CN112240650B - Straight-through slit precooling heat exchanger of precooling type low-temperature throttling refrigerator and manufacturing method - Google Patents
Straight-through slit precooling heat exchanger of precooling type low-temperature throttling refrigerator and manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a straight-through slit precooling heat exchanger of a precooling type low-temperature throttling refrigerator and a manufacturing method thereof. The invention realizes the maximization of the heat exchange area in the limited volume in a straight-through annular slit mode, minimizes the flow resistance loss of airflow by designing the diversion structure at the abrupt change position of the cross section of the gas flow passage, can effectively promote the high-efficiency heat exchange, the reduction of flow resistance and the unidirectional uniform distribution of internal airflow of the precooling type low-temperature throttling refrigerator, and has very positive significance for the application of the low-temperature throttling refrigerator in the special fields of aerospace and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of refrigeration and low-temperature engineering, relates to a low-temperature throttling refrigerator, and particularly relates to a straight-through slit precooling heat exchanger of a precooling type low-temperature throttling refrigerator and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The low-temperature throttling refrigerator is a dividing wall type refrigerator which obtains low temperature by using the throttling effect generated after throttling of gas working medium. The precooling type low-temperature throttling refrigerator adopts a structure of multi-stage precooling and multi-stage dividing wall type backheating, and can obtain the temperature below liquid helium and even in a sub-Kelvin temperature region by thermally coupling with a front-stage refrigerator (such as a multi-stage pulse tube refrigerator) with a plurality of different precooling temperatures; because the non-ideal gas characteristic of the gas working medium at low temperature is utilized, the refrigeration efficiency of the gas working medium is higher than that of all types of regenerative refrigerators in the same temperature region; the cold head of the precooling type low-temperature throttling refrigerating machine is not provided with a moving part, so that the cold head is free of vibration, high in reliability and easy to miniaturize. The obvious advantages make the precooling type low-temperature throttling refrigerator become a great hot door for the research of the mechanical refrigerator in the ultra-low temperature region in recent years, and the precooling type low-temperature throttling refrigerator is widely applied to the aspects of quantum communication, deep space exploration, low-temperature electronics, superconducting physics and the like.
The invention focuses on a precooling heat exchanger in a precooling type low-temperature throttling refrigerator, which is a core component for realizing the high-efficiency thermal coupling of the low-temperature throttling refrigerator and a preceding-stage precooling refrigerator, and the precooling temperature and the precooling quantity obtained by the core component are necessary conditions for the normal operation of the low-temperature throttling refrigerator. Under ideal conditions, the precooling heat exchanger has three main functions:
1) high-efficiency heat exchange. Particularly, when the pre-cooling amount provided by the pre-cooling refrigerator is limited, it is important to realize high-efficiency heat exchange. This requires geometries that can achieve large heat exchange areas in a limited volume.
2) And the flow loss at the variable cross section of the high-pressure air inlet and outlet pipe and the precooling heat exchanger channel is reduced. The high-pressure loop of the precooling type low-temperature throttling refrigerator is a pipeline which needs to be precooled, the front and the back of a precooling heat exchanger are connected with an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe of the high-pressure loop, the structure of the precooling heat exchanger and the structure of the precooling heat exchanger are greatly different, and air flow channels in the precooling heat exchanger and the precooling heat exchanger are often different in section diameter. This requires an effective transition of the variable cross-section to minimize flow losses.
3) And the unidirectional uniform distribution of air flow in the precooling heat exchanger is realized. When the gas in the precooling heat exchanger flows in a unidirectional mode, the gas is ensured to perform sufficient and uniform heat exchange with the heat exchanger body, and therefore the cold energy of the precooling refrigerating machine is utilized to the maximum extent under the condition that the length of the heat exchanger is limited. This requires a special unidirectional distribution of the air flow.
The precooling heat exchanger of the conventional precooling type low-temperature throttling refrigerator at present far does not meet the requirements of the three aspects. The conventional precooling heat exchangers generally adopted at present are mainly divided into two types:
the first is a coil pipe type precooling heat exchanger, which adopts a capillary long pipe with a pipe diameter higher than that of a pipeline on the higher pressure side, spirally winds on a cold head of a precooling refrigerator, and thermally couples the coil pipe and the cold head of the precooling refrigerator together by using a welding mode;
the second type is a channel type precooling heat exchanger, which is a flat block entity, wherein a continuous channel is manufactured by using a mechanical perforation mode and is used as a channel for gas to flow through the heat exchanger, and then the heat exchanger is thermally coupled with a cold head of a precooling refrigerating machine by a welding mode.
The cross sections of the flow passages of the two precooling heat exchangers are equal-section circles which are similar to the cross sections of the gas inlet and outlet pipelines, but the cross sections still have obvious defects respectively:
the first form, the inside air current heat transfer area that is formed by the coil pipe relies on the length of coil pipe, and coil pipe length receives the restraint in finite volume, leads to heat transfer area limited, is unfavorable for realizing the high efficiency heat transfer, and thinner pipeline and spiral coiling mode still can bring higher flow resistance simultaneously, cause the flow loss too big.
In the second form, the heat exchange area of the internal airflow formed by the channel depends on the overall length and the cross sectional area of the channel, and the cold head of a common precooling refrigerator is smaller, so that the precooling heat exchanger cannot have too large volume, thereby limiting the total length and the cross sectional area of the channel and greatly influencing the heat exchange efficiency; meanwhile, the airflow is turned by the corners of the channel, unidirectional flow of the airflow cannot be guaranteed, and flow loss is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a straight-through slit precooling heat exchanger of a precooling type low-temperature throttling refrigerating machine and a manufacturing method thereof.
The invention aims to design a straight-through type slit precooling heat exchanger at a precooling part of a precooling type low-temperature throttling refrigerating machine, and firstly, the heat exchange area is increased to the maximum extent in a limited volume, and high-efficiency heat exchange is realized; secondly, the high-pressure airflow is naturally transited to the internal channel of the heat exchanger from the air inlet pipe and then naturally transited to the air outlet pipe, so that the flow loss caused by sudden change of the cross section is effectively reduced, and the pressure drop loss is reduced; thirdly, the internal channel of the heat exchanger is in a straight-through type, so that the unidirectional flow of air flow is ensured, and the pressure drop loss is minimized; fourthly, the annular slit body and the conical flow guide core column are used for forcibly guiding the gas entering the heat exchanger, so that the unidirectional uniform distribution of the gas flow in the precooling heat exchanger is realized, the heat exchange is further strengthened, and the overall heat exchange efficiency is improved.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a straight-through slit precooling heat exchanger of a precooling type low-temperature throttling refrigerator;
fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the coupling connection of the straight-through slit precooling heat exchanger of the invention with an air inlet pipe 1 and an air outlet pipe 13;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a conical flow-guiding core column inserted into an annular slit body in a pre-cooling heat exchanger;
fig. 4 is a sectional view of the air intake deflector 3;
fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the air outlet deflector 10;
the straight-through slit precooling heat exchanger of the precooling type low-temperature throttling refrigerator consists of an air inlet flow guider 3, a shell 6, an annular slit body 7, a conical flow guide core column 8 and an air outlet flow guider 10. The shell 6 is used as a main cooling heat exchange surface of the precooling heat exchanger, protects an annular slit body 7 and a conical flow guide core column 8 inside, and realizes connection with the air inlet flow guide device 3 and the air outlet flow guide device 10; uniformly cutting annular slit bodies 7 in the shell 6, uniformly cutting the annular slits around the central line of the annular slit bodies 7, controlling the width of the slits to be 0.1-0.3 mm, and controlling the number of the slits to be 10-30; a conical flow guide core column 8 is in interference fit at the center of the annular slit body 7, the taper is smaller than 1:10, the length of the conical flow guide core column is the same as the axial length of the annular slit body 7, the large-diameter end surface of the conical flow guide core column 8 is flush with the lower end surface of the annular slit body 7, and the small-diameter end surface of the conical flow guide core column 8 is flush with the upper end surface of the annular slit body 7, so that gas entering the annular slit body 7 is uniformly distributed in each slit; the lower side of the shell 6 is connected with an air inlet fluid director 3 for guiding air to enter from an air inlet pipe 1 to an annular slit body 7, the air inlet fluid director 3 consists of an air inlet fluid director thick part 18 and an air inlet fluid director thin part 19, the air inlet fluid director thin part 19 occupies 7/8 of the total length, the diameter ratio of the air inlet fluid director thick part 18 to the air inlet fluid director thin part 19 is 3:1, and an air inlet pipe limiting hole 20 is used for limiting the air inlet pipe 1; the air inlet flow guide linear channel 4 and the annular slit body 7 are transited by an air inlet flow linear curved surface 16, and two ends of the air inlet flow linear curved surface 16 are respectively tangent to the annular slit body 7 and the air inlet flow guide linear channel 4 in the vertical direction so as to reduce air inlet flow resistance; the upper side of the shell 6 is connected with an air outlet flow guide 10 for guiding the air to be discharged from the annular slit body 7 to the air outlet pipe 13, the air outlet flow guide 10 consists of an air outlet flow guide thin part 22 and an air outlet flow guide thick part 23, the air outlet flow guide thin part 22 occupies 7/8 of the total length, the diameter ratio of the air outlet flow guide thick part 23 to the air outlet flow guide thick part 23 is 3:1, and an air outlet pipe limiting hole 21 is used for limiting the air outlet pipe 13; the air outlet flow guide linear channel 11 and the annular slit body 7 are transited by an air outlet flow linear curved surface 15, and two ends of the air outlet flow linear curved surface 15 are respectively tangent to the annular slit body 7 and the air outlet flow guide linear channel 11 in the vertical direction so as to reduce the exhaust flow resistance; the outer shell 6, the inlet flow guide 3 and the outlet flow guide 10 are integrated by welding. Thereby forming the straight-through type slit precooling heat exchanger for the precooling type low-temperature throttling refrigerator.
The manufacturing method of the straight-through slit precooling heat exchanger of the precooling type low-temperature throttling refrigerating machine comprises the following steps: an annular slit body 7 is cut in the shell 6 by using a slow-moving wire cutting technology, the diameter of the outer circle of the annular slit body is the same as the maximum diameter of the air inlet transition region 17 and the air outlet transition region 14, the annular slit is uniformly cut around the central line of the annular slit body 7 along 360 degrees, the width of the slit is 0.1-0.3 mm, the cut slit is inserted into the slit by using a plug gauge to clean and polish the internal burrs, and the blockage caused by the deformation of fins is avoided; a conical flow guide core column 8 is arranged at the center of the annular slit body 7, the taper of the conical flow guide core column 8 is smaller than 1:10, the length of the conical flow guide core column is the same as the axial length of the annular slit body 7, the large-diameter end face of the conical flow guide core column 8 is flush with the lower end face of the annular slit body 7 through interference fit, and the small-diameter end face of the conical flow guide core column 8 is flush with the upper end face of the annular slit body 7; the thick part 18 of the air inlet fluid director 3 of the air inlet fluid director is inserted into the outer shell 6 from the lower side, so that the lower end surface of the thick part 18 of the air inlet fluid director keeps flush with the lower end surface of the outer shell 6, and the lower end surface of the outer shell 6 and the joint part 5 of the air inlet fluid director 3 are welded together along a circle by using a clean brazing technology, so that the connection of the outer shell 6 and the air inlet fluid director 3 is realized; an air inlet transition region 17 of the air inlet flow guider 3 is finely turned into a trumpet-shaped air inlet flow linear curved surface 16 and polished, the height is 3-4 mm, and two ends of the air inlet flow guider are respectively tangent with the annular slit body 7 and the air inlet flow guiding linear channel 4 in the vertical direction; the air inlet pipe 1 is inserted into the air inlet pipe limiting hole 20 about 5mm, and the lower end face of the air inlet fluid director 3 and the joint part 2 of the air inlet pipe 1 are welded along a circle by using a clean brazing technology, so that the connection of the air inlet pipe 1 and the air inlet fluid director 3 is realized; the thick part 23 of the air outlet flow guide 10 is inserted into the shell 6 from the upper side, so that the upper end surface of the thick part 23 of the air outlet flow guide is flush with the upper end surface of the shell 6, and the upper end surface of the shell 6 and the joint part 9 of the air outlet flow guide 10 are welded together along a circle by using a clean brazing technology, so that the shell 6 and the air outlet flow guide 10 are realized; an air outlet transition region 14 of the air outlet flow guider 10 is finely turned into a horn-shaped air outlet streamline-shaped curved surface 15 and polished, the height is 3-4 mm, and two ends of the air outlet transition region are respectively tangent to the annular slit body 7 and the air outlet flow guiding straight line channel 11 in the vertical direction; the air outlet pipe 13 is inserted into the air outlet pipe limiting hole 21 for about 5mm, the upper end surface of the air outlet fluid director 10 and the intersection part 12 of the air outlet pipe 13 are welded along a circle by using a clean brazing technology to realize the connection of the air outlet pipe 13 and the air outlet fluid director 10, and then the air inlet pipe 1, the air inlet fluid director 3 and the shell 6 which are other parts of the heat exchanger are combined into a whole, thereby forming the straight-through slit precooling heat exchanger of the precooling type low-temperature throttling refrigerator.
The invention has the following advantages:
1) the heat exchange area in the limited volume is maximized by cutting the annular slit body, and the precooling heat exchanger is favorable for realizing high-efficiency heat exchange in the limited volume under the condition of limited precooling quantity provided by a precooling refrigerator at the front stage;
2) the air inlet fluid director and the air outlet fluid director are arranged in front of and behind the annular slit body, and the transition region of the change of the cross section in the fluid director adopts a streamline curve, so that the gas has no resistance on flow, the natural transition of the gas flow from the air inlet pipe to the internal channel of the heat exchanger and then to the air outlet pipe is realized, the flow loss caused by the sudden change of the cross section is effectively reduced, and the pressure drop loss is reduced;
3) the straight-through slit internal channel enables the air flow passing through the heat exchanger to flow linearly, ensures the air flow to flow in a single direction and minimizes the loss of on-way resistance pressure drop;
4) the conical flow guide core column is used for forcibly guiding the air flow, so that the air flow is uniformly dispersed to the annular slit body to exchange heat with the shell, the unidirectional uniform distribution of the air flow in the precooling heat exchanger is realized, the heat exchange is further enhanced, and the overall heat exchange efficiency is improved.
The invention can effectively promote the high-efficiency heat exchange, the reduction of flow resistance and the unidirectional uniform distribution of internal airflow of the precooling type low-temperature throttling refrigerator, and has very positive significance for the application of the low-temperature throttling refrigerator in the special fields of aerospace and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a straight-through slit precooling heat exchanger of a precooling type low-temperature throttling refrigerator;
fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the coupling connection of the straight-through slit precooling heat exchanger of the invention with an air inlet pipe 1 and an air outlet pipe 13;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a conical flow-guiding core column inserted into an annular slit body in a pre-cooling heat exchanger;
fig. 4 is a sectional view of the air intake deflector 3;
fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the air outlet deflector 10.
Wherein: 1 is an air inlet pipe; 2 is a welding point A; 3 is an air inlet flow guide device; 4 is an air inlet flow guide linear channel; 5 is a welding point B; 6 is a shell; 7 is an annular slit body; 8 is a conical flow guide core column; 9 is a welding point C; 10 is an air outlet flow guider; 11 is an air outlet flow guide straight line channel; 12 is a welding point D; 13 is an air outlet pipe; 14 is an air outlet transition region; 15 is an air outlet streamline curved surface; 16 is a linear curved surface of the air inlet flow; 17 is an air inlet transition region; 18 is the thick part of the air inlet deflector; 19 is the detail of the air inlet flow guider; 20 is an air inlet pipe limiting hole; 21 is a limiting hole of an air outlet pipe; 22 is the detail of the air outlet flow guider; 23 is the thick part of the air outlet deflector.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples:
fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the coupling connection of the straight-through slit precooling heat exchanger, the air inlet pipe 1 and the air outlet pipe 13, which includes an air inlet flow guider 3, a housing 6, an annular slit body 7, a conical flow guiding core column 8, an air outlet flow guider 10, and the flowing trend of the internal air.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a conical flow-guiding core column inserted into an annular slit body in a pre-cooling heat exchanger.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the air intake deflector 3.
Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the air outlet deflector 10.
The straight-through slit precooling heat exchanger mainly comprises an air inlet fluid director 3, a shell 6, an annular slit body 7, a conical flow guide core column 8 and an air outlet fluid director 10. In order to strengthen heat exchange, the five parts are all made of materials with high heat conductivity. The shell 6 is firstly used as a main cooling heat exchange surface of the precooling heat exchanger; secondly, protecting the inner annular slit body 7 and the conical flow guide core column 8; and thirdly, the precooling heat exchanger is connected with the air inlet flow guide 3 and the air outlet flow guide 10 through the shell 6. Uniformly cutting an annular slit body 7 in the shell 6, uniformly cutting the annular slit around the central line of the annular slit body 7 by 360 degrees, controlling the width of the slit to be 0.12mm, and controlling the number of the slits to be 20; a conical flow guide core column 8 is in interference fit at the center of the annular slit body 7, the taper of the conical flow guide core column 8 is 1:12, the large-diameter end face of the conical flow guide core column 8 is flush with the lower end face of the annular slit body 7, and the small-diameter end face of the conical flow guide core column 8 is flush with the upper end face of the annular slit body 7; the lower side of the shell 6 is connected with an air inlet fluid director 3, the air inlet fluid director 3 consists of an air inlet fluid director thick part 18 and an air inlet fluid director thin part 19, the air inlet fluid director thin part 19 accounts for 7/8 of the total length, the diameter ratio of the air inlet fluid director thick part 18 to the air inlet fluid director thin part 19 is 3:1, and an air inlet pipe limiting hole 20 is used for limiting an air inlet pipe 1; the diameter of the air inlet flow guide linear channel 4 is 2.5mm, the air inlet flow guide linear channel 4 and the annular slit body 7 are transited by an air inlet flow linear curved surface 16, and two ends of the air inlet flow linear curved surface 16 are respectively tangent to the annular slit body 7 and the air inlet flow guide linear channel 4 in the vertical direction so as to reduce air inlet flow resistance; the upper side of the shell 6 is connected with an air outlet fluid director 10, the air outlet fluid director 10 consists of an air outlet fluid director thin part 22 and an air outlet fluid director thick part 23, the air outlet fluid director thin part 22 accounts for 7/8 of the total length, the diameter ratio of the air outlet fluid director thick part 23 to the air outlet fluid director thick part 23 is 3:1, and an air outlet pipe limiting hole 21 is used for limiting an air outlet pipe 13; the diameter of the air outlet flow guide linear channel 11 is 2mm, the air outlet flow guide linear channel 11 and the annular slit body 7 are transited by an air outlet flow linear curved surface 15, and two ends of the air outlet flow linear curved surface 15 are respectively tangent to the annular slit body 7 and the air outlet flow guide linear channel 11 in the vertical direction so as to reduce the exhaust circulation resistance; the outer shell 6, the inlet flow guide 3 and the outlet flow guide 10 are integrated by welding. Thereby forming the straight-through type slit precooling heat exchanger for the precooling type low-temperature throttling refrigerator.
An annular slit body 7 is cut in the shell 6 by using a slow-moving wire cutting technology, the diameter of the outer circle of the annular slit body is the same as the maximum diameter of the air inlet transition region 17 and the air outlet transition region 14, the annular slit is uniformly cut around the central line of the annular slit body 7 along 360 degrees, and the cut slit is inserted into the slit by using a plug gauge to clean and polish burrs inside the slit, so that the blockage caused by the deformation of fins is avoided; a conical flow guide core column 8 is arranged at the center of the annular slit body 7, the length of the conical flow guide core column is the same as the axial length of the annular slit body 7, the large-diameter end face of the conical flow guide core column 8 is flush with the lower end face of the annular slit body 7 through interference fit, and the small-diameter end face of the conical flow guide core column 8 is flush with the upper end face of the annular slit body 7; the thick part 18 of the air inlet fluid director 3 of the air inlet fluid director is inserted into the outer shell 6 from the lower side, so that the lower end surface of the thick part 18 of the air inlet fluid director keeps flush with the lower end surface of the outer shell 6, and the lower end surface of the outer shell 6 and the joint part 5 of the air inlet fluid director 3 are welded together along a circle by using a clean brazing technology, so that the connection of the outer shell 6 and the air inlet fluid director 3 is realized; an air inlet transition region 17 of the air inlet flow guider 3 is finely turned into a trumpet-shaped air inlet flow linear curved surface 16 and polished, the height is 3mm, and two ends of the air inlet transition region are respectively tangent with the annular slit body 7 and the air inlet flow guiding linear channel 4 in the vertical direction; the air inlet pipe 1 is inserted into the air inlet pipe limiting hole with the depth of 5mm, and the lower end face of the air inlet fluid director 3 and the joint part 2 of the air inlet pipe 1 are welded along a circle by using a clean brazing technology, so that the connection of the air inlet pipe 1 and the air inlet fluid director 3 is realized; the thick part 23 of the air outlet flow guide 10 is inserted into the shell 6 from the upper side, so that the upper end surface of the thick part 23 of the air outlet flow guide is flush with the upper end surface of the shell 6, and the upper end surface of the shell 6 and the joint part 9 of the air outlet flow guide 10 are welded together along a circle by using a clean brazing technology, so that the shell 6 and the air outlet flow guide 10 are realized; an air outlet transition region 14 of the air outlet flow guider 10 is finely turned into a trumpet-shaped air outlet streamline-shaped curved surface 15 and polished, the height is 3mm, and two ends of the air outlet transition region are respectively tangent with the annular slit body 7 and the air outlet flow guiding straight line channel 11 in the vertical direction; the depth of the air outlet pipe 13 inserted into the air outlet pipe limiting hole 21 is 5mm, the upper end face of the air outlet fluid director 10 and the intersection part 12 of the air outlet pipe 13 are welded along a circle by using a clean brazing technology, so that the connection between the air outlet pipe 13 and the air outlet fluid director 10 is realized, and the air inlet pipe 1, the air inlet fluid director 3 and the shell 6 which are other parts of the heat exchanger are combined into a whole, thereby forming the straight-through slit precooling heat exchanger of the precooling type low-temperature throttling refrigerator.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a straight-through slit precooling heat exchanger of precooling type low temperature throttling refrigerator, includes that inlet flow director (3), shell (6), annular slot body (7), toper water conservancy diversion stem (8) and play gas director (10) constitute, its characterized in that:
the shell (6) is used as a main cooling heat exchange surface of the precooling heat exchanger, protects an annular slit body (7) and a conical flow guide core column (8) inside, and realizes connection with the air inlet flow guide device (3) and the air outlet flow guide device (10); uniformly cutting annular slit bodies (7) in the shell (6), uniformly cutting the annular slits around the central line of the annular slit bodies (7), controlling the width of the slits to be 0.1-0.3 mm and controlling the number of the slits to be 10-30; a conical flow guide core column (8) is in interference fit at the center of the annular slit body (7), the length of the conical flow guide core column is the same as the axial length of the annular slit body (7), the large-diameter end face of the conical flow guide core column (8) is flush with the lower end face of the annular slit body (7), and the small-diameter end face of the conical flow guide core column (8) is flush with the upper end face of the annular slit body (7), so that gas entering the annular slit body (7) is uniformly distributed in each slit; the lower side of the shell (6) is connected with an air inlet fluid director (3) for guiding air to enter from the air inlet pipe (1) to the annular slit body (7), the air inlet fluid director (3) consists of an air inlet fluid director thick part (18) and an air inlet fluid director thin part (19), the air inlet fluid director thin part (19) occupies 7/8 of the total length, the diameter ratio of the air inlet fluid director thick part (18) to the air inlet fluid director thin part (19) is 3:1, and an air inlet pipe limiting hole (20) is used for limiting the air inlet pipe (1); the air inlet flow guide linear channel (4) and the annular slit body (7) are transited by an air inlet flow linear curved surface (16), and two ends of the air inlet flow linear curved surface (16) are respectively tangent to the annular slit body (7) and the air inlet flow guide linear channel (4) in the vertical direction so as to reduce air inlet flow resistance; the upper side of the shell (6) is connected with an air outlet fluid director (10) for guiding the air to be discharged from the annular slit body (7) to the air outlet pipe (13), the air outlet fluid director (10) consists of a thin air outlet fluid director part (22) and a thick air outlet fluid director part (23), the thin air outlet fluid director part (22) occupies 7/8 of the total length, the diameter ratio of the thick air outlet fluid director part (23) to the thick air outlet fluid director part (23) is 3:1, and an air outlet pipe limiting hole (21) is used for limiting the air outlet pipe (13); the air outlet flow guide linear channel (11) and the annular slit body (7) are transited by an air outlet flow linear curved surface (15), and two ends of the air outlet flow linear curved surface (15) are respectively tangent to the annular slit body (7) and the air outlet flow guide linear channel (11) in the vertical direction so as to reduce the exhaust circulation resistance; the shell (6), the air inlet flow guider (3) and the air outlet flow guider (10) are combined into a whole in a welding mode, so that the straight-through slit precooling heat exchanger of the precooling type low-temperature throttling refrigerator is formed.
2. A method for manufacturing a straight-through slit precooling heat exchanger based on the precooling type low-temperature throttling refrigerator as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that:
an annular slit body (7) is cut in the shell (6) by using a slow-moving wire cutting technology, the diameter of the outer circle of the annular slit body is the same as the maximum diameter of the air inlet transition region (17) and the air outlet transition region (14), the annular slit is uniformly cut around the central line of the annular slit body (7) along 360 degrees, the width of the slit is 0.1-0.3 mm, the cut slit is inserted into the slit by using a plug gauge to clean and polish the internal burrs, and the blockage caused by the deformation of fins is avoided; a conical flow guide core column (8) is arranged at the center of the annular slit body (7), the taper of the conical flow guide core column is smaller than 1:10, the length of the conical flow guide core column is the same as the axial length of the annular slit body (7), the large-diameter end surface of the conical flow guide core column (8) is flush with the lower end surface of the annular slit body (7) through interference fit, and the small-diameter end surface of the conical flow guide core column (8) is flush with the upper end surface of the annular slit body (7); the thick part (18) of the air inlet fluid director (3) is inserted into the outer shell (6) from the lower side, so that the lower end surface of the thick part (18) of the air inlet fluid director keeps flush with the lower end surface of the outer shell (6), and the lower end surface of the outer shell (6) and the joint part (5) of the air inlet fluid director (3) are welded along a circle by using a clean brazing technology, so that the outer shell (6) is connected with the air inlet fluid director (3); an air inlet transition region (17) of the air inlet flow guider (3) is finely turned into a trumpet-shaped air inlet flow linear curved surface (16) and polished, the height of the air inlet flow guider is 3-4 mm, and two ends of the air inlet flow guider are respectively tangent to the annular slit body (7) and the air inlet flow guiding linear channel (4) in the vertical direction; the air inlet pipe (1) is inserted into the air inlet pipe limiting hole (20) for 5mm, and the lower end face of the air inlet fluid director (3) and the joint part (2) of the air inlet pipe (1) are welded along a circle by using a clean brazing technology, so that the connection between the air inlet pipe (1) and the air inlet fluid director (3) is realized; the thick part (23) of the air outlet fluid director (10) is inserted into the outer shell (6) from the upper side, so that the upper end surface of the thick part (23) of the air outlet fluid director keeps flush with the upper end surface of the outer shell (6), and the joint (9) of the upper end surface of the outer shell (6) and the air outlet fluid director (10) is welded along a circle by using a clean brazing technology, so that the outer shell (6) and the air outlet fluid director (10) are realized; an air outlet transition region (14) of the air outlet flow guider (10) is finely turned into a horn-shaped air outlet streamline-shaped curved surface (15) and polished, the height of the curved surface is 3-4 mm, and two ends of the curved surface are respectively tangent to the annular slit body (7) and the air outlet flow guiding straight line channel (11) in the vertical direction; the air outlet pipe (13) is inserted into the air outlet pipe limiting hole (21) for 5mm, the upper end face of the air outlet fluid director (10) and the intersection part (12) of the air outlet pipe (13) are welded along a circle by using a clean brazing technology, so that the air outlet pipe (13) is connected with the air outlet fluid director (10), and then the rest parts of the air inlet pipe (1), the air inlet fluid director (3) and the shell (6) of the heat exchanger are combined into a whole, thereby forming the straight-through slit precooling heat exchanger of the precooling type low-temperature throttling refrigerator.
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