CN113915045B - Mixed-flow water turbine draft tube with inclined bent cone - Google Patents

Mixed-flow water turbine draft tube with inclined bent cone Download PDF

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CN113915045B
CN113915045B CN202111208734.5A CN202111208734A CN113915045B CN 113915045 B CN113915045 B CN 113915045B CN 202111208734 A CN202111208734 A CN 202111208734A CN 113915045 B CN113915045 B CN 113915045B
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section unit
contour line
downstream side
draft tube
oblique
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CN113915045A (en
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周星
成立
黄泉水
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Yangzhou University
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Yangzhou University
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03BMACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F03B11/04Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator for diminishing cavitation or vibration, e.g. balancing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03BMACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03BMACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/16Stators
    • F03B3/18Stator blades; Guide conduits or vanes, e.g. adjustable
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20Hydro energy

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a mixed-flow water turbine draft tube with an oblique bent cone. Draft tubeThe device consists of an oblique bending cone section unit, an elbow section unit and a diffusion section unit in sequence, wherein the central axes of the oblique bending cone section unit, the elbow section unit and the diffusion section unit, the upstream side profile and the downstream side profile of the oblique bending cone section unit, the upstream side profile and the downstream side profile of the elbow section unit and the top profile and the bottom profile of the diffusion section unit all obey an exponential curve y=a+b×e (cx) Wherein a, b and c are all undetermined constants, and the values of a, b and c of different lines of different units are different, so that the fluid state in the draft tube is best and the vortex band is minimum. The spiral symmetrical structure or the cylindrical symmetrical structure of the draft tube vortex belt is damaged through the asymmetric design of the oblique curved cone, so that the generation of the draft tube vortex belt is effectively simulated, the pressure pulsation is further reduced, and the running and output stability of the water turbine are improved.

Description

Mixed-flow water turbine draft tube with inclined bent cone
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, and particularly relates to a mixed flow water turbine draft tube with an inclined bent cone.
Background
Hydropower energy will be continuously developed and utilized as the largest renewable energy source and clean energy source. The advantages of the francis turbine are that it can operate in a wide range with high efficiency, and the disadvantages are that the instability of the flow inside the turbine is remarkable at higher or lower than the design flow, a spiral or cylindrical vortex strip is formed inside the draft tube, and serious fluctuation of the output is accompanied.
In order to solve the problem of flow stability in the prior mixed flow water turbine, the prior treatment measures comprise air entrainment or water injection and the like which need additional energy supply, and the optimization design of the shape of a runner water discharge cone and the section shape of a draft tube which do not need energy supply. Because the internal flow of the mixed-flow water turbine is complex, the existing engineering measures do not well solve the problems of instability and fluctuation of the internal flow of the mixed-flow water turbine.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a mixed flow water turbine draft tube with an inclined curved cone, which breaks a spiral symmetrical structure or a cylindrical symmetrical structure of a draft tube vortex belt through the asymmetric design of the inclined curved cone, effectively simulates the generation of the draft tube vortex belt, further reduces pressure pulsation and improves the running stability and the output stability of the water turbine.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: the mixed flow water turbine draft tube of the oblique bending cone comprises an oblique bending cone section unit, an elbow section unit and a diffusion section unit in sequence,
the oblique bending cone section unit is arranged at the outlet of the mixed-flow water turbine runner, and is connected with the elbow section unit and the diffuser section unit in smooth transition;
the central axes of the oblique bending cone section unit, the elbow section unit and the diffusion section unit, the upstream side profile and the downstream side profile of the oblique bending cone section unit, the upstream side profile and the downstream side profile of the elbow section unit, the top profile and the bottom profile of the diffusion section unit all obey exponential curves y=a+b×e (cx) Wherein a, b and c are all undetermined constants, and the values of a, b and c of different lines of different units are different, so that the fluid state in the draft tube is best and the vortex band is minimum.
Further, the upstream side contour line, the central axis and the downstream side contour line of the oblique bending cone section unit are all in downward convex shapes and gradually bend downwards, the bending angles are all gradually increased by taking the vertical downward direction as a reference, the bending angle of the upstream side contour line at the same horizontal plane is less than alpha < the bending angle of the central axis is less than beta < the bending angle of the downstream side contour line, the maximum value of the bending angle of the upstream side contour line is less than 15 degrees, and the maximum value of the bending angle of the downstream side contour line is less than 20 degrees.
Further, the inlet of the oblique bending cone section unit is in a horizontal direction, the outlet is in an oblique direction, the downstream side profile end point is higher than the upstream side profile end point, and the angle delta formed by the outlet direction and the horizontal direction is smaller than 20 degrees.
Further, the horizontal distances between the end points of the upstream side contour line, the central axis and the downstream side contour line of the obliquely bent cone segment unit and the starting point are respectively l 1 、l 2 And l 3 Inlet diameter d of obliquely curved cone section unit 1 Equal to diameter D of the mixed-flow turbine runner outlet, where l 1 /d 1 Between =0.075 and 0.3, l 2 /d 1 =0.10~0.35,l 3 /d 1 =0.18~0.42;
The oblique bendingThe vertical distance between the end point of the upstream side contour line, the central axis and the downstream side contour line of the cone segment unit and the starting point is h respectively 1 、h 2 And h 3 Wherein h is 1 /d 1 =1.0~2.0,h 2 /d 1 =1.0~1.8,h 3 /d 1 =1.0~1.6。
Further, the end points of the upstream side contour and the downstream side contour of the elbow section unit are the start points of the bottom contour and the top contour of the diffuser section unit, respectively.
Further, the inlet and the outlet of the diffusion section unit are both in the vertical direction, and the horizontal distance is l 5 The outlet vertex is higher than the downstream side contour line end point of the oblique bending cone section unit, and the vertical distance is d 5 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The top contour line and the bottom contour line are both in downward convex shapes and gradually bend upwards, the inclined angles formed between the top contour line and the bottom contour line and the horizontal direction are respectively +.epsilon, the inclined angles are gradually increased along the downstream direction, and the maximum value is less than 15 degrees.
Further, an included angle between a tangential direction of the contour line of the oblique bending cone section unit at the end point and a tangential direction of the elbow section unit at the starting point is smaller than 2.5 degrees; the tangential direction of the contour line of the elbow section unit at the end point and the tangential direction of the diffuser section unit at the start point form an included angle of less than 2.5 degrees.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that:
(1) The mixed flow turbine draft tube with the inclined curved cone can well improve the flow stability of the inside of the turbine when the turbine is higher or lower than the designed flow, not only can the spiral or cylindrical vortex strips formed inside the draft tube be simulated, but also the stability of the output of the turbine can be improved, and service can be provided for the development and utilization of hydroelectric clean energy.
(2) The invention guides the water flow at the outlet of the turbine runner to the downstream side along the curved pipeline by the oblique curved cone section unit, and the curve design is favorable for smooth transition of the water flow and smooth connection with the elbow section.
(3) The central axes and the contour lines of the oblique bending cone section unit, the elbow section unit and the diffusion section unit are all exponential curves, so that the design scheme is made faster, and the progress of engineering construction is accelerated;
(4) The mixed flow type water turbine draft tube simulated draft tube vortex band with the inclined curved cone has obvious generation effect, reduces pressure pulsation in the water turbine, further reduces fluctuation of output power, and improves integral operation stability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall layout of a draft tube of a francis turbine incorporating a skew cone of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a bevel segment unit of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an elbow section unit of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a diffuser element of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
a 1-inclined elbow section unit, a 2-elbow section unit, a 3-diffusion section unit, a 4-mixed flow turbine runner outlet (namely a tail pipe inclined elbow section unit inlet), a 5-tail pipe inclined elbow section unit outlet (namely a tail pipe elbow section unit inlet), a 6-tail pipe elbow section unit outlet (namely a tail pipe diffusion section unit inlet), a 7-inclined elbow section unit upstream side contour line, an 8-inclined elbow section unit central axis, a 9-inclined elbow section unit downstream side contour line, a 10-elbow section unit upstream side contour line, an 11-elbow section unit central axis, a 12-elbow section unit downstream side contour line, a 13-diffusion section unit bottom contour line, a 14-diffusion section unit top contour line and a 15-tail pipe diffusion section unit outlet;
d 1 is the diameter of the horizontal section of the runner outlet 4 of the mixed-flow turbine, alpha is the angle between the upstream side contour line 7 of the inclined-bent cone section unit and the vertical direction, beta is the angle between the central axis 8 of the inclined-bent cone section unit and the vertical direction, gamma is the angle between the downstream side contour line 9 of the inclined-bent cone section unit and the vertical direction, delta is the angle between the outlet 5 of the inclined-bent cone section unit of the draft tube and the horizontal direction, and h 1 And l 1 Respectively the offset distances h between the upstream side contour line 7 of the oblique bending cone section unit and the vertical direction and the horizontal direction of the starting point 2 And l 2 Respectively a central axis 8 and a starting point of the oblique bending cone section unitOffset distance in vertical direction and horizontal direction, h 3 And l 3 Respectively, the offset distances l between the downstream side contour line 9 of the oblique bending cone section unit and the vertical direction and the horizontal direction of the starting point 4 Is the horizontal distance between the end point of the downstream side profile 9 of the oblique bending cone section unit and the outlet 6 of the elbow section unit of the tail water pipe 5 Is the horizontal distance d between the elbow section unit outlet 6 and the diffuser section unit outlet 2 Diameter of 6 horizontal section d 3 Diameter of 15 horizontal section d 4 Is the vertical distance between the end point of the downstream side profile 9 of the oblique bending cone section unit and the outlet top point of the elbow section unit of the tail water pipe, d 5 Is the vertical distance between the end point of the downstream side profile 9 of the inclined cone section unit and the top point of the outlet of the draft tube diffusion section unit.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in the figure, the mixed-flow turbine draft tube of the inclined bending cone comprises an inclined bending cone section unit 1 arranged at the outlet of a runner of the mixed-flow turbine, an elbow section unit 2 is arranged below the inclined bending cone section unit 1, and a diffusion section unit 3 is connected behind the elbow section unit 2.
Inlet diameter d of the obliquely curved cone section unit 1 1 Equal to the diameter D of the runner outlet of the mixed-flow water turbine, the diameter D is equal to the diameter D of the runner outlet of the mixed-flow water turbine 1 Determining the horizontal maximum offset distance l of the end point of the upstream side contour line 7 of the oblique bending cone section unit relative to the starting point 1 And the maximum distance in the vertical direction is h respectively 1 Wherein l 1 /d 1 =0.075~0.3,h 1 /d 1 =1.0 to 2.0; also by diameter d 1 Determining the horizontal maximum offset distance l of the end point of the downstream side contour line 9 of the obliquely curved cone section unit relative to the start point 3 And the maximum distance in the vertical direction is h respectively 3 Wherein l 3 /d 1 =0.18~0.42,h 3 /d 1 =1.0~1.6;
The upstream side contour line 7 of the skew angle cone segment unit 1 is inclined to the downstream side at an angle maximum value of α=arctan (l 1 /h 1 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The central axis of the oblique bending cone section unit is inclined to the downstream side, and the maximum value of the angle is beta=arctan (l 2 /h 2 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The upstream side contour line 7 of the oblique bending cone section unit is inclined to the downstream side at an angle maximum value of γ=arctan (l 3 /h 3 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The inclination angles of +.alpha, +.beta and +.gamma are gradually increased, and the same horizontal plane is +.alpha<∠β<The angle gamma, the maximum value of the angle alpha between the upstream side profile and the vertical direction is preferably smaller than 15 degrees, and the maximum value of the angle beta between the downstream side profile and the vertical direction is preferably smaller than 20 degrees.
The angle of inclination δ=arctan ((h) of the outlet 5 of the bevel-segment unit 1 1 -h 3 )/(d 1 +l 3 -l 1 ) Preferably less than 20 degrees.
The upstream side contour 7 of the oblique bending cone unit 1 follows an exponential curve (y=a+b×e (cx) ) Coefficients a, b and c in the functional formula are all undetermined constants, wherein a is a translation parameter of a curve, and b and c are shape parameters of the curve; e natural logarithm, value 2.71828; the undetermined coefficients a, b, and c need to be determined by designing a plurality of times so that the end point of the exponential curve coincides with the end point of the upstream side contour line 7 determined as described above.
The central axis 8 of the oblique bending cone unit 1 follows an exponential curve (y=a+b×e (cx) ) Coefficients a, b and c in the functional formula are all undetermined constants, wherein a is a translation parameter of a curve, and b and c are shape parameters of the curve; e natural logarithm, value 2.71828; the coefficients a, b and c to be determined need to be designed a plurality of times so that the end point of the exponential curve coincides with the end point of the central axis 7 determined as described above.
The downstream side contour 9 of the oblique bending cone unit 1 follows an exponential curve (y=a+b×e (cx) ) Coefficients a, b and c in the functional formula are all undetermined constants, wherein a is a translation parameter of a curve, and b and c are shape parameters of the curve; e natural logarithm, value 2.71828; the undetermined coefficients a, b, and c need to be determined by designing a plurality of times so that the end point of the exponential curve coincides with the end point of the downstream side contour line 7 determined as described above.
The end points of the upstream side contour line 7 and the downstream side contour line 9 of the oblique bending cone section unit 1 are respectively the starting points of the upstream side contour line 7 and the downstream side contour line 9 of the elbow section unit 2, and the starting points are represented by l 4 And d 4 The end point of the downstream side profile 12 of the elbow section unit 2 can be determined, denoted by d 2 The end point of the upstream side profile 10 may be determined.
The upstream contour 10 of the elbow segment unit 2 follows an exponential curve (y=a+b×e (cx) ) Coefficients a, b and c in the functional formula are all undetermined constants, wherein a is a translation parameter of a curve, and b and c are shape parameters of the curve; e natural logarithm, value 2.71828; the undetermined coefficients a, b, and c need to be determined by designing a plurality of times so that the end point of the exponential curve coincides with the end point of the upstream side contour line 10 determined as described above.
The central axis 11 of the elbow segment unit 2 follows an exponential curve (y=a+b×e (cx) ) Coefficients a, b and c in the functional formula are all undetermined constants, wherein a is a translation parameter of a curve, and b and c are shape parameters of the curve; e natural logarithm, value 2.71828; the coefficients a, b and c to be determined need to be designed a plurality of times so that the end point of the exponential curve coincides with the end point of the central axis 10 determined as described above.
The downstream profile 12 of the elbow section unit 2 follows an exponential curve (y=a+b×e (cx) ) Coefficients a, b and c in the functional formula are all undetermined constants, wherein a is a translation parameter of a curve, and b and c are shape parameters of the curve; e natural logarithm, value 2.71828; the undetermined coefficients a, b, and c need to be determined by designing a plurality of times so that the end point of the exponential curve coincides with the end point of the downstream side contour 12 determined as described above.
The end points of the upstream side contour line 10 and the downstream side contour line 12 of the elbow section unit 2 are the start points of the bottom contour line 13 and the top contour line 14 of the diffuser section unit 3, respectively, and are represented by l 5 And d 5 The end point of the top contour 14 of the diffuser element 3 can be determined, denoted by d 3 The end of the bottom contour 13 can be determined; the l is 5 /d 1 =3.0-5.0,d 3 /d 1 =1.2-1.5,d 5 /d 1 =0.3-0.5。
The top contour 14 of the diffuser element 3 follows an exponential curve (y=a+b×e (cx) ) The coefficients a, b and c in the functional formula are all undetermined constants, wherein a is the translation parameter of the curve, and b and c are the curveShape parameters of the wire; e natural logarithm, value 2.71828; the coefficients a, b and c to be determined need to be designed a number of times so that the end point of the exponential curve coincides with the end point of the top contour 14 determined as described above.
The bottom contour 13 of the diffuser element 3 follows an exponential curve (y=a+b×e (cx) ) Coefficients a, b and c in the functional formula are all undetermined constants, wherein a is a translation parameter of a curve, and b and c are shape parameters of the curve; e natural logarithm, value 2.71828; the coefficients a, b and c to be determined need to be designed a number of times so that the end point of the exponential curve coincides with the end point of the bottom contour 13 determined as described above. The bottom contour line 13 and the top contour line 14 are both in downward convex shapes and gradually bend upwards, the inclined angles formed by the bottom contour line 13 and the top contour line and the horizontal direction are respectively +.epsilon, the inclined angles gradually increase along the downstream direction, and the maximum value is smaller than 15 degrees.
The connection between the oblique bending cone section unit 1 and the elbow section unit 2 is smooth transition, namely the tangential direction of the contour line of the oblique bending cone section unit 1 at the end point is the same as the tangential direction of the elbow section unit 2 at the starting point or the included angle is smaller than 2.5 degrees; the elbow section unit 2 and the diffusion section unit 3 are connected in a smooth transition mode, namely the tangential direction of the contour line of the elbow section unit 2 at the end point is the same as the tangential direction of the diffusion section unit 3 at the start point or the included angle is smaller than 2.5 degrees; if the joint is in a non-smooth transition, the parameter design should be repeated to meet the requirements.

Claims (4)

1. A mixed flow water turbine draft tube of an oblique bending cone is characterized in that the draft tube is sequentially composed of an oblique bending cone section unit (1), an elbow section unit (2) and a diffusion section unit (3),
the oblique bending cone section unit (1) is arranged at the outlet of the runner of the mixed-flow water turbine, and the connection between the oblique bending cone section unit (1) and the elbow section unit (2) and the connection between the elbow section unit (2) and the diffusion section unit (3) are smooth transition;
central axes of the oblique bending cone section unit (1), the elbow section unit (2) and the diffusion section unit (3), upstream side contour line and downstream side contour line of the oblique bending cone section unit (1), and upstream side contour line and downstream side wheel of the elbow section unit (2)The top and bottom contours of the contour, diffuser element (3) follow an exponential curve y=a+b×e (cx) Wherein a, b and c are all undetermined constants, and the values of a, b and c of different lines of different units are different, so that the fluid state in the draft tube is best and the vortex band is minimum;
the upstream side contour line, the central axis and the downstream side contour line of the oblique bending cone section unit (1) are all in downward convex shapes and gradually bend downwards, the bending angles are all gradually increased by taking the vertical downward direction as a reference, the bending angle of the upstream side contour line at the same horizontal plane is less than alpha < the bending angle of the central axis is less than beta < the bending angle of the downstream side contour line, the maximum value of the bending angle alpha of the upstream side contour line is less than 15 degrees, and the maximum value of the bending angle beta of the downstream side contour line is less than 20 degrees;
the inlet of the oblique bending cone section unit (1) is in a horizontal direction, the outlet is in an oblique direction, the end point of the downstream side profile line is higher than the end point of the upstream side profile line, and the angle delta formed by the outlet direction and the horizontal direction is smaller than 20 degrees;
the horizontal distances between the end points of the upstream side contour line, the central axis and the downstream side contour line of the oblique bending cone section unit (1) and the starting point are respectively l 1 、l 2 And l 3 Inlet diameter d of oblique bending cone section unit (1) 1 Equal to diameter D of the mixed-flow turbine runner outlet, where l 1 /d 1 Between =0.075 and 0.3, l 2 /d 1 =0.10~0.35,l 3 /d 1 =0.18~0.42;
The vertical distances between the end points of the upstream side contour line, the central axis and the downstream side contour line of the oblique bending cone section unit (1) and the starting point are respectively h 1 、h 2 And h 3 Wherein h is 1 /d 1 =1.0~2.0,h 2 /d 1 =1.0~1.8,h 3 /d 1 =1.0~1.6。
2. A water turbine draft tube according to claim 1, wherein the end points of the upstream side contour (10) and the downstream side contour (12) of the elbow section unit (2) are the start points of the bottom contour (13) and the top contour (14) of the diffuser section unit (3), respectively.
3. A water turbine draft tube according to claim 2 wherein the inlet and outlet of the diffuser unit (3) are both vertically oriented and horizontally oriented at a distance l 5 The outlet vertex is higher than the downstream side contour line end point of the oblique bending cone section unit (1), and the vertical distance is d 5 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The top contour line and the bottom contour line are both in downward convex shapes and gradually bend upwards, the inclined angles formed between the top contour line and the bottom contour line and the horizontal direction are respectively +.epsilon, the inclined angles are gradually increased along the downstream direction, and the maximum value is less than 15 degrees.
4. A water turbine draft tube according to claim 3 wherein the tangential direction of the contour of the recurved cone section unit (1) at the end point and the tangential direction of the elbow section unit (2) at the start point are at an angle of less than 2.5 degrees; the tangential direction of the contour line of the elbow section unit (2) at the end point and the tangential direction of the diffusion section unit (3) at the start point form an included angle of less than 2.5 degrees.
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CN115405454B (en) * 2022-08-31 2024-04-16 扬州大学 Multifunctional mixed-flow water turbine and automatic regulating system
CN115822839A (en) * 2022-11-19 2023-03-21 江苏大学流体机械温岭研究院 Energy recovery turbine draft tube with guide vanes

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CN109139334B (en) * 2018-10-12 2020-04-07 西北农林科技大学 Mixed-flow long-short blade water turbine
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CN110886673B (en) * 2019-11-26 2021-06-08 清华大学 Draft tube and method for reducing water pressure pulsation and pressure gradient of water turbine
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