CN113909208B - Reciprocating stirring and ultrasonic composite molten salt cleaning device and design and use method thereof - Google Patents
Reciprocating stirring and ultrasonic composite molten salt cleaning device and design and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113909208B CN113909208B CN202111147862.3A CN202111147862A CN113909208B CN 113909208 B CN113909208 B CN 113909208B CN 202111147862 A CN202111147862 A CN 202111147862A CN 113909208 B CN113909208 B CN 113909208B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
- B08B3/10—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration
- B08B3/12—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration by sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B13/00—Accessories or details of general applicability for machines or apparatus for cleaning
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
- B08B3/08—Cleaning involving contact with liquid the liquid having chemical or dissolving effect
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
- B08B3/10—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
- B08B3/10—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration
- B08B3/102—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration with means for agitating the liquid
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of industrial cleaning, and discloses a reciprocating stirring and ultrasonic composite molten salt cleaning device, a design method and a use method thereof. The invention has the beneficial effects that the intensity-controllable reciprocating stirring impact and ultrasonic cavitation impact action can be applied in the molten salt cleaning process, and the cleaning of the polluted layers such as paint, oil stain, carbon deposit and the like on the surface of the workpiece is accelerated by virtue of the physical and chemical action, the ultrasonic cavitation impact action and the macroscopic stirring action of the molten salt.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of industrial cleaning, and relates to a reciprocating stirring and ultrasonic composite molten salt cleaning device, a design method and a use method thereof.
Background
The fused salt cleaning technology can utilize the superstrong soil removal ability of fused salt to carry out the washing of multiple pollution layers such as paint greasy dirt carbon deposit, and ultrasonic vibration is exerted on this technique, relies on ultrasonic cavitation impact effect to realize can accelerating the washing of pollution layer to a certain extent, but owing to lack macroscopic stirring effect in the cleaning process, can lead to following problem:
(1) the efficiency of slowly cleaning the complex structure position of the workpiece by molten salt flowing is low;
(2) dirt is easy to remain in the blind area under the ultrasonic cavitation effect, and the overall cleaning effect is influenced;
(3) paint, oil stain, carbon deposit and the like falling off from the surface of the workpiece are easy to gather on the surface of the molten salt and form hard shells, which affect the cleaning effect and pollute the workpiece when the workpiece is taken out.
In addition, fused salt cleaning process temperature is high, wait to wash the work piece and occupy the washing tank space, and conventional agitating unit can't use in the narrow and small space of washing tank, consequently, need to develop a high efficiency, the automatic stirring device that is applicable to narrow and small space use in the fused salt washing tank to and the compound cleaning system that macroscopical microcosmic stirring strikes and combine together, further enlarge the range of application of fused salt cleaning technique.
Patent application (CN109127582A) discloses an automatic supersound salt bath belt cleaning device, including salt bath groove, ultrasonic vibrator, evacuation system, heating device and rotary part, as cleaning medium through the fused salt, ultrasonic vibrator produces the ultrasonic wave to utilize ultrasonic wave's cavitation to wash the contaminated layer of part, drive the work piece through the rotary part at washing tank middle part and rotate, the friction between the increase parts of waiting to wash, with better realization cleaning performance. Although the patent application (CN109127582A) can form a stirring effect with controllable strength, in order to drive the workpiece to rotate in the molten salt, the mechanical structure is complex, and is not suitable for cleaning large-mass workpieces, and the rotary seal is located inside the molten salt tank, so that the rotary seal is easily damaged under the action of high-temperature molten salt to cause leakage, and the reliability is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a reciprocating stirring and ultrasonic composite molten salt cleaning device, a design method and a use method thereof, which can apply reciprocating stirring impact and ultrasonic cavitation impact with controllable strength in the molten salt cleaning process, accelerate the cleaning of polluted layers such as paint, oil stain and carbon deposit on the surface of a workpiece by virtue of the physical and chemical action, the ultrasonic cavitation impact action and the macroscopic stirring action of molten salt, and have good cleaning effect and high cleaning efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a reciprocating stirring and ultrasonic composite molten salt cleaning device, which comprises a support, a cleaning tank arranged on the support, ultrasonic vibrators arranged outside the front wall surface and the rear wall surface of the cleaning tank, a tank cover arranged on the cleaning tank, a workpiece placing table arranged at the bottom in the cleaning tank, a molten salt discharge port arranged at the bottom of the cleaning tank, an electric heating tube and a temperature sensor arranged between the bottom of the cleaning tank and the workpiece placing table, and stirring devices used for applying stirring impact force in molten salt, wherein the stirring devices are arranged at the left side and the right side of the cleaning tank in a centrosymmetric manner, so that the stirring devices at the left side and the right side move in opposite directions due to the centrosymmetric arrangement, and vortex is easy to form.
Combine the first aspect, it is further that the support is laid subaerial, and the top installation washing tank, the washing tank is the major structure who carries out fused salt supersound combined cleaning, the washing tank is four angles and is circular-arc hollow cube structure, reduces the inslot liquid circulation flow resistance, does benefit to the formation of vortex.
With reference to the first aspect, further, the slot cover is an automatic slot cover, which is automatically opened and closed by being connected with a slot cover cylinder, and can be automatically closed in the workpiece cleaning process, so that liquid drop sputtering and waste gas overflow in the cleaning process are prevented.
In combination with the first aspect, the washing device further comprises a waste discharge port, wherein the waste discharge port is arranged at the upper part of the rear tank wall of the washing tank, and the waste discharge port is connected with a waste treatment device and used for collecting and treating waste gas in the washing process.
With reference to the first aspect, further, the ultrasonic vibrators are arranged outside the front wall surface and the rear wall surface of the cleaning tank in an array.
With reference to the first aspect, a heat insulation plate is arranged between the ultrasonic vibrator and the cleaning tank and used for conducting the temperature of the high-temperature molten salt in the blocking tank to the ultrasonic vibrator to ensure the normal operation of the ultrasonic vibrator; the ultrasonic vibrator is connected with an ultrasonic generator.
With reference to the first aspect, further, a molten salt discharge valve is provided on the molten salt discharge port, and the molten salt discharge valve is configured to open and close the molten salt discharge port.
With reference to the first aspect, further, the workpiece placing platform is used for placing a workpiece to be cleaned; the electric heating tube and the temperature sensor are arranged for heating the molten salt and controlling the temperature.
With reference to the first aspect, further, the stirring device is a reciprocating stirring device, and the reciprocating stirring device comprises a stirring motor, a torque sensor, a speed reducer, a slider-crank mechanism, a stirring support and stirring blades, which are connected in sequence; the crank sliding block mechanism comprises a crank, a connecting rod, a sliding block and a linear guide rail; the stirring motor is arranged on the outer side wall of the cleaning tank through a motor mounting plate; the axle and the crank of reduction gear are connected, and the connecting rod is connected with stirring support one end, and the other end of stirring support is located inside the washing tank and is provided with stirring vane, and the middle part and the slider of stirring support are connected to install on the guide rail jointly, change agitator motor's rotary motion into the reciprocating motion of stirring support through slider-crank mechanism.
With reference to the first aspect, further, at least 2 branches are arranged at one end of the stirring support, which extends into the cleaning tank, at least 1 stirring blade capable of swinging is arranged on each branch, and a stirring blade limiting block is arranged on one side of each stirring blade; when the stirring support moves forwards, the stirring blade limiting block is abutted against the stirring blade so as to push the molten salt cleaning liquid at the front part of the stirring blade to flow and promote the formation of vortex in the cleaning tank; when the stirring support moves backwards, the stirring blade limiting block does not work, the stirring blade is closed, and the influence on the formed vortex in the cleaning tank is reduced. After the stirring blade and the stirring blade limiting blocks are arranged in a centrosymmetric mode, the stirring blades and the stirring blade limiting blocks on the left side and the right side of the cleaning tank are convenient to drive liquid in the cleaning tank to form stable vortex in the reciprocating motion of the stirring support.
Combine the first aspect, it is further, in order to prevent that the stirring support from rocking about stirring the in-process, increase agitating unit's rigidity, install 2 sets of synchronous slider guide rail mechanisms that are parallel to each other respectively in the inside and outside relative position in both sides of washing tank, the slider among 2 sets of slider guide rail mechanisms all is connected with the middle part of stirring support.
In combination with the first aspect, further, the stirring motor may use a stepping motor, a servo motor or other stirring motors capable of controlling the angular displacement difference.
With reference to the first aspect, the washing machine further comprises a controller for controlling the implementation of a washing function in the washing tank, wherein the controller comprises a tank cover module, a heating module, an ultrasonic module, a stirring module and an exhaust gas treatment module; the tank cover module is used for controlling an automatic cylinder connected with the tank cover to open and close the tank cover; the heating module is used for receiving a temperature signal of the temperature sensor and controlling the heating power of the electric heating tube so as to realize the melting and temperature stabilization of the molten salt in the cleaning tank; the ultrasonic module is used for controlling an ultrasonic generator connected with an ultrasonic vibrator, the ultrasonic generator applies ultrasonic frequency vibration to the cleaning tank through the ultrasonic vibrator, and the ultrasonic control module is used for controlling the intensity of ultrasonic cavitation impact in the molten salt; the waste gas treatment module is used for controlling a waste gas treatment device connected with the waste discharge port, and carrying out environment-friendly treatment on waste gas collected through the waste gas discharge port in the cleaning process and discharging the waste gas; the stirring module is used for controlling stirring impact force applied by the stirring device in the molten salt.
With reference to the first aspect, further, the stirring module includes a phase control module, a rotation speed control module, and a safety control module; the phase control module is used for identifying the angular displacement and the power phase of the stirring motors at the two sides and then controlling the stirring motors at the two sides to operate at a stable angular displacement difference, so that the stirring supports which are distributed in central symmetry move in opposite directions, and fluid eddy is easy to form; the rotating speed control module is used for controlling the pulse frequency sent to the stirring motor, controlling the rotating speed of the stirring motor, then adjusting the reciprocating motion speed of the stirring support and adjusting the stirring impact strength in the molten salt; the stirring support and the stirring blades are inevitably blocked in the stirring process, such as the blockage of a crank connecting rod, the blockage of a slide block guide rail, the blockage of the stirring support or the blades when touching unmelted molten salt or a workpiece, and the like. In order to protect the stirring device and avoid the stirring device from being blocked to cause the stirring system to be damaged due to reasons of molten salt crystallization, workpiece blocking and the like, the stirring module of the controller is additionally provided with a safety control module which is used for safety controlThe module is used for monitoring the torque of the dynamic torque sensors on the left side and the right side in real time, and when the actual output torque M of the stirring motor is detected Electric motor practice (namely the real-time torque of the stirring motor) is larger than the critical value M of the clamping stagnation of the stirring motor Clamping stagnation of motor In time, the safety control module judges that the stirring device is blocked, and then the power supply of the left stirring motor and the power supply of the right stirring motor are cut off in time, so that the stirring motors are prevented from being burnt out or the mechanical structure is prevented from being damaged.
During normal stirring operation, the output torque of the stirring motor is related to the resistance coefficient of the molten salt cleaning liquid, the area of the stirring blade, the movement speed of the stirring blade, the reduction ratio of the speed reducer, the transmission efficiency of the transmission mechanism and the like, and the stirring speed and the movement speed of the stirring blade can be set through the control system, so the output torque M of the motor Electrical machine And judging the critical value M of the clamping stagnation of the stirring motor Clamping stagnation of motor Is a varying value.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a design method of a reciprocating stirring and ultrasonic composite molten salt cleaning device, wherein the selected output torque M of a stirring motor Motor selection Critical value M of clamping stagnation of stirring motor Clamping stagnation of motor The calculation method of (2) is as follows:
through an actual measurement test, the resistance coefficient C of the stirring blade in reciprocating motion in the molten salt cleaning liquid is obtained d ；
Wherein, C d The resistance coefficient of the cleaning solution; f Testing The resistance force of the stirring blade in the cleaning solution during the test is directly read by the force sensor; a. the Testing The area of the orthographic projection of the stirring blade in the motion direction in the test is obtained by directly calculating the size of the test blade; rho Cleaning liquid For the density of the cleaning solution, when a molten salt cleaning formulation is used, the density is about 2000kg/m 3 ；V Testing The moving speed of the stirring blade in the molten salt cleaning solution in the test is 0.25 m/s-1 m-s；
Calculating when the stirring blade is at the set speed V Stirring the mixture The torque M required by the stirring motor when reciprocating and stirring Electric machine 。
The formula (5) is obtained according to the formulas (2) to (4), when the crank block operates and the crank is perpendicular to the movement direction, namely alpha is 90 degrees, the speed of the stirring support is fastest, all stirring blades are opened, the fluid resistance borne by the stirring support is the largest at the moment, and the output torque of the stirring motor is also the largest;
wherein i is the transmission ratio of the speed reducer; eta is the transmission efficiency of the stirring device; m Speed reducer Outputting torque for the speed reducer; f Stirring the mixture Is the sum of the resistance of the stirring blade in the reciprocating stirring process; a is the orthographic projection area of the stirring blade combination in the motion direction; rho is the density of the cleaning liquid; v Stirring the mixture The linear velocity of the reciprocating motion of the stirring bracket; omega is the angular speed of the output shaft of the speed reducer; r is the length of the crank; l is the length of the connecting rod; alpha is the included angle between the crank and the horizontal line; beta is the included angle between the connecting rod and the horizontal line; λ is the ratio of the length of the crank to the length of the connecting rod;
considering the transmission of a reciprocating stirring systemEfficiency, friction losses, in selecting the output torque M of the agitator motor Motor selection Then, the maximum torque M is calculated according to the maximum speed set in the stirring process Motor MAX Is multiplied by a coefficient K 1 In said stirring device K 1 Taking the value of 3-4;
M motor selection ＝K 1 ×M Motor MAX (7)
In the calculation of critical value M of stirring motor clamping stagnation Clamping stagnation of motor During the process, the maximum value of the real-time output torque of the stirring motor in the reciprocating stirring process is calculated according to the set stirring speed, and then multiplied by a coefficient K 2 In said stirring device K 2 The value is 1.5-2;
M clamping stagnation of motor ＝K 2 ×M Electric machine (8)。
In a third aspect, the invention provides a using method of a reciprocating stirring and ultrasonic composite molten salt cleaning device, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: starting the cleaning device, setting the molten salt cleaning temperature, and controlling the electric heating pipe to work by the controller, melting the molten salt in the cleaning tank and reaching the preset temperature;
Step two: opening a cleaning tank cover, placing a workpiece to be cleaned on a workpiece placing platform in the cleaning tank, and closing the cleaning tank cover;
step three: the ultrasonic generator controls the ultrasonic vibrator to vibrate, and the pollution layer is bombarded by the microscopic cavitation impact effect inside the molten salt;
step four: the stirring module controls stirring motors on two sides to start running and controls the angular displacement of the motors through the phase control module, so that the stirring supports on two sides of the cleaning tank move oppositely at any moment; the method specifically comprises the following steps: when the stirrer is pushed out (namely, the stirring support moves forwards), the stirring blades are opened towards two sides and are propped against the stirring blade limiting blocks behind the stirring blades, and the stirring blades which are arranged in a central symmetry mode can drive the molten salt in the cleaning tank to move towards one direction; when the agitator is retracted (i.e., the agitator frame is moved backward), the agitator blades close under fluid resistance and the force on the fluid is reduced with little effect on the fluid flow until the next cycle when the agitator blades continue to drive the fluid in one direction. Under stirring vane's reciprocal stirring, form the compulsory vortex around the work piece in the washing tank that has the arc turning, promote the uniformity of temperature and washing liquid composition in the washing tank, improve the flow velocity of fused salt around the work piece, the reaction of pollutants such as the acceleration work piece surface paint, greasy dirt, carbon deposit and peel off, prevent simultaneously that the pollutant from gathering, make pollutant and fused salt washing liquid intensive mixing, the thermally equivalent through macroscopic stirring impact, improve reaction rate, shorten the cleaning time, the composite cleaning test proves that fused salt cleaning time can be shortened by 30% through reciprocal stirring.
Step five: in the stirring process, the stirring speed and the stirring effect are adjusted by controlling the rotating speed of the stirring motor; meanwhile, the controller can monitor the output torque of the stirring motor in real time, and the real-time actual output torque M is output once Electric motor practice ＞M Clamping stagnation of motor Namely, the power supply of the motor is cut off to protect the stirring device;
step six: waste gas in the cleaning process enters a waste gas treatment device through a waste gas discharge port, and is discharged after reaching standards after being subjected to environmental protection treatment;
step seven: and after the workpiece is cleaned, opening the cleaning tank cover, taking the workpiece out, and entering the next cleaning process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a molten salt composite cleaning device and a cleaning method, which have the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the molten salt composite cleaning device and the cleaning method provided by the invention, strength-controllable reciprocating stirring impact and ultrasonic cavitation impact can be applied in the molten salt cleaning process, the cleaning of the pollution layers such as paint, oil stain and carbon deposit on the surface of the workpiece is accelerated by virtue of the physical and chemical action, the ultrasonic cavitation impact action and the macroscopic stirring action of the molten salt, the whole cleaning system realizes automatic cleaning under the control of an automatic controller, the automatic cleaning use requirements of multiple pollution layers of key parts are met, and the industrial popularization potential is large.
(2) The cleaning system disclosed by the invention is a macro-micro stirring composite cleaning system with high reliability and automation degree, meets the requirement of salt cleaning on controllable macro-micro stirring impact action, integrates the physical and chemical decontamination capability of molten salt, the ultrasonic micro cavitation impact action and the reciprocating stirring flow impact action, ensures that the molten salt temperature and components around a workpiece are uniform, the macro-micro impact force is strong, the reaction and the peeling of pollutants such as paint, oil stain and carbon deposition on the surface of the workpiece can be effectively accelerated, and the pollutants are prevented from being accumulated.
(3) The linear reciprocating stirring mechanism of the cleaning system has the advantages of simple structure, small stirring device volume, few parts and small occupied cleaning tank size, and effectively ensures the cleaning space of workpieces; the stirring intensity is controllable, and the automatic cleaning device is suitable for automatic cleaning production and application.
(4) The stirring device and the control system of the cleaning system are provided with the safety torque monitoring and safety protection device, so that the torque output in the stirring process can be reflected in real time, the stirring clamping stagnation condition can be judged in advance, the power supply of the stirring motor can be cut off in time, and the system is safe and high in reliability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a cleaning system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic left side view of the cleaning system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a control system for the cleaning system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a force analysis diagram of the reciprocating stirring device of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a macro-micro stirring impact effect diagram of the reciprocating stirring and ultrasonic wave composite in the invention (wherein, fig. 5 a is an effect diagram of a pushing state of the stirrer, and fig. 5 b is an effect diagram of a retracting state of the stirrer).
The reference numerals in the figures have the meaning: 10-a scaffold; 11-a cleaning tank; 12-molten salt discharge; 13-a workpiece placement platform; 14-electric heating tubes; 15-a tank cover; 16-exhaust gas discharge; 17-a molten salt discharge valve; 20-a stirring motor; 21-a torque sensor; 22-a reducer; 23-1-crank; 23-2-link; 24-a motor mounting plate; 25-stirring the support; 26-a slide block; 27-a linear guide; 28-a stirring blade limiting block; 29-stirring blades; 30-an ultrasonic vibrator; 31-a heat insulation plate.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 and 2 are schematic views showing the structure of the cleaning system of the present invention, and fig. 2 shows a waste treatment device connected to the exhaust port 16 and an ultrasonic generator connected to the ultrasonic vibrator 30.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the cleaning apparatus of the present invention includes a bracket 10, a cleaning tank 11 disposed on the bracket 10, ultrasonic vibrators 30 disposed outside front and rear wall surfaces of the cleaning tank 11, a tank cover 15 disposed on the cleaning tank 11, a workpiece placing table 13 disposed at a bottom portion in the cleaning tank 11, a molten salt discharge port 12 disposed at a bottom portion of the cleaning tank 11, and an electric heating tube 14 and a temperature sensor disposed between the bottom portion of the cleaning tank 11 and the workpiece placing table 13, and further includes stirring devices for applying stirring impact force in molten salt, the stirring devices being centrally symmetrically disposed at left and right sides of the cleaning tank 11, such that the stirring devices 20 at the left and right sides are moved in opposite directions due to the centrally symmetrical disposition, and thus vortex is easily formed.
In a specific implementation manner of this embodiment, the support 10 is placed on the ground, the cleaning tank 11 is installed above the support, the cleaning tank 11 is a main structure for performing the molten salt ultrasonic composite cleaning, and the cleaning tank 11 is a hollow cube structure with four circular-arc corners, so as to reduce the resistance of the liquid circulation flow in the tank and facilitate the formation of a vortex.
In one embodiment of this embodiment, the slot cover 15 is an automatic slot cover, which is connected to the slot cover cylinder to achieve automatic opening and closing, and can be automatically closed during the cleaning process of the workpiece, so as to prevent the liquid droplet sputtering and the waste gas overflow during the cleaning process.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the cleaning apparatus further includes a waste discharge port 16, the waste discharge port 16 is disposed at an upper portion of a rear tank wall of the cleaning tank 11, and the waste discharge port 16 is connected to a waste treatment apparatus for collecting and treating the cleaning process exhaust gas.
In one embodiment of the present embodiment, the ultrasonic vibrators 30 are arranged in an array on the outer portions of the front and rear wall surfaces of the cleaning tank 11.
In a specific implementation manner of the embodiment, a heat insulation plate 31 is installed between the ultrasonic vibrator 30 and the cleaning tank 11, and is used for blocking the temperature of the high-temperature molten salt in the tank from being conducted to the ultrasonic vibrator 30, so as to ensure that the ultrasonic vibrator 30 operates normally.
In a specific embodiment of this embodiment, the ultrasound transducer 30 is connected to an ultrasound generator.
In one specific embodiment of the present embodiment, a molten salt discharge valve 17 is provided on the molten salt discharge port 12, and the molten salt discharge valve 17 is used to open and close the molten salt discharge port.
In a specific implementation manner of the present embodiment, a workpiece placing platform 13 is disposed at the bottom inside the cleaning tank 11 for placing a workpiece to be cleaned; an electric heating tube 14 and a temperature sensor are arranged between the workpiece placing platform 13 and the bottom of the groove, and the arrangement of the electric heating tube 14 and the temperature sensor is used for heating the molten salt and controlling the temperature.
In a specific implementation manner of this embodiment, the stirring device is a reciprocating stirring device, and the reciprocating stirring device includes a stirring motor 20, a torque sensor 21, a speed reducer 22, a slider-crank mechanism, a stirring bracket 25, and a stirring blade 29, which are connected in sequence; the crank sliding block mechanism comprises a crank 23-1, a connecting rod 23-2, a sliding block 26 and a linear guide rail 27; the stirring motor 20 is arranged on the outer side wall of the cleaning tank 11 through a motor mounting plate 24; the shaft of the speed reducer 22 is connected with a crank 23-1, a connecting rod 23-2 is connected with one end of a stirring bracket 25, the other end of the stirring bracket 25 is positioned in the cleaning tank 11 and is provided with a stirring blade 29, the middle part of the stirring bracket 25 is connected with a slide block 26 and is jointly arranged on a linear guide rail 27, and the rotary motion of the stirring motor 3 is converted into the reciprocating motion of the stirring bracket 25 through a crank-slide block mechanism.
In a specific embodiment of the present embodiment, at least 2 branches are disposed at one end of the stirring bracket 25 extending into the cleaning tank 11, each branch is provided with at least 1 stirring blade 29 capable of swinging, and a stirring blade limiting block 28 is disposed at one side of the stirring blade 29; when the stirring bracket 25 moves forwards, the stirring blade limiting block 28 supports against the stirring blade 29 to push the molten salt cleaning solution at the front part of the stirring blade 29 to flow and promote the formation of vortex in the cleaning tank 11; when the stirring holder 25 moves backward, the stirring blade stopper 28 does not function, and the stirring blade 29 is closed, reducing the influence on the vortex formed in the cleaning tank 11. After the arrangement, the stirring blades 29 and the stirring blade limiting blocks 28 on the left and right sides of the cleaning tank 11 are also installed in a centrosymmetric manner, so that the stirring blades 29 and the stirring blade limiting blocks 28 can drive the liquid in the cleaning tank 11 to form a stable vortex in the reciprocating motion of the stirring support 25.
In a specific embodiment of this embodiment, in order to prevent the stirring support 25 from shaking left and right during the stirring process and increase the rigidity of the stirring device, 2 sets of parallel and synchronous slide block guide rail mechanisms are respectively installed at opposite positions of the inner side and the outer side of the cleaning tank 11, and the slide blocks 26 in the 2 sets of slide block guide rail mechanisms are all connected with the middle part of the stirring support 25.
In one embodiment of this embodiment, the stirring motor 20 may be a stepping motor, a servo motor or other stirring motor capable of controlling the angular displacement difference.
In one embodiment of this embodiment, the linear guide 27 may be replaced by a beam.
As shown in fig. 3, in a specific embodiment of the present embodiment, the cleaning device further includes a controller for controlling the implementation of the cleaning function in the cleaning tank 11, where the controller includes a tank cover module, a heating module, an ultrasonic module, a stirring module, and an exhaust gas treatment module; the slot cover module is used for controlling an automatic air cylinder connected with the slot cover 15 to realize the opening and closing of the slot cover 15; the heating module is used for receiving a temperature signal of the temperature sensor and controlling the heating power of the electric heating tube 14, so that the melting and temperature stabilization of the molten salt in the cleaning tank 11 are realized; the ultrasonic module is used for controlling an ultrasonic generator connected with the ultrasonic vibrator 30, the ultrasonic generator applies ultrasonic frequency vibration to the inside of the cleaning tank 11 through the ultrasonic vibrator 30, and the ultrasonic control module is used for controlling the intensity of ultrasonic cavitation impact in the molten salt; the waste gas treatment module is used for controlling a waste gas treatment device connected with the waste discharge port 16, and carrying out environment-friendly treatment on waste gas collected through the waste gas discharge port 16 in the cleaning process and discharging the waste gas; the stirring module is used for controlling stirring impact force applied by the stirring device in the molten salt.
As shown in fig. 3 to 4, in a specific implementation manner of this embodiment, the stirring module includes a phase control module, a rotation speed control module, and a safety control module; the phase control module is used for identifying the angular displacement and the power phase of the stirring motors 20 at the two sides and then controlling the stirring motors at the two sides to operate at a stable angular displacement difference, so that the stirring supports 25 which are distributed in central symmetry move in opposite directions, and fluid eddy is easy to form; the rotating speed control module is used for controlling the pulse frequency sent to the stirring motor 20, controlling the rotating speed of the stirring motor 20, further adjusting the reciprocating speed of the stirring bracket 25 and adjusting the stirring impact strength in the molten salt; the stirring support 25 and the stirring blade 29 are inevitably stuck in the stirring process, such as crank connecting rod sticking, slide block guide rail sticking, sticking caused by the stirring support or the blade touching the unmelted molten salt or the workpiece, and the like. In order to protect the stirring device, avoid causing the stirring device to be blocked to make the stirring system damaged because of reasons such as fused salt crystallization, work piece block, the stirring module of controller increases safety control module, and safety control module is used for real-time supervision left and right sides dynamic torque sensor's moment size, when detecting agitator motor 20's actual output torque M Electric motor practice (i.e. the real-time torque of the stirring motor) is greater than the critical value M of the clamping stagnation of the stirring motor 20 Clamping stagnation of motor In the process, the safety control module judges that the stirring device is blocked, and then the power supply of the left stirring motor 20 and the power supply of the right stirring motor 20 are cut off in time, so that the stirring motors 20 are prevented from being burnt out or the mechanical structure is prevented from being damaged.
During normal stirring operation, the output torque of the stirring motor 20, the resistance coefficient of the molten salt cleaning liquid, and the surface of the stirring bladeThe product, the moving speed of the stirring blade 29, the reduction ratio of the speed reducer, the transmission efficiency of the transmission mechanism, etc., and the output torque M of the stirring motor 20 is set by the control system because the stirring speed and the moving speed of the stirring blade 29 are set by the control system Electric machine And a critical value M for judging the clamping stagnation of the stirring motor 20 Clamping stagnation of motor Is a varying value.
The invention also provides a design method of the reciprocating stirring and ultrasonic composite molten salt cleaning device, and the selective output torque M of the stirring motor 20 Motor selection Critical value M of clamping stagnation of stirring motor 20 Clamping stagnation of motor The calculation method of (2) is as follows:
through actual measurement tests, the resistance coefficient C of the stirring blade 29 in reciprocating motion in the molten salt cleaning solution is obtained d ；
Wherein, C d The resistance coefficient of the cleaning solution; f Testing of The resistance force of the stirring blade 29 in the cleaning solution during the test is directly read by the force sensor; a. the Testing of The area of the orthographic projection of the stirring blade 29 in the motion direction in the test is obtained by directly calculating the size of the test blade; rho Cleaning liquid For the density of the cleaning solution, when a molten salt cleaning formulation is used, the density is about 2000kg/m 3 ；V Testing The moving speed of the stirring blade 29 in the molten salt cleaning solution in the test is 0.25-1 m/s;
calculating when the stirring blade 29 is at the set speed V Stirring the mixture The torque M required by the stirring motor 20 when reciprocating and stirring Electric machine 。
As a result of the equations (10) to (12), the equation (13) is obtained, when the crank block operates and the crank is perpendicular to the moving direction, that is, α is 90 °, the speed of the stirring bracket 25 is the fastest and the stirring blades 29 are all opened, at this time, the fluid resistance borne by the stirring bracket 25 is the largest, and the output torque required by the stirring motor 20 is also the largest;
wherein i is the transmission ratio of the speed reducer; eta is the transmission efficiency of the stirring device; m Speed reducer Outputting torque for the speed reducer; f Stirring the mixture Is the sum of the resistance of the stirring blade in the reciprocating stirring process; a is the orthographic projection area of the stirring blade 29 combination in the motion direction; rho is the density of the cleaning liquid; v Stirring the mixture Is the linear velocity of the reciprocating motion of the stirring support 25; omega is the angular speed of the output shaft of the speed reducer; r is the length of the crank 23-1; l is the length of the connecting rod 23-2; alpha is the included angle between the crank 23-1 and the horizontal line; beta is the included angle between the connecting rod 23-2 and the horizontal line; λ is the ratio of the length of the crank 23-1 to the length of the connecting rod 23-2;
the output torque M of the stirring motor 20 is selected in consideration of the transmission efficiency and friction loss of the reciprocating stirring system Motor selection Then, the maximum torque M is calculated according to the maximum speed set in the stirring process Motor MAX Is multiplied by a coefficient K 1 In a stirring apparatus K 1 Taking the value of 3-4;
M motor selection ＝K 1 ×M Motor MAX (15)
In the calculation of critical value M of the clamping stagnation of the stirring motor 20 Clamping stagnation of motor While stirring according to the settingThe maximum value of the real-time output torque of the stirring motor 20 in the reciprocating stirring process is calculated by the speed and then multiplied by a coefficient K 2 In a stirring apparatus K 2 The value is 1.5-2;
M clamping stagnation of motor ＝K 2 ×M Electric machine (16)。
The macro-micro stirring function of the present invention is achieved by means of the following components: the four corners of the cleaning tank 11 are arc-shaped, so that the circulating flow resistance of liquid in the tank is reduced, and the formation of eddy is facilitated; the lower part of the outer wall of the cleaning tank 11 is provided with a heat insulation plate 31 and an ultrasonic vibrator 30, ultrasonic frequency vibration is transmitted into the cleaning tank 11, micron-level cavitation bubbles are formed in molten salt, and the micro-stirring impact effect is brought; reciprocating stirring devices are installed on the left side and the right side of the cleaning tank 11, each stirring device mainly comprises a stirring motor 20, a slider-crank mechanism, a stirring support 25, a stirring blade 29, a stirring blade limiting block 28 and the like, the stirring support 25, the stirring blade 29 and the stirring blade limiting block 28 are arranged in a central symmetry mode, the moving directions of the stirring support 25, the stirring blade 29 and the stirring blade limiting block 28 are also symmetrical, and fused salt is driven to move towards one direction in the reciprocating motion to form a vortex so as to bring a macroscopic stirring impact effect.
As shown in fig. 5, the invention also provides a using method of the reciprocating stirring and ultrasonic composite molten salt cleaning device, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the cleaning device is started, the molten salt cleaning temperature is set, the controller controls the electric heating tube 14 to work and melt the molten salt in the cleaning tank 11, and the temperature reaches the preset temperature;
step two: opening a cleaning tank cover 15, placing a workpiece to be cleaned on the workpiece placing platform 13 in the cleaning tank 11, and closing the cleaning tank cover 15;
step three: the ultrasonic generator controls the ultrasonic vibrator 30 to vibrate, and the pollution layer is bombarded by the microscopic cavitation impact effect in the molten salt;
step four: the stirring module controls the stirring motors 20 at the two sides to start to operate, and controls the angular displacement of the motors through the phase control module, so that the stirring supports 25 at the two sides of the cleaning tank 11 move in opposite directions at any moment; the method specifically comprises the following steps: when the stirrer is pushed out (namely, when the stirring bracket 25 moves forwards), the stirring blades 29 are opened towards two sides and are propped against by the stirring blade limiting blocks 28 behind the stirring blades, and the stirring blades 29 which are arranged in central symmetry can drive the molten salt in the cleaning tank 11 to move towards one direction; when the agitator is retracted (i.e., the agitator bracket 25 is moved backward), the agitator blades 29 close under fluid resistance and the force on the fluid is reduced and does not affect the fluid flow nearly as far until the next cycle when the agitator blades 29 continue to drive the fluid in one direction. Under the reciprocating stirring of stirring vane 29, form the compulsory vortex around the work piece in the washing tank 11 that has the arc turning, promote the uniformity of temperature and washing liquid composition in the washing tank 11, improve the flow velocity of fused salt around the work piece, accelerate the reaction and the peeling off of pollutants such as work piece surface paint, greasy dirt, carbon deposit, prevent simultaneously that the pollutant from gathering, make pollutant and fused salt washing liquid intensive mixing, the thermally equivalent through the effect of macroscopic stirring impact, improve reaction rate, shorten the cleaning time, the compound cleaning test proves that can shorten fused salt cleaning time 30 through reciprocating stirring.
Step five: in the stirring process, the stirring speed and the stirring effect are adjusted by controlling the rotating speed of the stirring motor 20; meanwhile, the controller can monitor the output torque of the stirring motor 20 in real time, and once the real-time actual output torque M is detected Electric motor practice ＞M Clamping stagnation of motor Namely, the power supply of the motor is cut off to protect the stirring device;
step six: in the cleaning process, waste gas enters a waste gas treatment device through a waste gas discharge port 16 and is discharged after reaching standards after being subjected to environment-friendly treatment;
step seven: after the cleaning of the workpiece is completed, the cleaning tank cover 15 is opened, and the workpiece is taken out and enters the next cleaning process.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. Reciprocal stirring and compound fused salt belt cleaning device of supersound, including the support, set up in washing tank on the support, set up in outside ultrasonic vibrator of two wall faces around the washing tank, set up the capping on the washing tank, set up the work piece of bottom in the washing tank and place the platform, set up in the fused salt discharge port of washing tank bottom and set up electrothermal tube and temperature sensor between the platform is placed to washing tank bottom and work piece, its characterized in that: the stirring device is used for applying stirring impact force in the molten salt and is arranged on the left side and the right side of the cleaning tank in a centrosymmetric manner; a heat insulation plate is arranged between the ultrasonic vibrator and the cleaning tank and used for blocking the temperature of the high-temperature molten salt in the tank from being transmitted to the ultrasonic vibrator; the stirring device is a reciprocating stirring device, and the reciprocating stirring device comprises a stirring motor, a torque sensor, a speed reducer, a slider-crank mechanism, a stirring bracket and stirring blades which are sequentially connected; the crank sliding block mechanism comprises a crank, a connecting rod, a sliding block and a linear guide rail; the stirring motor is arranged on the outer side wall of the cleaning tank through a motor mounting plate; the axle and the crank of reduction gear are connected, and the connecting rod is connected with stirring support one end, and the other end of stirring support is located inside the washing tank and is provided with stirring vane, and the middle part and the slider of stirring support are connected to install on the guide rail jointly, change agitator motor's rotary motion into the reciprocating motion of stirring support through slider-crank mechanism.
2. The reciprocating stirring and ultrasonic composite molten salt cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cleaning tank is a hollow cubic structure with four arc-shaped corners.
3. The reciprocating stirring and ultrasonic composite molten salt cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: one end of the stirring support, which extends into the cleaning tank, is provided with at least 2 branches, each branch is provided with at least 1 stirring blade capable of swinging, and one side of each stirring blade is provided with a stirring blade limiting block; when the stirring support moves forwards, the stirring blade limiting block is abutted against the stirring blade so as to push the molten salt cleaning liquid at the front part of the stirring blade to flow and promote the formation of vortex in the cleaning tank; when the stirring support moves backwards, the stirring blade limiting block does not work, the stirring blade is closed, and the influence on the formed vortex in the cleaning tank is reduced.
4. The reciprocating stirring and ultrasonic composite molten salt cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: 2 sets of parallel and synchronous slide block guide rail mechanisms are arranged at opposite positions of the inner side and the outer side of the cleaning tank, and slide blocks in the 2 sets of slide block guide rail mechanisms are connected with the middle part of the stirring bracket.
5. The reciprocating stirring and ultrasonic composite molten salt cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cleaning device also comprises a controller used for controlling the cleaning function in the cleaning tank to be realized, wherein the controller comprises a tank cover module, a heating module, an ultrasonic module, a stirring module and a waste gas treatment module; the tank cover module is used for controlling an automatic air cylinder connected with the tank cover to open and close the tank cover; the heating module is used for receiving a temperature signal of the temperature sensor and controlling the heating power of the electric heating tube so as to realize the melting and temperature stabilization of the molten salt in the cleaning tank; the ultrasonic module is used for controlling an ultrasonic generator connected with an ultrasonic vibrator, the ultrasonic generator applies ultrasonic frequency vibration to the cleaning tank through the ultrasonic vibrator, and the ultrasonic control module is used for controlling the intensity of ultrasonic cavitation impact in the molten salt; the waste gas treatment module is used for controlling a waste gas treatment device connected with the waste discharge port, and carrying out environment-friendly treatment on waste gas collected through the waste gas discharge port in the cleaning process and discharging the waste gas; the stirring module is used for controlling stirring impact force applied by the stirring device in the molten salt.
6. The reciprocating stirring and ultrasonic composite molten salt cleaning device according to claim 5, characterized in that: the stirring module comprises a phase control module, a rotating speed control module and a safety control module; the phase control module is used for identifying the angular displacement and the power phase of the stirring motors at the two sides and then controlling the stirring motors at the two sides to operate at a stable angular displacement difference, so that the stirring supports which are distributed in central symmetry move in opposite directions, and fluid eddy is easy to form; the rotating speed control module is used for controlling the pulse frequency sent to the stirring motor, controlling the rotating speed of the stirring motor, then adjusting the reciprocating motion speed of the stirring support and adjusting the stirring impact strength in the molten salt; the safety control module is used for monitoring the torque of the dynamic torque sensors on the left side and the right side in real time, and when the actual output torque M of the stirring motor is detected Electric motor practice Greater than critical value M of stirring motor clamping stagnation Clamping stagnation of motor And in time, the safety control module judges that the stirring device is blocked, and then the power supply of the left stirring motor and the power supply of the right stirring motor are cut off in time.
7. The design method of the reciprocating stirring and ultrasonic composite molten salt cleaning device based on claim 6 is characterized in that: critical value M of stirring motor clamping stagnation Clamping stagnation of motor The calculation method of (2) is as follows:
through an actual measurement test, the resistance coefficient C of the stirring blade in reciprocating motion in the molten salt cleaning liquid is obtained d ；
Wherein, C d The resistance coefficient of the cleaning solution; f Testing The resistance force of the stirring blade in the cleaning solution during the test is directly read by the force sensor; a. the Testing The area of the orthographic projection of the stirring blade in the motion direction in the test is obtained by directly calculating the size of the test blade; rho Cleaning liquid For the density of the cleaning solution, when a molten salt cleaning formulation is used, the density is about 2000kg/m 3 ；V Testing The moving speed of the stirring blade in the molten salt cleaning solution in the test is 0.25-1 m/s;
calculating when the stirring blade is at the set speed V Stirring the mixture The torque M required by the stirring motor when reciprocating and stirring Electrical machine
The formula (5) is obtained according to the formulas (2) to (4), when the crank block operates and the crank is perpendicular to the movement direction, namely alpha is 90 degrees, the speed of the stirring support is fastest, all stirring blades are opened, the fluid resistance borne by the stirring support is the largest at the moment, and the output torque of the stirring motor is also the largest;
wherein i is the transmission ratio of the speed reducer; eta is stirringThe transmission efficiency of the stirring device; m is a group of Speed reducer Outputting torque for the speed reducer; f Stirring the mixture Is the sum of the resistance of the stirring blade in the reciprocating stirring process; a is the orthographic projection area of the stirring blade combination in the motion direction; rho is the density of the cleaning liquid; v Stirring the mixture The linear velocity of the reciprocating motion of the stirring bracket; omega is the angular speed of the output shaft of the speed reducer; r is the length of the crank; l is the length of the connecting rod; alpha is the included angle between the crank and the horizontal line; beta is the included angle between the connecting rod and the horizontal line; λ is the ratio of the length of the crank to the length of the connecting rod;
considering the transmission efficiency and friction loss of the reciprocating stirring system, the output torque M of the stirring motor is selected Motor selection Then, the maximum torque M is calculated according to the maximum speed set in the stirring process Motor MAX Is multiplied by a coefficient K 1 In said stirring device K 1 Taking the value of 3-4;
M motor selection ＝K 1 ×M Motor MAX (7)
In the calculation of critical value M of stirring motor clamping stagnation Clamping stagnation of motor In the process, the maximum value of the real-time output torque of the motor in the reciprocating stirring process is calculated according to the set stirring speed and then multiplied by a coefficient K 2 In said stirring device K 2 The value is 1.5-2;
M clamping stagnation of motor ＝K 2 ×M Electric machine (8)。
8. The using method of the reciprocating stirring and ultrasonic composite molten salt cleaning device is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: starting the cleaning device, setting the molten salt cleaning temperature, and controlling the electric heating pipe to work by the controller, melting the molten salt in the cleaning tank and reaching the preset temperature;
step two: opening a cleaning tank cover, placing a workpiece to be cleaned on a workpiece placing platform in the cleaning tank, and closing the cleaning tank cover;
step three: the ultrasonic generator controls the ultrasonic vibrator to vibrate, and the pollution layer is bombarded by the cavitation impact effect in the molten salt;
step four: the stirring module controls stirring motors on two sides to start running and controls the angular displacement of the motors through the phase control module, so that the stirring supports on two sides of the cleaning tank move oppositely at any moment;
step five: in the stirring process, the stirring speed and the stirring effect are adjusted by controlling the rotating speed of the stirring motor;
meanwhile, the controller can monitor the output torque of the stirring motor in real time, and the real-time actual output torque M is output once Electric motor practice ＞M Clamping stagnation of motor Namely, the power supply of the motor is cut off to protect the stirring device;
step six: waste gas in the cleaning process enters a waste gas treatment device through a waste gas collecting port, and is discharged after reaching standards after being subjected to environment-friendly treatment;
step seven: and after the workpiece is cleaned, opening the cleaning tank cover, taking the workpiece out, and entering the next cleaning process.
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