CN113903529B - 一种高精度无氧光亮铜排的制备工艺 - Google Patents
一种高精度无氧光亮铜排的制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical group [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- SWGJCIMEBVHMTA-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;6-oxido-4-sulfo-5-[(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl]naphthalene-2-sulfonate Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].C1=CC=C2C(N=NC3=C4C(=CC(=CC4=CC=C3O)S([O-])(=O)=O)S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C2=C1 SWGJCIMEBVHMTA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
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- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
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Abstract
本申请涉及铜排制备的技术领域,具体公开了一种高精度无氧光亮铜排的制备工艺。所述工艺包括以下步骤:S1、将铜、铬和镍球磨后过300目筛网,得金属粉后,置于双氧水中浸泡并烘干,与碳粉混合得混合粉;将混合粉高温熔化得到混合熔液;S2、从混合熔液底部通入氮气,结束后,将混合熔液转移至保温炉内,保温得到合金坯料后,置于铸型中挤压冷却至定型,得到合金粗坯;S3、将合金粗坯置于牵引拉铸机中,牵引出铜杆;将铜杆转移至铜排模型中挤压铜杆,取出得铜排粗坯,将铜排粗坯置于铜排冲模处,喷洒冲模油并进行冲模,得到铜排。本申请的工艺可以用于制备一种高精度无氧且表面光亮的铜排。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及铜排制备的技术领域,更具体地说,它涉及一种高精度无氧光亮铜排的制备工艺。
背景技术
铜是人类最早使用的金属之一,早在史前时代,人们就开始采掘露天铜矿,并用获取的铜制造武器、工具和其他器皿,铜的使用对早期人类文明的进步影响深远,铜是一种存在于地壳和海洋中的经书,铜在地壳中的含量约为0.01%,在个别铜矿床中,铜的含量可以达到3-5%,自然界的铜,多数以化合物的形式存在。纯铜较为柔软,表面刚切开时呈红橙色带金属光泽,单质呈紫红色,延展性好,导热性和导电性高,因此在电缆和电气、电子元件是最常用的材料,也可以用作建筑材料,可以组成众多种合成材料,铜合金材料的机械性能优异,电阻率低,且铜的价格较为便宜,能够广泛应用。
铜排是使用金属铜作为主材的一种导电合金,主要应用于电柜中总制开关与各分路电路中开关的连接,其强度相比导线要更高,导电率也更优越,主要起到电流传导的作用。然而目前国内生产加工铜排仍然多采用传统工艺:熔铸—浇筑—压延—开坯—酸洗—精轧—铣边—机加工。然而这种传统工艺存在几个方面的缺点:生产效率低,工序多,流程长;成本高,能耗大,且生产出的铜排的精度较低。
发明内容
为了提高铜排制备时的精度,本申请提供一种高精度无氧光亮铜排的制备工艺。
本申请提供的一种高精度无氧光亮铜排的制备工艺,采用如下的技术方案:
一种高精度无氧光亮铜排的制备工艺,所述工艺包括以下步骤:
S1、将铜、铬和镍研磨至过300目筛网后,将筛出物置于浓度为25-28%的双氧水溶液中,浸泡30-40min后,过滤烘干后,与过400目筛网的碳粉搅拌混合,得到混合粉;将混合粉置于氧气体积分数0.5-1.2%、余量为惰性气体的环境中,在2000-2100℃的温度下保温煅烧1-2h至混合粉完全熔化;
S2、将S1中的熔液保持温度转移至容器中,且控制熔液深度为45-48cm,从容器底部向熔液内通入气压为0.2-0.3MPa的氮气,且通气孔截面积与容器截面积的比例为(0.12-0.15):1,通入氮气的总体积与熔液的体积比为10:1,控制通气时间为1-1.2h;通气结束后,冷却至500-600℃保温3h后,得到合金坯料;以10MPa的机械压力对合金坯料翻折压延30-40次后,置于铸型中挤压并冷却定型,得到合金粗料;
S3、将合金坯料升温至700-900℃后,以50-80mm/s的速率牵引处Φ8-15mm的铜杆,按所需铜牌规格切割铜杆后,将铜杆转移至铜排模型中,升温至900-950℃并保温20-30min后,以10MPa的机械压力挤压铜杆,并保持压力压紧20min,且同时以50-60℃/min的速率降温至200-300℃,取出得铜排粗坯,将铜排粗坯置于铜排冲模处,喷洒冲模油并进行冲模,得到铜排。
通过采用上述技术方案,在S1中,将铜、铬和镍进行球磨,可以将铜、铬和镍研磨至粉末状,便于三种金属元素相互混合均匀,将研磨后的粉末过筛网,将金属粉置于双氧水中浸泡,除去金属粉中的杂质,并对金属粉起到活化作用,将金属粉烘干后与碳粉相混合,将混合粉铺在真空熔炼机中,且氧气含量较低,使得碳粉在低氧环境中不充分燃烧,能够对金属粉进行烧结,再将混合粉进行高温熔化,熔化后的碳分布在金属相中;在S2中,往混合熔液的底部通入氮气,氮气在混合熔液中形成气泡,且由于氮气的压力比真空熔炼机内的气压要大,氮气在混合熔液中升腾,能够带走混杂在混合熔液中的微小气泡,除去混杂在混合熔液中的氧气;当氮气通气结束后,将混合熔液转移至保温炉中,降温并保温,便于混合熔液中的金属分子发生相互交联,提高自身的柔韧性和强度,再将合金坯料转移至锻造炉中,对合金坯料进行翻折压延,能够进一步提高合金的柔韧性;在S3中,将合金粗坯在牵引拉铸机种,牵引出铜杆,将铜杆升温至自身软化后,放置在铜排模型种压制,得到的铜排粗模,在进行冲压,将边角出冲压去除,即可得到铜排。
优选的,所述铜排中包括以下重量百分比的成分:
铬0.13-0.17%;
镍0.11-0.15%;
碳0.10-0.20%;
铜余量。
优选的,所述铜排中氧含量≦10PPM。
优选的,所述S1中,球磨机进行球磨时,球磨机内为氩气气氛,温度为300-400℃。
优选的,所述S1中,真空熔炼机中惰性气体为氩气。
优选的,所述S2中,氮气纯度≧99.99%。
综上所述,本申请具有以下有益效果:本申请中先将铜、铬和镍进行球磨过筛后,将金属粉置于双氧水中浸泡,能够除去金属粉中的杂质,并对金属粉起到活化作用;本申请中在混合熔液底部通入氮气,从底部喷涌的氮气能够将混杂在混合熔液中的氧气带走,从而降低混合熔液中的氧含量;本申请中将金属粉和碳粉混合后,置于低氧环境中,碳粉能够先于铜与氧气相结合,从而对铜等金属元素起到保护作用,且碳添加在合金材料中能够提高合金材料的韧性,防止在加工过程中发生不可逆形变。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本申请作进一步详细说明。
实施例
实施例1
本实施例1中一种高精度无氧光亮铜排的制备工艺,包括以下步骤:
S1、将铜、铬和镍加入球磨机,在300-400℃的氩气气氛中球磨1h后,取出过300目筛网,得筛出物为金属粉;将金属粉置于浓度为25-28%的双氧水溶液中浸泡30-40min后,滤出金属粉烘干;将金属粉与过400目筛网的碳粉搅拌混合后,得到混合粉;将混合粉铺设在真空熔炼机中,调节真空熔炼机中氧气体积分数0.5-1.2%,余量为氩气,将真空熔炼机升温至2000-2100℃后保温1-2h至混合粉完全熔化得到混合熔液;其中,各成分的重量百分比为:铬0.13-0.17%;镍0.11-0.15%;碳0.10-0.20%;铜余量;
S2、将S1中的混合熔液保持温度,并转移至深度为60cm的容器中,控制熔液深度为45-48mm,从容器底部向熔液内通入气压为0.2-0.3MPa的氮气,且通气孔截面积与容器截面积的比例为(0.12-0.15):1,通入氮气的总体积与熔液的体积比为10:1,控制通气时间为1-1.2h,并保持真空熔炼机内气压为0.6-0.8个标准大气压;氮气通气结束后,将混合熔液转移至保温炉内,冷却至500-600℃后保温3h得到合金坯料;将合金坯料转移至锻造炉中,以10MPa的机械压力对合金坯料进行挤压,并重复翻折压延30-40次后,置于铸型中挤压,并冷却至定型,得到合金粗坯;
S3、将合金粗坯置于牵引拉铸机中,升温至700-900℃后,以50-80mm/min的速率牵引出Φ8-15mm的铜杆:按所需铜排规格切割铜杆,将铜杆转移至铜排模型中,升温至900-950℃并保温20-30min后,以10MPa的机械压力挤压铜杆,并保持压力压紧20min,且同时以50-60℃/min的速率降温至200-300℃,取出得铜排粗坯,将铜排粗坯置于铜排冲模处,喷洒冲模油并进行冲模,得到铜排。
检测得铜排的精度误差≦±0.12mm,氧含量≦10PPM,铜排导电率≧89%IACS。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本申请的解释,其并不是对本申请的限制,本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改,但只要在本申请的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。
Claims (6)
1.一种高精度无氧光亮铜排的制备工艺,其特征在于,所述工艺包括以下步骤:
S1、将铜、铬和镍用球磨机进行球磨,研磨至过300目筛网后,将筛出物置于浓度为25-28%的双氧水溶液中,浸泡30-40min后,过滤烘干后,与过400目筛网的碳粉搅拌混合,得到混合粉;将混合粉置于氧气体积分数0.5-1.2%、余量为惰性气体的真空熔炼机中,在2000-2100℃的温度下保温煅烧1-2h至混合粉完全熔化;
S2、将S1中的熔液保持温度转移至容器中,且控制熔液深度为45-48cm,从容器底部向熔液内通入气压为0.2-0.3MPa的氮气,且通气孔截面积与容器截面积的比例为(0.12-0.15):1,通入氮气的总体积与熔液的体积比为10:1,控制通气时间为1-1.2h;通气结束后,冷却至500-600℃保温3h后,得到合金坯料;以10MPa的机械压力对合金坯料翻折压延30-40次后,置于铸型中挤压并冷却定型,得到合金粗料;
S3、将合金坯料升温至700-900℃后,以50-80mm/s的速率牵引出Φ8-15mm的铜杆,按所需铜排规格切割铜杆后,将铜杆转移至铜排模型中,升温至900-950℃并保温20-30min后,以10MPa的机械压力挤压铜杆,并保持压力压紧20min,且同时以50-60℃/min的速率降温至200-300℃,取出得铜排粗坯,将铜排粗坯置于铜排冲模处,喷洒冲模油并进行冲模,得到铜排。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高精度无氧光亮铜排的制备工艺,其特征在于,所述铜排中包括以下重量百分比的成分:
铬 0.13-0.17%;
镍 0.11-0.15%;
碳 0.10-0.20%;
铜 余量。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种高精度无氧光亮铜排的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述铜排中氧含量≦10PPM。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高精度无氧光亮铜排的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述S1中,球磨机进行球磨时,球磨机内为氩气气氛,温度为300-400℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高精度无氧光亮铜排的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述S1中,真空熔炼机中惰性气体为氩气。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种高精度无氧光亮铜排的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述S2中,氮气纯度≧99.99%。
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