CN113916492B - Diaphragm-free shock tunnel throat device and test method thereof - Google Patents
Diaphragm-free shock tunnel throat device and test method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113916492B CN113916492B CN202111527158.0A CN202111527158A CN113916492B CN 113916492 B CN113916492 B CN 113916492B CN 202111527158 A CN202111527158 A CN 202111527158A CN 113916492 B CN113916492 B CN 113916492B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a diaphragm-free shock tunnel throat device and a test method thereof. The throat device comprises a driven section, a piston supporting section and a throat section; a piston ring is arranged in the piston supporting section, and the piston ring moves back and forth to form a moving cavity; the throat section is provided with an air inlet through hole on the circular tube-shaped air inlet cylinder which protrudes forwards, the front end is provided with a sealing head, the sealing head and the piston ring form a ball head conical surface line sealing structure, and the throat section is also provided with an inflation hole and a breathing hole which are communicated with the movable cavity. During testing, the piston ring is pushed by high-pressure test gas to move backwards, the gas in the moving cavity is discharged through the breathing hole, the piston ring impacts the front end face of the throat section, the ball head conical surface line sealing structure of the piston ring and the seal head fails, and the high-pressure test gas enters the shock tunnel throat through the air inlet through hole. The throat device and the test method are simple and reliable, have high test efficiency, and have small damage to the test model and the test sensors on the test model.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of shock tunnels, and particularly relates to a diaphragm-free shock tunnel throat device and a test method thereof.
Background
The reflection-type shock tunnel is a pulse-type tunnel which utilizes shock waves to compress test gas and generates hypersonic test airflow through the steady expansion of a spray pipe. The reflection-type shock tunnel is composed of a driving section, a driven section, a throat, a spray pipe, a test section and other sections which are sequentially connected, wherein the driving section and the driven section are separated by a main diaphragm, the driven section and the throat are separated by two diaphragms, high-pressure driving gas is filled in the driving section, test gas with lower pressure is filled in the driven section, the spray pipe and the test section are in a vacuum environment, and a test model is positioned in the test section.
When the reflection-type shock wave wind tunnel operates, after the main diaphragm is instantaneously cracked, an incident shock wave propagating to the downstream is generated in the driven section, so that the pressure, the temperature and the speed of initial test gas are increased, and two membranes are cracked; the incident shock wave generates a reflection shock wave at the entrance of the throat, and the test gas is compressed again to obtain the high-temperature, high-pressure and stagnant effective test gas. The effective test gas is expanded and accelerated through the throat and the spray pipe, and high-Mach-number test gas flow is obtained at the outlet of the spray pipe.
The main diaphragm and the secondary diaphragm are easy to generate slag and even flap drop under the action of airflow pressure in the instant cracking process and after being opened, and the diaphragm residues move downstream at high speed along with airflow, so that the throat and a test model are easily damaged. In addition, the duration of high-temperature, high-pressure and stagnant effective test gas generated at the spray pipe inlet of the reflection-type shock tunnel is short, the pressure of the driving gas flowing into the spray pipe after the effective test time is higher, the duration is longer, long-time scouring is caused on a test sensor on a test model, and the service life of the test sensor is shortened.
Currently, there is a need to develop a diaphragm-free shock tunnel throat device and a test method thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a diaphragm-free shock tunnel throat device, and the invention aims to solve the other technical problem of providing a test method of the diaphragm-free shock tunnel throat device.
The invention discloses a diaphragm-free shock tunnel throat device, which is characterized by comprising three pipe sections which are sequentially connected from front to back according to the airflow flowing direction: the inner diameter of the driven section is the same as that of the piston supporting section, a shock tunnel throat is arranged in a central cavity in the throat section, and the inner diameter of an inlet of the shock tunnel throat is smaller than that of the driven section and the piston supporting section;
a ring-shaped piston ring is arranged in the piston supporting section; the rear end face of the piston ring is provided with an annular cushion pad; the length of the piston ring is smaller than that of the piston supporting section, the piston ring moves back and forth in the piston supporting section, the piston ring moves forward, a moving cavity is formed between the piston ring and the front end face of the throat section, the piston ring moves backward, the moving cavity is reduced until the moving cavity disappears, and the buffer cushion cushions the impact of the piston ring on the front end face of the throat section; the front section cavity inside the piston ring is a conical cavity, the inner diameter of the front end of the conical cavity is larger than the inner diameter of the rear end of the conical cavity, the rear section cavity of the piston ring is a stepped cylindrical cavity, and the inner diameter of the front section of the stepped cylindrical cavity is the same as the inner diameter of the rear end of the conical cavity and is larger than the inner diameter of the rear section of the stepped cylindrical cavity;
the center of the front end face of the throat section protrudes forwards to form a pipe section, the outer diameter of the pipe section is matched with the inner diameter of the rear end of the step cylindrical cavity, the inner diameter of the pipe section is the same as the inner diameter of the entrance of the shock tunnel throat of the throat section, the front section of the pipe section is provided with external threads, and the rear section of the pipe section is provided with an air inlet through hole; the throat section is also provided with an inflation hole and a breathing hole which are communicated with the movable cavity;
the end socket is a hemispherical end plug with a front end closed and a rear end opening and a backward hemispherical head, an inner cavity of the end socket is provided with an internal thread matched with the external thread of the throat section pipe section, and the end socket is arranged at the front section of the pipe section in a thread fit manner; the seal head and the piston ring form a ball head conical surface line sealing structure.
Furthermore, sealing rings are arranged between the piston ring and the piston supporting section and between the piston ring and the throat section pipe section.
Furthermore, the inflation holes are symmetrically distributed on the throat section; the breathing holes and the air charging holes are distributed in the throat section in a staggered manner, and check valves for one-way air outlet are arranged on the breathing holes.
The invention discloses a test method of a diaphragm-free shock tunnel throat device, which comprises the following steps:
s1, before a shock wave wind tunnel is started, test gas with the pressure higher than the initial pressure of a driven section is filled through an inflation hole of a throat section, a piston ring moves forwards in a piston supporting section and abuts against a sealing head, the sealing head and the piston ring form a ball head conical surface line sealing structure, and a moving cavity is established;
s2, after the shock wave wind tunnel is started, the main diaphragm breaks, the main shock wave is reflected at the end faces of the piston ring and the end socket, high-pressure test gas with pressure being tens of times of the initial pressure of the driven section is formed, the gas pressure of the high-pressure test gas is also larger than the gas pressure in the movable cavity, and the high-pressure test gas acts on the piston ring to enable the piston ring to bear backward thrust;
s3, the high-pressure test gas pushes the piston ring to move backwards, the gas in the moving cavity is discharged through the breathing hole, the piston ring impacts the front end face of the throat section, and the cushion pad buffers the impact of the piston ring on the front end face of the throat section;
s4, moving the piston ring backwards to cause the failure of a ball head conical surface line sealing structure of the piston ring and the seal head, and enabling high-pressure test gas to enter a throat of the shock tunnel through the air inlet through hole;
s5, after the effective test time is over, high-pressure driving gas is filled into the throat section through an inflation hole, the piston ring is pushed to move forwards, a moving cavity is reestablished, the seal head and the piston ring form a ball head conical surface line sealing structure again, and the high-pressure driving gas is reserved in the moving cavity;
s6, reducing the pressure of high-pressure test gas in the driven section through a gas discharging device of the reflection type shock tunnel, and forming low-pressure driving gas after the pressure of the high-pressure test gas is reduced to a set value;
s7, exhausting high-pressure driving gas in the movable cavity through the breathing hole, enabling the piston ring to move backwards, enabling the sealing structure of the sealing head and the ball head conical surface line of the piston ring to be invalid, and opening the throat of the shock tunnel to enable the pressure of the low-pressure driving gas to be rapidly reduced to the initial pressure of the driven section.
The diaphragm-free shock tunnel throat device has the following characteristics:
a. the throat section has no diaphragm, thereby avoiding the adverse effect of slag and even valve falling caused by the rupture of the two diaphragms, and greatly reducing the risk that the residue generated by the rupture of the main diaphragm enters the throat of the shock tunnel through the seal head.
b. The initial pressure of the driven section is usually lower, but the gas pressure rises rapidly after being compressed by the main shock wave, so that high-pressure test gas which is tens of times of the initial pressure of the driven section is formed, the high-pressure test gas can provide great thrust acting on a piston ring, the piston ring has a short moving stroke, and the opening of the throat of the shock wave wind tunnel can be realized in millisecond level.
c. The driven section, the piston supporting section and the throat section adopt a segmented structure, so that the driven section, the piston supporting section and the throat section are convenient to replace and maintain.
d. The high-pressure driving gas is filled into the inflation hole to control the pressure of the movable cavity, so that the controllable closing of the throat can be realized.
The diaphragm-free shock tunnel throat device provided by the invention basically solves the damage to the throat and a test model caused by diaphragm slag falling and even flap falling, also solves the problem that the driving gas flowing into the spray pipe after the effective test time erodes the test model and the test sensor driving gas on the test model, and simultaneously realizes the controllable opening and closing of the shock tunnel throat.
The test method of the diaphragm-free shock tunnel throat device has the advantages of simple and reliable control flow, high test efficiency and small damage to the test model and the test sensors on the test model.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a flaskless shock tunnel throat device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a working principle diagram of the flaskless shock tunnel throat device of the present invention.
In the figure, 1. driven segment; 2. sealing the end; 3. a piston support section; 4. a piston ring; 5. a seal ring; 6. a cushion pad; 7. a throat section; 8. an air inlet through hole; 9. an inflation hole; 10. a breathing hole.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the flaskless shock tunnel throat device of the present invention comprises three pipe sections connected in sequence from front to back according to the airflow flowing direction: the internal diameter of the driven section 1 is the same as that of the piston supporting section 3, a central cavity in the throat section 7 is provided with a shock tunnel throat, and the internal diameter of an inlet of the shock tunnel throat is smaller than that of the driven section 1 and the piston supporting section 3;
a ring-shaped piston ring 4 is arranged in the piston supporting section 3; the rear end face of the piston ring 4 is provided with an annular cushion pad 6; the length of the piston ring 4 is smaller than that of the piston supporting section 3, the piston ring 4 moves back and forth in the piston supporting section 3, the piston ring 4 moves forward, a moving cavity is formed between the piston ring 4 and the front end face of the throat section 7, the piston ring 4 moves back, the moving cavity is reduced until the moving cavity disappears, and the buffer pad 6 buffers the impact of the piston ring 4 on the front end face of the throat section 7; the front section cavity inside the piston ring 4 is a conical cavity, the inner diameter of the front end of the conical cavity is larger than the inner diameter of the rear end of the conical cavity, the rear section cavity of the piston ring 4 is a stepped cylindrical cavity, and the inner diameter of the front section of the stepped cylindrical cavity is the same as the inner diameter of the rear end of the conical cavity and is larger than the inner diameter of the rear section of the stepped cylindrical cavity;
the center of the front end face of the throat section 7 protrudes forwards to form a pipe section, the outer diameter of the pipe section is matched with the inner diameter of the rear end of the step cylindrical cavity, the inner diameter of the pipe section is the same as the inner diameter of the entrance of the shock tunnel throat of the throat section 7, the front section of the pipe section is provided with external threads, and the rear section of the pipe section is provided with an air inlet through hole 8; the throat section 7 is also provided with an inflation hole 9 and a breathing hole 10 which are communicated with the movable cavity;
the end socket 2 is a hemispherical end plug with a front end closed and a rear end opening and a backward hemispherical head, an inner cavity of the end socket 2 is provided with an inner thread matched with the outer thread of the pipe section of the throat section 7, and the end socket 2 is installed at the front section of the pipe section in a thread fit manner; the seal head 2 and the piston ring 4 form a ball head conical surface line sealing structure.
Further, sealing rings 5 are arranged between the piston ring 4 and the piston supporting section 3 and between the piston ring 4 and the throat section 7.
Furthermore, the inflation holes 9 are symmetrically distributed on the throat section 7; the breathing holes 10 and the air charging holes 9 are distributed on the throat section 7 in a staggered manner, and the breathing holes 10 are provided with one-way air outlet check valves.
As shown in FIG. 2, the test method of the flaskless shock tunnel throat device of the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, before the shock wave wind tunnel is started, test gas with the pressure higher than the initial pressure of the driven section 1 is filled through an inflation hole 9 of a throat section 7, a piston ring 4 moves forwards in a piston supporting section 3 and abuts against a seal head 2, the seal head 2 and the piston ring 4 form a ball head conical surface line sealing structure, and a moving cavity is established;
s2, after the shock wave wind tunnel is started, the main diaphragm is broken, the main shock wave is reflected at the end faces of the piston ring 4 and the end socket 2, high-pressure test gas with the pressure being tens of times of the initial pressure of the driven section 1 is formed, the gas pressure of the high-pressure test gas is also larger than that in the moving cavity, and the high-pressure test gas acts on the piston ring 4 to enable the piston ring 4 to be subjected to backward thrust;
s3, the high-pressure test gas pushes the piston ring 4 to move backwards, the gas in the moving cavity is discharged through the breathing hole 10, the piston ring 4 impacts the front end face of the throat section 7, and the buffer pad 6 buffers the impact of the piston ring 4 on the front end face of the throat section 7;
s4, moving the piston ring 4 backwards to cause the ball head conical surface line sealing structure of the piston ring 4 and the seal head 2 to be invalid, and enabling high-pressure test gas to enter a throat of the shock tunnel through the air inlet through hole 8;
s5, after the effective test time is over, high-pressure driving gas is filled in through an inflation hole 9 in the throat section 7 to push the piston ring 4 to move forward, a moving cavity is reestablished, the end socket 2 and the piston ring 4 form a ball head conical surface line sealing structure again, and the high-pressure driving gas is reserved in the moving cavity;
s6, reducing the pressure of high-pressure test gas in the driven section 1 through a gas discharging device of the reflection type shock tunnel, and forming low-pressure driving gas after the pressure of the high-pressure test gas is reduced to a set value;
s7, high-pressure driving gas in the moving cavity is discharged through the breathing hole 10, the piston ring 4 moves backwards, the ball head conical surface line sealing structure of the sealing head 2 and the piston ring 4 fails, and the throat of the shock wave wind tunnel is opened, so that the pressure of the low-pressure driving gas is quickly reduced to the initial pressure of the driven section 1.
Example 1
The structure of each part of this embodiment is as follows:
driven segment 1: the interior of the piston support section is a cylindrical cavity, test gas with low initial pressure is filled in the cylindrical cavity during testing, and the tail end of the piston support section is connected with the piston support section 3 through a connecting structure;
and (2) sealing head: one end of the semi-spherical head type axial symmetry structure is closed, and the other end of the semi-spherical head type axial symmetry structure is open; an internal thread is processed at the opening end and is used for being connected with a pipe section of the throat section 7; the hemispherical head is used for forming a spherical head conical surface line sealing structure with the piston ring 4;
piston support section 3: the film clamping mechanism is positioned at the downstream of the driven section 1 and the upstream of the throat section 7, is fixedly connected with the driven section 1 and the throat section 7 through the film clamping mechanism, has a cylindrical cavity inside, and has the inner diameter consistent with that of the driven section 1;
the piston ring 4: the circular ring structure is arranged in the piston supporting section 3, the front end of the inner hole is a conical surface, and a ball head conical surface line sealing structure is formed by the circular ring structure and the end socket 2; the inner hole and the excircle are respectively provided with a sealing ring 5, and the rear end surface is provided with a cushion pad 6; the movable cavity is isolated;
and (5) sealing ring: the sealing structure is used as a sealing structure of the piston ring 4 and is used for sealing and isolating a moving cavity;
the cushion pad 6: the ring pad is arranged on the rear end face of the piston ring 4 and is used for buffering the impact between the piston ring 4 and the throat section 7;
throat section 7: the membrane clamping mechanism is positioned at the downstream of the piston supporting section 3, is connected with the driven section 1 and the piston supporting section 3 through the membrane clamping mechanism and is used for generating test airflow; the front end of the air inlet cylinder is a convex circular tube-shaped air inlet cylinder, and the front end of the air inlet cylinder is provided with an external thread for connecting the seal head 2; the front end of the circular tube-shaped air inlet cylinder and the position close to the external thread are provided with air inlet through holes 8 which are distributed axially and used for test gas circulation; the middle part of the throat section 7 is provided with an inflation hole 9 and a breathing hole 10 which are communicated with the movable cavity, and the opening and closing of the throat device are controlled through the inflation hole 9 and the breathing hole 10;
air inlet through hole 8: the test gas is a square through hole and is a channel for the test gas to enter the throat section 7;
and (4) an inflation hole 9: the throat section 7 is used for filling high-pressure driving gas into the moving cavity;
the breathing hole 10: and the throat section 7 is used for emptying the high-pressure driving gas in the movable cavity.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the description and the embodiments, and they can be fully applied to various technical fields suitable for the present invention. Additional modifications and refinements of the present invention will readily occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. The diaphragm-free shock tunnel throat device is characterized by comprising three pipe sections which are sequentially connected from front to back according to the airflow flowing direction: the shock wave wind tunnel throat is arranged in a central cavity in the throat section (7), and the inner diameter of an inlet of the shock wave wind tunnel throat is smaller than the inner diameters of the driven section (1) and the piston supporting section (3);
a ring-shaped piston ring (4) is arranged in the piston supporting section (3); the rear end face of the piston ring (4) is provided with an annular buffer pad (6); the length of the piston ring (4) is smaller than that of the piston supporting section (3), the piston ring (4) moves back and forth in the piston supporting section (3), the piston ring (4) moves forward, a moving cavity is formed between the piston ring (4) and the front end face of the throat section (7), the piston ring (4) moves backward, the moving cavity is reduced until disappears, and the buffer pad (6) buffers the impact of the piston ring (4) on the front end face of the throat section (7); the front section cavity inside the piston ring (4) is a conical cavity, the inner diameter of the front end of the conical cavity is larger than the inner diameter of the rear end of the conical cavity, the rear section cavity of the piston ring (4) is a stepped cylindrical cavity, and the inner diameter of the front section of the stepped cylindrical cavity is the same as the inner diameter of the rear end of the conical cavity and is larger than the inner diameter of the rear section of the stepped cylindrical cavity;
the center of the front end face of the throat section (7) protrudes forwards to form a pipe section, the outer diameter of the pipe section is matched with the inner diameter of the rear end of the step cylindrical cavity, the inner diameter of the pipe section is the same as the inner diameter of the entrance of the shock tunnel throat of the throat section (7), external threads are arranged at the front section of the pipe section, and an air inlet through hole (8) is formed at the rear section of the pipe section; the throat section (7) is also provided with an inflation hole (9) and a breathing hole (10) which are communicated with the movable cavity;
the end socket (2) is a hemispherical end plug with a front end closed and a rear end opened and a backward hemispherical head, an inner cavity of the end socket (2) is provided with an inner thread matched with an outer thread of the pipe section of the throat section (7), and the end socket (2) is arranged at the front section of the pipe section in a thread fit manner; the seal head (2) and the piston ring (4) form a ball head conical surface line sealing structure.
2. The diaphragm-free shock tunnel throat device according to claim 1, wherein a seal ring (5) is arranged between the piston ring (4) and the piston support section (3) and between the piston ring (4) and the throat section (7).
3. The shock tunnel throat device without diaphragm according to claim 1, wherein the inflation holes (9) are symmetrically distributed on the throat section (7); the breathing holes (10) and the air charging holes (9) are distributed on the throat section (7) in a staggered way, and check valves for unidirectional air outlet are arranged on the breathing holes (10).
4. A test method of a diaphragm-free shock tunnel throat device based on claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, before the shock tunnel is started, test gas with the pressure higher than the initial pressure of the driven section (1) is filled in through an inflation hole (9) of a throat section (7), a piston ring (4) moves forwards in a piston supporting section (3) to tightly abut against a sealing head (2), the sealing head (2) and the piston ring (4) form a ball head conical surface line sealing structure, and a moving cavity is established;
s2, after the shock wave wind tunnel is started, the main diaphragm is broken, the main shock wave is reflected at the end faces of the piston ring (4) and the seal head (2), high-pressure test gas with the pressure being tens of times of the initial pressure of the driven section (1) is formed, the gas pressure of the high-pressure test gas is also larger than that in the moving cavity, and the high-pressure test gas acts on the piston ring (4), so that the piston ring (4) is pushed backwards;
s3, the high-pressure test gas pushes the piston ring (4) to move backwards, the gas in the moving cavity is discharged through the breathing hole (10), the piston ring (4) impacts the front end face of the throat section (7), and the buffer pad (6) buffers the impact of the piston ring (4) on the front end face of the throat section (7);
s4, moving the piston ring (4) backwards to cause the ball head conical surface line sealing structure of the piston ring (4) and the seal head (2) to be invalid, and enabling high-pressure test gas to enter a throat of the shock tunnel through the air inlet through hole (8);
s5, after the effective test time is over, high-pressure driving gas is filled in through an inflation hole (9) in the throat section (7) to push the piston ring (4) to move forwards, a moving cavity is reestablished, the end socket (2) and the piston ring (4) form a ball head conical surface line sealing structure again, and the high-pressure driving gas is reserved in the moving cavity;
s6, reducing the pressure of high-pressure test gas in the driven section (1) through a gas discharging device of the reflection type shock tunnel, and forming low-pressure driving gas after the pressure of the high-pressure test gas is reduced to a set value;
s7, high-pressure driving gas in the movable cavity is discharged through the breathing hole (10), the piston ring (4) moves backwards, the ball head conical surface line sealing structure of the seal head (2) and the piston ring (4) fails, and the shock wave wind tunnel throat is opened, so that the pressure of the low-pressure driving gas is quickly reduced to the initial pressure of the driven section (1).
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| CN115597819B (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2023-03-21 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Wind tunnel simulation aerial refueling hose-taper sleeve winding and unwinding devices |
| CN118008917B (en) * | 2024-03-28 | 2024-06-04 | 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳空气动力研究所 | Control device and method for pipe wind tunnel driving piston |
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