CN113898286B

CN113898286B - Single-action drilling tool and composite coring drilling tool

Info

Publication number: CN113898286B
Application number: CN202111070319.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张占荣; 董同新; 付明; 孙红林; 郭建湖; 吕小宁; 韩燚; 王亚飞; 李东黎; 胡郁乐; 李睿; 李慈航; 李萍
Original assignee: China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-09-13
Filing date: 2021-09-13
Publication date: 2024-01-05
Anticipated expiration: 2041-09-13
Also published as: CN113898286A

Abstract

The application discloses single action drilling tool includes: a first connector having a first flow passage penetrating both ends, a first end of the first connector being adapted to connect to an impactor; an outer tube connected to the first connector, the second end of the first connector being located within the outer tube; the inner pipe is sleeved in the outer pipe, and a first annular gap is formed between the outer pipe and the inner pipe; a mandrel assembly having a second flow passage in communication with the inner tube lumen, a first end of the mandrel assembly being connected to the second end of the first joint, a second end of the mandrel assembly being connected to the inner tube, the mandrel assembly being configured such that the inner tube does not follow the outer tube in rotational movement; the drill bit is connected with one end of the outer tube far away from the first joint; and the reversing piece is arranged in the first flow passage so that the first flow passage can be selectively communicated with or blocked from the second flow passage. The application also discloses a combined type coring drilling tool, can effectively improve rock core sampling rate and drilling efficiency.

Description

Single-action drilling tool and composite coring drilling tool

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of engineering investigation, in particular to a single-action drilling tool and a composite core drilling tool.

Background

For complex stratum, loose and broken lithology, the core of the drilling tool has weak cementation and poor pilling property, is loose and broken, is easy to be eroded by slurry, blocks the pipeline of the drilling tool, and finally has slow drilling speed, low core taking rate and difficult core maintenance during core discharging.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the foregoing, it is desirable to provide a single-action drilling tool and a composite coring drilling tool to solve the problems of difficult cleaning of the pipe and erosion of the core.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application is implemented as follows:

in one aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a single action drilling tool is disclosed, comprising:

a first connector having a first flow passage penetrating both ends, a first end of the first connector being adapted to connect to an impactor;

an outer tube connected to the first connector, the second end of the first connector being located within the outer tube;

the inner pipe is sleeved in the outer pipe, and a first annular gap is formed between the outer pipe and the inner pipe;

a mandrel assembly having a second flow passage in communication with the inner tube lumen, a first end of the mandrel assembly being connected to the second end of the first joint, a second end of the mandrel assembly being connected to the inner tube, the mandrel assembly being configured such that the inner tube does not follow the outer tube in rotational movement;

The drill bit is connected with one end of the outer tube far away from the first joint; and

and the reversing piece is arranged in the first flow passage so that the first flow passage can be selectively communicated with or blocked from the second flow passage.

Further, the first joint is provided with a first drainage channel and a second drainage channel, the first drainage channel is communicated with the second flow channel and the first flow channel, and the second drainage channel is communicated with the first annular gap and the first flow channel;

the reversing element has a first position for communicating the second flow passage with the first flow passage and a second position for blocking the second flow passage from the first flow passage;

when the stress of the reversing piece is larger than a preset value, the reversing piece can move from the first position to the second position.

Further, the first flow channel comprises a connecting section, a fixing section, a reversing section and a reducing section which are sequentially formed into a step shape, wherein the connecting section is used for being connected with the impactor, the fixing section is used for installing the reversing piece to enable the reversing piece to be in the first position, and the reversing section is used for enabling the reversing piece to be in the second position;

the first drainage channel is communicated with the connecting section and the reversing section, and the second drainage channel is communicated with the reversing section and the first annular gap; when the reversing piece is positioned at the first position, the reversing piece cuts off the communication between the fixed section and the reversing section, the reversing piece is positioned at the second position, and the reversing piece covers the reducing section.

Further, the single-action drilling tool further comprises a fixed seat arranged on the fixed section, and the reversing piece is matched with the fixed seat to be positioned at the first position;

when the stress of the reversing piece is larger than the preset value, the reversing piece can be separated from the fixing seat to move to the second position.

Further, when the reversing piece is positioned at the first position, the reversing piece is in interference fit or magnetic attraction fit with the fixing seat. Further, the single action drilling tool further comprises:

a piston having a third flow passage, the piston being located within the inner tube; and

and the three-layer pipe is connected with the piston at one end, close to the mandrel assembly, of the three-layer pipe, the third flow passage is communicated with the inner cavity of the inner pipe and the inner cavity of the three-layer pipe, and the piston and the three-layer pipe can slide in the inner pipe.

Further, the three-layer pipe is made of polyvinyl chloride.

Further, the three-layer tube has a single slit in the axial direction.

Further, the mandrel assembly includes:

a through-hole mandrel, the second flow channel being formed on the through-hole mandrel;

the through hole mandrel is connected with the second end of the first joint through the bearing assembly so that the through hole mandrel does not follow the upper joint to rotate;

The inner pipe joint is provided with a flow passage for communicating the second flow passage with the inner pipe cavity and a fourth flow passage capable of communicating the inner pipe cavity with the first annular gap, and the inner pipe joint is detachably connected between the inner pipe and the through hole mandrel; and

the one-way valve is positioned in the fourth flow passage, so that fluid can flow from the inner tube cavity to the first annular gap, and the fluid can flow from the first annular gap to the inner tube cavity.

Further, the mandrel assembly further comprises a screw gland, one end of the inner pipe joint is provided with an external screw thread, the other end of the inner pipe joint is provided with a vertical groove penetrating through the end part and a circumferential groove communicated with the vertical groove, and one end of the inner wall of the inner pipe is provided with a bulge;

the inner pipe is sleeved on the outer side of the inner pipe joint, the protrusion is pushed along the vertical groove and is screwed in the transverse groove, and the screw gland is screwed at one end of the inner pipe joint, which is provided with external threads, and compresses the inner pipe.

Further, the end part of the drill bit is provided with a water gap, a water trough communicated with the water gap and a bottom spray hole formed in the water trough, the bottom spray hole is arranged at intervals with the water gap, and the bottom spray hole is communicated with the first annular gap.

Further, the end of the drill bit is stepped, and the size of the drill bit increases from the outside of the drill bit to the center of the drill bit in the axial direction.

Further, the single action drilling tool further comprises:

the blocking spring comprises a plurality of reeds arched towards the inner part of the inner pipe and is used for blocking and protecting the rock core;

the clamping spring is positioned at the lower end of the blocking spring and is used for cutting off the rock core; and

and the clamping spring seat is connected to one end of the inner tube, which is close to the drill bit, and is used for fixing the blocking spring and the clamping spring.

In another aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a composite coring drilling tool is disclosed, comprising:

a single action drilling tool as claimed in any preceding claim; and

and the impactor is connected with the first end of the first joint and provides impact energy for the single-action drilling tool.

Further, the impactor comprises:

a housing;

an anvil adapter having a fifth flow passage communicable with the first flow passage, the anvil adapter being coupled to the first end of the housing, the second end of the anvil adapter being positioned within the first end of the housing, the first end of the anvil adapter being coupled to the first end of the first adapter;

a ram having a first central passage, the ram being located within the housing for providing an impact force to the anvil joint, the ram and the housing forming a second annulus therebetween, the second annulus being in communication with the fifth flow passage, the first central passage being capable of communicating with the fifth flow passage;

The energy storage assembly is provided with a second central channel which is respectively communicated with the first central channel and the second annular gap, is positioned in the shell and is connected with the impact hammer, and is used for storing and releasing impact energy for the impact hammer; and

and the second connector is provided with a sixth flow passage communicated with the second central passage, the second connector is connected with the second end of the shell, and the first end of the second connector is positioned in the shell and connected with the energy storage component.

Further, the energy storage assembly includes:

the connecting sleeve is connected with the impact hammer;

the second central channel is formed on the drainage tube, the second central channel is communicated with the second annular space through the overflow hole, the first end of the drainage tube is connected with the connecting sleeve, and the second end of the drainage tube is connected with the second joint;

the upper guide sleeve is sleeved on the outer side of the drainage tube and connected with the drainage tube or the second joint; and

the elastic piece is positioned in the space surrounded by the upper guide sleeve and the drainage tube, and is connected with the drainage tube and the connecting sleeve and can drive the connecting sleeve to move in the space surrounded by the upper guide sleeve and the drainage tube.

According to the single-action drilling tool disclosed by the embodiment of the application, the direction of drilling fluid is changed by adjusting the reversing piece arranged in the first flow channel, so that the first flow channel and the second flow channel are communicated when the drilling is performed, the inner pipe is cleaned, the first flow channel and the second flow channel are cut off when the drilling is performed, and the core is prevented from being eroded by the drilling fluid. The embodiment of the application discloses a combined type coring drilling tool adopts single-action drilling tool and impacter cooperation mode, and the impacter provides impact energy for single-action drilling tool, reduces the rock core jam.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-action drilling tool for a composite core drilling tool according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a partial enlarged structure at A in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a partial enlarged structure at B in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the inner pipe joint of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a partial enlarged structure at C in FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a partial enlarged structure at D in FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the drill bit of FIG. 1;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of an impactor for a composite coring drilling tool according to an embodiment of the present application.

Description of the reference numerals

A single action drilling tool 10; a first joint 101; a first flow path 101a; a connection section 101a1; a fixed section 101a2; a reversing segment 101a3; a variable diameter section 101a4; a first drainage channel 101b; a second drainage channel 101c; an outer tube 102; an inner tube 103; a protrusion 103a; a first annular gap 103a; a mandrel assembly 104; a through-hole mandrel 1041; a second flow passage 1041a; bearing assembly 1042; an inner tube fitting 1043; vertical grooves 1043a; circumferential groove 1043b; a flow-through channel 1043c; a fourth flow passage 1043d; a screw gland 1044; a one-way valve 1045; a circlip 1046 for hole; a drill bit 105; a nozzle 105a; a water tank 105b; bottom nozzle 105c; a reversing element 106; a first location 106a; a second location 106b; a fixing seat 107; a transition ring 107a; a piston 108; a third flow channel 108a; a three-layer tube 109; a blocking spring 110; a clamp spring 111; a click spring seat 112; a centralizing ring 113; a reamer 114; an impactor 20; a housing 201; a second annular space 201a; an anvil adapter 202; a fifth flow passage 202a; a ram 203; a first central passage 203a; a power storage assembly 204; a connecting sleeve 2041; a drainage tube 2042; a second central passage 2042a; flow-through aperture 2042b; an upper guide sleeve 2043; an elastic member 2044; a second joint 205; a sixth flow passage 205a; a lower guide sleeve 206.

Detailed Description

It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments and technical features in the embodiments may be combined with each other, and the detailed description in the specific embodiments should be interpreted as an explanation of the gist of the present application and should not be construed as undue limitation to the present application.

The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples. The description of "first," "second," etc. in the embodiments of the present application is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly including at least one feature. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless explicitly defined otherwise.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a single-action drilling tool 10 is provided, and the single-action drilling tool 10 includes a first joint 101, an outer tube 102, an inner tube 103, a mandrel assembly 104, a drill bit 105, and a diverter 106. The first connector 101 has a first flow passage 101a extending through both ends, and the first end of the first connector 101 is connected to the impactor 20, for example, the first end of the first connector 101 may be screwed with the impactor 20, i.e. one of the first end of the first connector 101 and the corresponding end of the impactor forms an internal thread, and the other forms an external thread. The outer tube 102 is connected, e.g. welded, glued or screwed, to the first joint 101, the second end of the first joint 101 being located within the outer tube 102. The inner tube 103 is sleeved in the outer tube 102, and a first annular space 103b is formed between the inner tube 103 and the outer tube 102. The mandrel assembly 104 has a second flow passage 1041a connected to the inner lumen of the inner tube 103, a first end of the mandrel assembly 104 being connected to the second end of the first connector 101, and a second end of the mandrel assembly 104 being connected to the inner tube 103. The mandrel assembly is configured such that the inner tube 103 does not follow the rotational movement of the outer tube 102. A drill bit 105 is connected to the end of the outer tube 102 remote from the first joint 101 for rotary drilling.

The single action drilling tool of the embodiments of the present application refers to a drilling tool in which the outer tube 102 rotates and the inner tube 103 does not rotate with the outer tube 102 during drilling. The single-action drilling tool reduces the mechanical breaking of the core caused by friction vibration generated by the rotation of the drill bit 105 by the outer tube 102, so that the coring quality of the inner tube 103 which does not rotate is higher. The first end of the first connector 101 is used for connecting with the impactor 20, the impactor 20 provides impact energy for the single-action drilling tool 10, the situation that the core in the inner pipe 103 is blocked is reduced, and the drilling efficiency and the coring quality are further improved.

The single-action drilling tool 10 provided by the embodiment of the application is matched with the impactor 20, and can be used for engineering investigation industries with coring requirements such as railways, rail transit, highways, municipal administration, water conservancy and hydropower. Specifically, when loose broken strata such as a pebble layer are drilled through coring, the loose broken strata are loose in structure, poor in cementing property and in block or particle shapes with different sizes, a common coring drilling tool is adopted, the drilling speed is slow, the heart rate is low, the original state of a rock core is difficult to maintain during the coring, the hole wall is unstable, the hole protection is difficult, and hole accidents often occur. By adopting the single-action drilling tool 10 and the impactor 20 to perform engineering drilling coring operation, the core taking rate and the drilling efficiency of loose broken stratum can be remarkably improved.

Since the first end of the first joint 101 is used to connect with the impactor 20, the flow direction of the drilling fluid cannot be converted by a general method of casting steel balls into the drilling tool at the surface. In the embodiment of the application, the reversing piece 106 is preset in the first flow channel 101a, so that the first flow channel 101a can be selectively communicated with or blocked from the second flow channel 1041a, and the flow direction conversion of drilling fluid is realized. The drilling fluid is, for example, mud, which is pumped into the single-action drilling tool by a water pump. When the single-action drilling tool 20 is lowered into the wellhead, the reversing element 106 is preset at a first position 106a where the first flow channel 101a is communicated with the second flow channel 1041a, and most of the drilling fluid flows from the first flow channel 101a to the second flow channel 1041a and enters the inner tube 103, so that the inner surface of the inner tube 103 is washed, and the other part of the drilling fluid flows from the first flow channel 101a to the first annular space 103b. When coring operation is needed, the pump quantity of drilling fluid is increased, the reversing piece 106 moves to the second position 106b where the first flow channel 101a and the second flow channel 1041a are blocked, the drilling fluid completely flows from the first flow channel 101a to the first annular space 103b and flows out from the nozzle at the drill bit 105, so that the core which enters the inner pipe 103 for erosion drilling is avoided, and the integrity of core coring is improved.

In one embodiment, for ease of illustration and comparison, referring to fig. 2, the reversing element 106 is shown in two different positions in the same view with solid broken lines, wherein the reversing element 106 in solid lines is shown in the first position 106a and the reversing element 106 in broken lines is shown in the second position 106b. The first joint 101 is formed with a first drainage channel 101b and a second drainage channel 101c, the first drainage channel 101b communicates the second flow channel 1041a with the first flow channel 101a, and the second drainage channel 101c communicates the first annular space 103b with the first flow channel 101a; the reversing element 106 has a first position 106a in which the second flow passage 1041a communicates with the first flow passage 101a, and a second position 106b in which the second flow passage 1041a is blocked from the first flow passage 101 a. When the force applied to the reversing element 106 is greater than a predetermined value, such as increasing the pumping capacity of the drilling fluid, the reversing element 106 can be moved from the first position 106a to the second position 106b. The first diversion channel 101b and the second diversion channel 101c which are respectively communicated with the first diversion channel 101a are formed on the first joint 101, the reversing piece 106 is preset in the first diversion channel 101a, and the position of the reversing piece 106 can be changed by controlling the pumping quantity of drilling fluid, so that the flow direction conversion of the drilling fluid is realized. The first connector 101 has a compact internal structure, and the control of the reversing element 106 is simple and convenient.

In one embodiment, the first flow path 101a includes a connection section 101a1, a fixed section 101a2, a reversing section 101a3, and a reducing section 101a4, which are stepped in order. The connecting section 101a1 has an internal thread for connection with an impactor 20 having an external thread, the fixed section 101a2 for mounting the reversing element 106 such that the reversing element 106 is in the first position 106a, and the reversing section 101a3 for the reversing element 106 to process the second position 106b. When the reversing element 106 is at the second position 106b, one end of the reversing element 106 seals the reducing section 101a4. The first flow channel 101b communicates with the connecting section 101a1 and the reversing section 101a3, and the second flow channel 101c communicates with the reversing section 101a3 and the first annular space 103b. When the reversing element 106 is at the first position 106a, a part of the reversing element 106 is fixed on the fixed section 101a2, and the communication between the fixed section 101a2 and the reversing section 101a3 is blocked; when the reversing element 106 is in the second position 106b, a portion of the reversing element 106 blocks the variable diameter section 101a4, thereby closing the first flow passage 101a from the second flow passage 1041 a.

In an embodiment, the single-action drilling tool 10 further includes a fixing seat 107, where the fixing seat 107 is disposed on the fixing section 101a2, for example, one end of the fixing seat 107 abuts against a step at the boundary between the fixing section 101a2 and the reversing section 101a3, and the other end is limited by a circlip 1046 for hole. When the reversing piece 106 is at the first position 106a, the reversing piece is in interference fit with the fixed seat 107; the stress of the reversing piece 106 is larger than a preset value, and the reversing piece 106 can be separated from the fixing seat 107 to move to the second position 106b. For example, in the case of a small flow rate of drilling fluid, the difference between the upper and lower hydraulic pressures of the reversing element 106 is small, and when the reversing element 106 is located at the first position 106a, most of the drilling fluid flows from the first flow channel 101a to the second flow channel 1041a and finally flows into the inner tube 103, so that cleaning of the inner wall of the inner tube 103 is achieved, and a part of the drilling fluid enters the first annular space 103a through the second flow channel 101 c. When the drilling fluid pump is increased to drill, the flow is increased, the hydraulic difference between the upper and lower sides of the reversing piece 106 is increased, at this time, the reversing piece 106 is separated from the fixing seat 107 and moves to the second position 106b, the first flow channel 101a and the second flow channel 1041a are blocked, the drilling fluid completely flows from the first flow channel 101a to the first annular space 103b through the second flow channel 101c, and the drilling fluid is prevented from entering the inner pipe 103 to erode the core during coring. By adopting the detachable fixing seat 107, the fixing seat 107 can be conveniently replaced when the reversing piece 106 wears the fixing seat 107. When the reversing member 106 is worn out, it is also possible to replace only the fixing seat 107 matching the worn reversing member 106, or to replace both the reversing member 106 and the fixing seat 107.

The fixing seat 107 may be made of nylon, rubber or butadiene acrylonitrile. The shape of the reversing element 106 may also be square, spherical, bullet-shaped, etc. Specifically, when the reversing element 106 is in a bullet column shape, that is, the first end of the reversing element 106 is a cylinder, the second end is a hemisphere, a cone or a bullet head of another convex arc rotator, a cylinder with the outer diameter slightly smaller than that of the first end can be formed between the first end and the second end of the reversing element 106, and two cylinders with different outer diameters are in smooth transition; the fixing seat 107 is a spring column seat, that is, the annular direction of at least part of the inner cavity of the fixing seat 107 is matched with the shape of the first end of the reversing element 106, for example, the fixing seat 107 with a transition ring 107a is formed, and the transition ring 107a is in interference fit with the first end of the reversing element 106. When the reversing element 106 is in the initial state of the first position 106a, the first end of the reversing element 106 may be located at the upper portion of the transition ring 107a, and the transition ring 107a is in contact with the cylinder between the first end and the second end of the reversing element 106, which corresponds to the reversing element 106 being supported on the transition ring 107 a. When the pumping capacity of the drilling fluid increases, the reversing element 106 slides down, and the first end of the reversing element 106 contacts the transition ring 107 a. Continuing to increase the pumping capacity of the drilling fluid, the reversing element 106 continues to slide downwards, the first end of the reversing element 106 is separated from the transition ring 107a, and the reversing element 106 moves to the second position 106b, so that the reducing section 101a4 is sealed. By the design, abrasion of the reversing piece 106 and the fixing seat 107 can be reduced, and the service life is prolonged.

In an embodiment, the fixing seat 107 and the reversing element 106 may be magnetically engaged. For example, the reversing element 106 is a steel ball, and the fixing seat 107 is a magnet. When the drilling fluid pump is small, the fixed seat 107 sucks the reversing piece 106 to be at the first position 106a, and after the drilling fluid pump is increased, the reversing piece 106 is separated from the fixed seat 107 to the second position 106b. After the drilling fluid pump quantity is reduced, the reversing piece 106 is sucked by the fixing seat 107 again, so that automatic return is realized.

In an embodiment, the first joint 101 has no first drainage channel 101b, the single-action drilling tool has no fixed seat 107, when the reversing element 106 is at the first position 106a, a gap exists between the first joint 101 and the reversing element 106, and drilling fluid can directly flow from the gap to the second flow channel 1041a; increasing the drilling fluid pump capacity, the clearance between the first connector 101 and the reversing element 106 is insufficient to relieve pressure, and the reversing element 106 slides down to the second position 106b. At this time, the drilling fluid flows from the first flow path 101a to the first annular space 103b through the second flow path 101c, and pressure relief is completed.

In an embodiment, the first joint 101 does not have the first drainage channel 101b, the single-action drilling tool comprises a fixed seat 107, when the reversing element 106 is in the first position 106a, a gap exists between the fixed seat 107 and the reversing element 106, and drilling fluid can flow from the gap between the fixed seat 107 and the reversing element 106 to the second flow channel 1041a; the drilling fluid pump is increased, the gap between the fixed seat 107 and the reversing piece 106 is insufficient for pressure relief, and the reversing piece 106 falls off from the fixed seat 107 and moves to the second position 106b. At this time, the drilling fluid flows from the first flow path 101a to the first annular space 103b through the second flow path 101c, and pressure relief is completed. The gap between the fixing seat 107 and the reversing element 106 may be that the fixing seat 107 itself has a hole or a hole slot.

According to the embodiment of the application, the flow direction conversion of the drilling fluid can be controlled by controlling the flow of the drilling fluid and adjusting the reversing piece 106 to be located at the first position 106a or the second position 106b, so that the cleaning of a pipeline is realized, the drilling fluid is prevented from corroding the core, and the integrity of the core is ensured.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1, 3 and 4, the mandrel assembly 104 includes a through-bore mandrel 1041, a bearing assembly 1042 and an inner tube fitting 1043. A second flow passage 1041a is formed on the through-hole mandrel 1041; the through-hole mandrel 1041 is coupled to the second end of the first joint 101 by a bearing assembly 1042 such that the through-hole mandrel 1041 does not follow the rotational movement of the first joint 101. The inner nipple 1043 has a flow passage 1043c communicating the second flow passage 1041a with the inner cavity of the inner tube 103, and the inner nipple 1043 is detachably connected between the inner tube 103 and the through-hole mandrel 1041. The rotational movement of the first joint 101 is isolated from the through-hole spindle 1041 by the bearing assembly 1042, i.e. the through-hole spindle 1041 is not affected by the rotational movement of the outer tube 102 and the first joint 101, and thus the inner tube 103 connected to the through-hole spindle 1041 does not follow the rotational movement of the outer tube 102 and the first joint 101.

In one embodiment, the mandrel assembly 104 further includes a one-way valve 1045, the inner tube fitting 1043 having a fourth passage 1043d capable of communicating the inner tube 103 lumen with the first annular space 103 a. The check valve 1045 is disposed within the fourth flow passage 1043d to allow fluid to flow from the inner lumen of the inner tube 103 to the first annulus 103b and to stop fluid from flowing from the first annulus 103b to the inner lumen of the inner tube 103.

Specifically, the fourth flow passage 1043d has two sections, a first section is connected to the inner cavity of the inner tube 103, a second section is connected to the first annular space 103b, the first section and the second section are formed in a stepped shape, and the diameter of the first section is smaller than that of the second section. The check valve 1045 may be spherical, hemispherical, truncated cone, cylindrical, etc., and may be made of stainless steel, plastic, or polymer, etc. For example, a steel ball is arranged in the second section, the diameter of the steel ball is larger than that of the first section, the steel ball is in clearance fit with the second section, and a circlip 1046 for holes is arranged at the top of the second section to prevent the steel ball from falling off. When the pressure of the inner cavity of the inner pipe 103 is increased, the drilling fluid can jack up the steel ball, namely, the drilling fluid can flow from the inner cavity of the inner pipe 103 to the first annular gap 103b, so that the inner pipe 103 is prevented from holding pressure, and the core sampling rate is improved. And the drilling fluid in the first annular space 103b cannot flow to the inner cavity of the inner tube 103 through the fourth flow passage 1043d, so that the drilling fluid is prevented from eroding the core during coring.

In an embodiment, the mandrel assembly 104 further includes a screw gland 1044, one end of the inner tube head 1043 has an external thread, the other end has a vertical groove 1043a penetrating the end and an annular groove 1043b communicating with the vertical groove 1043a, one end of the inner wall of the inner tube 103 has a protrusion 103a, the inner tube 103 is sleeved outside the inner tube head 1043, the protrusion 103a is pushed along the vertical groove 1043a and screwed into the transverse groove, and the screw gland 1044 is screwed into the end of the inner tube head 1043 having the external thread to compress the inner tube 103, so that the inner tube 103 is fixed in the axial direction. The protrusion 103a may be a bump or the like. The quick plugging mechanism of the inner pipe 103 and the inner pipe joint 1043 is adopted, compared with the traditional threaded connection, the assembly and disassembly efficiency of the inner pipe 103 is greatly improved, the thickness of the inner pipe 103 is reduced, the thickness of the working lip surface of the drill bit 105 is reduced, the drilling rate is improved, meanwhile, the three-layer pipe 109 (described below) is added in the inner pipe 103, the low disturbance core extraction is realized, and the original state of the core is protected.

In an embodiment, the inner tube 103 and the inner tube joint 1043 may be connected by an external thread at the other end of the inner tube joint 1043, an internal thread matching with the external thread is provided on the inner wall of the inner tube 103, and the inner tube 103 and the inner tube joint 1043 are fixed by screwing. The through-hole mandrel 1041 may be directly connected to the inner tube 103 without using the inner tube joint 1043, and the connection may be screw connection, welding, clamping connection, or the like. The inner pipe joint 1043 and the inner pipe 103 may be integrated, and the through hole mandrel 1041 may be inserted into the upper end when in use.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and 5, single-action drilling tool 10 further includes a piston 108 and a triple tube 109. The piston 108 has a third flow passage 108a, the piston 108 being located within the inner tube 103; the three-layer tube 109 is connected to the piston 108 near one end of the mandrel assembly 104, and the third flow passage 108a communicates the inner cavity of the inner tube 103 with the inner cavity of the three-layer tube 109, and the piston 108 and the three-layer tube 109 can slide in the inner tube 103. In the process of drilling into the inner pipe 103, loose strata are easy to accumulate at the inner pipe 103 or a clamp spring 111 (described below) due to poor pillariiness, so that subsequent cores are difficult to enter the inner pipe 103 and are mutually squeezed, so that the cores are mutually worn and consumed, and the core taking rate is influenced; meanwhile, after the drill is lifted, the core is not easy to exit, the core is knocked out to cause the core to lose the original shape, and the property fidelity cannot be realized. The embodiment of the application adopts the three-layer tube to facilitate coring and coring.

For example, when the core is blocked, the extrusion force of the core forces the piston 108 to drive the three-layer pipe 109 to move towards the inner pipe 103, so that the lower blocking area is yielded to a certain extent, the subsequent core can smoothly enter the inner pipe 103, and a certain degree of blocking removal is realized. When coring is completed, the inner tube 102 is removed, and the piston 108 can be directly pushed by a tool, so that the three-layer tube 109 can be conveniently and simply taken out. By arranging the sliding three-layer pipe 109, the problem of core blockage caused by the defects of low coaxiality, uneven inner wall and the like of the core drilling tool can be effectively solved.

In one embodiment, the three-layer tube 109 has a single-sided slit to facilitate the adhesion to the inner wall of the inner tube 103 while ensuring the roundness of the three-layer inner tube 109. The three-layer tube 109 may be made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The PVC pipe has high internal smoothness, so that the core can smoothly enter the three-layer pipe 109, and the PVC pipe has low price and can be directly used as a core protection pipe. After the three-layer pipe 109 made of PVC is taken out, the end covers are directly pressed on the two ends, so that the core is stored and transported conveniently.

In one embodiment, the three-layer tube 109 may be a semi-closed tube structure. The three-layer tube 109 may also be metal or other material and the lumen may be kept smooth by a coating process.

In an embodiment, a centralizing ring 113 and a reamer 114 may be further disposed inside the outer tube 102, and the inner tube 103 is sleeved in the centralizing ring 113 to prevent shaking and ensure coaxiality of the inner tube 102 and the outer tube 102. The reamer 114 is used for drilling reaming.

In an embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and 6, the single-action drilling tool 10 further includes a retaining spring 110, a clamping spring 111, and a clamping spring seat 112. The spring seat 112 is connected to one end of the inner tube 103 near the drill bit 105, and is used for fixing the retaining spring 110 and the clamp spring 111. The blocking springs 110 are a plurality of reeds arched towards the inner part of the inner pipe 103 to form a flower basket pocket bottom for blocking and protecting the rock core; the retaining spring 110 has a retaining structure, for example, the retaining spring 110 is shaped like a basket, and the basket body is positioned inside the inner tube 103, or may be shaped like a cage. The clamp spring 111 is positioned at the lower end of the blocking spring 110, and the taper of the clamp spring 111 can be 4-5 degrees large taper for cutting off the core.

The upper part of the embodiment of the application adopts the structure of the blocking spring 110, so that the problem that the core falls off from the inner tube 103 under the conditions of gravity and vibration is solved, and particularly, the core is loose and crushed; the lower part adopts a large taper jump ring 111 (the taper of the traditional jump ring is smaller), which not only can protect the upper check spring 110, but also can facilitate the clamping of loose core under the vibration of the impactor 20, and is not suitable for falling off. The core taking rate can be effectively improved by combining the piston 108 and the three-layer pipe 109 of the above embodiment.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and 7, the drill bit 105 has a nozzle 105a, a sump 105b, and a bottom nozzle 105c. The water gap 105a is positioned at the end of the drill bit 105, the water trough 105b is communicated with the water gap 105a, and the bottom spray hole 105c is arranged at intervals with the water gap 105 a. The bottom jet hole 105c is arranged in the water tank 105b and is communicated with the first annular gap 103a, so that the flow direction of drilling fluid at the drill bit 105 is changed, and erosion of the drilling fluid on an end core at the bottom of the drill bit 105 is greatly reduced. The bottom spray hole 105c can be arranged at one side of the water tank 105b far away from the water gap 105a, so that the core is prevented from being directly washed, damaged and the integrity of the core is prevented from being damaged; but may also be located anywhere within the trough 105b, such as in the middle of the trough 105b, etc. The bottom nozzle 105c may be provided in the water tub 105b in plural, for example, two or three.

In one embodiment, the end of the drill bit 105 is stepped, and the size of the drill bit 105 increases axially from the outside of the drill bit 105 to the center of the drill bit 105, which facilitates guided fast drilling and increases drilling efficiency. The outer surface of the drill bit 105 can be embedded with diamond, so that the corrosion resistance and the high temperature resistance of the drill bit 105 are improved, and the drilling rate is increased.

The present embodiments also provide a composite coring drilling tool including any of the single action drilling tools 10 and impactor 20 described in the previous embodiments. The composite core drill is used to reduce the core blocking probability, the impact frequency and the impact function of the impactor 20 are selected according to specific requirements, and the types of the impactors can be reaction type, positive type, composite type, through-air type and other technical combination modes. Specifically, impactor 20 may be an energy storing reaction hydraulic impactor.

The composite coring drilling tool composed of the impactor 20 and the single-action drilling tool 10 is applicable to crude and complex environments, meanwhile, the problem that the viscosity and sand content of slurry are large in engineering investigation can be solved, and the problem of core blockage can be reduced by using impact load applied by the impactor 20.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 8, impactor 20 includes a housing 201, an anvil adapter 202, a ram 203, an energy storage assembly 204, and a second adapter 205. The anvil adapter 202 has a fifth flow passage 202a in communication with the first flow passage 101a, and a second end of the anvil adapter 202 is connected to a first end of the housing 201. The ram 203 has a first central passage 203a, the ram 203 is located within the housing 201 and forms a second annular space 201a with the housing 201, the second annular space 201a being in communication with the fifth flow passage 202a, the ram 203 being configured to provide an impact force to the anvil adapter 202. An energy storage assembly 204 is located within the housing 201 and is connected to one end of the ram 203 for storing and releasing impact energy to the ram 203. The accumulator assembly 204 has a second central passage 2042a, the second central passage 2042a communicating with the first central passage 203a and the second annular space 201a, respectively. A first end of the second connector 205 is positioned within the housing 201 and is coupled to the second end of the housing 201 and is coupled to the energy storage assembly 204. The second joint 205 has a sixth passage 205a, the sixth passage 205a connecting to the second central passage 2042a.

The engineering investigation drilling is because the condition is comparatively simple and crude, and special solid phase control equipment is not established in scene mud generally and is handled, and the sand content is great, mud solid phase content and viscosity are all higher, and conventional downthehole hydraulic hammer that can be favorable to the rock core to be separated is easy stifled, and environmental suitability is poor, hardly is suitable for, and the principle of current hydraulic hammer is mostly jet flow or penetrate the principle work of inhaling simultaneously, can't form jet flow and penetrate the suction environment under the condition of the little pump volume of engineering investigation drilling, and hydraulic hammer can't normally work. The energy storage type reaction impactor provided by the embodiment of the application does not need to form jet flow and jet-suction environments, is suitable for coring loose broken stratums with small pump quantity and high solid phase content, and can effectively improve the core sampling rate of the loose broken stratums and the drilling efficiency.

In one embodiment, a lower guide sleeve 206 may be disposed between the ram 203 and the anvil adapter 202, and the lower guide sleeve 206 may be fixed to the ram 203 or fixed to the anvil adapter 202 to guide the ram 203. A recess or cushion or the like may also be provided between ram 203 and anvil adapter 202 to facilitate better reception of ram 203. The impact hammer 203 may be cylindrical or square in shape, and the impact hammer 203 may be made of a wear-resistant rigid material, such as stainless steel.

In one embodiment, a small hole is further formed on the side of the ram 203 near the anvil joint 202, for releasing the pressure of the liquid in the first central channel 203a, and controlling the flow rate of the liquid in the first central channel 203a, and further controlling the impact frequency and the impact energy. The number of the small holes may be plural, for example, one, two, three, or the like, as required.

In one embodiment, the energy storage assembly 204 includes a connecting sleeve 2041, a drainage tube 2042, an upper guide sleeve 2043, and an elastic member 2044. The connecting sleeve 2041 is connected with the ram 203; the drainage tube 2042 has an overflow hole 2042b, a second central passage 2042a is formed on the drainage tube 2042, the overflow hole 2042b communicates the second central passage 2042a with the second annular space 201a, a portion of fluid in the drainage tube 2042 can flow into the second annular space 201a through the overflow hole 2042b, and a second joint 205 is connected with a second end of the drainage tube 2042; the upper guide sleeve 2043 is sleeved outside the drainage tube 2042, the first end of the upper guide sleeve is connected with the drainage tube 2042 or the second joint 205, and the second end of the upper guide sleeve is connected with the connecting sleeve 2041; the elastic piece 2044 is located in a space surrounded by the upper guide sleeve 2043 and the drainage tube 2042, and the elastic piece 2044 is connected to the drainage tube 2042 and the connecting sleeve 2041 and can drive the connecting sleeve 2041 to move in the space surrounded by the upper guide sleeve 2043 and the drainage tube 2042.

The elastic member 2044 may be a spring, such as that of FIG. 8, having one end connected to the upper guide sleeve 2043 and the other end connected to the drain tube 2042. The resilient member 2044 may also be a resilient rubber, for example, attached at one end to the lower guide sleeve 206 and at the other end to the anvil adapter 202.

According to the working principle of the impactor disclosed by the embodiment of the application, drilling fluid flows into the drainage tube 2042 from the sixth flow passage 205a of the second joint 205, a part of the drilling fluid flows into the second annular space 201a through the overflow hole 2042b, and finally flows into the single-action drilling tool 10 at the lower part through the fifth flow passage 202a, so that pump holding is avoided; the other part of drilling fluid flows into the first central channel 203a, the hydraulic pressure difference is caused by the area difference between the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the impact hammer 203, the impact hammer 203 is forced to drive the connecting sleeve 2041 to extrude the elastic piece 2044 of the energy storage component 204, the elastic piece 2044 stores energy, after the bottom of the impact hammer 203 leaves the anvil joint 202 for a certain stroke, the impact hammer 203 can continue to ascend due to inertia, the first central channel 203a is completely opened, the drilling fluid in the first central channel 203a flows out through the fifth channel 202a, and the impact hammer 203 is enabled to fall down rapidly due to gravity and energy release of the elastic piece 2044, so as to impact the anvil joint 202, and realize the impact effect.

Other solid-phase control tools are not needed in the embodiment of the application, and the hydraulic pressure difference can be generated by utilizing the drilling fluid on the construction site to promote the impact hammer 203 to do work; the impactor adopts an energy storage mode, so that the problem that the impactor cannot work due to the fact that jet flow and jet-suction environments cannot be formed under the condition of small pump quantity is avoided; the spring of the elastic piece with the energy storage function is longer in design, and under the same mechanical condition of compression quantity, the single-ring stress deformation of the spring is smaller, so that the service life of the spring is prolonged.

The following illustrates a method for using the composite core drilling tool of the embodiments of the present application in loosely fractured formations.

1. Construction tool

And 1 adaptive drilling machine, 1 water pump, horizontal drilling frame, 50 drill rod length, 1 slurry (drilling fluid) stirring and purifying device, and 2 phi 110 composite coring drilling tools.

2. Installation drilling machine

The stress of the drilling machine is in the horizontal direction, foundation bolts are pre-embedded according to the foundation of the drilling machine in order to prevent the drilling machine from shaking back and forth and left and right, so that the ground, the machine wood and the drilling machine form a whole, and the drilling machine is positioned on the same horizontal plane from front to back by using a level bar. In order to realize horizontal pressurization and drill pulling of a drilling machine in the drilling process, the drilling machine and mountain rock are fixedly tensioned by using a steel wire rope elastic buckle, necessary transverse support is made by using short square timber, meanwhile, an anchoring point is also arranged on the ground near one side of the drilling machine operation, the drilling machine is fixedly tensioned by using the steel wire rope elastic buckle, and a pulley is fixed on the reverse extension of the drilling hole so as to meet the requirement of use during drill pulling.

3. Drilling parameters

Firstly, a phi 130 alloy drilling tool is used for perforating, after the target stratum is reached, a phi 127 sleeve is put in, and then, a phi 110 composite core drilling tool is used, so that the grade can be changed according to stratum conditions. The drilling rate of the drill bit 105 is 250 r/min-500 r/min, the flushing liquid amount is 60L/min-100L/min, and the weight on bit 105 is 10-15 kN.

4. Drilling fluid selection

(1) Formula for drilling holes

a) Bentonite and sodium carbonate are used for processing for 24 hours, and then 0.1 percent of Na-CMC is added for processing;

b) The method is characterized in that local soil (clay with low sand content and good viscosity) is added with 6% sodium carbonate with the weight of 8% -10% of the weight of the clay for treatment, or NaOH is used for treatment (experiments can be carried out before use to compare the effect of sodium carbonate treatment and treatment). Typically, after 24 hours of hydration, additional 0.1% Na-CMC is added.

(2) Formulation of stratum above rock

a) Treating with bentonite (6% of soil weight) sodium carbonate, adding 0.01-0.03% of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide and 0.1-0.2% of Na-CMC, and adding a certain amount of broad-spectrum wall protecting agent or kp copolymer if stratum instability occurs;

b) The bentonite (6% of soil weight) is treated by sodium carbonate, and 0.01 to 0.05% of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide and 1 to 3% of potassium humate are added for treatment. If the stratum is unstable, a certain amount of broad-spectrum wall protecting agent or kp copolymer can be added;

c) The bentonite (6% of soil weight) is treated by sodium carbonate, and a certain amount of broad-spectrum wall protecting agent or copolymer can be added when the bentonite is treated by Na-CMC with the concentration of 0.1% -0.2% and potassium humate with the concentration of 1% -3%.

(3) Formulation of rock formations

a) Gradually changing the potassium humate solution into bentonite content on the basis of the stratum formula above the rock to enable the bentonite content to reach 3% -4%, and simultaneously adding a certain amount of lubricant or cutting paste;

b) 3 to 4 percent of bentonite, 6 percent of calcined soda (6 percent of bentonite content, 0.03 to 0.05 percent of hydrolyzed polypropylene hydroxylamine and 1 to 3 percent of potassium humate are added, and then a certain amount of lubricant or cutting paste is added;

c) 0.05 to 0.1 percent of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of Na-CMC and a certain amount of lubricating paste or cutting paste.

5. Coring flow

Step 1, debugging the composite core drilling tool according to the requirement before tripping to reach the tripping requirement

Step 2, drill down and circulation

(1) When the drill is drilled, the operation is required to be kept stable, and the strong brake is forbidden;

(2) The core drilling tool prohibits midway reaming or circulating drilling fluid when the core drilling tool runs down and encounters resistance, and the resistance cannot exceed 30kN;

(3) When the drill is drilled down to the bottom of the well by about 1m, a single pump is started to circulate drilling fluid, the circulation displacement is determined according to the stratum, the purposes of flushing the bottom of the well and not flushing the rock core are achieved, the displacement is generally controlled to be less than or equal to 20L/s, and the inner pipe 103 and the bottom of the well are flushed. Observing the rock debris returning condition of the vibrating screen, waiting for the bottom hole to be washed cleanly, then lowering the drilling tool, exploring the bottom hole, measuring, and marking;

(4) The pump is slowly started, the displacement is less than or equal to 20L/s, the reversing piece 106 falls off from the fixed seat 107 due to the hydraulic difference between the upper surface and the lower surface, the reversing piece 106 slides down to the variable diameter section 101a4 to be clamped tightly, the rear channel is blocked, sealing is realized, drilling fluid is forced to enter the first annular gap 103a between the inner pipe 103 and the outer pipe 102 from the second drainage channel 101c of the first joint 101, the flow direction conversion of the drilling fluid is realized, meanwhile, the pressure of the inner pipe 103 is increased, the drilling fluid can jack the one-way valve 1045 in the inner pipe joint 1043 to be discharged from the through hole, and the pressure holding of the inner pipe 103 is avoided.

(5) When the well bottom is near, the core drilling tool slowly rotates and descends, and after the core drilling tool contacts the well bottom, the core drilling tool is slightly ground for a while, and then core drilling is started.

Step 3, coring drilling

(1) The core should be noted at the initial stage of drilling, the core is lightly pressed for about 30 cm-50 cm, after entering the inner pipe 103, the core is pressurized for 20-40 kN to normally drill, the drilling speed should not be too fast, loose stratum is easy to block and grind, and the subsequent core is influenced to enter the inner pipe 103. When the loose stratum is drilled, the change of the pump pressure, the load of the rotary table and the reverse discharge condition of rock fragments are observed, so that measures can be taken in time;

(2) The drill feeding is uniform and stable, the intermittent drill feeding is prevented, the drilling speed is kept, the drill speed is uniform, the diameter of the rock core is kept consistent, the rock core smoothly enters the inner pipe 103, the condition of pressure holding of the inner pipe 103 cannot occur, the upper extraction of the core drilling tool is forbidden in the drilling process, and the drill slipping and the drill setting cannot be realized;

(3) After drilling, the suspended weight is recovered, so that the core cutting part is finely ground, and the core cutting is facilitated.

Step 4, cutting off the core

The core is cut off by a clamp spring 111.

Step 5, taking off the drill

The drill is stable, and the hydraulic pliers are used for breaking out.

Step 6, taking out the core

(1) After the core drilling tool reaches the orifice, the safety slips are opened, the safety slips are detached from the joint of the differential rigid body and the suspension joint, and the upper pipe strings such as the impactor 20 are placed on the drill floor;

(2) The outer tube 102 is disassembled, the screw gland 1044 is unscrewed, the inner tube joint 1043 or the inner tube 103 is rotated, the protrusion 103a is separated from the vertical groove 1043a and the annular groove 1043b, the inner tube 103 is taken out, the piston 108 is pushed by a tool to pass through the inner tube 103, the three-layer tube 109 is taken out, and the end caps are directly pressed at the two ends of the three-layer tube 109 for storing and transporting the core.

The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, but various modifications and changes will become apparent to those skilled in the art. All such modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements are intended to be within the spirit and principles of this application.

Claims

1. A single action drilling tool comprising:

the reversing piece is arranged in the first flow channel so that the first flow channel can be selectively communicated with or blocked from the second flow channel;

the first joint is provided with a first drainage channel and a second drainage channel, the first drainage channel is communicated with the second channel and the first channel, and the second drainage channel is communicated with the first annular gap and the first channel;

When the stress of the reversing piece is larger than a preset value, the reversing piece can move from the first position to the second position;

the first flow channel comprises a connecting section, a fixing section, a reversing section and a reducing section which are sequentially formed into a step shape, the connecting section is used for being connected with the impactor, the fixing section is used for installing the reversing piece to enable the reversing piece to be in the first position, and the reversing section is used for enabling the reversing piece to be in the second position;

2. The single action drilling tool of claim 1, further comprising a fixed seat disposed at the fixed section, the reversing element cooperating with the fixed seat in the first position;

3. The single action drilling device of claim 2, wherein the reversing element is in the first position, the reversing element is in an interference fit or a magnetic attraction fit with the holder.

4. The single action drilling tool of claim 1, further comprising:

5. The single action drilling device of claim 4, wherein the three-layer tube is polyvinyl chloride; and/or the three-layer tube is provided with a single side seam along the axial direction.

6. The single action drilling device of claim 1, wherein the mandrel assembly comprises:

a bearing assembly through which the through-bore mandrel is connected to the second end of the first joint such that the through-bore mandrel does not follow the first joint in rotational motion;

7. The single action drilling tool of claim 6, wherein the mandrel assembly further comprises a screw gland, wherein one end of the inner tube fitting has external threads, the other end has a vertical groove extending through the end and a circumferential groove in communication with the vertical groove, and wherein one end of the inner tube wall has a protrusion;

the inner pipe is sleeved on the outer side of the inner pipe joint, the protrusion is pushed along the vertical groove and is screwed in the annular groove, and the screw gland is screwed at one end of the inner pipe joint, which is provided with external threads, and compresses the inner pipe.

8. The single action drilling tool of claim 1, wherein the end of the drill bit has a water port, a water trough in communication with the water port, and a bottom orifice formed in the water trough, the bottom orifice being spaced from the water port, the bottom orifice in communication with the first annulus; and/or the number of the groups of groups,

The end of the drill bit is stepped, and the size of the drill bit increases from the outside of the drill bit to the center of the drill bit along the axial direction.

9. The single action drilling tool of claim 1, further comprising:

10. A composite coring drilling tool, comprising:

the single action drilling tool of any one of claims 1-9; and

11. The composite core drilling tool of claim 10, wherein the impactor comprises:

a housing;

12. The composite core drilling tool as recited in claim 11, wherein the energy storage assembly comprises:

the connecting sleeve is connected with the impact hammer;