CN113900059A - Direction-finding antenna, direction-finding system and direction-finding method - Google Patents

Direction-finding antenna, direction-finding system and direction-finding method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113900059A
CN113900059A CN202111157581.6A CN202111157581A CN113900059A CN 113900059 A CN113900059 A CN 113900059A CN 202111157581 A CN202111157581 A CN 202111157581A CN 113900059 A CN113900059 A CN 113900059A
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antenna
finding
antenna array
array
induced voltage
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赵小强
李宁
杨小勇
赵远洋
高强
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Xi'an Blue Sea Sky Electronic Information Technology Co ltd
Xian University of Posts and Telecommunications
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Xi'an Blue Sea Sky Electronic Information Technology Co ltd
Xian University of Posts and Telecommunications
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
    • G01S3/14—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a direction-finding antenna, a direction-finding system and a direction-finding method. The direction-finding antenna comprises a plurality of antenna arrays; the antenna arrays are uniformly distributed on the circular ring; each antenna array is divided into a first vertical polarization antenna array, a second vertical polarization antenna array and a dual-polarization omnidirectional antenna array element from inside to outside in sequence. The invention can improve the accuracy of direction finding.

Description

Direction-finding antenna, direction-finding system and direction-finding method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of direction finding, in particular to a direction finding antenna, a direction finding system and a direction finding method.
Background
The existing direction-finding system is mainly composed of a nine-element circular array antenna, two radio frequency receivers and a data processing module platform, starts the direction-finding system, turns on an antenna switch, receives a radio signal in the air, can simultaneously receive two radio frequency channels by switching an array element switch in the antenna continuously, processes and analyzes the signal, calculates a phase difference and then stores the phase difference, compares the formed phase difference with data of a sample library, performs related operation, and can confirm an azimuth angle and a pitch angle of the radio signal, thereby determining an incoming wave direction of the signal and a specific position of the signal.
However, the prior art has the following disadvantages:
1) the selection of the direction-finding antenna is crucial to the accuracy of direction finding, the direction-finding antenna mainly comprises an antenna array element and a switch matrix, the frequency of the antenna array element of the current direction-finding system device only comprises two ranges, the frequency range section is set to be larger, so that the analysis of data in a more sensitive frequency section is less, the sensitivity is not accurate, and a larger error is brought to the direction finding.
2) At present, the establishment of a direction finding sample library is not very standard, and the balance of channel phase difference is difficult to keep, so that a large error is caused.
In view of the above, a system or method for improving direction-finding accuracy is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a direction-finding antenna, a direction-finding system and a direction-finding method, which can improve the direction-finding precision.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a direction-finding antenna, comprising: a plurality of antenna arrays; the antenna arrays are uniformly distributed on the circular ring;
each antenna array is divided into a first vertical polarization antenna array, a second vertical polarization antenna array and a dual-polarization omnidirectional antenna array element from inside to outside in sequence.
Optionally, the first vertically polarized antenna array comprises: and (3) vertically polarizing the biconical antenna element.
Optionally, the second vertically polarized antenna array is a vertically polarized ring oscillator.
Optionally, the dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna array element includes: a horizontally polarized oscillator and a vertically polarized oscillator.
Optionally, the antenna array is 9.
A direction-finding system comprising: the system comprises a direction-finding antenna, a direction-finding switch matrix module, a radio frequency receiver and a data processing module;
a first vertical polarization antenna array, a second vertical polarization antenna array and a dual-polarization omnidirectional antenna array element in the direction-finding antenna are respectively connected with the radio frequency receiver through a direction-finding switch matrix module;
the radio frequency receiver is connected with the data processing module.
Optionally, the direction-finding switch matrix module includes a plurality of multi-selection antenna switches.
A direction-finding method is applied to the direction-finding antenna, and comprises the following steps:
determining the phase difference of the induced voltage on each antenna array relative to the induced voltage on the antenna array positioned at the central point of the direction-finding antenna according to the transmitted azimuth angle and elevation angle combination of each radio wave;
constructing a sample library by combining the phase differences determined by the transmitted azimuth angles and elevation angles of all radio waves;
acquiring the phase difference of the induced voltage of each antenna array to the signal to be detected relative to the induced voltage of the antenna array to the signal to be detected positioned at the central point of the direction-finding antenna;
and determining the azimuth angle and the elevation angle of the signal to be measured by the phase difference of the induced voltage of each antenna array to the signal to be measured relative to the induced voltage of the antenna array at the central point of the direction-finding antenna and the sample library.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention provides a direction-finding antenna, a direction-finding system and a direction-finding method. The direction-finding antenna provided by the invention is divided into three layers, namely a horizontal antenna and a vertical antenna, wherein the horizontal antenna is only low-frequency antenna, the vertical antenna is divided into three types, and the low-frequency antenna is low-frequency antenna and the high-frequency antenna are high-frequency antenna. The outermost periphery of the figure is a horizontal antenna of 40MHZ-1300MHZ and a vertical antenna of 30MHZ-1000MHZ, the inner layer is a vertical antenna of 1GHz-3GMHZ, and the middle is a vertical antenna of 3GHz-6 GHz. The frequency band of the antenna is divided into four sections, so that the direction-finding precision can be improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a direction-finding system provided in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of a direction-finding method provided in the prior art;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a direction-finding antenna structure according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a principle of a direction-finding system according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a direction-finding antenna, a direction-finding system and a direction-finding method, which can improve the direction-finding precision.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a direction-finding antenna provided by the present invention, and as shown in fig. 3, the direction-finding antenna provided by the present invention includes: a plurality of antenna arrays 1; a plurality of antenna arrays 1 are uniformly distributed on a circular ring;
each antenna array 1 is divided into a first vertical polarization antenna array, a second vertical polarization antenna array and a dual-polarization omnidirectional antenna array element from inside to outside in sequence.
Namely, the direction-finding antenna provided by the invention is divided into three layers, namely a third layer, a second layer and a first layer from inside to outside; the first layer of horizontal polarized oscillators and the first layer of vertical polarized oscillators are adjacently arranged;
the first vertically polarized antenna array comprises: and (3) vertically polarizing the biconical antenna element.
The second vertical polarization antenna array is a vertical polarization ring oscillator.
The dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna array element comprises: a horizontally polarized oscillator and a vertically polarized oscillator.
The frequency band of the direction-finding antenna is divided into four sections, and the four sections are divided into two types of antennas, namely a horizontal antenna and a vertical antenna, wherein the horizontal antenna only has one type of low frequency, the vertical antenna is divided into three types, and the low frequency one type and the high frequency two types. In FIG. 3, the horizontal antenna of 40MHZ-1300MHZ and the vertical antenna of 30MHZ-1000MHZ are arranged at the outermost periphery, the vertical antenna of 1GHz-3GMHZ is arranged at the inner layer, and the vertical antenna of 3GHz-6GHz is arranged in the middle.
The number of the antenna arrays 1 is 9. The 9 antenna arrays 1 are evenly distributed on the circumference and arranged into a circular array.
As shown in fig. 3, a direction-finding system includes: the direction-finding antenna, the direction-finding switch matrix module, the radio frequency receiver and the data processing module are arranged on the base;
a first vertical polarization antenna array, a second vertical polarization antenna array and a dual-polarization omnidirectional antenna array element in the direction-finding antenna are respectively connected with the radio frequency receiver through a direction-finding switch matrix module;
the radio frequency receiver is connected with the data processing module.
The direction-finding switch matrix module comprises a plurality of multi-selection antenna switches.
The adopted direction-finding antenna can receive radio signals with the frequency range from 30MHz to 6GHz, and a nine-circle dual-channel direction-finding antenna array 1 is configured, wherein the nine-circle dual-channel direction-finding antenna array comprises 9 horizontal antennas with the frequency range of 40-1300 MHz, 9 vertical antennas with the frequency range of 30-1000 MHz, 9 vertical antennas with the frequency range of 1-3 GMHz and 3-6 antennas with the frequency range of 3-6 GMz 9. I.e. each array element is divided into 4 ranges of frequencies. And selecting the frequency band of the antenna by adopting a switch matrix, and selecting the frequency band of each array element by using a single-pole four-throw switch.
And (2) selecting a No. 1 channel as a reference channel by the double-channel direction-finding output, selecting the reference channel (1 array element or 2 array elements) by using a single-pole double-throw switch, selecting a No. 2 channel as the output of the rest array elements, and selecting a channel 2 by using a single-pole eight-throw switch.
Each array element of the antenna has 4 frequencies, the antenna controller controls the antenna matrix switch by sending antenna control codes, and the switches for switching the frequency ranges are shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1
D2 D1 Antenna with a shield Frequency range
1 1 Horizontal antenna 40MHZ-1300MHZ
0 0 Vertical antenna 30MHZ-1000MHZ
0 1 Vertical antenna 1GHZ-3GHZ
1 0 Vertical antenna 3GHZ-6GHZ
The seven-segment code element switches the codes of D2 and D1 to select a horizontal antenna or a vertical antenna, and determines the output of the antenna element selection channel by selecting other codes. The antenna control code is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
Figure RE-GDA0003377182720000051
Figure RE-GDA0003377182720000061
A direction-finding method is applied to the direction-finding antenna, and comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the phase difference of the induced voltage on each antenna array 1 relative to the induced voltage on the antenna array 1 at the center point of the direction finding antenna according to the transmitted azimuth angle and elevation angle combination of each radio wave;
s1, specifically:
assuming that the azimuth angle and the elevation angle of the radio wave are α and θ, the phase differences of the induced voltages at the antenna elements a 0-A8 with respect to the induced voltage at the antenna element located at the center point of the direction-finding antenna are:
Figure RE-GDA0003377182720000062
Figure RE-GDA0003377182720000063
Figure RE-GDA0003377182720000064
Figure RE-GDA0003377182720000071
Figure RE-GDA0003377182720000072
the phase differences of the induced voltages in the antenna elements a1 to A8 with respect to the induced voltage in the antenna element a0 (generally referred to as a "reference antenna element") are:
Figure RE-GDA0003377182720000073
Figure RE-GDA0003377182720000074
Figure RE-GDA0003377182720000075
Figure RE-GDA0003377182720000076
Figure RE-GDA0003377182720000077
with pitch angle theta set to 0
Figure RE-GDA0003377182720000081
Are respectively marked as
Figure RE-GDA0003377182720000082
Order to
Figure RE-GDA0003377182720000083
Figure RE-GDA0003377182720000084
And is referred to as a theoretical sample point. Generally, 1 degree is taken as a frequency interval to divide azimuth angles, each group of phase differences is 360, and research difference vectors of phase correlation interferometer direction-finding antenna systems corresponding to all combinations of azimuth angles and pitch angles are summed to form a sample library (aiming at a certain frequency) as shown in table 3:
TABLE 3
Figure RE-GDA0003377182720000085
S2, constructing a sample library by combining the phase differences determined by the transmitted azimuth angles and elevation angles of all radio waves;
s3, acquiring the phase difference of the induced voltage of each antenna array 1 to the signal to be measured relative to the induced voltage of the antenna array 1 at the center point of the direction-finding antenna;
and S4, determining the azimuth angle and the elevation angle of the signal to be measured according to the phase difference of the induced voltage of the signal to be measured on each antenna array 1 relative to the induced voltage of the signal to be measured on the antenna array 1 positioned at the central point of the direction-finding antenna and the sample library.
As a specific example, antenna element a0 is connected to the input of one channel of a dual channel receiver. The antenna elements a 1-A8 are connected to the input of the other channel of the receiver by a single pole 8 throw rf switch (typically made of a PIN diode). Thus, when the rf switch connects one of the antenna elements a 1-A8 to the input of the receiver, a phase difference is obtained at the corresponding output of the receiver for the induced voltage on that antenna element relative to the induced voltage on antenna element a 0.
After the sample library is established, the phase difference vector generated by the actual incident signal on the direction-finding circular array needs to be extracted, and the process is still analyzed by taking the geometric structure of the 9-array element direction-finding circular array as a model. Suppose a signal to be measured is incident into a direction-finding circular array in the direction of (a, theta) (the azimuth angle of the signal is a, and the pitch angle is theta). Assume that the signal is expressed as:
Figure RE-GDA0003377182720000091
then the signal x received by the mth array element in the direction-finding circular arraym(t) can be expressed as:
Figure RE-GDA0003377182720000092
f0is the frequency, τ, of the signal to be measuredmIs the time delay of the signal received by the mth array element relative to the center of the circular array, nm(t) noise signals received by the m-th array element
The signal x received by the m array elementm(t) with the nth received signal xn(t) performing a cross-correlation operation to obtain:
Figure RE-GDA0003377182720000093
assuming that the noise signal follows normal distribution and is uncorrelated with the signal to be measured, there are:
Figure RE-GDA0003377182720000094
Figure RE-GDA0003377182720000095
E(nm(t)nn)＝0 (14)
it can be deduced that:
Figure RE-GDA0003377182720000096
wherein:
Psto the power of the signal to be measured
Figure RE-GDA0003377182720000101
Is the difference in the received phase of array element m and array element n.
Order to
Figure RE-GDA0003377182720000102
And are referred to as sample points.
E' and ei(i-1, 2, …,360) performing correlation operation. I.e. from ei(which has 360 "standard" sample points) the one "standard" sample point that is most similar (or closest) to e' is found, and the azimuth angle corresponding to the standard sample point, i.e. the direction of the measured incoming wave. After the azimuth angle a of the incoming wave is determined, the elevation angle θ of the wave can be obtained according to the following formula:
Figure RE-GDA0003377182720000103
the azimuth angle and the depression angle of the signal can be measured, and finally the incoming wave direction can be measured.
The horizontally polarized circular array and the vertically polarized circular array of the antenna are arranged on the same plane, the antenna elements are arranged according to the symmetrical principle, and the antenna elements are simultaneously acquired, so that the synchronization, the rapidness and the accuracy are ensured. The system also adopts an active/passive antenna array, and well solves the problem of mutual coupling between antenna elements, so that the direction-finding antenna has high direction-finding accuracy and strong multi-path resistance. The frequency range of the antenna is wider than that of antennas appearing on the market, so that the ability of the antenna device for sensing radio signals is enhanced, the direction-finding system adopts a dual-channel monitoring direction-finding receiver, the monitoring and the direction finding can be carried out simultaneously, and the radio monitoring can be converted into the radio monitoring when the direction finding is not needed, so that the system has high precision, good sensitivity, high cost performance and strong anti-interference ability.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. For the system disclosed by the embodiment, the description is relatively simple because the system corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.

Claims (8)

1. A direction-finding antenna, comprising: a plurality of antenna arrays; the antenna arrays are uniformly distributed on the circular ring;
each antenna array is divided into a first vertical polarization antenna array, a second vertical polarization antenna array and a dual-polarization omnidirectional antenna array element from inside to outside in sequence.
2. A direction-finding antenna according to claim 1, characterised in that the first vertically polarised antenna array comprises: and (3) vertically polarizing the biconical antenna element.
3. A direction-finding antenna according to claim 1, characterised in that the second vertically polarised antenna array is a vertically polarised ring element.
4. A direction-finding antenna according to claim 1, wherein the dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna element comprises: a horizontally polarized oscillator and a vertically polarized oscillator.
5. A direction-finding antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the antenna array is 9.
6. A direction-finding system, comprising: the direction-finding antenna, the direction-finding switch matrix module, the radio frequency receiver and the data processing module of any one of claims 1-5;
a first vertical polarization antenna array, a second vertical polarization antenna array and a dual-polarization omnidirectional antenna array element in the direction-finding antenna are respectively connected with the radio frequency receiver through a direction-finding switch matrix module;
the radio frequency receiver is connected with the data processing module.
7. A direction-finding system according to claim 1, wherein the direction-finding switch matrix module comprises a plurality of multiple-selection antenna switches.
8. A direction-finding method applied to the direction-finding antenna of any one of claims 1 to 5, the direction-finding method comprising:
determining the phase difference of the induced voltage on each antenna array relative to the induced voltage on the antenna array positioned at the central point of the direction-finding antenna according to the transmitted azimuth angle and elevation angle combination of each radio wave;
constructing a sample library by combining the phase differences determined by the transmitted azimuth angles and elevation angles of all radio waves;
acquiring the phase difference of the induced voltage of each antenna array to the signal to be detected relative to the induced voltage of the antenna array to the signal to be detected positioned at the central point of the direction-finding antenna;
and determining the azimuth angle and the elevation angle of the signal to be measured by the phase difference of the induced voltage of each antenna array to the signal to be measured relative to the induced voltage of the antenna array at the central point of the direction-finding antenna and the sample library.
CN202111157581.6A 2021-09-30 2021-09-30 Direction-finding antenna, direction-finding system and direction-finding method Pending CN113900059A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114236464A (en) * 2022-02-23 2022-03-25 中国人民解放军火箭军工程大学 Coherent interference resisting method for polarization sensitive array self-adaptive polarization adjustment
CN115529092A (en) * 2022-08-22 2022-12-27 成都德辰博睿科技有限公司 Movable monitoring direction-finding system

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114236464A (en) * 2022-02-23 2022-03-25 中国人民解放军火箭军工程大学 Coherent interference resisting method for polarization sensitive array self-adaptive polarization adjustment
CN114236464B (en) * 2022-02-23 2022-05-24 中国人民解放军火箭军工程大学 Coherent interference resisting method for polarization sensitive array self-adaptive polarization adjustment
CN115529092A (en) * 2022-08-22 2022-12-27 成都德辰博睿科技有限公司 Movable monitoring direction-finding system

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