CN113914318A - Anti-impact wear-resistant facing structure of hydraulic drainage structure and construction method - Google Patents
Anti-impact wear-resistant facing structure of hydraulic drainage structure and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113914318A CN113914318A CN202111077119.5A CN202111077119A CN113914318A CN 113914318 A CN113914318 A CN 113914318A CN 202111077119 A CN202111077119 A CN 202111077119A CN 113914318 A CN113914318 A CN 113914318A
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 185
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 185
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 dowel bars Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D15/00—Handling building or like materials for hydraulic engineering or foundations
- E02D15/02—Handling of bulk concrete specially for foundation or hydraulic engineering purposes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/10—Dams; Dykes; Sluice ways or other structures for dykes, dams, or the like
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/128—Coherent linings made on the spot, e.g. cast in situ, extruded on the spot
Abstract
The invention discloses an anti-impact wear-resistant facing structure of a hydraulic drainage building and a construction method, wherein I-shaped steel is arranged at the bottom of the facing structure, is arranged on lower-structure concrete at intervals along the water flow direction and is connected with the lower-structure concrete through inverted U-shaped inserting ribs; the steel rails are arranged on the upper parts of the I-shaped steels, the axial direction of the steel rails is the same as the water flow direction, the steel rails are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the I-shaped steels, and the steel rails are reliably welded with the I-shaped steels at the crossed parts; the flat steel is arranged in the gap of the steel rail and is arranged at a certain distance along the water flow direction, the flat steel is vertical to the surface of the lower structural concrete, and the flat steel is reliably welded with the I-shaped steel or the joint bar. Backfilling concrete in the gap between the steel rail and the I-shaped steel, and pouring the concrete to a position away from the top surface of the steel rail by a certain distance; the epoxy concrete is a gap filling material between steel rails with certain thickness, and the top surface of the epoxy concrete is flush with the top surface of the steel rails. The structure has the advantages of good toughness, strong shock resistance, convenient construction and low later maintenance cost, and can effectively resist the impact damage of the large-particle-size bed carriers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a surface protection structure of a hydraulic engineering water release structure, which is particularly used for rivers with steep slope and large particle size of bed load, and can effectively enhance the impact resistance and wear resistance of the hydraulic engineering structure.
Background
The abrasion impact damage is one of the common problems of hydraulic engineering water release buildings and is an important factor influencing the durability of the hydraulic engineering buildings, and the damage phenomenon is more serious especially when the flow velocity of water flow is high and bed loads such as sand and stone and the like are carried in the water flow. In the southwest area of China, Xinjiang and other areas, mountain rivers are mainly used, river valleys in the areas are narrow, river bed slope fall is large, a large amount of bed load enters a river channel under the action of rainfall in the flood season, the particle size of part of the bed load is large, and the bed load mostly moves forward in a rolling or jumping motion mode in water flow, so that buildings are washed and abraded, and the operation safety is influenced.
For a steep-slope-drop river with large particle size and multiple bed load, the conventional anti-impact wear-resistant materials cannot effectively resist the damage of the bed load, the structure needs to be repaired by building a cofferdam again after a flood, a plurality of power stations are in an annual repair state, the maintenance cost is high, and the power generation benefit is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing the anti-impact wear-resistant facing structure of the hydraulic water release structure and the construction method, which have the advantages of good toughness, strong impact resistance, convenient construction and low later maintenance cost, thereby effectively solving the problems of the surface impact resistance and wear resistance of the river water release structure with steep slope and large particle size and multiple bed masses.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: an anti-impact wear-resistant facing structure of a hydraulic release structure comprises I-shaped steel, dowel bars, steel rails, flat steel, backfilled concrete and epoxy concrete, a plurality of I-shaped steel bars are arranged on the lower structure concrete at certain intervals along the water flow direction, the axial direction of the I-shaped steel bars is vertical to the water flow direction, the I-shaped steel bars are connected with the lower structure concrete through dowel bars, a plurality of steel rails which are vertical to the plurality of I-shaped steel and are reliably welded with the I-shaped steel at the intersection position along the water flow direction are arranged on the upper surface of the I-shaped steel, a plurality of flat steels with the tops flush with the top surfaces of the steel rails are arranged between the gaps of the two adjacent steel rails along the water flow direction, the flat steels are perpendicular to the surface of the lower structural concrete and are tightly attached to the surfaces of the I-shaped steel or the dowel steel, and backfilling concrete is poured in the gap between the steel rail and the I-shaped steel, a layer of epoxy concrete is also poured on the backfilling concrete, and the top surface of the epoxy concrete is flush with the top surface of the steel rail.
The inserted bars are inverted U-shaped inserted bars which are arranged at certain intervals along the axial direction of the I-shaped steel, inverted U-shaped inserted bars are anchored into the lower structural concrete and meet the requirement of anchoring length, and the horizontal bent parts of the inverted U-shaped inserted bars are reliably welded with the upper wing edge of the I-shaped steel.
The space between the two joint bars is 800 mm-1200 mm along the central line of the I-shaped steel.
The steel rails are hot rolled steel rails for railways, and the distance between the central lines of two adjacent steel rails is not less than 150 mm.
The bottom of the flat steel extends to the surface of the lower structural concrete, the flat steel I-shaped steel or the joint bars are reliably welded, and the distance between the center lines of adjacent flat steels on the same I-shaped steel is set to be 2000-3000 mm.
And the grade of the backfilled concrete is not less than that of the concrete of the lower structure.
The thickness of the epoxy concrete is not less than 30 mm.
The construction method of the anti-impact wear-resistant facing structure of the hydraulic release structure comprises the following steps:
s1, chiseling the surface of the lower structure concrete, and arranging I-shaped steel on the lower structure concrete at intervals along the water flow direction;
s2, drilling holes at two sides of the I-shaped steel at certain intervals, implanting inverted U-shaped inserting bars to connect with the lower concrete, and reliably welding the horizontal bent parts of the inverted U-shaped inserting bars with the upper flange of the I-shaped steel;
s3, arranging the steel rails on the upper parts of the I-beams, arranging the steel rails at certain intervals along the axial direction of the I-beams, and reliably welding the steel rails with the I-beams at the intersection parts, wherein the joint positions of the steel rails are arranged at the intersection parts of the I-beams and the steel rails and are reliably welded;
s4, arranging flat steel in the gap of the steel rail and at certain intervals along the water flow direction, wherein the axial direction of the flat steel is vertical to the surface of the lower structural concrete, and the flat steel is arranged at the position of the I-shaped steel and is reliably welded with the I-shaped steel or the joint bar;
s5, filling concrete between the rails, pouring the concrete to a position with a certain distance from the top surface of the steel rail, and vibrating the backfilled concrete to be compact;
s6, chiseling the surface of the backfilled concrete, cleaning oil stains on the surface of the backfilled concrete, brushing epoxy base liquid, filling epoxy concrete on the epoxy base liquid in a layered mode, and enabling the top surface of the epoxy concrete to be flush with the top surface of the steel rail.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) compared with the traditional surface protection materials such as steel plates and the like, the surface protection structure has the advantages of convenient construction and small construction difficulty for the steep-slope-fall and large-particle-size and multi-load river; (2) the anti-impact performance and the durability are strong, the impact wear damage of the bed load can be resisted for a long time, the service life of the building is prolonged, and the economic benefit is improved; (3) the surface protection materials such as traditional steel plates are easy to be damaged in a large scale after being locally damaged, and are high in maintenance cost and difficulty, the surface protection structure is strong in integrity, small in local damage maintenance difficulty, low in cost, short in time and low in later maintenance cost, and large-scale damage can not occur.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of an impact-resistant and wear-resistant facing structure of a hydraulic outlet structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the anti-impact wear-resistant facing structure of the hydraulic drainage structure of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the anti-impact wear-resistant facing structure of the hydraulic outlet structure of the invention.
In the figure: 1- - -a steel rail; 2- - -I-steel; 3- -inserting a rib; 4- -backfilling concrete; 5- -infrastructure concrete; 6- - -epoxy concrete; 7-flat steel
The direction indicated by the arrow is the direction of water flow.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention; it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any inventive work are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "top/bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "sleeved/connected," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., "connected," which may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
As shown in figures 1-3, the anti-impact wear-resistant surface protection structure of the hydraulic release building comprises I-shaped steel 2, dowel bars 3, steel rails 1, flat steel 7, backfill concrete 4 and epoxy concrete 6, wherein a plurality of I-shaped steel 2 are arranged on lower structural concrete 5 at intervals along the water flow direction, the axial direction of the I-shaped steel is vertical to the water flow direction, the I-shaped steel 2 is connected with the lower structural concrete 5 through the dowel bars 3, a plurality of steel rails 1 which are vertical to the I-shaped steel 2 and are reliably welded with the I-shaped steel 2 at the intersection position are arranged on the upper surface of the I-shaped steel 2 along the water flow direction, a plurality of flat steel 7 with the top part of the steel rail 1 are arranged between the gaps of two adjacent steel rails 1 along the water flow direction, the flat steel 7 is vertical to the surface of the lower structural concrete 5 and is tightly attached to the surfaces of the I-shaped steel 2 or the dowel bars 3, the backfill concrete 4 is poured in the gaps of the steel rails 1 and the I-shaped steel 2 in a flush manner, and a layer of epoxy concrete 6 is further poured on the backfilling concrete 4, and the top surface of the epoxy concrete 6 is flush with the top surface of the steel rail 1. The epoxy concrete is a steel rail gap filling material with a certain thickness.
The inserted bars 3 are inverted U-shaped inserted bars which are arranged at certain intervals along the axial direction of the I-shaped steel, inverted U-shaped inserted bars are anchored into the lower structural concrete and meet the requirement of anchoring length, and the horizontal bent parts of the inverted U-shaped inserted bars are reliably welded with the upper flange of the I-shaped steel. The distance between the two dowel bars 3 is 800-1200 mm along the central line of the I-shaped steel, and the distance can be determined according to hydraulic characteristics, structural body types, silt characteristics and the like.
The steel rails 1 are hot rolled steel rails for railways, and the distance between the central lines of two adjacent steel rails is not less than 150 mm. Can be determined according to hydraulic characteristics, average particle size of bed load, structural body type, silt characteristics and the like.
The bottom of the flat steel 7 extends to the surface of the lower structural concrete 5, the flat steel I-shaped steel or the joint bar is reliably welded, and the distance between the center lines of the adjacent flat steels on the same I-shaped steel 2 is set to be 2000-3000 mm.
The backfill concrete 4 is no less than the infrastructure concrete 5. The thickness of the epoxy concrete 6 is not less than 30 mm. The epoxy concrete is formed by mixing epoxy mortar with fine stones, and the top surface of the epoxy concrete is flush with the top surface of the steel rail.
The invention discloses a construction method of an anti-impact wear-resistant facing structure of a hydraulic release structure, which comprises the following steps:
s1, chiseling the surface of the lower structure concrete, and arranging I-shaped steel on the lower structure concrete at intervals along the water flow direction;
s2, drilling holes at two sides of the I-shaped steel at certain intervals, implanting inverted U-shaped inserting bars to connect with the lower concrete, and reliably welding the horizontal bent parts of the inverted U-shaped inserting bars with the upper flange of the I-shaped steel;
s3, arranging the steel rails on the upper parts of the I-beams, arranging the steel rails at certain intervals along the axial direction of the I-beams, and reliably welding the steel rails with the I-beams at the intersection parts, wherein the joint positions of the steel rails are arranged at the intersection parts of the I-beams and the steel rails and are reliably welded;
s4, arranging flat steel in the gap of the steel rail and at certain intervals along the water flow direction, wherein the axial direction of the flat steel is vertical to the surface of the lower structural concrete, and the flat steel is arranged at the position of the I-shaped steel and is reliably welded with the I-shaped steel or the joint bar;
s5, filling concrete between the rails, pouring the concrete to a position with a certain distance from the top surface of the steel rail, and vibrating the backfilled concrete to be compact;
s6, chiseling the surface of the backfilled concrete, cleaning oil stains on the surface of the backfilled concrete, brushing epoxy base liquid, filling epoxy concrete on the epoxy base liquid in a layered mode, and enabling the top surface of the epoxy concrete to be flush with the top surface of the steel rail.
The following will be further explained by taking a certain conventional hydropower station project adopting the technical scheme of the invention as an example and combining the accompanying drawings:
in a certain conventional hydropower station project, due to the facts that a river channel where a power station is located is steep in longitudinal slope, rainfall in rainy season is large, and landslide and debris flow phenomena occur frequently, a large amount of bed load is gathered into the river channel, and the particle size is large, the anti-impact wear-resistant structure type is arranged on the overflow weir surface of the barrage and the surface layer of the downstream apron.
Arranging 1I 18I-shaped steel (I-shaped steel 2) parallel to the axis of the dam every 1000mm along the water flow direction, arranging one inverted U-shaped phi 25 dowel steel (dowel steel 3) every 1000mm along the axis direction of the I-shaped steel, anchoring the dowel steel into lower structural concrete (lower structural concrete 5), and welding the horizontal bent part of the dowel steel with the upper flange of the I-shaped steel (I-shaped steel 2) (double-sided welding); the steel rail (steel rail 1) is 38kg/m in specification, the steel rail (steel rail 1) is arranged on the I-shaped steel (I-shaped steel 2) and is reliably welded with the I-shaped steel (I-shaped steel 2), and the center distance of the steel rail (steel rail 1) is 20 cm; arranging 80x8 flat steel (flat steel 7) in a steel rail gap at intervals of 2000mm along the water flow direction, wherein the flat steel is arranged at the position of the I-shaped steel and reliably welded with the I-shaped steel or the joint bars (the joint bar parts are arranged); c40 silicon powder concrete (backfilled concrete 4) is filled between the rails, the position 5cm away from the top surface is poured, and epoxy concrete (epoxy concrete 6) is adopted for pouring 5cm away from the top surface.
Compared with the traditional armor materials such as steel plates and the like, the armor structure is convenient to construct and small in construction difficulty; the other power stations in the area of the power station are always in the annual repair state, the impact-resistant wear-resistant protective surface has strong impact resistance and durability, can resist impact wear damage of bed load for a long time, prolongs the service life of a building and further improves economic benefits; the traditional armor materials such as steel plates and the like are easy to be damaged in a large scale after being locally damaged, the maintenance cost is high, the difficulty is high, the structural integrity of the armor is strong, the large-scale damage cannot occur, the local damage maintenance difficulty is small, the cost is low, the time is short, and a large amount of maintenance cost is saved every year.
The invention adopts the structural style of anti-impact wear-resistant facing consisting of I-steel, steel rail and epoxy concrete, and can effectively solve the problems of anti-impact wear resistance of the surface of a steep-slope-drop, large-particle-size and multi-bed-load river drainage building.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and to carry out the same, and the present invention shall not be limited to the embodiments, i.e. the equivalent changes or modifications made within the spirit of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The anti-impact wear-resistant surface protection structure of the hydraulic release building is characterized by comprising I-shaped steel (2), dowel bars (3), steel rails (1), flat steel (7), backfill concrete (4) and epoxy concrete (6), wherein a plurality of I-shaped steel (2) are arranged on lower structural concrete (5) at certain intervals along the water flow direction, the axis direction of the I-shaped steel is vertical to the water flow direction, the I-shaped steel (2) is connected with the lower structural concrete (5) through the dowel bars (3), a plurality of steel rails (1) which are vertical to the I-shaped steel (2) and are welded with the I-shaped steel (2) reliably at the crossed parts are arranged on the upper surface of the I-shaped steel (2), a plurality of flat steel (7) with the tops flush with the top surfaces of the steel rails (1) are arranged between the gaps of two adjacent steel rails (1) along the water flow direction, the flat steel (7) and the surface of the lower structural concrete (5) are vertical to and cling to the surfaces of the I-shaped steel (2) or the dowel bars (3), backfill concrete (4) is poured in the gap between the steel rail (1) and the I-shaped steel (2), a layer of epoxy concrete (6) is also poured on the backfill concrete (4), and the top surface of the epoxy concrete (6) is flush with the top surface of the steel rail (1).
2. The anti-impact wear-resistant surface protecting structure of the hydraulic water outlet building according to claim 1, wherein the inserting bars (3) are n-shaped inserting bars which are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the I-shaped steel, the n-shaped inserting bars are anchored in the lower structural concrete and meet the requirement of anchoring length, and the horizontal bending parts of the n-shaped inserting bars are reliably welded with the upper wing edges of the I-shaped steel.
3. The anti-impact wear-resistant facing structure of the hydraulic outlet building as claimed in claim 2, wherein the distance between the two dowel bars (3) is 800 mm-1200 mm along the center line of the I-shaped steel.
4. The hydraulic release structure of claim 1, wherein the rails (1) are hot rolled rails for railway, and the distance between the central lines of two adjacent rails is not less than 150 mm.
5. The anti-impact wear-resistant facing structure of the hydraulic drainage building as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bottom of the flat steel (7) extends to the surface of the lower structural concrete (5), the flat steel I-beams or the joint bars are reliably welded, and the distance between the center lines of the adjacent flat steels on the same I-beam (2) is set to be 2000 mm-3000 mm.
6. The hydraulic outlet building impact-resistant wear-resistant facing structure according to claim 1, wherein the backfill concrete (4) is no less than the substructure concrete (5) designation.
7. The hydraulic outlet building impact-resistant wear-resistant facing structure according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the epoxy concrete (6) is not less than 30 mm.
8. A construction method of the impact-resistant wear-resistant facing structure of the hydraulic outlet building as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
s1, chiseling the surface of the lower structure concrete, and arranging I-shaped steel on the lower structure concrete at intervals along the water flow direction;
s2, drilling holes at two sides of the I-shaped steel at certain intervals, implanting inverted U-shaped inserting bars to connect with the lower concrete, and reliably welding the horizontal bent parts of the inverted U-shaped inserting bars with the upper flange of the I-shaped steel;
s3, arranging the steel rails on the upper parts of the I-beams, arranging the steel rails at certain intervals along the axial direction of the I-beams, and reliably welding the steel rails with the I-beams at the intersection parts, wherein the joint positions of the steel rails are arranged at the intersection parts of the I-beams and the steel rails and are reliably welded;
s4, arranging flat steel in the gap of the steel rail and at certain intervals along the water flow direction, wherein the axial direction of the flat steel is vertical to the surface of the lower structural concrete, and the flat steel is arranged at the position of the I-shaped steel and is reliably welded with the I-shaped steel or the joint bar;
s5, filling concrete between the rails, pouring the concrete to a position with a certain distance from the top surface of the steel rail, and vibrating the backfilled concrete to be compact;
s6, chiseling the surface of the backfilled concrete, cleaning oil stains on the surface of the backfilled concrete, brushing epoxy base liquid, filling epoxy concrete on the epoxy base liquid in a layered mode, and enabling the top surface of the epoxy concrete to be flush with the top surface of the steel rail.
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US20050115195A1 (en) * | 2003-12-01 | 2005-06-02 | D. S. Brown Co. | Prestressed or post-tension composite structural system |
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2021
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US20050115195A1 (en) * | 2003-12-01 | 2005-06-02 | D. S. Brown Co. | Prestressed or post-tension composite structural system |
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CN204533832U (en) * | 2015-02-11 | 2015-08-05 | 中建三局机电工程有限公司 | A kind of bracket fixing device on steel I-beam |
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