CN113912453A - Synergistic phosphate fertilizer suitable for alkaline soil and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Synergistic phosphate fertilizer suitable for alkaline soil and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113912453A CN113912453A CN202111419117.XA CN202111419117A CN113912453A CN 113912453 A CN113912453 A CN 113912453A CN 202111419117 A CN202111419117 A CN 202111419117A CN 113912453 A CN113912453 A CN 113912453A
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- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 21-Deoxycortisone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)C)(O)[C@@]1(C)CC2=O PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fulvic acid Natural products O1C2=CC(O)=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1CC(C)(O)OC2 FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002509 fulvic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229940095100 fulvic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 35
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 abstract description 30
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 30
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 38
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 17
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 15
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 15
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 10
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 244000221633 Brassica rapa subsp chinensis Species 0.000 description 8
- 235000010149 Brassica rapa subsp chinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 8
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009418 agronomic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010020346 Polyglutamic Acid Proteins 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical group [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013401 experimental design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920002643 polyglutamic acid Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000007124 Brassica oleracea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003899 Brassica oleracea var acephala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011301 Brassica oleracea var capitata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000001169 Brassica oleracea var oleracea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000004160 Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000608 Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical class O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036782 biological activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;magnesium;phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 230000009920 chelation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- RQFQJYYMBWVMQG-IXDPLRRUSA-N chitotriose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](N)[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](N)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)N)[C@@H](CO)O1 RQFQJYYMBWVMQG-IXDPLRRUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000020774 essential nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- LCRMGUFGEDUSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalen-1-ylsulfonyloxymethyl naphthalene-1-sulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(OCOS(=O)(=O)C=3C4=CC=CC=C4C=CC=3)=O)=CC=CC2=C1 LCRMGUFGEDUSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008979 phosphorus utilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008121 plant development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical group [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
- C05G5/37—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings layered or coated with a polymer
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a synergistic phosphate fertilizer suitable for alkaline soil and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing a binder and an organic acid to obtain a coating liquid; placing the phosphate fertilizer in a fluidized bed to enable the phosphate fertilizer to be in a fluidized state; and spraying the coating liquid on the surface of a phosphate fertilizer to obtain the synergistic phosphate fertilizer. The coating liquid with synergistic effect is sprayed on the surface of the phosphate fertilizer by the coating technology, so that the accumulated phosphorus in alkaline soil can be activated, the phosphate fertilizer is prevented from being rapidly fixed, the content of available phosphorus in the soil and the absorption and conversion of the phosphate fertilizer by crops are improved, and the crop yield is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a synergistic phosphate fertilizer suitable for alkaline soil and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Phosphorus is one of essential nutrient elements for plant growth and development, and is rapidly fixed in soil due to the special physicochemical properties of soil and the chemical behavior of phosphate, and the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer in season is only 10% -25%. Farmers often guarantee crop yield through large-scale phosphorus application, the phosphorus accumulated in farmland soil reaches a high level due to long-term phosphorus application, the surplus total amount of phosphorus is about 1035.8 ten thousand tons, the average content of quick-acting phosphorus is only 12.89mg/kg, and water eutrophication is easily caused by large-scale phosphorus application. Therefore, the problem that the improvement of the seasonal utilization rate of the phosphate fertilizer needs to be solved urgently in the field of agricultural resources.
The chemical phosphate fertilizers on the market are mainly traditional phosphate fertilizers and are divided into water-soluble phosphate fertilizers and citrate-soluble phosphate fertilizers. The water-soluble phosphate fertilizer mainly comprises monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate, triple superphosphate and the like, can be quickly fixed by soil when applied to the soil, and has low utilization rate of the phosphate fertilizer; the citrate soluble phosphate fertilizer is mainly a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and has slow release and low effectiveness. The defects of the traditional phosphate fertilizer are as follows: the nutrient proportion is fixed, and the requirements of various soils and various crops are difficult to meet.
In recent years, researchers utilize phosphorus activators such as physical activation materials (zeolite, fly ash and lignin), chemical activation materials (humic acid) and biological activation materials (mycorrhizal fungi agent and phosphatase) as fertilizer synergists to combine with phosphate fertilizers to form acidified phosphate fertilizers, carrier phosphate fertilizers and the like, and the slow release and synergistic effects can be achieved. The modified bentonite can be mixed with the phosphate fertilizer/compound fertilizer to enhance the strength of fertilizer particles, adsorb and release HPO (HPO)4 2-And PO4 3-(ii) a The modified synergistic phosphate fertilizer is obtained by compounding lignin and diammonium phosphate according to a certain proportion, can improve the content of quick-acting phosphorus in soil by 10-20%, and can respectively increase the yield of winter wheat and summer corn by 18.5% and 14.4%. The development and application of humic acid phosphate fertilizer formed by high molecular organic acid such as humic acid are also reported, and the humic acid can promote the growth of corn, increase the quality of dried corn and improve the phosphorus absorption of the corn. The use of various organic acids as the protective agent and activator of phosphate fertilizers is receiving attention from the development technology of new generation of phosphate fertilizers.
In recent years, researchers also develop a plurality of novel synergistic phosphate fertilizers, and CN112592243A discloses a novel phosphate fertilizer for improving the utilization efficiency of the phosphate fertilizer, wherein urea, calcium superphosphate and straws are mixed and granulated to prepare the novel phosphate fertilizer for improving the utilization efficiency of the phosphate fertilizer; CN112028690A discloses a slow-release synergistic phosphate fertilizer, wherein a shell is prepared by adding raw materials for biodegradation, chelation and soil structure improvement into the phosphate fertilizer, and the shell comprises chitosan oligosaccharide, sulfur, citric acid and tartaric acid; the inner core comprises phosphate fertilizer, polyglutamic acid, activated humic acid, alginic acid and polyacrylamide. CN111004065A discloses a phosphate fertilizer synergist, which comprises: humic acid, polyglutamic acid, carboxymethyl chitosan, EDTA chelated trace elements and sodium methylene dinaphthalene sulfonate. The synergistic phosphate fertilizer utilizes various physical and chemical activators to carry out compounding to increase the utilization and absorption of the phosphate fertilizer by crops, but the application conditions of organic acid as a synergist are different, and no novel synergistic phosphate fertilizer suitable for alkaline soil and specific crops exists so far.
Therefore, the research on the novel synergistic phosphate fertilizer which is low in cost, free of pollution to the environment and suitable for regional application is very important.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a synergistic phosphate fertilizer suitable for alkaline soil and a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the technical effect, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a synergistic phosphate fertilizer suitable for alkaline soil, which includes a phosphate fertilizer and a film layer coated on a surface of the phosphate fertilizer, wherein the film layer includes an organic acid and a binder.
According to the invention, the phosphate fertilizer is coated by the coating liquid with a synergistic effect, so that the phosphate fertilizer can be prevented from entering the soil and being rapidly fixed by metal ions such as calcium in the alkaline soil, the moving distance of the phosphate fertilizer in the soil is increased, the utilization rate of the phosphate fertilizer is improved, secondary pollution is not generated, the requirement of crop growth in the alkaline soil is met, and the crop yield is improved.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the organic acid comprises oxalic acid and biochemical fulvic acid.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the oxalic acid to the biochemical fulvic acid is (1-3): 1 may be, for example, 1:1, 1.4:1, 1.8:1, 2:1, 2.4:1, 2.8:1 or 3:1, but is not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the numerical range are also applicable.
In the invention, the high molecular weight organic acid (biochemical fulvic acid) is selected to competitively adsorb metal ions with phosphorus, so that the fixation of phosphorus is reduced, the growth of crop root systems can be promoted, the activity of organic phosphorus in soil can be improved, and the content of available phosphorus in soil is increased; the low molecular weight organic acid (oxalic acid) is selected to activate the accumulated phosphorus in the alkaline soil and improve the content of available phosphorus in the soil, thereby promoting the absorption and utilization of crops and improving the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the binder comprises polyvinyl alcohol and starch.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to the starch is (0.5-1.5): 1 may be, for example, 0.5:1, 0.7:1, 0.9:1, 12:1, 1.1:1, 1.3:1 or 1.5:1, etc., but is not limited to the enumerated values, and other values not enumerated within the numerical range are also applicable.
In the present invention, the binder has a coating effect.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the phosphate fertilizer comprises diammonium phosphate.
Preferably, the particle size of the diammonium phosphate is 2-4mm, and may be, for example, 2mm, 2.2mm, 2.4mm, 2.6mm, 2.8mm, 3mm, 3.2mm, 3.4mm, 3.6mm, 3.8mm, or 4mm, etc., but not limited to the values recited, and other values not recited within the range of values are also applicable.
As a preferable technical scheme, the synergistic phosphate fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 82-96 parts of diammonium phosphate, 1-6 parts of oxalic acid, 1-3 parts of biochemical fulvic acid, 1-4.5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 1-4.5 parts of starch.
The diammonium phosphate is 82-96 parts by weight, for example, 82 parts, 84 parts, 86 parts, 88 parts, 90 parts, 92 parts, 94 parts or 96 parts, but the invention is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the numerical range are also applicable.
The oxalic acid is used in an amount of 1 to 6 parts by weight, for example, 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts or 6 parts, but is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not shown in the above-mentioned numerical ranges are also applicable.
The amount of the fulvic acid is 1 to 3 parts by weight, and may be, for example, 1 part, 1.2 parts, 1.4 parts, 1.6 parts, 1.8 parts, 2 parts, 2.2 parts, 2.4 parts, 2.6 parts, 2.8 parts or 3 parts, but not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not shown in the above-mentioned numerical ranges are also applicable.
The polyvinyl alcohol may be used in an amount of 1 to 4.5 parts by weight, for example, 1 part, 1.5 parts, 2 parts, 2.5 parts, 3 parts, 3.5 parts, 4 parts or 4.5 parts, but is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not shown in the above-mentioned numerical ranges are also applicable.
The starch is present in an amount of 1 to 4.5 parts by weight, for example 1 part, 1.5 parts, 2 parts, 2.5 parts, 3 parts, 3.5 parts, 4 parts or 4.5 parts, but not limited to the recited amounts, and other values not recited in the numerical ranges are also applicable.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the synergistic phosphate fertilizer of the first aspect, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
mixing a binder and an organic acid to obtain a coating liquid;
placing the phosphate fertilizer in a fluidized bed to enable the phosphate fertilizer to be in a fluidized state;
and spraying the coating liquid on the surface of a phosphate fertilizer to obtain the synergistic phosphate fertilizer.
In the invention, the organic acid and the phosphate fertilizer are not simply compounded/compounded, but are mixed with the binder to prepare the coating liquid which is sprayed on the surface of the phosphate fertilizer to obtain the synergistic phosphate fertilizer. The synergistic phosphate fertilizer can activate accumulated phosphorus in alkaline soil, prevent the phosphate fertilizer from being rapidly fixed, improve the absorption and conversion of the phosphate fertilizer by crops and improve the crop yield.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the preparation method of the coating solution specifically comprises the following steps: mixing polyvinyl alcohol and water, heating and dissolving, cooling to 40-50 ℃, uniformly mixing with starch, cooling to room temperature, and uniformly mixing with organic acid to obtain the coating liquid.
Preferably, the mass-to-volume ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to the water is 50 to 80g/L, for example, 50g/L, 60g/L, 70g/L, or 80g/L, etc., but is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the numerical range are also applicable.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heating temperature is 90 to 100 ℃, for example, 90 ℃, 92 ℃, 94 ℃, 95 ℃, 96 ℃, 98 ℃ or 100 ℃, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not shown in the numerical range are also applicable.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the fluidized bed is 75 to 85 ℃, and may be, for example, 75 ℃, 77 ℃, 79 ℃, 80 ℃, 81 ℃, 83 ℃ or 85 ℃, but is not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the numerical range are also applicable.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a use of the synergistic phosphate fertilizer prepared by the second aspect, wherein the synergistic phosphate fertilizer is applied to alkaline soil.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the coating liquid with synergistic effect is sprayed on the surface of the phosphate fertilizer by the coating technology, so that the phosphate fertilizer can be protected from entering the soil and being rapidly fixed by metal ions such as calcium and the like in the alkaline soil, the moving distance of the phosphate fertilizer in the soil is increased, accumulated phosphorus in the alkaline soil can be activated, the content of available phosphorus in the soil and the absorption and conversion of the phosphate fertilizer by crops are improved, and the yield of the crops is increased.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the present invention, the present invention will now be described by way of examples. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the examples are only for the understanding of the present invention and should not be construed as the specific limitations of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a synergistic phosphate fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: mixing 1.5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and water according to 100 parts by weight of synergistic phosphate fertilizer, heating and dissolving at 95 ℃, wherein the mass volume ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to the water is 65g/L, cooling to 45 ℃, uniformly mixing with 1.5 parts of starch, cooling to room temperature, and uniformly mixing with 2 parts of oxalic acid and 1 part of biochemical fulvic acid to obtain a coating liquid. And (2) placing 94 parts of diammonium phosphate with the particle size of 3mm in a fluidized bed to enable the diammonium phosphate to be in a fluidized state, wherein the temperature of the fluidized bed is 80 ℃, spraying the coating liquid onto the surface of diammonium phosphate in the fluidized state in an atomizing manner by adopting a two-fluid nozzle, and cooling to obtain the synergistic phosphate fertilizer.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a synergistic phosphate fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: mixing 1 part of polyvinyl alcohol and water at 90 ℃ according to 100 parts by weight of the synergistic phosphate fertilizer, heating and dissolving the mixture, wherein the mass volume ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to the water is 50g/L, cooling to 40 ℃, uniformly mixing the mixture with 1 part of starch, cooling to room temperature, and uniformly mixing the mixture with 2 parts of oxalic acid and 1 part of biochemical fulvic acid to obtain a coating liquid. 95 parts of diammonium phosphate with the particle size of 2mm are placed in a fluidized bed to be in a fluidized state, the temperature of the fluidized bed is 75 ℃, a two-fluid nozzle is adopted to atomize and spray the coating liquid on the surface of the diammonium phosphate in the fluidized state, and the synergistic phosphate fertilizer is obtained after cooling.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a synergistic phosphate fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: mixing 4.5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and water according to 100 parts by weight of the synergistic phosphate fertilizer, heating and dissolving at 100 ℃, wherein the mass volume ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to the water is 80g/L, cooling to 50 ℃, uniformly mixing with 4.5 parts of starch, cooling to room temperature, and uniformly mixing with 6 parts of oxalic acid and 3 parts of biochemical fulvic acid to obtain a coating liquid. And (2) placing 82 parts of diammonium phosphate with the particle size of 4mm into a fluidized bed to enable the diammonium phosphate to be in a fluidized state, enabling the temperature of the fluidized bed to be 85 ℃, adopting a two-fluid nozzle to atomize and spray the coating liquid onto the surface of the diammonium phosphate in the fluidized state, and cooling to obtain the synergistic phosphate fertilizer.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a method for preparing a synergistic phosphate fertilizer, comprising the steps of: uniformly mixing 4 parts of oxalic acid and 2 parts of biochemical fulvic acid according to 100 parts by weight of synergistic phosphate fertilizer to obtain a coating liquid, placing 94 parts of diammonium phosphate with the particle size of 3mm in a fluidized bed to enable the diammonium phosphate to be in a fluidized state, controlling the temperature of the fluidized bed to be 80 ℃, spraying the coating liquid onto the surface of the diammonium phosphate in the fluidized state in an atomizing manner by adopting a two-fluid nozzle, and cooling to obtain the synergistic phosphate fertilizer.
The synergistic phosphate fertilizers prepared in examples 1-3 and comparative example 1 were applied to tests of fertilizer effect on pakchoi, summer corn and winter wheat.
Application example 1
The experimental design was as follows:
the test varieties are as follows: little cabbage (Brassica chinensis L)
Test site: yanfen city Yang Jiazhuang (112 degree 58 'E, 37 degree 42' N) Farmland, lime brown soil (0-20cm)
Test time: 9 month 2019
Fertilizer to be tested: common diammonium phosphate, a nitrogen fertilizer, a potassium fertilizer and four synergistic phosphate fertilizers in examples 1-3 and comparative example 1.
The fertilizer efficiency of the synergistic phosphate fertilizer is verified by adopting a pot experiment, six groups of treatments are set, namely CK1 treatment without fertilizer application, EG1 treatment with common diammonium phosphate (100 parts), EG2 treatment with the synergistic phosphate fertilizer obtained in the embodiment 1, EG3 treatment with the synergistic phosphate fertilizer obtained in the embodiment 2, EG4 treatment with the synergistic phosphate fertilizer obtained in the embodiment 3 and EG5 treatment with the synergistic phosphate fertilizer obtained in the embodiment 1, and the treatments are repeated for 4 times for 24 pots. Adding equal amount of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer into each pot, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is urea (N46.5%), and the application amount of N is 0.06g/kg dry soil; the potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride (K)2O60%), K was applied at 0.04g/kg dry soil and P was applied at 0.04g/kg dry soil. And (3) fully and uniformly mixing the fertilizer and the soil, performing conventional management according to the requirements of a pot experiment, and uniformly fixing 8 plants in each pot after the seedlings of the pakchoi emerge. After harvesting, the content of available phosphorus in soil and plants is measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the common diammonium phosphate applied to EG1, the synergistic phosphate fertilizer applied to EG2-EG4 provided by the invention has the advantages that the dry weight of the pakchoi is increased by 4.76-35.65%, the phosphorus absorption of the pakchoi is increased by 7.29-23.94%, and the effective phosphorus content of the soil is increased by 1.77-8.83%, which indicates that the synergistic phosphate fertilizer applied to EG2-EG4 promotes the growth of the pakchoi, improves the phosphorus utilization rate of the pakchoi, and promotes the biomass of the overground part of the pakchoi.
Compared with the synergistic phosphate fertilizer obtained in example 1 applied to EG2, the synergistic phosphate fertilizer applied to EG5 does not contain a binder, and organic acid and the phosphate fertilizer are simply mixed, so that the phosphate fertilizer enters soil and is rapidly fixed by metal ions such as calcium in alkaline soil, and the utilization rate of phosphorus is reduced.
Application example 2
The experimental design was as follows:
the test varieties are as follows: corn (denghai 685); wheat (Jimai 22)
Test site: quzhou province in Hebei province
Test time: 6 months in 2020-2021-6 months
Fertilizer to be tested: common diammonium phosphate, nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, four synergistic phosphate fertilizers in examples 1-3 and comparative example 1
The fertilizer efficiency verification of the synergistic phosphate fertilizer is carried out in a field, seven groups of treatments are provided, namely CK1 treatment without fertilizer application, EG1 treatment without fertilizer application, EG2 treatment with common diammonium phosphate (100 parts), EG3 treatment with the synergistic phosphate fertilizer obtained in example 1, EG4 treatment with the synergistic phosphate fertilizer obtained in example 2, EG5 treatment with the synergistic phosphate fertilizer obtained in example 3 and EG6 treatment with the synergistic phosphate fertilizer obtained in example 1, and the treatments are repeated for 3 times and total 21 plots. The nitrogenous fertilizer is urea (N46%, minus the nitrogen in the diammonium phosphate used), and the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate (K)2O50%), adopting optimized fertilization formula of wheat N-P2O5-K2O＝210-105-60(kg/hm2) Optimized fertilization formula N-P for corn2O5-K2O＝180-60-60(kg/hm2). Before winter wheat and summer corn are sowed in seasons, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are both used as base fertilizer for one time, and the ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer to the base fertilizer is 1: 1. Other cultivation management measures, such as irrigation, weeds, insect pests, diseases are consistent with local conventional cultivation techniques. The results are shown in Table 2.
The calculation formula of the agricultural utilization rate is shown as the formula (1):
agronomic utilization ratio (yield of applied phosphate fertilizer-yield of not applied phosphate fertilizer)/amount of applied phosphorus (1)
TABLE 2
As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the common diammonium phosphate applied by EG2, the yield of wheat applied with the synergistic phosphate fertilizer provided by the invention in EG3-EG5 is increased by 5.98-26.02%, and the agronomic utilization rate of the phosphate fertilizer is increased by 0.3-1.3 times; the corn yield is increased by 0.55-2.45%, and the phosphorus fertilizer agronomic utilization rate is increased by 0-1 time, which shows that the application of the synergistic phosphorus fertilizer can improve the phosphorus fertilizer agronomic utilization rate of wheat and corn, thereby improving the yield.
Compared with the synergistic phosphate fertilizer obtained in the example 1 applied to EG3, the synergistic phosphate fertilizer applied to EG6 does not contain a binder, and organic acid and the phosphate fertilizer are simply mixed, so that the phosphate fertilizer enters soil and is rapidly fixed by metal ions such as calcium in alkaline soil, the utilization rate of phosphorus is reduced, and the growth of wheat and corn cannot be well promoted.
The applicant declares that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1263142A (en) * | 2000-01-31 | 2000-08-16 | 张青文 | Saline-alkali soil improving agent and its preparation method |
| CN112094155A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2020-12-18 | 史丹利农业集团股份有限公司 | Synergistic phosphate fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1263142A (en) * | 2000-01-31 | 2000-08-16 | 张青文 | Saline-alkali soil improving agent and its preparation method |
| CN112094155A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2020-12-18 | 史丹利农业集团股份有限公司 | Synergistic phosphate fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 毛美琴，等: "磷酸二铵包膜缓释肥料的性能研究", 《无机盐工业》 * |
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