CN113914977A - 一种嵌入式柴油机废气scr脱硝净化器 - Google Patents
一种嵌入式柴油机废气scr脱硝净化器 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种嵌入式柴油机废气SCR脱硝净化器，包括尿素喷射管、静态双向混合器、壳体、导流器、格栅、催化剂载体、消声器、连通管、维护口盖板、排气管。本发明的一种嵌入式柴油机废气SCR脱硝净化器方案如下：当废气从进气管进入，从尿素喷射口喷入的尿素与废气在静态双向混合器进行充分混合，混合气经过导流器均匀分布的进入一级催化剂进行反应，反应后的废气经消声器进行消声处理进入二级催化剂进行反应，最后从排气管排出。本发明将SCR技术中的混合器、导流器和消声器有机结合，并改进出了一种新型的静态双向混合器，将格栅，催化剂和消声器嵌入SCR壳体中，具有简洁、节能、净化效率高等特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及废气处理研究技术领域，尤其是涉及一种嵌入式柴油机废气SCR脱硝净化器。
背景技术
在疫情肆虐的当今国际环境下，船舶运输行业作为沟通各国经济的支柱在世界经济的发展中占有的地位越来越重要，船舶柴油机产生的气体污染物中除了造成地球温室效应的二氧化碳(CO2)以外，还包括大量的硫氧化物(SOX)，氮氧化物(NOX)、颗粒物(PM)等，对环境及人类健康造成严重危害。各国对于船舶排放的法规日趋严格，因此许多尾气处理技术应运而生。
在这些技术中，后处理技术中的SCR技术趋于成熟，并广泛运用在各型船舶上，缺点在于还原剂与废气不能充分混合，存在氨逃逸等。
在船舶运行中，通常在柴油机排气管路上安装排气消声器来降低和控制柴油机排气噪声。船用柴油机的排气噪声分布与柴油机的转速正相关，大多数船用柴油机为低、中速机，其噪声在低、中频段的能量最强。为消除低、中频噪声，为其适配安装的消声器通常体积庞大。因此，在现有船舶上加装SCR脱硝系统，会带来空间紧张的船舶带来空间布置上的困难。
专利号CN111894710A公开了一种船用船用柴油机排气SCR脱硝净化消声器，包括导流装置、SCR还原装置、消声器，SCR还原装置中采用二级催化，但是承重催化剂的格栅是没有嵌入到SCR壳体中的，催化剂存在脱落的风险；SCR前端没有混合器，还原剂与废气没有充分混合，导致催化剂利用率下降。专利号CN113230840A公开了一种低温等离子体协同SCR废气处理装置，包括低温等离子体模块和SCR反应模块。但是该装置中SCR反应模块并没有设有消声器，不能有效控制噪音，同时没有催化剂维护口，不能高效快捷的对催化剂进行更换维护。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种嵌入式柴油机废气SCR脱硝净化器，将SCR技术和消声技术进行有机结合同时解决船用柴油机噪声和降低NOx排放的问题、并且采用嵌入抽屉式方法安装催化剂载体、格栅和消声器，既减少了安装空间和处装成本也便于催化剂的维护和更换。同时在该装置SCR前端布置有新型的静态双向混合器和导流装置，提升反应物与催化剂的接触效率加强了反应效果，一定程度上减少尾气的排放；在尿素喷射管口前加氮氧化物传感器，在排气管口加氨传感器，构成反馈回路，实时合理调节尿素喷射量，使得反应更加充分，并且有效控制氨气泄露。
为解决以上技术问题，本发明在SCR前端布置有新型的静态双向混合器和导流装置，将废气与尿素进行充分混合；将催化剂载体、格栅和消声器嵌入抽屉式安装在SCR壳体，解放了安装空间，并一体化的将SCR技术和消音技术有机结合。采用的具体技术方案如下：一种嵌入式柴油机废气SCR脱硝净化器，包括进气管、静态双向混合器、壳体、导流装置、催化剂载体、格栅、消声器、维护口盖板、排气管。所述壳体两端分别连通所述进气管和所述排气管；所述壳体内两层放置的催化剂载体、格栅架消声器均采用嵌入抽屉式，所述圆柱形壳体一个侧壁设有维护口，所述维护口处安装维护盖，所述维护盖与壳体采用合叶连接，所述静态双向混合器位于尿素喷射管和进气管之间，所述导流转置位于下层格栅和进气管之间。所述尿素喷射管的前端设有氮氧化物传感器，排气管末端设有氨传感器，尿素喷射管的后端设有混合器，混合器下方的SCR反应壳体内依次设有导流器与催化剂。
进一步地，所述尿素喷射管口尿素泵斜着喷入尿素。
进一步地，所述静态双向混合器，内外圈的叶片倾斜方向相反使得旋转气流混合更加均匀。
进一步地，所述导流器内部安装四个导流板。
进一步地，所述静态双向混合器及导流器与SCR壳体之间采用焊接连接。
进一步地，所述壳体与维护盖板采用合叶连接。
进一步地，所述催化剂载体内部为蜂窝状结构，且催化剂载体内孔表面依附适量反应催化剂。
进一步地，所述催化剂、格栅、消声器均采用嵌入式方法，嵌入SCR壳体中。
进一步地，所述盖板与所述催化剂壳体接触的部分粘贴有耐高温耐腐蚀的密封条。
进一步地，所述连通管外表面分布大量消音孔，且连通管位于上下催化剂载体之间。
本发明的有益效果是：
将SCR技术和消音技术有机的结合在一起，既解决了SCR结构体积大、安装成本高的问题，又解决了柴油机排气系统布置于船舶时的空间紧张问题，具有明显的实用价值。所述一种嵌入式柴油机废气SCR脱硝净化器采用嵌入抽屉式的方法安装催化剂载体，便于催化剂载体的更换；催化剂依附于催化剂载体表面，可以有效加快氨气与氮氧化物的反应速率；催化剂载体的多孔介质材料，可有效削减大部分中高频噪声。进气口前的静态双向混合器和导流装置使得废气更加均匀的进入催化剂载体内，两层催化剂载体间布置有上上面安装四个外表面分布有消音孔的连通管的钢板；排气经历多次的扩张和收缩，可以削减大部分低频噪声。倾斜的尿素喷射口有效的减少了来自废气的剪切力；在尿素喷射管口前加氮氧化物传感器，在排气管口加氨传感器，构成反馈回路，实时合理调节尿素喷射量，有效控制氨气泄露，在SCR装置中间采用法兰连接，可以更加方便快捷更换催化剂，该装置对于工业废气、机动车尾气和船舶烟气处理都有一定的适用性。
附图说明
图1是本发明的爆炸示意图。其中盖板做了90度的旋转以便清晰表达装配位置
图2是本发明的立体示意图。
图3是本发明的壳体立体示意图。
图4是本发明的静态双向混合器的立体示意图。
图5是本发明的导流器的立体示意图。
图6是本发明的催化剂的立体示意图。
图7是本发明的消声器的立体示意图。
图中：1-进气管、2-尿素喷射口、3-静态双向混合器、4-导流器、5-上层格栅、6-上层催化剂、7-消声器、8-下层催化剂、9-下层格栅、10-排气管、11-SCR反应壳体、12-合叶、13-维护盖板、14-维护口。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图1-7对本发明的较佳实施例进行详细阐述，以使本发明的优点和特征能更易于被本领域技术人员理解，从而对本发明的保护范围做出更为清楚明确的界定。
实施例：
如图1-7所示，本发明设计一种嵌入式柴油机废气SCR脱硝净化器，进气管1、壳体11、排气管10，所述壳体11下端连通所述的排气管10；所述进气管1上布置有倾斜的尿素喷射口2，倾斜的尿素喷射口有效的减少了来自废气的剪切力。
如图1-7所示，所述进气管1后连接静态双向混合器3，内外圈的叶片倾斜方向相反使得旋转气流混合更加均匀。
如图1-7所示，所述壳体11上端布置有导流器4，混合器均匀导流进入进行反应；所述壳体11一侧布置有维护口14；所述壳体11内侧设有所述上层格栅5、所述消声器7、所述下层格栅9；所述上层格栅5、所述消声器7、所述下层格栅9嵌入所述壳体11中；所述上层催化剂载体6放置于所述上层格栅5上；所述下层催化剂载体8放置于所述下层格栅9上；所述上层格栅5、消声器7、下层格栅9均通过所述维护口14装入壳体内；所述的导流装置4焊接于所述壳体11前端；所述维护盖板13与所述壳体11之间通过所述合叶12进行连接，将SCR技术和消音技术有机的结合在一起，既解决了SCR结构体积大、安装成本高的问题，又解决了柴油机排气系统布置于船舶时的空间紧张问题，具有明显的实用价值。所述一种嵌入式柴油机废气SCR脱硝净化器采用嵌入抽屉式的方法安装催化剂载体，便于催化剂载体的更换；催化剂依附于催化剂载体表面，可以有效加快氨气与氮氧化物的反应速率。
本发明的工作原理是：在使用中，柴油机尾气经过进气管1进入，与此同时尿素从尿素喷射口2喷入，经过静态双向混合器3进行充分混合形成混合气，再经导流器4将混合气更加均匀的导入上层催化剂载体6内进行初步的催化反应，再经过消声器7表面上的消音孔，再流经下层催化剂8二次发生催化反应，最后再从排气管10排出。废气混合气流经上层催化剂载体6和下层催化剂载体8时，因其内部蜂窝结构气流声波干涉减小。维护时，打开维护盖板13，将内部催化剂载体6、催化剂载体8、上层格栅5和下层格栅9等取出进行维护即可。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种嵌入式柴油机废气SCR脱硝净化器，包括进气管(1)、尿素喷射管(2)、SCR反应壳体(11)、维护盖板(13)、进气管(1)和排气管(10)，其特征在于，尿素喷射管(2)的输入端与柴油机排气端相连，进气管(1)输出端与SCR反应壳体(11)相连；排气管(10)设于SCR反应壳体(11)的末端，所述尿素喷射管(2)的前端设有氮氧化物传感器，排气管(10)末端设有氨传感器，尿素喷射管(2)的后端设有静态双向混合器(3)，静态双向混合器(3)下方的SCR反应壳体(11)内依次设有导流器(4)、上层格栅(5)、上层催化剂(6)、消声器(7)、下层格栅(9)及下层催化剂(8)；所述壳体一个侧壁设有维护口(14)，所述维护口(14)处安装维护盖。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种嵌入式柴油机废气SCR脱硝净化器，其特征在于，所述尿素喷射管(2)口尿素泵斜着喷入尿素。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种嵌入式柴油机废气SCR脱硝净化器，其特征在于，所述静态双向混合器(3)，内外圈的叶片倾斜方向相反使得旋转气流混合更加均匀。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种嵌入式柴油机废气SCR脱硝净化器，其特征在于，所述导流器(4)内部安装四个导流板。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种嵌入式柴油机废气SCR脱硝净化器，其特征在于，所述静态双向混合器(3)及导流器(4)与SCR壳体之间采用焊接连接。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种嵌入式柴油机废气SCR脱硝净化器，其特征在于，所述SCR反应壳体(11)与维护盖板(13)采用合叶(12)连接。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种嵌入式柴油机废气SCR脱硝净化器，其特征在于，所述催化剂载体内部为蜂窝状结构，且催化剂载体内孔表面依附适量反应催化剂。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种嵌入式柴油机废气SCR脱硝净化器，其特征在于，所述上层格栅(5)、上层催化剂(6)、下层格栅(9)及下层催化剂(8)均采用嵌入式方法，嵌入SCR壳体中。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种嵌入式柴油机废气SCR脱硝净化器，其特征在于，所述维护盖板(13)与所述催化剂壳体接触的部分粘贴有耐高温耐腐蚀的密封条。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种嵌入式柴油机废气SCR脱硝净化器，其特征在于，所述上层催化剂(6)和下层催化剂(8)之间设置有连通管，且连通管外表面分布大量消音孔。
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