CN113909713A - Anti-collision protection system and method for laser processing - Google Patents
Anti-collision protection system and method for laser processing Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000010365 information processing Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005236 sound signal Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 abstract description 26
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003028 elevating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
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Abstract
The invention discloses an anti-collision protection system and method for laser processing, and relates to the technical field of laser processing. The anti-collision protection hardware system for laser processing comprises a device body and an inspection mechanism, wherein an electrical cabinet, a numerical control system and a laser are respectively arranged on one side of the device body, a laser communication cable is arranged on the numerical control system, and a servo driver and a sound monitoring device are arranged in the electrical cabinet. According to the anti-collision protection system and method for laser processing, sound data of equipment operation and collision are passively collected through the acoustic emission sensor, the sound monitoring device analyzes, judges and processes the sound data, when the frequency of noise generated during collision exceeds a set threshold value, a signal is sent to the system through the bus to stop the system. The transmission rate of the acoustic signal is high, and the anti-collision function can be effectively realized in control. The acoustic emission sensor is simple to install, can be applied to various laser heads, does not need to change the structure of the cutting machine, and does not influence the processing precision of the laser cutting machine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser processing, in particular to an anti-collision protection system and method for laser processing.
Background
The laser cutting machine is applied to various fields, such as the automobile industry, the aerospace industry, the engineering machinery, the medical treatment, the metallurgy and other manufacturing industries, and can cut metal plates and pipes made of various materials, such as steel, alloy, copper, aluminum and the like. However, the 3D cutting from the plane cutting to the complex curved surface structure faces a problem that the laser head may collide with the workpiece and the fixture to damage the cutting head, the cutting head itself is expensive, and the production and manufacture are affected by the replacement and maintenance, so that the problem needs to be solved.
The following patent methods were found by search:
patent CN 102794570B discloses laser cutting machine collision device, and the cutting head is connected with the anticollision base member, and the anticollision body is connected together with cutting torch elevating gear, and the anticollision base member passes through magnet with the anticollision body and is connected, and inductive switch is fixed in on the anticollision base member, whether suffer the collision and signal in laser cutting machine's PLC control system through elastic contact inductive switch response cutting head part. In addition to enabling the cutting head to automatically disengage after the head is impacted, the system also enables the cutting machine to stop running. The cutting head can be protected. However, the device is complicated in structure and connected through magnetic force, the machining precision is affected due to insufficient rigidity, and damage to the optical fiber and the lens of the laser head can occur when the cutting head is separated. In addition, the elastic contact can trigger a sensing signal to a system after being deformed to a certain degree, and the delay is high.
The patent CN 110549010A discloses a laser cutting machine capable of automatically stopping the operation of a cutting head when collision occurs, which comprises a cutting machine body, a laser head body and a movable frame. The side of laser head body is provided with the anticollision mounting bracket, and the inside of collision loss prevention mount pad is provided with side direction buffering clamping module, and the built-in buffer spring of buffering clamping module, when the collision appears, the collision buffering guard action can be played under spacing wheel of laminating, side spacing wheel and the cooperation of corresponding buffering module. The cutting head produces the displacement when colliding, and inductive switch transmits signal to the system and shuts down, prevents to lose the expansion. But the device structure is complicated and connect buffer spring, and the high-speed inertia that moves of cutting head can compress the spring and produce the displacement, influences the machining precision. After the cutting head generates displacement, the contact switch transmits a signal to the system to stop, and the delay is high.
In summary, among the prior art, to the form that adopts spring, magnet through the cutting head to be connected with drive disk assembly, can produce certain buffering guard action to the cutting head collision, but laser beam machining laser head moving speed is very fast, triggers through elastic deformation and the displacement triggered signal of telecommunication has certain delay time, will appear most likely that the hard collision of cutting head leads to servo motor to transship just to shut down or directly block, and signal transmission to PLC handles in addition and also has longer delay.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an anti-collision protection system and method for laser processing, which solve the problems that in the prior art, a cutting head is connected with a transmission part in a spring and magnet mode, a certain buffer protection effect can be generated on the collision of the cutting head, but the moving speed of a laser processing laser head is high, electric signals triggered by elastic deformation and displacement have certain delay time, the cutting head is likely to be shut down or directly clamped due to overload of a servo motor caused by hard collision of the cutting head, and in addition, the signals are transmitted to a PLC for processing and have longer delay.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a laser beam machining's anticollision protection hardware system, includes device body and inspection mechanism, one side of device body is provided with regulator cubicle, numerical control system and laser instrument respectively, the last laser instrument communication cable that is provided with of numerical control system, be provided with servo driver and sound monitoring device in the regulator cubicle, be provided with industry ethernet cable on the sound monitoring device, be provided with the servo motor who sets up with servo driver cooperation on the device body, servo motor's below is provided with the laser beam machining head, the side of laser beam machining head is provided with acoustic emission sensor, be provided with the acoustic emission sensor cable on the acoustic emission sensor, sound monitoring device includes sound receiving collection and analysis function.
An anti-collision protection module system for laser processing comprises an information acquisition module, a data analysis module, a data processing module and an execution instruction module;
the information acquisition module is used for passively acquiring the noise frequency generated by each part of the laser cutting machine in normal operation and the frequency of collision noise through a passive sonar, namely an acoustic emission sensor;
the data analysis module, namely the sound monitoring device, analyzes various collected frequencies, judges the noise category according to a set safety threshold value, and sends alarm information to the data processing module;
the data processing module is used for receiving the alarm information sent by the data analysis module and starting an anti-collision program;
the execution instruction module receives the instruction of the data processing module to make a corresponding action and protect equipment;
when the system works, the acoustic emission sensor is adopted to passively collect the running noise frequency and collision frequency information of the laser cutting machine;
meanwhile, a sound monitoring device is adopted to analyze the noise information of the laser cutting machine, so that the dangerous collision is judged;
the dangerous information processing and executing action of the laser cutting machine is realized by adopting a numerical control system to directly receive information of the sound monitoring device through the Ethernet to process the equipment action, and the response time is greatly improved without adopting a PLC (programmable logic controller) form.
A method for laser processing anti-collision protection, comprising the above-mentioned laser processing anti-collision protection hardware system and the above-mentioned laser processing anti-collision protection module system, specifically operating as follows:
s1, making frequencies corresponding to different collision situations into a frequency table, defining safe frequencies and safe ringing counting times at the same time, and storing the frequencies in a numerical control system;
s2, when collision happens, the sound receiving device monitors the sound signal in real time and obtains a corresponding electric signal after being processed by the signal processor;
s3, judging the current collision condition according to the sound frequency corresponding frequency table corresponding to the electric signal, if the frequency is the frequency of the splashing of the plasma and the slag, determining the current collision condition as the equipment noise, returning to the step S2, if the frequency is not the frequency of the splashing of the plasma and the slag, determining the current collision condition as the collision noise, wherein the collision noise comprises impulse type collision noise, the impulse type collision noise is the tilting touch of the part which is processed once at once, namely the ringing count, and the formed oscillation wave of the electric signal which exceeds the threshold value, but the frequency is very low, and the oscillation wave of the electric signal is touched by the laser cutting head and does not cause damage;
s4, counting the ringing count, if the ringing count is equal to 1, determining that the collision is an impulse type collision, returning to the step S2, if the ringing count is greater than 1, sending the ringing count to the numerical control system;
s5, the numerical control system controls the laser to stop emitting light and starts a tool retracting program at the same time;
s6, the numerical control system controls the servo driver and the servo motor to stop working, and then controls the transmission mechanism to retract;
s7, an inspection mechanism judges whether the equipment is damaged or not, so as to judge whether the collision is serious or not, if so, the equipment is shut down and maintained, the next operation is carried out after the maintenance is finished, and if not, the equipment is reset, and then the next operation is carried out;
and S8, restarting the breakpoint program.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides an anti-collision protection system and method for laser processing. The method has the following beneficial effects:
according to the anti-collision protection system and method for laser processing, sound data of equipment operation and collision are passively collected through the acoustic emission sensor, the sound monitoring device analyzes, judges and processes the sound data, when the frequency of noise generated during collision exceeds a set threshold value, a signal is sent to the system through the bus to stop the system. The transmission rate of the acoustic signal is high, and the anti-collision function can be effectively realized in control. The acoustic emission sensor is simple to install, can be applied to various laser heads, does not need to change the structure of the cutting machine, and does not influence the processing precision of the laser cutting machine.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the working process of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. an acoustic emission sensor; 2. a servo motor; 3. a laser processing head; 4. an acoustic emission sensor cable; 5. a servo driver; 6. a sound monitoring device; 7. an electrical cabinet; 8. an industrial ethernet cable; 9. a numerical control system; 10. a laser; 11. laser communication cable.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the present invention provides a technical solution: the utility model provides a laser machining's anticollision protection hardware system, including device body and inspection mechanism, one side of device body is provided with regulator cubicle 7 respectively, numerical control system 9 and laser instrument 10, be provided with laser instrument communication cable 11 on the numerical control system 9, be provided with servo driver 5 and sound monitoring device 6 in the regulator cubicle 7, be provided with industry ethernet cable 8 on the sound monitoring device 6, be provided with servo motor 2 with the 5 cooperation settings of servo driver on the device body, servo motor 2's below is provided with laser processing head 3, laser processing head 3's side is provided with acoustic emission sensor 1, be provided with acoustic emission sensor cable 4 on the acoustic emission sensor 1, sound monitoring device 6 includes sound receiving arrangement and signal processor.
An anti-collision protection module system for laser processing comprises an information acquisition module, a data analysis module, a data processing module and an execution instruction module;
the information acquisition module is used for passively acquiring the noise frequency generated by each part of the laser cutting machine in normal operation and the frequency of collision noise through a passive sonar, namely an acoustic emission sensor;
the data analysis module, namely the sound monitoring device 6, analyzes the acquired various frequencies, judges the noise category according to the set safety threshold value, and sends alarm information to the data processing module;
the data processing module is used for receiving the alarm information sent by the data analysis module and starting an anti-collision program;
the execution instruction module receives the instruction of the data processing module to make a corresponding action and protect equipment;
when the system works, the acoustic emission sensor is adopted to passively collect the running noise frequency and collision frequency information of the laser cutting machine;
meanwhile, the noise information of the laser cutting machine is analyzed by adopting the sound monitoring device 6, and the dangerous collision is judged;
the dangerous information processing and executing action of the laser cutting machine is to process the equipment action by directly receiving the information of the sound monitoring device 6 through the Ethernet by using a numerical control system, and the response time is greatly improved without adopting a PLC (programmable logic controller) form.
A method for laser processing anti-collision protection comprises the laser processing anti-collision protection hardware system and the laser processing anti-collision protection module system, and specifically comprises the following operations:
s1, making frequencies corresponding to different collision situations into a frequency table, defining safe frequencies and safe ringing counting times at the same time, and storing the frequencies in the sound monitoring device 6;
s2, when collision happens, the sound receiving device monitors the sound signal in real time and obtains a corresponding electric signal after being processed by the signal processor;
s3, judging the current collision condition according to the sound frequency corresponding frequency table corresponding to the electric signal, if the frequency is the frequency of the splashing of the plasma and the slag, determining the current collision condition as the equipment noise, returning to the step S2, if the frequency is not the frequency of the splashing of the plasma and the slag, determining the current collision condition as the collision noise, wherein the collision noise comprises impulse type collision noise, the impulse type collision noise is the tilting touch of the part which is processed once at once, namely the ringing count, and the formed oscillation wave of the electric signal which exceeds the threshold value, but the frequency is very low, and the oscillation wave of the electric signal is touched by the laser cutting head and does not cause damage;
s4, counting the ringing count, if the ringing count is equal to 1, determining that the collision is an impulse type collision, returning to the step S2, if the ringing count is greater than 1, sending the ringing count to the numerical control system 9;
s5, the numerical control system 9 controls the laser to stop emitting light and starts a tool retracting program at the same time;
s6, the numerical control system 9 controls the servo driver 5 and the servo motor 2 to stop working, and then controls the transmission mechanism to retract;
s7, an inspection mechanism judges whether the equipment is damaged or not, so as to judge whether the collision is serious or not, if so, the equipment is shut down and maintained, the next operation is carried out after the maintenance is finished, and if not, the equipment is reset, and then the next operation is carried out;
and S8, restarting the breakpoint program.
It should be noted that the sound is called infrasonic wave or ultra-low sound according to the sound wave with frequency lower than 20 Hz; the sound wave with the frequency of 20 Hz-20 kHz is called audible sound; the sound wave with the frequency of 20 kHz-1 GHz is called ultrasonic wave; sound waves with frequencies greater than 1GHz are called hypersonic or microwave ultrasound. The laser cutting machine equipment makes various sounds during operation, and in the audible sound and ultrasonic wave range, steel plate transmission, conveyor belt friction, guide rail bearings, hydraulic stations, motors, nearby crown blocks, buzzers and the like generate noise, which belongs to low-frequency noise. The invention adopts a method for judging collision and protecting according to the noise frequency in view of the above characteristics, wherein the noise generated by metal friction and collision is not only partially in the audible sound wave band frequency of 20 Hz-20 kHz, but also in the ultrasonic wave band belonging to the frequency of 20 kHz-1 GHz, and particularly the high-frequency noise generated during collision is in the range of 250-350 kHz. The invention adopts a passive sonar system mode, namely, the acoustic emission sensor is used for transmitting the acoustic wave to a sound monitoring device for analysis, judging the contact property according to different frequencies, and transmitting an alarm signal exceeding a safety threshold value to a numerical control system for corresponding processing. Sound waves propagate in a solid in both longitudinal and transverse forms, and the wave velocities of these two waves are also different. In stainless steel, the longitudinal wave speed is 5790 m/s, and the transverse wave speed is 3100 m/s, so that the acoustic emission sensor at any position of the laser cutting head when collision occurs can receive and transmit signals at the highest speed.
In summary, according to the anti-collision protection system and method for laser processing, the acoustic emission sensor is used for passively collecting the sound data of equipment operation and collision, the sound monitoring device is used for analyzing, judging and processing, when the noise frequency generated during collision exceeds the set threshold value, a signal is sent to the system through the bus to stop the system. The transmission rate of the acoustic signal is high, and the anti-collision function can be effectively realized in control. The acoustic emission sensor is simple to install, can be applied to various laser heads, does not need to change the structure of the cutting machine, and does not influence the processing precision of the laser cutting machine.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a laser beam machining's anticollision protection hardware system, includes device body and inspection machine structure, its characterized in that: one side of the device body is provided with an electric cabinet (7), a numerical control system (9) and a laser (10) respectively, the numerical control system (9) is provided with a laser communication cable (11), a servo driver (5) and a sound monitoring device (6) are arranged in the electric cabinet (7), an industrial Ethernet cable (8) is arranged on the sound monitoring device (6), the device body is provided with a servo motor (2) which is matched with the servo driver (5), the lower portion of the servo motor (2) is provided with a laser processing head (3), the side face of the laser processing head (3) is provided with a sound emission sensor (1), the sound emission sensor (1) is provided with a sound emission sensor cable (4), and the sound monitoring device (6) comprises a sound receiving device and a signal processor.
2. The utility model provides a laser beam machining's anticollision protection module system which characterized in that: the system comprises an information acquisition module, a data analysis module, a data processing module and an execution instruction module;
the information acquisition module is used for passively acquiring the noise frequency generated by each part of the laser cutting machine in normal operation and the frequency of collision noise through a passive sonar, namely an acoustic emission sensor;
the data analysis module, namely the sound monitoring device (6), analyzes various collected frequencies, judges the noise category according to a set safety threshold value, and sends alarm information to the data processing module;
the data processing module is used for receiving the alarm information sent by the data analysis module and starting an anti-collision program;
the execution instruction module receives the instruction of the data processing module to make a corresponding action and protect equipment;
when the system works, the acoustic emission sensor is adopted to passively collect the running noise frequency and collision frequency information of the laser cutting machine;
meanwhile, the noise information of the laser cutting machine is analyzed by adopting a sound monitoring device (6), and dangerous collision is judged;
the dangerous information processing and executing action of the laser cutting machine is realized by adopting a numerical control system to directly receive information of the sound monitoring device (6) through the Ethernet to process the equipment action, and the response time is greatly prolonged without adopting a PLC (programmable logic controller) form.
3. A method for collision protection of laser processing is characterized in that: the laser-machined anti-collision protection hardware system comprising the laser-machined anti-collision protection hardware system of claim 1 and the laser-machined anti-collision protection module system of claim 2, specifically operate as follows:
s1, making frequencies corresponding to different collision situations into a frequency table, defining safe frequencies and safe ringing counting times at the same time, and storing the frequencies in the sound monitoring device (6);
s2, when collision happens, the sound monitoring device (6) monitors the sound signals in real time and obtains corresponding electric signals after being processed by the signal processor;
s3, judging the current collision condition according to the sound frequency corresponding frequency table corresponding to the electric signal, if the frequency is the frequency of the splashing of the plasma and the slag, determining the current collision condition as the equipment noise, returning to the step S2, if the frequency is not the frequency of the splashing of the plasma and the slag, determining the current collision condition as the collision noise, wherein the collision noise comprises impulse type collision noise, the impulse type collision noise is the tilting touch of the part which is processed once at once, namely the ringing count, and the formed oscillation wave of the electric signal which exceeds the threshold value, but the frequency is very low, and the oscillation wave of the electric signal is touched by the laser cutting head and does not cause damage;
s4, counting the ringing count, if the ringing count is equal to 1, determining that the pulse type collision exists, returning to the step S2, if the ringing count is greater than 1, sending the ringing count to the numerical control system (9);
s5, controlling the laser to stop emitting light by the numerical control system (9), and starting a tool retracting program at the same time;
s6, the numerical control system (9) controls the servo driver (5) and the servo motor (2) to stop working, and then controls the transmission mechanism to retract;
s7, an inspection mechanism judges whether the equipment is damaged or not, so as to judge whether the collision is serious or not, if so, the equipment is shut down and maintained, the next operation is carried out after the maintenance is finished, and if not, the equipment is reset, and then the next operation is carried out;
and S8, restarting the breakpoint program.
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