;
s3: the wall thickness h can be directly obtained by limited induction of the ultrasonic transducer and the test platform, after the thermal expansion is fully developed, the relative position of the transducer and the test sample is adjusted to be fully contacted, the ultrasonic pulse signal transceiver is adjusted to ensure that the signal-to-noise ratio of ground echo is not lower than 10-15dB, the measurement is started, the transverse wave velocity Vs1 can be obtained according to the wall thickness h and the echo time t, and 3-5 test points are measured by adjusting the position of the transducer in the same way;
s4: preliminarily screening whether material defects exist in the test points or not according to the echo waveform displayed by the oscilloscope, calculating an arithmetic mean value of 3-5 test points in the step S3, listing the test points with fluctuation more than 10% of the mean value as failure points, and measuring the expected Vs of the cross wave velocity obtained after calculation again;
s5: changing a longitudinal wave transducer, measuring and calculating the position of the same test point to obtain the expected V of the velocity of the longitudinal wave L
S6: according to the wave velocity Vs and the wave velocity V of the longitudinal wave L Calculating the characterization parameters of the mechanical properties:
young's modulus E is calculated as follows, wherein rho is the density of the sample:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
the shear modulus G is calculated as follows:
Figure 417913DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
poisson's ratio μ can be calculated from Young's modulus E and shear modulus G:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
s7: for the anisotropic material, mechanical parameters in the other two directions need to be measured, the positions of the rotary platform and the ultrasonic transducer need to be adjusted to suitable positions for the same-principle test, and the device does not need to be opened again to fix the sample and heat the sample.
Preferably, the certain specification in step S1 means that the sample may be rectangular parallelepiped or other irregular shape, but the thickness along the testing direction is consistent, the thickness direction is greater than 5 times of the ultrasonic wave length, and the holding time in step S2 is 2 min.
According to the device and the method, the transverse wave velocity and the longitudinal wave velocity of the ultrasonic waves in the sample are measured, various mechanical properties of the material are deduced through the wave elasticity theory, the sample is not damaged, the influence on the material performance in the force loading process is effectively avoided, and whether defects exist in the material or not can be determined through the echo image, so that the defect position can be better avoided, and the test precision is improved.
The material performance characterization difference of the material at high temperature and low temperature is large, and in order to meet the test conditions under different temperature working conditions, an independent closed structure is formed inside the device, and a temperature control device is added, so that the requirement can be well met.
Because extreme working conditions such as high temperature, low temperature and the like may exist in the test, manual adjustment of the position of the sample and generation and receiving of the ultrasonic wave are not feasible, and the coordination of the sample and the probe in space can be realized by the rotating mechanical systems of the two platforms in the test and the telescopic probe, so that the requirement of displacement at any time is met.
The traditional tensile mechanical property test can only carry out unidirectional tensile, compression or bending test, when the anisotropic material needs to be measured, the size in a part of directions is difficult to meet the test requirement (for example, the size in the length direction of the glass fiber prepreg tape can be measured, but the size in the thickness direction is small and difficult to fix and load), but the test system can be used for measuring the size which is 5 times larger than the ultrasonic wave length theoretically, a complicated loading device and a stress strain sensing device of the traditional mechanical detection device are removed, and the structure is lighter.
In conclusion, the nondestructive temperature change testing equipment and the nondestructive temperature change testing method for the mechanical property of the material have the characteristics of no damage to the tested material, adjustable temperature, changeable sample, measurable three-dimensional mechanical property and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a test rig according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a test rig according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal test part of the test apparatus of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. an oscilloscope; 2. a pulse signal transceiver; 3. a lower housing; 4. a secondary pinion gear; 5. a sub-servo motor; 6. a secondary bull gear; 7. an upper housing; 8. a handle; 9. a bolt head pressing type quick clamp; 10. a test platform; 11. an ultrasonic transducer; 12. a transducer mount; 13. a hexagon socket head cap screw; 14 rotating the platform; 15. a bull gear; 16. a pinion gear; 17. alloy hinges; 18. a flat bond; 19. a limiting sleeve; 20. a bearing; 21. a rotating shaft; 22. a shaft sleeve; 23. a shaft; 24. a hexagon socket head cap screw at the bottom; 25. a servo motor.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "comprises" and "comprising," and any variations thereof, in the description and claims of the present invention and the above-described drawings, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
As shown in figures 1-3, a nondestructive temperature-dependent testing device for mechanical properties of materials is mainly composed of an external information and processing system and an integrated closed testing system.
Wherein the external information and processing system comprises: the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus comprises an oscilloscope 1, a pulse signal transceiver 2 and an ultrasonic transducer 11, wherein the ultrasonic transducer 11 is a probe for transmitting ultrasonic waves and receiving echo waves, and comprises two types of transverse waves and longitudinal waves. The pulse signal transceiver 2 is responsible for generating an electric pulse signal, transmitting the electric pulse signal to the ultrasonic transducer 11 through a connecting wire to transmit ultrasonic waves, playing a role in amplifying echo and filtering, finally displaying an echo image on the oscilloscope 1, and calculating the speed of transverse waves or longitudinal waves by selecting a waveform with a constant stable period.
The integrated closed detection device comprises a shell part, a platform part and a transmission part.
Wherein the shell part contains lower part shell 3, upper portion shell 7, handle 8 and alloy hinge 17, and its main function of shell part is fixed whole test system and provides the thermal-insulated function of heat preservation, and wherein lower part shell 3 and upper portion shell 7 pass through alloy hinge 17 swing joint, and upper portion shell 7 still designs the visual cavity glass layer, adjusts the relative position of probe and sample in the convenient test. The lower part of the side wall of the lower shell 3 is provided with a through hole, heated gas can enter the closed detection system through the through hole, and the temperature required by the closed detection system can be adjusted through the gas temperature.
The platform part comprises bolt pressure head type quick clamp 9, test platform 10, transducer mount 12, hexagon socket head cap screw 13 and rotary platform 14, wherein bolt pressure head type quick clamp 9 passes through the bolt fastening on test platform 10, and is easy and simple to handle, owing to need not tensile or crooked loading of class power, consequently this bolt pressure head type quick clamp only need provide certain clamp force can, little and swift convenience to the influence of sample local stress. The transducer fixing frame 12 is fixed on the testing platform 10 through the hexagon socket head cap screw 13, the testing platform 10 mainly has the functions of placing a sample and rotating the sample, wherein the rotating function is realized through the lower transmission part, the sample can be driven to rotate by 270 degrees, and the measurement of a plurality of testing surfaces of the sample is considered. The rotary platform realizes 270-degree rotation in the other normal direction mainly through a transmission system at the lower part, and three-dimensional mechanical property measurement of the anisotropic material sample is realized through the combination of the two rotating devices and three telescopic ultrasonic transducers.
Wherein, the transmission system comprises an upper transmission system and a lower transmission system which are the same, and the arrangement directions of the normals are different. The lower transmission system comprises a servo motor 25, a gearwheel (rotary platform) 15, a pinion (rotary platform) 16, a flat key 18, a stop collar 19, a bearing 20, a rotating shaft 21, a shaft sleeve 22, a shaft 23 and a bottom hexagon socket head cap screw 24, wherein the servo motor 25 is fixed on the side wall of the lower shell 3 through the bottom hexagon socket head cap screw 24 and the shaft 23 and is responsible for providing rotating force to drive the pinion 16 (rotary platform) to rotate, the gearwheel 15 and the pinion 16 are meshed with each other to be driven, the gearwheel 15 rotates and drives the rotating shaft 21 to rotate on the bearing 20 through the flat key 18, and therefore the 270-degree rotation function of the rotary platform is achieved, the stop collar 19 limits the translation of the rotary platform 14 on the rotating shaft 21, and the shaft sleeve 22 plays a role in fixing and protecting the lower rotary system.
A nondestructive temperature change testing method for mechanical properties of materials comprises the following steps:
s1: a sample is given, the sample in the embodiment is selected to be a cuboid or an irregular shape, but the thickness along the testing direction needs to be consistent, the thickness direction is more than 5 times of the ultrasonic wave length, 3-5 testing points are taken and marked.
S2: fixing a sample, adding a coupling agent, adjusting the contact state of the transducer and the sample, adjusting the internal sealing device to the temperature required by the test, and keeping the temperature for 2 minutes.
S3: the wall thickness h can be directly obtained by limited induction of the ultrasonic transducer and the test platform, after the thermal expansion is fully developed, the relative position of the transducer and the test sample is adjusted to be fully contacted, an ultrasonic pulse signal transceiver is adjusted to enable the signal-to-noise ratio of ground echo to be not lower than 10-15dB, the measurement is started, the transverse wave velocity Vs1 can be obtained according to the wall thickness h and the echo time t (preferably more than three echo periods), and 3-5 test points are measured by adjusting the position of the heat exchanger in the same way.
S4: and preliminarily screening whether material defects exist in the test points or not according to the echo waveform, calculating an arithmetic average value of the 3-5 test points, taking the points with fluctuation more than 10% of the average value as failure points, and re-measuring the expected Vs of the cross wave velocity obtained after calculation.
S5: changing a longitudinal wave transducer, measuring and calculating the position of the same test point to obtain the expected V of the velocity of the longitudinal wave L
S6: according to the wave velocity Vs and the wave velocity V of the longitudinal wave L Calculating the characterization parameters of the mechanical properties:
young's modulus E is calculated as follows, wherein rho is the density of the sample:
Figure 91471DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
the shear modulus G is calculated as follows:
Figure 760479DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
poisson's ratio μ can be calculated from Young's modulus E and shear modulus G:
Figure 898200DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
s7: for anisotropic materials, mechanical parameters in the other two directions need to be measured, the platform and the transducer need to be adjusted to appropriate positions for the same test, and the device does not need to be opened again to fix a sample and heat up.
The nondestructive temperature-changing testing method for the mechanical property of the material has the characteristics of no damage to the tested material, adjustable temperature, changeable sample, measurable three-dimensional mechanical property and the like.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides a nondestructive alternating temperature testing arrangement of material mechanics performance, includes external information and processing system and the airtight detection device of integration, its characterized in that, external information and processing system include: the ultrasonic echo signal generating device comprises an oscilloscope (1) for displaying an ultrasonic echo image, a pulse signal transceiver (2) for generating an electric pulse signal, and an ultrasonic transducer (11) which is a probe for transmitting ultrasonic waves and receiving echoes and comprises two types of transverse waves and longitudinal waves; according to an echo image displayed by an oscilloscope, the speed of transverse waves and longitudinal waves is calculated by selecting the waveform with a constant stable period; the integrated seal detection device includes: the test system comprises a shell part, a platform part and a transmission part, wherein the shell part is used for fixing the whole test system and providing a heat preservation and insulation function, the platform part is used for placing a sample for testing and rotating the sample, and the transmission part is used for transmitting the platform part and can drive the sample to rotate by 270 degrees; the platform part comprises bolt pressure head type quick clamp (9), test platform (10), transducer mount (12), hexagon socket head cap screw (13) and rotary platform (14), bolt pressure head type quick clamp (9) is through the bolt setting on test platform for fix the sample, one side at test platform (10) is fixed through hexagon socket head cap screw (13) in transducer mount (12), test platform (10) are used for placing sample and rotary sample, rotary platform (14) realize the 270 rotation in another normal direction through the transmission system of lower part.
2. The device for the non-destructive temperature change test of the mechanical property of materials according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic transducer (11) is provided with three, respectively arranged in three directions perpendicular to each other, and the ultrasonic transducer (11) is telescopic.
3. The device for testing the temperature-variable performance without the damage to the mechanical property of the material according to claim 1, wherein the shell part comprises a lower shell (3), an upper shell (7), a handle (8) and an alloy hinge (17), the lower shell (3) and the upper shell (7) are movably connected through the alloy hinge (17), and the upper shell (7) is further provided with a visual hollow glass layer to facilitate the adjustment of the relative position of the probe and the sample in the test.
4. The apparatus for nondestructive testing of mechanical properties of materials according to claim 1, wherein said transmission system comprises an upper transmission system and a lower transmission system, and the normal arrangement directions of said upper transmission system and said lower transmission system are different.
5. The device for testing the temperature-variable performance without damage to the mechanical properties of the materials as claimed in claim 4, wherein the lower transmission system mainly comprises a servo motor (25), a large gear (15), a small gear (16), a flat key (18), a stop collar (19), a bearing (20), a rotating shaft (21), a shaft sleeve (22), a shaft (23) and a bottom hexagon socket head cap screw (24), the servo motor (25) is fixed on the side wall of the lower housing through the bottom hexagon socket head cap screw (24) and the shaft (23) and is used for providing a rotating force to drive the small gear (16) to rotate, the large gear (15) and the small gear (16) are meshed and driven with each other, the large gear (15) rotates to drive the rotating shaft (21) to rotate on the bearing (20) through the flat key (18), so that the rotating platform (14) can rotate at 270 degrees, and the stop collar (19) is used for limiting the translation of the rotating platform on the rotating shaft, the bushing (22) is used to secure and protect the lower rotating system.
6. The device for the non-destructive temperature change test of the mechanical properties of materials according to claim 5, wherein the upper transmission system and the lower transmission system are similar in structure and are provided with a secondary small gear (4) and a secondary large gear (6) and a secondary servo motor (5) for transmitting load force.
7. The device for the non-destructive temperature change test of the mechanical properties of materials according to claim 3, wherein a through hole is formed in the lower portion of the sidewall of the lower housing (3), and the heated gas can enter the closed detection system through the through hole, so that the temperature required by the closed detection system can be adjusted through the temperature of the gas.
8. A method for testing the nondestructive temperature change testing device of the mechanical property of the material according to any one of the claims 1 to 7, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: selecting a sample with a certain specification, taking 3-5 test points and marking;
s2: fixing a sample by using a bolt head pressing type quick clamp (9), adding an ultrasonic coupling agent, adjusting the contact state of an ultrasonic transducer (11) and the sample, adjusting the temperature of an internal sealing device required by the test, and keeping the temperature for a certain time;
s3: the wall thickness h can be directly obtained by the limited induction of the ultrasonic transducer (11) and the test platform, after the thermal expansion is fully developed, the relative position of the ultrasonic transducer (11) and the test sample is adjusted to be fully contacted, the ultrasonic pulse signal transceiver (2) is adjusted to ensure that the signal-to-noise ratio of ground echo is not lower than 10-15dB, the measurement is started, the transverse wave velocity Vs1 can be obtained according to the wall thickness h and the echo time t, and 3-5 test points are measured by adjusting the position of the ultrasonic transducer (11) in the same manner;
s4: preliminarily screening whether material defects exist in the test points or not according to the echo waveform displayed by the oscilloscope (1), calculating an arithmetic average value of 3-5 test points in the step S3, taking the points with fluctuation more than 10% of the average value as failure points, and re-measuring the expected Vs of the cross wave velocity obtained after calculation;
s5: changing a longitudinal wave transducer, measuring and calculating the position of the same test point to obtain the longitudinal waveWave velocity expectation V L
S6: according to the wave velocity Vs and the wave velocity V of the longitudinal wave L Calculating the characterization parameters of the mechanical properties: the Young's modulus E is calculated as follows, wherein rho is the density of the sample:
Figure FDA0003684024030000041
the shear modulus G is calculated as follows:
Figure FDA0003684024030000042
poisson's ratio μ can be calculated from Young's modulus E and shear modulus G:
Figure FDA0003684024030000043
step seven: for the anisotropic material, mechanical parameters in the other two directions need to be measured, the positions of the rotary platform and the ultrasonic transducer need to be adjusted to suitable positions for the same-principle test, and the device does not need to be opened again to fix the sample and heat the sample.
9. The method for testing the temperature-variable property without damage of the mechanical property of the material as claimed in claim 8, wherein the specification in the step S1 means that the sample can be a rectangular parallelepiped or other irregular shape, the thickness along the testing direction is consistent, the thickness direction is greater than 5 times of the ultrasonic wave length, and the heat preservation time in the step S2 is 2 min.
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