CN113909713B - Anti-collision protection system and method for laser processing - Google Patents
Anti-collision protection system and method for laser processing Download PDFInfo
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- CN113909713B CN113909713B CN202111305121.3A CN202111305121A CN113909713B CN 113909713 B CN113909713 B CN 113909713B CN 202111305121 A CN202111305121 A CN 202111305121A CN 113909713 B CN113909713 B CN 113909713B
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000005236 sound signal Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000010365 information processing Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 abstract description 27
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003028 elevating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
Abstract
The invention discloses an anti-collision protection system and method for laser processing, and relates to the technical field of laser processing. The anti-collision protection hardware system for laser processing comprises a device body and an inspection mechanism, wherein an electric cabinet, a numerical control system and a laser are respectively arranged on one side of the device body, a laser communication cable is arranged on the numerical control system, and a servo driver and a voice monitoring device are arranged in the electric cabinet. According to the anti-collision protection system and method for laser processing, the sound data of equipment operation and collision are passively collected through the acoustic emission sensor, the sound monitoring device performs analysis, judgment and processing, when the noise frequency generated during collision exceeds a set threshold value, a signal is sent to a system to stop through a bus. The sound signal transmission rate is fast, and collision prevention can be effectively controlled. The acoustic emission sensor is simple to install and can be applied to various laser heads, the structure of the cutting machine does not need to be changed, and the machining precision of the laser cutting machine is not affected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser processing, in particular to an anti-collision protection system and method for laser processing.
Background
The laser cutting machine is applied to various fields, such as manufacturing industries of automobile industry, aerospace industry, engineering machinery, medical treatment, metallurgy and the like, and can cut metal plates and pipes of various different materials, such as steel, alloy, copper, aluminum and the like. However, from planar cutting to 3D cutting with complex curved surface structures, a problem is faced that the laser head may collide with the workpiece and the fixture to damage the cutting head, and the cutting head is expensive, so that the replacement and maintenance of the cutting head can affect the production and the manufacture, and the problem needs to be solved.
The following patent methods were found by searching:
patent CN 102794570B discloses a laser cutting machine anticollision device, the cutting head is connected with the anticollision base member, the anticollision body is connected together with cutting torch elevating gear, the anticollision base member passes through magnet with the anticollision body and is connected, inductive switch is fixed in on the anticollision base member, whether the sensing cutting head part is suffered the collision and is signaled in the PLC control system of laser cutting machine through elastic contact inductive switch. In addition to enabling the cutting head to be automatically disengaged after the cutting head is impacted, the system can also disable the cutting machine. The cutting head can be protected. However, the device has a complex structure and is connected through magnetic force, the processing precision is affected by insufficient rigidity, and the optical fiber and the laser head lens can be damaged when the cutting head is disconnected. In addition, the elastic contact deforms to a certain extent and then triggers the induction signal to the system, so that the delay is high.
The patent CN 110549010A discloses a laser cutting machine capable of automatically stopping the operation of a cutting head when collision occurs, which comprises a cutting machine body, a laser head body and a movable frame. The side of laser head body is provided with the anticollision mounting bracket, and the inside of collision loss prevention mount pad is provided with side direction buffering centre gripping module, and buffering centre gripping module embeds buffer spring, and when the collision appears, laminating spacing wheel, side limit wheel and correspond under the buffering module cooperation, can play collision buffering protection effect. The cutting head generates displacement when colliding, and the inductive switch transmits a signal to the system to stop, so that the loss is prevented from expanding. But the device has a complex structure and is connected with a buffer spring, and the inertia of the high-speed movement of the cutting head can compress the spring to generate displacement, so that the machining precision is affected. After the cutting head generates displacement, the contact switch transmits a signal to the system to stop, and the delay is high.
To sum up, in the prior art, to adopting the form of spring, magnet to be connected with the drive part through the cutting head, can produce certain buffering guard action to the cutting head collision, but laser processing laser head travel speed is very fast, triggers through elastic deformation and displacement and trigger the signal of telecommunication have certain delay time, probably will appear the cutting head hard collision and lead to servo motor overload just to shut down or directly block, and in addition the signal transmission has longer delay to the PLC processing.
Disclosure of Invention
(one) solving the technical problems
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an anti-collision protection system and method for laser processing, which solve the problems that in the prior art, a cutting head is connected with a transmission part in a spring and magnet mode, a certain buffer protection effect can be generated when the cutting head collides, but the moving speed of a laser processing laser head is high, a certain delay time exists for an electric signal triggered by elastic deformation and displacement, the overload of a servo motor is likely to occur when the cutting head is hard collided, and in addition, the signal is transmitted to a PLC for processing, and the longer delay exists.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a laser processing's anticollision protection hardware system, includes device body and inspection mechanism, one side of device body is provided with regulator cubicle, numerical control system and laser instrument respectively, be provided with laser instrument communication cable on the numerical control system, be provided with servo driver and sound monitoring device in the regulator cubicle, be provided with industrial Ethernet cable on the sound monitoring device, be provided with the servo motor that sets up with servo driver cooperation on the device body, servo motor's below is provided with the laser processing head, the side of laser processing head is provided with acoustic emission sensor, be provided with acoustic emission sensor cable on the acoustic emission sensor, sound monitoring device includes sound receiving acquisition and analysis function.
The anti-collision protection module system for laser processing comprises an information acquisition module, a data analysis module, a data processing module and an execution instruction module;
the information acquisition module is used for realizing the acquisition of noise frequency generated by each part of the normal operation of the laser cutting machine and collision noise frequency through passive sonar, namely the passive acquisition of the acoustic emission sensor;
the data analysis module, namely the sound monitoring device, analyzes various collected frequencies, judges noise types according to a set safety threshold value and sends alarm information to the data processing module;
the data processing module receives the alarm information sent by the data analysis module and starts an anti-collision program;
the execution instruction module receives the instruction of the data processing module to make corresponding action so as to protect equipment;
when the device works, the operation noise frequency and the collision frequency information of the laser cutting machine are passively collected by adopting the acoustic emission sensor;
meanwhile, the noise information of the laser cutting machine is analyzed by adopting a sound monitoring device, and judgment is made on dangerous collision;
the dangerous information processing execution action of the laser cutting machine is to directly receive information of the sound monitoring device through the Ethernet by adopting a numerical control system to process equipment actions, a PLC (programmable logic controller) mode is not adopted, and response time is greatly improved.
The anti-collision protection method for laser processing comprises the anti-collision protection hardware system for laser processing and the anti-collision protection module system for laser processing, and specifically comprises the following steps of:
s1, manufacturing frequencies corresponding to different collision conditions into a frequency table, defining safety frequencies and safety ringing count times, and storing the safety ringing count times in a numerical control system;
s2, when collision occurs, the sound receiving device monitors sound signals in real time and obtains corresponding electric signals through processing of the signal processor;
s3, judging the current collision condition according to a frequency table corresponding to the sound frequency corresponding to the electric signal, if the current collision condition corresponds to the frequency of plasma and anti-slag splashing, determining the current collision condition as equipment noise, returning to the step S2, and if the current collision condition does not correspond to the frequency of plasma and anti-slag splashing, determining the current collision condition as collision noise, wherein the collision noise comprises pulse collision noise, the pulse collision noise is that a part which is processed at one time occasionally is tilted and bumped, namely ringing count, and the formed oscillating wave of the electric signal exceeding a threshold value exceeds a threshold value, but has low frequency and is bumped by a laser cutting head without damage;
s4, counting ringing counts, if the ringing counts are equal to 1, judging that the pulse collision is performed, returning to the step S2, and if the ringing counts are greater than 1, transmitting the ringing counts to a numerical control system;
s5, the numerical control system controls the laser to stop light emission, and simultaneously starts a tool retracting program;
s6, the numerical control system controls the servo driver and the servo motor to stop working, and then controls the transmission mechanism to retract;
s7, judging whether the equipment is damaged or not by the checking mechanism, judging whether the collision is serious or not, stopping the machine if the collision is serious, maintaining, performing next operation after the maintenance is finished, and performing reset operation and then performing next operation if the collision is not serious;
s8, restarting the breakpoint program.
(III) beneficial effects
The invention provides an anti-collision protection system and method for laser processing. The beneficial effects are as follows:
according to the anti-collision protection system and method for laser processing, the sound data of equipment operation and collision are passively collected through the acoustic emission sensor, the sound monitoring device performs analysis, judgment and processing, when the noise frequency generated during collision exceeds a set threshold value, a signal is sent to a system to stop through a bus. The sound signal transmission rate is fast, and collision prevention can be effectively controlled. The acoustic emission sensor is simple to install and can be applied to various laser heads, the structure of the cutting machine does not need to be changed, and the machining precision of the laser cutting machine is not affected.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the workflow of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. an acoustic emission sensor; 2. a servo motor; 3. a laser processing head; 4. acoustic emission sensor cable; 5. a servo driver; 6. a sound monitoring device; 7. an electrical cabinet; 8. industrial ethernet cable; 9. a numerical control system; 10. a laser; 11. a laser communication cable.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the present invention provides a technical solution: the utility model provides a laser processing's anticollision protection hardware system, which comprises a device body and an inspection mechanism, one side of device body is provided with regulator cubicle 7 respectively, numerical control system 9 and laser instrument 10, be provided with laser instrument communication cable 11 on the numerical control system 9, be provided with servo driver 5 and sound monitoring device 6 in the regulator cubicle 7, be provided with industrial Ethernet cable 8 on the sound monitoring device 6, be provided with the servo motor 2 that sets up with servo driver 5 cooperation on the device body, the below of servo motor 2 is provided with laser processing head 3, the side of laser processing head 3 is provided with acoustic emission sensor 1, be provided with acoustic emission sensor cable 4 on the acoustic emission sensor 1, sound monitoring device 6 includes sound receiving arrangement and signal processor.
The anti-collision protection module system for laser processing comprises an information acquisition module, a data analysis module, a data processing module and an execution instruction module;
the information acquisition module is used for realizing the acquisition of noise frequency generated by each part of the normal operation of the laser cutting machine and collision noise frequency through passive sonar, namely the passive acquisition of the acoustic emission sensor;
the data analysis module, namely the sound monitoring device 6, analyzes various collected frequencies, judges noise types according to a set safety threshold value and sends alarm information to the data processing module;
the data processing module receives the alarm information sent by the data analysis module and starts an anti-collision program;
the execution instruction module receives the instruction of the data processing module to make corresponding action so as to protect equipment;
when the device works, the operation noise frequency and the collision frequency information of the laser cutting machine are passively collected by adopting the acoustic emission sensor;
meanwhile, the noise information of the laser cutting machine is analyzed by adopting the sound monitoring device 6, so that judgment is made on dangerous collision;
the dangerous information processing execution action of the laser cutting machine is to directly receive the information of the sound monitoring device 6 through the Ethernet by adopting a numerical control system to process the equipment action, and the response time is greatly improved in a mode other than a PLC mode.
The anti-collision protection method for laser processing comprises the anti-collision protection hardware system for laser processing and the anti-collision protection module system for laser processing, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, frequency corresponding to different collision conditions is made into a frequency table, and meanwhile, safety frequency and safety ringing count times are defined and stored in a sound monitoring device 6;
s2, when collision occurs, the sound receiving device monitors sound signals in real time and obtains corresponding electric signals through processing of the signal processor;
s3, judging the current collision condition according to a frequency table corresponding to the sound frequency corresponding to the electric signal, if the current collision condition corresponds to the frequency of plasma and anti-slag splashing, determining the current collision condition as equipment noise, returning to the step S2, and if the current collision condition does not correspond to the frequency of plasma and anti-slag splashing, determining the current collision condition as collision noise, wherein the collision noise comprises pulse collision noise, the pulse collision noise is that a part which is processed at one time occasionally is tilted and bumped, namely ringing count, and the formed oscillating wave of the electric signal exceeding a threshold value exceeds a threshold value, but has low frequency and is bumped by a laser cutting head without damage;
s4, counting ringing counts, if the ringing counts are equal to 1, judging that the pulse collision is performed, returning to the step S2, and if the ringing counts are greater than 1, transmitting the ringing counts to the numerical control system 9;
s5, the numerical control system 9 controls the laser to stop light emission, and simultaneously starts a tool retracting program;
s6, the numerical control system 9 controls the servo driver 5 and the servo motor 2 to stop working, and then controls the transmission mechanism to retract;
s7, judging whether the equipment is damaged or not by the checking mechanism, judging whether the collision is serious or not, stopping the machine if the collision is serious, maintaining, performing next operation after the maintenance is finished, and performing reset operation and then performing next operation if the collision is not serious;
s8, restarting the breakpoint program.
It should be noted that, the sound is called infrasonic wave or ultra-low sound according to the sound wave with the frequency lower than 20 Hz; sound waves with the frequency of 20 Hz-20 kHz are called audible sound; sound waves with the frequency of 20 kHz-1 GHz are called ultrasonic waves; sound waves with frequencies greater than 1GHz are known as ultra-or microwave ultrasound. The laser cutting machine equipment emits various sounds when running, and in the range of audible sound and ultrasonic wave, the steel plate transmission, the conveyor belt friction, the guide rail bearing, the hydraulic station, the motor, the nearby crown block, the buzzer and the like all generate noise, and the noise belongs to low-frequency noise. The noise generated by metal friction and collision is in the range of 250-350kHz in addition to part of the noise which is generated in the audible sound wave band frequency of 20 Hz-20 kHz and the ultrasonic wave band which belongs to the frequency of 20 kHz-1 GHz, especially the high-frequency noise generated during collision. The invention adopts a passive sonar system mode, namely, the acoustic emission sensor is used for transmitting the acoustic wave to the sound monitoring device for analysis, the contact property is judged according to different frequencies, and an alarm signal exceeding a safety threshold value is transmitted to the numerical control system for corresponding processing. The acoustic wave propagates in the solid in both longitudinal and transverse modes, the wave velocities of which are also different. In stainless steel, the longitudinal wave speed is 5790 m/s, and the transverse wave speed is 3100 m/s, so that the acoustic emission sensor at any position of the laser cutting head can receive and transmit signals at the highest speed.
In summary, according to the anti-collision protection system and method for laser processing, the acoustic emission sensor passively collects the sound data of equipment operation and collision, the sound monitoring device performs analysis, judgment and processing, when the frequency of noise generated during collision exceeds a set threshold value, and signals are sent to the system to stop through a bus. The sound signal transmission rate is fast, and collision prevention can be effectively controlled. The acoustic emission sensor is simple to install and can be applied to various laser heads, the structure of the cutting machine does not need to be changed, and the machining precision of the laser cutting machine is not affected.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (1)
1. A method for collision protection for laser processing, characterized by: the anti-collision protection system comprises an anti-collision protection hardware system for laser processing and an anti-collision protection module system for laser processing;
the anti-collision protection hardware system for laser processing comprises a device body and an inspection mechanism, wherein an electric cabinet (7), a numerical control system (9) and a laser (10) are respectively arranged on one side of the device body, a laser communication cable (11) is arranged on the numerical control system (9), a servo driver (5) and a sound monitoring device (6) are arranged in the electric cabinet (7), an industrial Ethernet cable (8) is arranged on the sound monitoring device (6), a servo motor (2) matched with the servo driver (5) is arranged on the device body, a laser processing head (3) is arranged below the servo motor (2), an acoustic emission sensor (1) is arranged on the side face of the laser processing head (3), an acoustic emission sensor cable (4) is arranged on the acoustic emission sensor (1), and the sound monitoring device (6) comprises a sound receiving device and a signal processor;
the anti-collision protection module system for laser processing comprises an information acquisition module, a data analysis module, a data processing module and an execution instruction module;
the information acquisition module is used for realizing the acquisition of noise frequency generated by each part of the normal operation of the laser cutting machine and collision noise frequency through passive sonar, namely the passive acquisition of the acoustic emission sensor;
the data analysis module analyzes various frequencies acquired, judges noise types according to a set safety threshold value, and sends alarm information to the data processing module;
the data processing module receives the alarm information sent by the data analysis module and starts an anti-collision program;
the execution instruction module receives the instruction of the data processing module to make corresponding action so as to protect equipment;
during working, the acoustic emission sensor is adopted to passively collect the running noise frequency and collision frequency information of the laser cutting machine, and meanwhile, the sound monitoring device (6) is adopted to analyze the noise information of the laser cutting machine so as to judge dangerous collision;
the dangerous information processing execution action of the laser cutting machine is to directly receive information of the sound monitoring device (6) through the Ethernet by adopting a numerical control system to process equipment actions, and the response time is greatly improved in a mode other than a PLC;
the laser processing anti-collision protection method comprises the following specific operations:
s1, making frequencies corresponding to different collision conditions into a frequency table, defining safety frequencies and safety ringing count times, and storing the safety ringing count times in a sound monitoring device (6);
s2, when collision occurs, the sound monitoring device (6) monitors sound signals in real time and obtains corresponding electric signals through processing of the signal processor;
s3, judging the current collision condition according to a frequency table corresponding to the sound frequency corresponding to the electric signal, if the current collision condition corresponds to the frequency of plasma and anti-slag splashing, determining the current collision condition as equipment noise, returning to the step S2, and if the current collision condition does not correspond to the frequency of plasma and anti-slag splashing, determining the current collision condition as collision noise, wherein the collision noise comprises pulse collision noise, the pulse collision noise is that a part which is processed at one time occasionally is tilted and bumped, namely ringing count, and the formed oscillating wave of the electric signal exceeding a threshold value exceeds a threshold value, but has low frequency and is bumped by a laser cutting head without damage;
s4, counting ringing counts, if the ringing counts are equal to 1, judging that the pulse collision is performed, returning to the step S2, and if the ringing counts are greater than 1, transmitting the ringing counts to a numerical control system (9);
s5, the numerical control system (9) controls the laser to stop light emission, and simultaneously starts a tool retracting program;
s6, a numerical control system (9) controls the servo driver (5) and the servo motor (2) to stop working, and then controls the transmission mechanism to retract;
s7, judging whether the equipment is damaged or not by the checking mechanism, judging whether the collision is serious or not, stopping the machine if the collision is serious, maintaining, performing next operation after the maintenance is finished, and performing reset operation and then performing next operation if the collision is not serious;
s8, restarting the breakpoint program.
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| CN110308439A (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2019-10-08 | 美钻深海能源科技研发（上海）有限公司 | A kind of anti-collision system, method and storage medium |
| CN112700793A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-23 | 国网福建省电力有限公司 | Method and system for identifying fault collision of water turbine |
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