CN113909999B - Processing and detecting method for end face deep annular groove - Google Patents
Processing and detecting method for end face deep annular groove Download PDFInfo
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- CN113909999B CN113909999B CN202111213198.8A CN202111213198A CN113909999B CN 113909999 B CN113909999 B CN 113909999B CN 202111213198 A CN202111213198 A CN 202111213198A CN 113909999 B CN113909999 B CN 113909999B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/20—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring workpiece characteristics, e.g. contour, dimension, hardness
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P13/00—Making metal objects by operations essentially involving machining but not covered by a single other subclass
- B23P13/02—Making metal objects by operations essentially involving machining but not covered by a single other subclass in which only the machining operations are important
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Abstract
The invention provides a processing and detecting method of an end face deep annular groove, which processes the detectable major diameter of the annular groove according to the dimensional tolerance of design patterns, and determines the control range of the minor diameter; determining the size precision distribution of a set of sample gauges according to the groove width size tolerance zone; extending the sample into the groove according to the sequence from small to large, and detecting the actual size of the width of the groove; calculating the small diameter size, and adjusting the feed amount according to the actual small diameter size for processing; in this way, small diameter dimensions are processed and inspected. The invention has the advantages of simple structure of the required equipment, reliable and convenient operation, more visual, accurate and reliable control of the processing process and the inspection result by operators and inspection staff, reduction of the processing difficulty, improvement of the production efficiency and the product quality and satisfaction of the requirement of mass production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of machining and detection, in particular to a machining and detection method of an annular groove.
Background
The deep annular groove of the end face is widely used in a plurality of equipment structural members, the cross section is an L-shaped hook groove, the bottom is a plane, the two diameter sizes of the annular groove of the end face are both assembly fit sizes, and in order to ensure the reliability of equipment assembly, the processing and detection methods of the annular groove are particularly important. The groove width is controlled by the size of a large diameter and a small diameter, and the large diameter of the ring groove isSmall diameter ofThe distance between the groove bottom and the end face is 130mm, the length-diameter ratio of the cutter bar for machining the annular groove is larger than 18.5, machining and detection are difficult, and the structure is shown in fig. 3. The small diameter cannot be directly measured under the influence of the structural space position, and the traditional process method is to design a through and no-go gauge of the groove width size after theoretical calculation, so that the size control of the small diameter processing and detecting process is indirectly realized.
The method has the main problems that: the dimension of the processing process can not be monitored and controlled, the processing process is blind, the flexibility and the controllability are poor, the requirement on the skill of an operator is high, and the production efficiency is difficult to improve; the clearance gauge has smaller size tolerance zone (0.025 mm), the cutter bar has rebound and unstable factors in the extension processing, the size precision is difficult to control, the efficiency is low, a certain quality risk exists, and the production efficiency and the batch requirements are severely restricted. Meanwhile, the final inspection result of the product has no specific value, only whether the product is qualified or not can be judged, the actual state data of the product is incomplete, and big data statistics and analysis cannot be performed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the processing and detecting method for the deep annular groove on the end face, which has the advantages of simple structure of required equipment, reliable and convenient operation, more visual, accurate and reliable control of the processing process and the detecting result by operators and detecting personnel, reduction of the processing difficulty, improvement of the production efficiency and the product quality and satisfaction of the requirement of mass production.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems comprises the following steps:
1) Machining the large diameter of the detectable annular groove according to the dimensional tolerance of the design pattern;
2) Calculating the minimum size of the groove width according to the actual size of the large diameter and the theoretical maximum size of the small diameter; calculating the maximum slot width dimension according to the actual dimension of the large diameter and the theoretical minimum dimension of the small diameter; rough machining of small diameter, ensuring machining allowance;
3) Calculating upper and lower limits of nominal wideband and width deviation of the annular groove; selecting a plurality of numerical values D i in the upper and lower deviation ranges according to the set stepping value, and designing and processing a set of sample gauges by taking D i as the outer diameter;
4) Extending the samples into the annular groove one by one, and detecting the actual size of the width of the groove;
5) Calculating the small-diameter size, wherein the small-diameter actual size is obtained by subtracting 2 times of the actual measurement sample gauge size from the large-diameter actual size; adjusting the feed amount according to the actual size of the small diameter for processing;
6) Returning to step 4), the process and inspection of the small diameter size is performed in this cycle.
The sample gauge is a columnar body with the outer diameter of one end or two ends larger than the outer diameter of the middle section, and the outer diameter of each large-diameter section of one set of sample gauge is the numerical value D i selected in the step 3).
And 3) designing a processing sample gauge for the stepping value according to 1-2 times of the minimum measurement precision of the small-diameter tolerance zone to be detected.
Step 4) firstly, detecting the trafficability of the groove by using a minimum gauge, if the groove cannot be inserted into the groove, adjusting the machining allowance according to the calculated middle value of the maximum size of the groove width, and ensuring the final machining result between the calculated minimum size corresponding gauge of the groove width and the maximum size corresponding gauge; if the minimum gauge of the group is inserted into the groove and has a gap, the detection of the gauge corresponding to the minimum size of the calculated groove width is continued until a proper gauge size is found, but the gauge corresponding to the maximum size of the calculated groove width cannot be used for detection, and the machining allowance can be adjusted by the same method for machining.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1) The method changes the traditional detection method of the theoretical calculation principle to design the go gauge and the no-go gauge, provides a new design thought, converts the dimension chain relation in the theoretical method, re-simulates the dimension chain relation, and enlarges the dimension tolerance of the machining part.
2) The method for detecting the through gauge and the non-point gauge is replaced by the method for detecting the through gauge and the non-point gauge, an operator can clearly know the processing residual quantity and measure and process the residual quantity in the processing process, blindness and uncontrollable risks of detecting the through gauge and the non-point gauge are avoided, processing difficulty is reduced, and meanwhile requirements on operation skills are also reduced.
3) By adopting the sample gauge detection, accurate numerical values can be obtained in the processing process and final detection, and the product state is more transparent.
4) By adopting the gauge detection, an operator can clearly know the machining allowance, accurately adjust the cutter feeding, reduce the trial cutting times, shorten the production time of each piece from 3 hours to 2 hours, and improve the production efficiency.
5) The sample gauge is adopted for detection, so that blindness and uncontrollable risk of human factors caused by detection by the go-no-go gauge are avoided, the processing difficulty is reduced, the operation is convenient and intuitive, and the product quality is stable and reliable.
6) The design thought and the detection method can be popularized and used in similar structures, are wide in field, can be designed into different structural forms according to specific structural forms of products, are not limited to cylinders, and can be in blocks, sheets and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a sample design;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of end face ring groove processing and inspection;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of an end face ring groove;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of an original size chain relationship;
FIG. 5 is a rear dimension chain relationship of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a master gauge structure;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of the end face ring groove configuration in the embodiment;
Fig. 8 is a diagram of a pattern structure in the embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples, which include but are not limited to the following examples.
1. The design idea of the invention is as follows:
a) The traditional thinking mode is changed, and the size chain relation of the annular groove part is redetermined.
The currently adopted process method is to ensure two diameter sizes of the annular groove according to the pattern marking size requirement, wherein the small diameter size cannot be directly measured but is required to be ensured, so that the small diameter is the closed loop size (A0) of the size chain according to the size chain logic relation, and the large diameter size and the groove width size are the open loop sizes (A1 and A2) of the size chain respectively. And calculating the groove width size and tolerance through two diameter sizes and size chains with known patterns, and designing the go-no-go gauge according to the go-no-go gauge design standard.
In order to avoid the defects of the original process method, the traditional thinking is changed, the small diameter dimension which cannot be directly measured is idealized into a detectable item, the dimensional tolerance of the processing part is increased, and the processing difficulty is reduced. The closed loop size of the newly established dimensional chain is the slot width size (A0), the two diameter sizes of the pattern label are the open loop sizes (A1, A2), and the slot width size and tolerance are recalculated through the new dimensional chain. The comparison of the two size chains is shown in fig. 4 and 5.
The original processing procedure controls the size sequence:
1) Direct detection ensures a large diameter dimension (A1);
2) The groove width dimension (A2) is ensured through the detection of the go-no-go gauge, and the small diameter dimension (A0) is indirectly ensured.
The new process controls the dimensional sequence:
1) Direct detection ensures a large diameter dimension (A1);
2) Direct detection ensures small diameter dimensions ((A2).
B) The problem that the small diameter cannot be directly measured is solved.
The new dimension chain must ensure that the small diameter is measurable firstly, the existing process method can not directly measure the small diameter at present, and how to measure the small diameter according to the existing conditions is a problem to be solved. The invention is realized by designing a set of sample gauges with different dimensional accuracy.
2. The design scheme of the gauge required by the invention is as follows:
The groove width tolerance zone calculated according to the new size chain is distributed according to different steps (0.01 mm or adjusted according to the requirement), the minimum graduation of the steps can ensure the final size precision requirement, the sample gauge with different size precision is designed, the sample gauge structure is cylindrical, the two ends are detection parts of a detection tool (can also be designed to be one end for detection), and the specific sizes are marked at the two ends by the marking numbers. In the machining process, an operator calculates the specific small-diameter size according to the actual measurement value of the large-diameter size and the actual measurement value of the groove width detected by different gauges, and then adjusts the machining amount to perform machining so as to ensure the final size requirement. The process method has more accurate and specific measurement data, can synchronously and timely detect in the processing process, has controllability, has low requirements on operators and has small processing difficulty. The small diameter size can also be detected directly by the inspector in this way.
3. The sample design steps of the invention are shown in fig. 1, and comprise the following steps:
1) Calculating the nominal size of the groove width according to the size of the large diameter and the small diameter;
2) Respectively calculating the up-down deviation of the groove width dimension according to the dimension chain relationship;
3) Determining the size precision distribution of a set of sample gauges according to the groove width size tolerance zone;
4) And designing a sample gauge.
4. The end face ring groove processing and detecting flow is shown in figure 2, and comprises the following steps:
1) Processing the large diameter of the detectable ring groove according to the dimensional tolerance of the design pattern, meeting the design requirement, and recording the actual measurement value;
2) Calculating the minimum slot width size according to the actual large-diameter size and the theoretical maximum small-diameter size; calculating the maximum slot width dimension according to the actual dimension of the large diameter and the theoretical minimum dimension of the small diameter, and defining the control range of the dimension of the small diameter; rough machining of small diameter, ensuring machining allowance;
3) Extending the sample into the groove according to the sequence from small to large, and detecting the actual size of the width of the groove; firstly, detecting the trafficability of a groove by using the minimum sample gauge of the group, if the minimum sample gauge cannot be inserted into the groove, indicating that the residual is larger than the calculated maximum size of the groove width, and at the moment, adjusting the machining residual according to the calculated intermediate value of the maximum size of the groove width to ensure that the final machining result is between the calculated minimum size corresponding sample gauge of the groove width and the maximum size corresponding sample gauge; if the minimum gauge of the group is inserted into the groove and has a gap, the detection of the gauge corresponding to the calculated minimum groove width dimension is continued until a proper gauge dimension is found, but the gauge corresponding to the maximum groove width dimension which is larger than the calculated maximum groove width dimension cannot be used for detection. The machining allowance is adjusted by the same method for machining.
4) And calculating the small-diameter size, and subtracting 2 times of the actual measurement gauge size from the actual large-diameter size to obtain the actual small-diameter size.
5) Adjusting the feed amount according to the actual size of the small diameter for processing;
6) Returning to step 3), the process and inspection of the small diameter size is performed in this cycle.
Description: one set of gauges is a theoretical calculated size whose range of use includes the dimensional tolerance limits of the chain of sizes, but only one of the size segments is used for a particular part because the large diameter size that has been machined is already determined.
The structural dimension of the end face ring groove processed by the embodiment of the invention is shown in figure 7, and the major diameter dimension is thatSmall diameter size/>The structural dimensions of the gauge are shown in fig. 8. The specific operation steps are as follows:
step 1: calculating the nominal width D= (phi 386-phi 372)/2=7mm of the ring groove;
Step 2: calculating the dimensional deviation of the ring groove
Upper deviation= (A1 upper deviation-A2 lower deviation)/2= { +0.089- (-0.14) }/2= +0.1145
Lower deviation= (A1 lower deviation-A2 upper deviation)/2= (0-0) =0
The calculation result of the ring groove size tolerance is
Step 3: the ring groove size tolerance zone (+ 0.1145 mm) is distributed, the minimum measurement precision of the small diameter tolerance zone (0.14 mm) is 0.01mm, 1-2 times of the minimum measurement precision of the small diameter tolerance zone (0.14) to be detected is generally taken as a unit, namely, the ring groove size tolerance zone is distributed by taking 0.01-0.02 mm as a step, a processing gauge is designed, namely, the ring groove size tolerance zone is cylindrical according to a step gauge structure, the two ends are different sizes distributed according to the step, the identification is clear, the structure is shown in figure 8, and the size is shown in table 1;
TABLE 1
| D1 | Φ7.0 | Φ7.03 | Φ7.06 | Φ7.09 |
| D2 | Φ7.02 | Φ7.05 | Φ7.08 | Φ7.11 |
Step 4: the operator processes the large diameter according to the pattern requirementThe inspector detects and records the actual measurement value, such as phi 386.05mm;
step 5: the operator processes small diameter according to pattern requirement The method can be used for detecting when the minimum gauge phi 7.00mm extends into the groove, if no gap exists, the actual size of the small diameter is calculated to be phi 372.05mm (=phi 386.05-2 x phi 7.00), which indicates that the small diameter is not processed to the size;
step 6: adjusting the feed amount according to the calculation result, if the small diameter is theoretically prepared to be processed to the tolerance median value phi 371.93mm, the theoretical width of the groove width is phi 7.06mm (phi 386.05-phi 371.93)/2), and the feed amount is 0.06mm;
step 7: after processing according to the calculation result, detecting according to the actual condition of the product, if the sample gauge phi 7.05mm is used for extending into the groove to detect no gap, the actual size phi 371.95mm of the small diameter can be calculated. From this, it was judged that the small diameter size satisfies the requirement. The inspector also performs detection and judgment according to the method.
The invention has the main advantages that: the processing control points are changed by improving the detection method, so that the interaction and the association between production and detection are enhanced, the controllability of the processing and detection processes is realized, the design thinking mode of the tool is expanded, the processing difficulty and the labor intensity of workers are greatly reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.
The method is applied to batch production of a certain key model of navy, is simple to operate, is visual and controllable, improves the control quality of the product process, and greatly reduces the processing difficulty.
Claims (2)
1. The processing and detecting method of the deep annular groove on the end face is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Machining the large diameter of the detectable annular groove according to the dimensional tolerance of the design pattern;
2) Calculating the minimum size of the groove width according to the actual size of the large diameter and the theoretical maximum size of the small diameter; calculating the maximum slot width dimension according to the actual dimension of the large diameter and the theoretical minimum dimension of the small diameter; rough machining of small diameter, ensuring machining allowance;
3) Calculating the upper limit and the lower limit of the nominal width and the width deviation of the annular groove; selecting a plurality of numerical values D i in the upper and lower deviation ranges according to the set stepping value, and designing and processing a set of sample gauges by taking D i as the outer diameter; wherein, the sample gauge is a columnar body with one end or two ends of which the outer diameter is larger than that of the middle section, and the outer diameter of each large-diameter section of one set of sample gauge is the numerical value D i selected in the step 3);
4) Extending the samples into the annular groove one by one, and detecting the actual size of the width of the groove; step 4) firstly, detecting the trafficability of a groove by using a minimum gauge, if the groove cannot be inserted into the groove, adjusting machining allowance according to the calculated middle value of the maximum size of the groove width, and ensuring the final machining result between the calculated minimum size corresponding gauge of the groove width and the maximum size corresponding gauge of the groove width; if the minimum gauge of the group is inserted into the groove and has a gap, continuing to detect the gauge corresponding to the minimum size of the calculated groove width until a proper gauge size is found, but not detecting the gauge corresponding to the maximum size of the calculated groove width, and adjusting the machining allowance by the same method for machining;
5) Calculating the small-diameter size, wherein the small-diameter actual size is obtained by subtracting 2 times of the actual measurement sample gauge size from the large-diameter actual size;
adjusting the feed amount according to the actual size of the small diameter for processing;
6) Returning to step 4), the process and inspection of the small diameter size is performed in this cycle.
2. The method for machining and detecting the deep annular groove on the end surface according to claim 1, wherein the step 3) designs the machining gauge for the step value according to 1-2 times of the minimum measurement accuracy of the small-diameter tolerance zone to be detected.
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| CN102706253A (en) * | 2012-06-15 | 2012-10-03 | 重庆望江工业有限公司 | Diameter measuring gauge for sealing groove in small deep hole |
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| CN102380787A (en) * | 2011-09-15 | 2012-03-21 | 哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司 | Transition base for processing inclined holes in inner cylinder space of gas turbine compressor exhaust cylinder |
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