CN113907023A - Method for preventing juvenile fishes of deep and distant sea fishes from cannibalism and colliding - Google Patents
Method for preventing juvenile fishes of deep and distant sea fishes from cannibalism and colliding Download PDFInfo
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- CN113907023A CN113907023A CN202110967454.6A CN202110967454A CN113907023A CN 113907023 A CN113907023 A CN 113907023A CN 202110967454 A CN202110967454 A CN 202110967454A CN 113907023 A CN113907023 A CN 113907023A
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- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 241000269849 Thunnus Species 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 206010000117 Abnormal behaviour Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 241000269796 Seriola quinqueradiata Species 0.000 description 7
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000276618 Perciformes Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000269821 Scombridae Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000276699 Seriola Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000238413 Octopus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000269841 Thunnus albacares Species 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000276694 Carangidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000045653 Scombriformes Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001222097 Xenocypris argentea Species 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing juvenile fishes of deep and far sea fishes from cannibalism and colliding, which comprises the following steps: in a first aspect, an annular water stream is formed in a breeding environment: a water flow pump is arranged in a culture environment to form annular water flow, and the flow rate is adjusted to the favorite flow rate of the juvenile fish; in a second aspect, the illumination intensity and illumination time of the culture environment are adjusted: keeping the upward illumination above the water surface continuously more than 200lx during the cultivation period; in a third aspect, a cushioning material is provided in a farming environment: transparent elastic buffer materials with air bubbles are arranged around the net wall of the net cage. The invention can effectively reduce the conditions of cannibalism and collision damage/death of the deep and distant sea fish juvenile fish and improve the survival rate of the deep and distant sea fish juvenile fish.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aquaculture, in particular to a method for preventing juvenile fishes of deep and distant sea fishes from cannibalism and colliding.
Background
Tuna belonging to the order Perciformes (Perciformes), Scombridae (Scombroidei), Scombridae (Scombridae); seriola seriolae (Seriola duplex) belongs to the order lateolales, suborder Perciformes, carangidae, Seriola, commonly known as octopus, octopus and red sweet, is a marine fish in the middle and upper layers, is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas of India ocean, Pacific ocean and Atlantic ocean, is mainly distributed in east ocean and south ocean, and is a highly migratory fish. With the improvement of fishing equipment and the increase of fishing strength in recent years, the resource amount of tuna and seriola quinqueradiata is sharply reduced, and the market demand is difficult to meet. In order to make up for the shortage of market supply and protect wild population, more and more countries develop the artificial breeding technical research of tuna and seriola quinqueradiata.
Most of the deep sea fish artificial breeding is not really broken through, the fry of artificial breeding mainly depends on catching natural fry, the reasons of cannibalism and collision with netting, pool wall and the like generally exist in the process of breeding the deep sea fish, especially tuna and serila quinqueradiata juvenile fish, and the fry survival rate is low. The young tunas and seriolala quinqueradiata have low visual resolution in dark environment, often act independently, and cannot form group movement, so that the risk of cannibalism is increased; however, when the tuna young fish swim at a high speed in the dark state, the wall, the net, and the like cannot be sufficiently recognized, or the recognition is delayed, and the net and the wall cannot be recognized in time, so that the tuna young fish contact and collide with each other, and a great number of tuna young fishes die. Tunas, seriolalia quinqueradiata are very sensitive to light, and especially for tunas, sudden change of light intensity often causes the tunas to suddenly and rapidly swim, collide with the pool wall or the net and cause injury or even death. The reduction of cannibalism and collision of juvenile fishes is an urgent problem to be solved in the process of culturing the juvenile fishes such as tuna, seriola quinqueradiata and the like in the prior art.
At present, methods for reducing cannibalism of fishes mainly comprise methods of grading culture, increasing feeding frequency, reducing culture density and the like, but the effects of the methods are not ideal.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for preventing young deep-sea fish from cannibalism and colliding, which is based on the biological characteristics of the deep-sea fish and can effectively prevent the young deep-sea fish from cannibalism and colliding and dying due to vision, fright and other reasons in the culture process by using methods such as illumination, annular water flow, parallax and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a method for preventing juvenile fishes of deep open sea fishes from cannibalism and colliding, the method comprising: an annular water stream is formed in the culture environment.
As a further improvement of the scheme, a water flow pump is arranged in the aquaculture water environment to form annular water flow, and the flow rate is adjusted to the favorite flow rate of the juvenile fish; the water flow speed is adjusted by the water inlet valve, the water flow speed is gradually increased from the lowest flow speed, and when most of the juvenile fishes start to swim against water and do not have obvious turning angles, the flow speed is determined as the favorite flow speed of the juvenile fishes.
As a further improvement of the above solution, the method further comprises: and adjusting the illumination intensity and the illumination time of the culture environment.
As a further improvement of the scheme, the light intensity of the environment directly above the water surface is kept to be continuously more than 200lx during the juvenile fish cultivation period.
As a further improvement of the above solution, the method further comprises: the buffer material is arranged in the culture environment.
As a further improvement of the scheme, when the aquaculture water environment is a marine net cage, transparent elastic buffer materials with air bubbles are arranged around the net wall of the net cage.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, annular water flow is formed in a culture environment and the flow speed is adjusted to a favorite flow speed, so that the method is beneficial to the cluster movement of juvenile fish, does not damage the juvenile fish, can effectively prevent juvenile fishes of tuna and serila quinqueradiata from eating the same kind of juvenile fish, and is beneficial to improving the culture survival rate;
2. by improving the illumination intensity and the illumination time, the invention can effectively reduce the collision death and the similar mutual feeding condition of the juvenile fishes of the deep and far sea fishes caused by frightening due to the visual stimulation in the light and shade alternating environment, and is beneficial to improving the survival rate of the culture;
3. according to the invention, the transparent elastic buffer materials with air bubbles are arranged around the net wall of the net cage, so that collision damage of deep and distant sea fishes, particularly juvenile tunas can be effectively reduced, meanwhile, the visual sense of the juvenile tunas can be enhanced by the air bubbles, and the juvenile tunas are prevented from approaching the net wall, so that collision damage of the juvenile tunas is reduced;
drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the construction of an offshore box of the invention provided with a transparent elastic cushioning material.
The drawings illustrate the following:
1-a net wall; 2-net bottom; 3-air bubbles; 4-transparent elastic buffer material.
Detailed Description
To better illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples.
The invention provides a method for preventing juvenile fishes of deep and far sea fishes from cannibalism and colliding, which comprises the following steps:
in a first aspect: an annular water stream is formed in the culture environment.
Specifically, a water flow pump is arranged in the aquaculture water environment to form annular water flow, and the flow rate is adjusted to the favorite flow rate of the juvenile fish.
The water flow speed is adjusted by the water inlet valve, the water flow speed is gradually increased from the lowest flow speed, and when most of the juvenile fishes start to swim against water and no obvious corner appears, the flow speed is determined as the favorite flow speed of the juvenile fishes.
Because the deep and far sea juvenile fish mostly have the tendency, can adjust the direction and the trip speed of self swimming according to rivers direction and velocity of flow, consequently through set up the rivers pump in aquaculture environment, form annular rivers, be favorable to the cluster motion of fish, can not cause the injury to the juvenile fish simultaneously, still can effectively reduce the tuna, the juvenile fish of seria quinqueradiata eats the emergence of the condition of eating mutually of the same kind, be favorable to improving the survival rate of breed.
In a second aspect: and adjusting the illumination intensity and the illumination time of the culture environment.
Specifically, the illumination intensity of the culture environment is adjusted to enable the upward illumination intensity above the water surface to be continuously larger than 200 lx. Deep open sea fish, especially tuna larvae, show randomness in their behavior in low or poor light conditions, thereby increasing cannibalism and probability of wall collision. By keeping the illumination intensity continuously higher than 200lx, the occurrence of wall collision death and cannibalism conditions caused by scaring of tuna due to visual stimulation in an alternate light and shade environment can be effectively reduced, and the culture survival rate is improved.
In a third aspect: and arranging a buffer material in the culture environment.
Specifically, when the culture environment is a marine net cage, as shown in fig. 1, a transparent elastic buffer material 4 with bubbles 3 is arranged in the net wall 1 of the culture net cage. Transparent elastic buffer material 4 can alleviate juvenile fish collision damage, and its visual sense can be strengthened to inside bubble 3 simultaneously, through the vision control means, prevents that the juvenile fish is close to net wall 1, prevents to bump the wall, alleviates juvenile fish collision damage, improves and breeds the survival rate.
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Effect example 1:
the influence of illumination and water flow on the survival rate of juvenile Seriola quinqueradiata is researched, and the experimental method and the result are as follows:
experiments are carried out in net cages (specification 2.0 multiplied by 2.0m) arranged at sea, young Seriola quinqueradiata is purchased from sea fishing fry in Xincun of Lingshui, the total length of the experimental fish is 4.0 +/-0.5 cm, the weight is 0.8 +/-0.2 g, 200 young Seriola quinqueradiata are placed in each net cage, and A: day and night alternate group (natural light in day, no light at night), B: illumination group (daytime natural light, set up white light source around the box with a net night, make the illumination intensity of going up directly over the surface of water be greater than 200lx), C: day and night alternation + annular water flow, D: and (3) lighting and annular water flow, feeding minced fillet 3-5 times in the daytime and not feeding at night in the experimental period, wherein the experiment is carried out for 30 days, and the water temperature is 21.8 +/-1.2 ℃ in the experimental period. The annular water flow group forms annular water flow by arranging a water flow pump, the water flow speed is adjusted by a water inlet valve and gradually increases from the lowest flow speed, when most of the juvenile tuna starts to move against water and no obvious corner appears, the flow speed is determined as the favorite flow speed of the juvenile tuna at the moment and is 20cm/s, and the favorite flow speed is kept until the experiment is finished. The results show that the A composition has the lowest activity rate of 76%; the component B activity rate is 86 percent, and the component C activity rate is 80 percent; the composition has the highest activity rate of 92 percent.
TABLE 1 Effect of light and Water flow on the survival Rate of juvenile Seriola quinqueradiata
Effect example 2:
the influence of light, sound and water flow on the abnormal behavior of the juvenile tuna finfish is explored, and the experimental method and the result are as follows:
(1) effect of illumination on abnormal behavior of young tuna yellowfin:
the experimental method comprises the following steps: the experiment is carried out in an offshore net cage with the specification of 4 x 2m, black nylon bags are placed in the net cage, 50 fish (the total length is 9.2cm) in each net cage, no feed is carried out during the experiment (the same below), the experiment is continued by a dark group (about 0.3lx) and a group above 200lx (a white light source is arranged around a water tank, and the light source is adjusted to ensure that the illumination intensity above the water surface is continuously more than 200lx), and the experiment is carried out for 24 hours in total; in the experiment, the light intensity is changed suddenly (dark → over 200lx), the abnormal behavior of the tuna is observed by a digital video camera (Canon HFG26, supporting the infrared night shooting function), and the abnormal behavior occurrence rate is recorded. As a result, it was found that: the tuna juvenile fish has abnormal behaviors of no herding, abnormal swimming, wall collision, cannibalism and the like under a continuous dark state, and the incidence rate is up to more than 90 percent; when the illumination intensity is more than 200lx, most of the juvenile fishes swim in clusters, cannibalism phenomenon is less, and the incidence rate of abnormal behaviors is lower than 10%; when the illumination intensity is suddenly changed, the incidence rate of abnormal behaviors such as fish scaring, swimming abnormality, wall collision and the like reaches 100 percent.
(2) Influence of water flow on juvenile tuna of yellow-fin tuna
The experimental method comprises the following steps: the experiment was carried out for 24 hours with a circular water flow group (flow rate maintained at the favourite flow rate of juvenile fish) and a no circular water flow group (control). The annular water flow group forms annular water flow through setting up the rivers pump, and the velocity of water is adjusted through inlet valve, begins from the minimum velocity of flow, and is crescent gradually, when the tuna juvenile fish most begins to move about against the water and does not appear obvious corner, the velocity of flow is decided to the tuna juvenile fish and likes the velocity of flow this moment, keeps this and likes the velocity of flow to the experiment end. The results show that: compared with the annular water flow, the juvenile fish without the annular water flow group has the advantages that the clustering phenomenon in the groove is not obvious, the swimming randomness is large, and the cannibalism phenomenon is serious; the juvenile tuna in the annular water flow group shows obvious fluidness, moves in a cluster manner, has less cannibalism phenomenon, and the flow rate of the juvenile tuna (the total length is 9.2cm) of the specification is favored to be about 30 cm/s.
TABLE 2 influence of light and water flow on abnormal behavior of tuna larvae
(3) Influence of transparent elastic buffer material with air bubbles arranged on net cage netting on survival rate of young tunas of yellow fin tunas
The experimental method comprises the following steps: the experiment was carried out in cages of 4 × 4 × 2m in specification, 50 fish tails per cage (full length 9.2cm), a: common net cage group, B: a transparent elastic buffer material group with air bubbles is arranged, and the buffer material is fixed around the net wall; feeding minced fillet 3-5 times every day during the experiment period, carrying out the experiment for 20 days, and observing the survival rate of the juvenile tuna. The results show that: the component A has a survival rate of 62 percent, the component B has a survival rate of 83 percent, and the death of juvenile fishes is mainly caused by collision and cannibalism.
From the results, the method can effectively prevent juvenile fishes of deep and distant sea fishes from eating like fishes and being damaged/dead by collision, thereby improving the survival rate of the culture.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for preventing juvenile fishes of deep and open sea fishes from cannibalism and colliding, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: an annular water stream is formed in the culture environment.
2. The method for preventing juvenile fishes of deep and open sea fishes from cannibalism and colliding as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flow rate is adjusted to the favorite flow rate of the juvenile fishes by setting a water flow pump in the culture environment to form a circular water flow; the water flow speed is adjusted by the water inlet valve, the water flow speed is gradually increased from the lowest flow speed, and when most of juvenile fishes start to swim against water and no obvious corner appears, the flow speed is determined as the favorite flow speed of the juvenile fishes.
3. The method for preventing cannibalism and collision of juvenile fish of deep open sea fish according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: the illumination intensity and the illumination time of the aquaculture water environment are improved.
4. The method for preventing cannibalism and collision of juvenile fish of deep open sea fish as claimed in claim 3, wherein the intensity of light in the upward direction directly above the water surface of the culture environment is kept continuously higher than 200 lx.
5. The method for preventing cannibalism and collision of juvenile fish of deep open sea fish according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: and arranging a buffer material in the culture environment.
6. The method for preventing cannibalism and collision of juvenile fish of deep and open sea fish as claimed in claim 5, wherein when said culture environment is a sea cage, transparent elastic buffer material with air bubbles is installed around the walls of the cage.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110967454.6A CN113907023A (en) | 2021-08-23 | 2021-08-23 | Method for preventing juvenile fishes of deep and distant sea fishes from cannibalism and colliding |
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| CN202110967454.6A CN113907023A (en) | 2021-08-23 | 2021-08-23 | Method for preventing juvenile fishes of deep and distant sea fishes from cannibalism and colliding |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114521529A (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2022-05-24 | 三亚热带水产研究院 | Land-based circulating water culture system and culture method for tunas of yellow fins |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20080098960A1 (en) * | 2005-01-21 | 2008-05-01 | Yasunori Ishibashi | Method for Preventing Abnormal Behavior of Tuna |
| CN102696516A (en) * | 2012-06-08 | 2012-10-03 | 上海海洋大学 | Low-salinity pomfret aquiculture method |
| CN104255611A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2015-01-07 | 福建省淡水水产研究所 | Novel semi-floating type egg incubation device |
| CN210929182U (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2020-07-07 | 安徽小老海实业有限公司 | Alosa sapidissima culture pond |
| CN112779893A (en) * | 2021-02-01 | 2021-05-11 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Fishway design method based on fish cluster behavior habits |
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- 2021-08-23 CN CN202110967454.6A patent/CN113907023A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20080098960A1 (en) * | 2005-01-21 | 2008-05-01 | Yasunori Ishibashi | Method for Preventing Abnormal Behavior of Tuna |
| CN102696516A (en) * | 2012-06-08 | 2012-10-03 | 上海海洋大学 | Low-salinity pomfret aquiculture method |
| CN104255611A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2015-01-07 | 福建省淡水水产研究所 | Novel semi-floating type egg incubation device |
| CN210929182U (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2020-07-07 | 安徽小老海实业有限公司 | Alosa sapidissima culture pond |
| CN112779893A (en) * | 2021-02-01 | 2021-05-11 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Fishway design method based on fish cluster behavior habits |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114521529A (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2022-05-24 | 三亚热带水产研究院 | Land-based circulating water culture system and culture method for tunas of yellow fins |
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Application publication date: 20220111 |