CN113898286A

CN113898286A - Single-action drilling tool and combined type coring drilling tool

Info

Publication number: CN113898286A
Application number: CN202111070319.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张占荣; 董同新; 付明; 孙红林; 郭建湖; 吕小宁; 韩燚; 王亚飞; 李东黎; 胡郁乐; 李睿; 李慈航; 李萍
Original assignee: China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-09-13
Filing date: 2021-09-13
Publication date: 2022-01-07
Anticipated expiration: 2041-09-13
Also published as: CN113898286B

Abstract

The application discloses single action drilling tool includes: the first joint is provided with a first flow passage penetrating through two ends, and the first end of the first joint is used for connecting the impactor; the outer pipe is connected with the first joint, and the second end of the first joint is positioned in the outer pipe; the inner pipe is sleeved in the outer pipe, and a first annular gap is formed between the outer pipe and the inner pipe; a mandrel assembly having a second flow passage in communication with the inner lumen of the inner tube, a first end of the mandrel assembly being connected to a second end of the first connector, a second end of the mandrel assembly being connected to the inner tube, the mandrel assembly being configured such that the inner tube does not follow the outer tube in rotational movement; the drill bit is connected with one end of the outer pipe, which is far away from the first joint; and the reversing piece is arranged in the first flow passage, so that the first flow passage can be selectively communicated with or cut off from the second flow passage. The application also discloses a combined type core drilling tool, which can effectively improve the core sampling rate and the drilling efficiency.

Description

Single-action drilling tool and combined type coring drilling tool

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of engineering investigation, especially, relate to a single action drilling tool and combined type coring drilling tool.

Background

For the problems of complex stratum, loose and broken lithology, weak cementing property and poor columniform property of a core taken by a drilling tool, loose and broken state, easy erosion by mud, blockage of pipelines of the drilling tool, slow drilling speed, low core taking rate and difficulty in keeping the core in an original state during coring, the problems of the prior art are solved.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, embodiments of the present application are expected to provide a single-action drilling tool and a composite core drilling tool to solve the problems of difficult cleaning of pipelines and core erosion.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application is implemented as follows:

in one aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a single action drilling tool is disclosed, comprising:

the first joint is provided with a first flow passage penetrating through two ends, and the first end of the first joint is used for connecting the impactor;

the outer pipe is connected with the first joint, and the second end of the first joint is positioned in the outer pipe;

the inner pipe is sleeved in the outer pipe, and a first annular gap is formed between the outer pipe and the inner pipe;

a mandrel assembly having a second flow passage in communication with the inner lumen of the inner tube, a first end of the mandrel assembly being connected to a second end of the first connector, a second end of the mandrel assembly being connected to the inner tube, the mandrel assembly being configured such that the inner tube does not follow the outer tube in rotational movement;

the drill bit is connected with one end of the outer pipe, which is far away from the first joint; and

and the reversing piece is arranged in the first flow passage so that the first flow passage can be selectively communicated with or cut off from the second flow passage.

Further, a first drainage channel and a second drainage channel are formed in the first connector, the first drainage channel is communicated with the second flow channel and the first flow channel, and the second drainage channel is communicated with the first annular space and the first flow channel;

the reversing piece is provided with a first position enabling the second flow passage to be communicated with the first flow passage and a second position enabling the second flow passage to be stopped from the first flow passage;

when the force applied to the reversing piece is larger than a preset value, the reversing piece can move from the first position to the second position.

Further, the first flow channel comprises a connecting section, a fixing section, a reversing section and a reducing section which are formed in a step shape in sequence, the connecting section is used for being connected with the impactor, the fixing section is used for mounting the reversing piece to enable the reversing piece to be located at the first position, and the reversing section is used for enabling the reversing piece to be located at the second position;

the first drainage channel is communicated with the connecting section and the reversing section, and the second drainage channel is communicated with the reversing section and the first annular gap; when the reversing piece is located at the first position, the reversing piece cuts off the communication between the fixed section and the reversing section, and the reversing piece is located at the second position and covers the diameter-changing section.

Furthermore, the single-action drilling tool also comprises a fixed seat arranged on the fixed section, and the reversing piece is matched with the fixed seat to be positioned at the first position;

when the stress of the reversing piece is larger than the preset value, the reversing piece can be separated from the fixed seat and move to the second position.

Furthermore, when the reversing piece is located at the first position, the reversing piece is in interference fit or magnetic attraction fit with the fixed seat. Further, the single action drill further comprises:

a piston having a third flow passage, the piston being located within the inner tube; and

and one end, close to the mandrel assembly, of the three-layer pipe is connected with the piston, the third flow channel is communicated with the inner cavity of the inner pipe and the inner cavity of the three-layer pipe, and the piston and the three-layer pipe can slide in the inner pipe.

Furthermore, the three-layer pipe is made of polyvinyl chloride.

Further, the triple-layer tube has a single-sided seam along the axial direction.

Further, the mandrel assembly comprises:

a through-hole mandrel on which the second flow channel is formed;

a bearing assembly, wherein the through hole mandrel is connected with the second end of the first connector through the bearing assembly, so that the through hole mandrel does not rotate along with the upper connector;

the inner pipe joint is provided with an overflowing channel communicated with the second flow passage and the inner cavity of the inner pipe and a fourth flow passage capable of communicating the inner cavity of the inner pipe and the first annular space, and the inner pipe joint is detachably connected between the inner pipe and the through hole mandrel; and

and the check valve is positioned in the fourth flow passage, so that fluid can flow from the inner cavity of the inner pipe to the first annular space, and the fluid is stopped from flowing from the first annular space to the inner cavity of the inner pipe.

The mandrel assembly further comprises a threaded gland, one end of the inner pipe joint is provided with an external thread, the other end of the inner pipe joint is provided with a vertical groove penetrating through the end part and a circumferential groove communicated with the vertical groove, and one end of the inner wall of the inner pipe is provided with a protrusion;

the inner pipe sleeve is arranged on the outer side of the inner pipe joint, the protrusion is pushed into the vertical groove and screwed into the transverse groove, and the threaded gland is screwed into one end, provided with an external thread, of the inner pipe joint and compresses the inner pipe.

Furthermore, the end part of the drill bit is provided with a water gap, a water tank communicated with the water gap and a bottom spray hole formed in the water tank, the bottom spray hole and the water gap are arranged at intervals, and the bottom spray hole is communicated with the first annular gap.

Further, the end of the drill bit is stepped, and the size of the drill bit increases from the outer portion of the drill bit to the center of the drill bit in the axial direction.

Further, the single action drill further comprises:

the blocking spring comprises a plurality of spring leaves which arch towards the inner part of the inner pipe and is used for blocking and protecting the rock core;

the clamp spring is positioned at the lower end of the blocking spring and used for cutting off the core; and

and the clamp spring seat is connected to one end, close to the drill bit, of the inner pipe and is used for fixing the blocking spring and the clamp spring.

On the other hand of the embodiment of the application, a combined type core drill is disclosed, includes:

the single action drill of any of the above; and

and the impactor is connected with the first end of the first joint and provides impact energy for the single-action drilling tool.

Further, the impactor includes:

a housing;

an anvil fitting having a fifth flow passage configured to communicate with the first flow passage, the anvil fitting coupled to the first end of the outer housing, the second end of the anvil fitting positioned within the first end of the outer housing, the first end of the anvil fitting coupled to the first end of the first fitting;

a ram having a first central passage, the ram being located within the housing for providing an impact force to the anvil fitting, the ram and the housing forming a second annulus therebetween, the second annulus communicating with the fifth flow passage, the first central passage being communicable with the fifth flow passage;

the energy storage assembly is provided with a second central channel which is respectively communicated with the first central channel and the second annular gap, is positioned in the shell and is connected with the impact hammer and is used for storing and releasing impact energy to the impact hammer; and

and the second joint is provided with a sixth flow passage communicated with the second central passage, the second joint is connected with the second end of the shell, and the first end of the second joint is positioned in the shell and is connected with the energy storage assembly.

Further, the energy storage assembly includes:

the connecting sleeve is connected with the impact hammer;

the drainage tube is provided with an overflowing hole, the second central channel is formed in the drainage tube, the overflowing hole is communicated with the second central channel and the second annular space, the first end of the drainage tube is connected with the connecting sleeve, and the second end of the drainage tube is connected with the second joint;

the upper guide sleeve is sleeved on the outer side of the drainage tube and is connected with the drainage tube or the second connector; and

the elastic piece is located in the space enclosed by the upper guide sleeve and the drainage tube, the elastic piece is connected with the drainage tube and the connecting sleeve, and can drive the connecting sleeve to move in the space enclosed by the upper guide sleeve and the drainage tube.

The utility model provides a single action drilling tool, through the reversing member of adjustment setting in first runner, change the flow direction of drilling fluid, first runner and second runner intercommunication when realizing the drilling down wash the inner tube, first runner and second runner are stopped when creeping into the coring, prevent that drilling fluid from eroding the rock core. The combined type coring drilling tool disclosed by the embodiment of the application adopts the matching mode of the single-action drilling tool and the impactor, and the impactor provides impact energy for the single-action drilling tool, so that the core blockage is reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a single-action drill for a composite core drill according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a portion A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a portion of the enlarged structure at B in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the inner pipe joint of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a portion of the enlarged structure at C in FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion of the structure of FIG. 1 at D;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the construction of the drill bit of FIG. 1;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an impactor for a composite core drill according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Description of the reference numerals

A single-action drill 10; a first joint 101; a first flow passage 101 a; the connecting segment 101a 1; fixed segment 101a 2; commutation segment 101a 3; the reducer section 101a 4; a first drainage duct 101 b; a second drainage duct 101 c; an outer tube 102; an inner tube 103; the projections 103 a; a first annular space 103 a; a mandrel assembly 104; a through-hole mandrel 1041; the second flow passage 1041 a; a bearing assembly 1042; an inner tube fitting 1043; vertical grooves 1043 a; a circumferential groove 1043 b; an overflow passage 1043 c; a fourth flow passage 1043 d; a screw gland 1044; a check valve 1045; a circlip for hole 1046; a drill bit 105; a water gap 105 a; a water tank 105 b; a bottom nozzle hole 105 c; a reversing member 106; a first position 106 a; a second position 106 b; a fixed seat 107; a transition ring 107 a; a piston 108; a third flow passage 108 a; a triple-layer tube 109; a catch spring 110; a clamp spring 111; a clamp spring seat 112; a centralizing ring 113; a reamer 114; an impactor 20; a housing 201; a second annular space 201 a; an anvil fitting 202; a fifth flow passage 202 a; a ram 203; a first central channel 203 a; an energy storage component 204; a connecting sleeve 2041; a draft tube 2042; second central passage 2042 a; an overflowing hole 2042 b; an upper guide sleeve 2043; an elastic member 2044; a second joint 205; a sixth flow passage 205 a; a lower guide sleeve 206.

Detailed Description

It should be noted that, in the present application, technical features in examples and embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict, and the detailed description in the specific embodiment should be understood as an explanation of the gist of the present application and should not be construed as an improper limitation to the present application.

The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and specific embodiments. The descriptions of "first," "second," etc. in the embodiments of the present application are for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly including at least one feature. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a single-action drilling tool 10 is provided, and the single-action drilling tool 10 includes a first joint 101, an outer tube 102, an inner tube 103, a mandrel assembly 104, a drill bit 105, and a diverter 106. The first connector 101 has a first flow passage 101a extending through both ends, and a first end of the first connector 101 is connected to the impactor 20, for example, the first end of the first connector 101 may be threadedly connected to the impactor 20, i.e., one of the first end of the first connector 101 and the corresponding end of the impactor is internally threaded and the other is externally threaded. The outer tube 102 is connected, e.g. welded, glued or screwed, to a first joint 101, the second end of the first joint 101 being located inside the outer tube 102. The inner tube 103 is sleeved in the outer tube 102, and a first annular gap 103b is formed between the inner tube and the outer tube 102. The mandrel assembly 104 has a second flow passage 1041a connected to the inner cavity of the inner tube 103, a first end of the mandrel assembly 104 is connected to a second end of the first connector 101, and a second end of the mandrel assembly 104 is connected to the inner tube 103. The mandrel assembly is configured such that the inner tube 103 does not follow the rotational movement of the outer tube 102. A drill bit 105 is connected to the end of the outer tube 102 remote from the first sub 101 for rotary drilling.

The single action drilling tool of the present embodiment refers to a drilling tool in which the outer tube 102 rotates and the inner tube 103 does not rotate with the outer tube 102 during drilling. The non-rotating inner tube 103 has a higher coring quality because the single action drill reduces the mechanical crushing of the core by the frictional vibrations generated by the rotation of the outer tube 102 with the drill bit 105. The first end of the first connector 101 is used for connecting the impactor 20, the impactor 20 provides impact energy for the single-action drilling tool 10, the condition that the core in the inner pipe 103 is blocked is reduced, and the drilling efficiency and the coring quality are further improved.

The single-action drilling tool 10 provided by the embodiment of the application is matched with the impactor 20, and can be used for the engineering investigation industries with coring requirements such as railways, rail transit, highways, municipal administration, water conservancy and hydropower. In particular, for loose and broken strata, such as gravel stratum core drilling, due to loose structure, poor cementation and different sizes of blocks or particles, a common core drilling tool is slow in drilling speed and low in core extraction rate, a core is difficult to maintain in an original state during core extraction, a hole wall is unstable, hole protection is difficult, and hole accidents often occur. By adopting the single-action drilling tool 10 of the embodiment of the application to cooperate with the impactor 20 to carry out engineering drilling coring operation, the core sampling rate and the drilling efficiency of a loose and broken stratum can be obviously improved.

Since the first end of the first joint 101 is used for connecting with the impactor 20, the direction of the drilling fluid cannot be switched by adopting a common method of throwing a steel ball to the drilling tool on the surface. The reversing piece 106 is arranged in the first flow passage 101a in advance, so that the first flow passage 101a can be selectively communicated with or cut off from the second flow passage 1041a, and the flow direction conversion of the drilling fluid is realized. The drilling fluid is, for example, mud, which is pumped by a water pump into the single-action drilling tool. When the single-acting drilling tool 20 is lowered into the wellhead, the reversing element 106 is preset at a first position 106a where the first flow passage 101a is communicated with the second flow passage 1041a, most of the drilling fluid flows from the first flow passage 101a to the second flow passage 1041a to enter the inner pipe 103, so that the inner surface of the inner pipe 103 is flushed, and the other part of the drilling fluid flows from the first flow passage 101a to the first annular space 103 b. When core-taking operation is needed, the pump capacity of drilling fluid is increased, the reversing piece 106 moves to a second position 106b where the first flow passage 101a and the second flow passage 1041a are cut off, the drilling fluid flows to the first annular gap 103b from the first flow passage 101a and flows out from a nozzle at the drill bit 105, the drilling fluid is prevented from entering the inner pipe 103 to erode a drilled core, and the integrity of core-taking is improved.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 2 for ease of illustration and comparison, the solid dashed lines in the same view indicate that the reversing element 106 is in two different positions, wherein the solid line reversing element 106 is in the first position 106a and the dashed line reversing element 106 is in the second position 106 b. The first joint 101 is provided with a first drainage channel 101b and a second drainage channel 101c, the first drainage channel 101b is communicated with the second flow passage 1041a and the first flow passage 101a, and the second drainage channel 101c is communicated with the first annular space 103b and the first flow passage 101 a; the direction changing member 106 has a first position 106a at which the second flow passage 1041a communicates with the first flow passage 101a, and a second position 106b at which the second flow passage 1041a is blocked from the first flow passage 101 a. When the diverter 106 is forced to a force greater than a predetermined value, such as increasing the pumping volume of the drilling fluid, the diverter 106 can be moved from the first position 106a to the second position 106 b. The first flow channel 101a and the second flow channel 101c which are respectively communicated with the first flow channel 101a are formed in the first connector 101, the reversing piece 106 is arranged in the first flow channel 101a in advance, the position of the reversing piece 106 can be changed by controlling the pumping amount of the drilling fluid, and the flow direction conversion of the drilling fluid is realized. The first connector 101 has a compact internal structure, and the reversing member 106 is easy and convenient to control.

In one embodiment, the first flow passage 101a includes a connection section 101a1, a fixed section 101a2, a reversing section 101a3, and a reducing section 101a4, which are stepped in sequence. The connecting segment 101a1 is internally threaded for connection to the impactor 20, which is externally threaded, the securing segment 101a2 is used to mount the reversing element 106 such that the reversing element 106 is in the first position 106a, and the reversing segment 101a3 is used to move the reversing element 106 to the second position 106 b. When the direction-changing member 106 is in the second position 106b, one end of the direction-changing member 106 blocks the diameter-changing section 101a 4. The first flow diverter 101b communicates between the connecting segment 101a1 and the diverting segment 101a3, and the second flow diverter 101c communicates between the diverting segment 101a3 and the first annulus 103 b. When the reversing piece 106 is at the first position 106a, a part of the reversing piece 106 is fixed on the fixed section 101a2, and the communication between the fixed section 101a2 and the reversing section 101a3 is cut off; when the direction changing member 106 is in the second position 106b, a portion of the direction changing member 106 blocks the diameter-changed section 101a4, thereby blocking the first flow passage 101a from the second flow passage 1041 a.

In an embodiment, the single-action drilling tool 10 further includes a fixing seat 107, the fixing seat 107 is disposed on the fixing section 101a2, for example, one end of the fixing seat 107 abuts on a step at the boundary of the fixing section 101a2 and the reversing section 101a3, and the other end is limited by a hole circlip 1046. When the reversing piece 106 is at the first position 106a, the reversing piece is in interference fit with the fixed seat 107; when the force applied to the reversing member 106 is greater than the predetermined value, the reversing member 106 can be disengaged from the fixed seat 107 and move to the second position 106 b. For example, in the case of a small drilling fluid flow, the hydraulic pressure difference between the upper part and the lower part of the reversing element 106 is small, when the reversing element 106 is located at the first position 106a, most of the drilling fluid flows from the first flow passage 101a to the second flow passage 1041a and finally flows into the inner pipe 103, so that the inner wall of the inner pipe 103 is cleaned, and a part of the drilling fluid enters the first annular space 103a through the second flow guide passage 101 c. When drilling is carried out by increasing the drilling fluid pump amount, the flow rate is increased, the hydraulic pressure difference between the upper part and the lower part of the reversing piece 106 is increased, the reversing piece 106 is separated from the fixing seat 107 and moves to the second position 106b, the first flow passage 101a and the second flow passage 1041a are cut off, and the drilling fluid flows to the first annular gap 103b from the first flow passage 101a through the second flow guide 101c, so that the drilling fluid is prevented from entering the inner pipe 103 to erode the rock core during coring. By adopting the detachable fixing seat 107, when the reversing piece 106 wears the fixing seat 107, the fixing seat 107 can be conveniently replaced. When the reversing element 106 is worn, it is also possible to replace only the holder 107 that is associated with the worn reversing element 106, or to replace both the reversing element 106 and the holder 107.

The fixing base 107 may be made of nylon, rubber or nitrile. The diverter 106 may also be square, spherical, or bullet-cylindrical in shape, etc. Specifically, when the direction-changing member 106 is a bullet-cylindrical shape, that is, the first end of the direction-changing member 106 is a cylinder, and the second end is a bullet of a hemisphere, a cone or other convex arc rotator, a cylinder with an outer diameter slightly smaller than that of the first end can be formed between the first end and the second end of the direction-changing member 106, and two cylinders with different outer diameters are in smooth transition; the fixing seat 107 is a spring column seat, that is, the annular direction of at least a partial section of the inner cavity of the fixing seat 107 matches the shape of the first end of the reversing element 106, for example, the fixing seat 107 is formed with a transition ring 107a, and the transition ring 107a is used for interference fit with the first end of the reversing element 106. In the initial state of the diverter 106 in the first position 106a, the first end of the diverter 106 may be located above the transition ring 107a, and the transition ring 107a may be in contact with the cylinder between the first and second ends of the diverter 106, corresponding to the diverter 106 being supported on the transition ring 107 a. When the pumping volume of the drilling fluid increases, the reversing element 106 slides down, and the first end of the reversing element 106 contacts the transition ring 107 a. Continuing to increase the pumping volume of drilling fluid, diverter 106 continues to slide downward, the first end of diverter 106 disengages from transition ring 107a, and diverter 106 moves to second position 106b, thereby sealing reducer section 101a 4. Due to the design, the abrasion of the reversing piece 106 and the fixed seat 107 can be reduced, and the service life is prolonged.

In an embodiment, the fixing seat 107 and the direction-changing member 106 can be magnetically engaged. For example, the direction changing member 106 is a steel ball, and the fixing base 107 is a magnet. When the drilling fluid pump volume is relatively small, the fixed seat 107 sucks the reversing piece 106 to enable the reversing piece 106 to be located at the first position 106a, and after the drilling fluid pump volume is increased, the reversing piece 106 is separated from the fixed seat 107 to the second position 106 b. After the drilling fluid pump volume is reduced, the reversing piece 106 is sucked by the fixed seat 107 again, and automatic return is realized.

In one embodiment, the first connector 101 has no first flow guide 101b, the single-action drilling tool has no fixed seat 107, and when the reversing element 106 is in the first position 106a, a gap exists between the first connector 101 and the reversing element 106, so that drilling fluid can directly flow from the gap to the second flow guide 1041 a; the drilling fluid pump volume is increased, the clearance between the first connector 101 and the reversing element 106 is not enough for pressure relief, and the reversing element 106 slides downwards to the second position 106 b. At this time, the drilling fluid flows from the first flow passage 101a to the first annular space 103b through the second flow guide 101c, and the pressure relief is completed.

In one embodiment, the first connector 101 has no first drainage channel 101b, the single-action drilling tool comprises a fixed seat 107, when the reversing element 106 is in the first position 106a, a gap exists between the fixed seat 107 and the reversing element 106, and drilling fluid can flow from the gap between the fixed seat 107 and the reversing element 106 to the second flow channel 1041 a; the drilling fluid pumping quantity is increased, the gap between the fixed seat 107 and the reversing piece 106 is not enough for pressure relief, and the reversing piece 106 falls off from the fixed seat 107 and moves to the second position 106 b. At this time, the drilling fluid flows from the first flow passage 101a to the first annular space 103b through the second flow guide 101c, and the pressure relief is completed. A gap exists between the fixed seat 107 and the reversing piece 106, and the fixed seat 107 can be provided with a pore or a pore groove.

According to the embodiment of the application, the flow of the drilling fluid is controlled, the reversing piece 106 is adjusted to be located at the first position 106a or the second position 106b, the flow direction conversion of the drilling fluid can be controlled, the pipeline is cleaned, the drilling fluid is prevented from eroding the rock core, and the integrity of the rock core is guaranteed.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1, 3 and 4, the mandrel assembly 104 includes a through-bore mandrel 1041, a bearing assembly 1042 and an inner tube fitting 1043. The second flow passage 1041a is formed on the through-hole core 1041; the through-hole spindle 1041 is connected to the second end of the first joint 101 by a bearing assembly 1042 so that the through-hole spindle 1041 does not follow the rotational movement of the first joint 101. The inner pipe joint 1043 has a flow passage 1043c communicating the second flow passage 1041a with the inner cavity of the inner pipe 103, and the inner pipe joint 1043 is detachably connected between the inner pipe 103 and the through-hole core shaft 1041. The rotational movement of the first joint 101 is isolated from the through-hole spindle 1041 by the bearing assembly 1042, i.e. the through-hole spindle 1041 is not affected by the rotational movement of the outer tube 102 and the first joint 101, so the inner tube 103 connected to the through-hole spindle 1041 does not follow the rotational movement of the outer tube 102 and the first joint 101.

In one embodiment, the mandrel assembly 104 further comprises a one-way valve 1045, and the inner tube connector 1043 has a fourth passage 1043d capable of communicating the inner lumen of the inner tube 103 with the first annular space 103 a. A check valve 1045 is disposed in the fourth flow passage 1043d to allow fluid to flow from the inner cavity of the inner tube 103 to the first annular space 103b, and to stop fluid from flowing from the first annular space 103b to the inner cavity of the inner tube 103.

Specifically, the fourth flow passage 1043d has two sections, a first section is communicated with the inner cavity of the inner tube 103, a second section is communicated with the first annular space 103b, the first section and the second section are formed in a step shape, and the diameter of the first section is smaller than that of the second section. The check valve 1045 may be in a shape of a sphere, a hemisphere, a circular truncated cone, or a cylinder, and may be made of stainless steel, plastic, or a high polymer. For example, a steel ball is arranged in the second section, the diameter of the steel ball is larger than that of the first section, the steel ball and the second section are in clearance fit, and the top of the second section is provided with a hole elastic retainer ring 1046 to prevent the steel ball from falling off. When the pressure of the inner cavity of the inner tube 103 is increased, the drilling fluid can jack the steel ball, namely the drilling fluid can flow to the first annular gap 103b from the inner cavity of the inner tube 103, so that the inner tube 103 is prevented from being suppressed, and the core sampling rate is improved. The drilling fluid in the first annular space 103b cannot flow to the inner cavity of the inner tube 103 through the fourth flow passage 1043d, so that the drilling fluid is prevented from eroding the core during coring.

In an embodiment, the mandrel assembly 104 further includes a screw cap 1044, one end of the inner pipe joint 1043 has an external thread, the other end of the inner pipe joint 1043 has a vertical groove 1043a penetrating the end portion and an annular groove 1043b communicating with the vertical groove 1043a, one end of the inner wall of the inner pipe 103 has a protrusion 103a, the inner pipe 103 is sleeved outside the inner pipe joint 1043, the protrusion 103a is pushed along the vertical groove 1043a and screwed into the horizontal groove, and the screw cap 1044 is screwed on the end of the inner pipe joint 1043 having the external thread to compress the inner pipe 103, so that the inner pipe 103 is fixed in the axial direction. The protrusion 103a may be a bump or a bump, etc. Adopt inner tube 103 and inner tube coupling 1043's quick grafting mechanism, compare in traditional threaded connection, increase substantially the assembly and the dismantlement efficiency of inner tube 103, reduce inner tube 103 thickness, reduced the working lip face thickness of drill bit 105, improved and bored the speed, be favorable to increasing three layers of pipe 109 (introduction below) in inner tube 103 simultaneously, realize that the low disturbance draws the rock core, protected the original state of rock core.

In an embodiment, the inner tube 103 and the inner tube adapter 1043 may be connected in a manner that the other end of the inner tube adapter 1043 has an external thread, the inner wall of the inner tube 103 has an internal thread matching with the external thread, and the inner tube 103 and the inner tube adapter 1043 are fixed by screwing. Or the through hole core shaft 1041 may be directly connected to the inner tube 103 without using the inner tube connector 1043, and the connection manner may be screw connection, welding, clamping, or the like. The inner tube connector 1043 may be integrated with the inner tube 103, and the through-hole core shaft 1041 may be inserted into the upper end of the inner tube in use.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and 5, the single action drill 10 further includes a piston 108 and a tri-layer tube 109. The piston 108 has a third flow passage 108a, and the piston 108 is located in the inner tube 103; one end of the triple-layer tube 109 close to the mandrel assembly 104 is connected with the piston 108, the third flow passage 108a is communicated with the inner cavity of the inner tube 103 and the inner cavity of the triple-layer tube 109, and the piston 108 and the triple-layer tube 109 can slide in the inner tube 103. In the process of drilling a unconsolidated formation into the inner tube 103, the unconsolidated formation is easy to accumulate at the inner tube 103 or a clamp spring 111 (described below) due to poor columnar property, so that subsequent cores are difficult to enter the inner tube 103 and are mutually jammed, so that the cores are mutually worn and consumed, and the core sampling rate is influenced; meanwhile, after the drill is lifted, the core is not easy to exit, the core loses the original state form due to knocking out, and the character fidelity can not be realized. The adoption of three layers of pipes in the embodiment of the application is convenient for coring and coring.

For example, when the core is blocked, the extrusion force of the core forces the piston 108 to drive the three-layer pipe 109 to move towards the inner pipe 103, so that the lower blocking area is avoided to a certain extent, the subsequent core can smoothly enter the inner pipe 103, and the blocking removal effect is realized to a certain extent. When coring is completed, the inner tube 102 is removed, and the piston 108 can be pushed directly by a tool, so that the triple-layered tube 109 can be taken out easily and simply. By arranging the sliding three-layer pipe 109, the problem of core blockage caused by the defects of low coaxiality, rough inner wall and the like of the core drill can be effectively solved.

In one embodiment, the triple-layered tube 109 has a single-sided slit to facilitate close contact with the inner wall of the inner tube 103 while ensuring roundness of the triple-layered inner tube 109. The material of the three-layer tube 109 may be polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The smooth finish of the interior of the PVC pipe is high, so that the core can smoothly enter the three-layer pipe 109, and the PVC pipe is low in price and can be directly used as a protective pipe of the core. After the three-layer pipe 109 made of PVC material is taken out, the two ends are directly pressed on the end covers, which is beneficial to the storage and transportation of the core.

In one embodiment, triple layer tube 109 may be a half-pipe structure. The tri-layer tube 109 may also be metal or other material and the lumen may be finished by a coating process.

In an embodiment, a centering ring 113 and a reamer 114 can be further arranged on the inner side of the outer pipe 102, and the inner pipe 103 is sleeved in the centering ring 113 to prevent shaking and ensure the coaxiality of the inner pipe 102 and the outer pipe 102. Underreamer 114 is used to drill underreams.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and 6, the single action drill 10 further includes a catch spring 110, a clamp spring 111, and a clamp spring seat 112. A circlip seat 112 is connected to one end of the inner tube 103 near the drill 105 for fixing the catch spring 110 and the circlip 111. The blocking spring 110 is a plurality of spring leaves which arch towards the inner part of the inner pipe 103 to form a flower basket pocket bottom for blocking and protecting the rock core; the blocking spring 110 has a blocking structure, for example, the blocking spring 110 is shaped like a basket, and the basket is located inside the inner tube 103, and may be shaped like a cage. The clamp spring 111 is located at the lower end of the blocking spring 110, and the taper of the clamp spring 111 can be 4-5 degrees of large taper and is used for cutting off the core.

The upper part of the embodiment of the application adopts a structure of the blocking spring 110, so that the problem that the rock core falls off from the inner pipe 103 under the conditions of gravity and vibration is solved, and particularly the loose particle rock core is solved; the lower part adopts a large-taper snap spring 111 (the taper of the traditional snap spring is small), so that the upper blocking spring 110 can be protected, the loose core can be conveniently clamped under the vibration of the impactor 20, and the loose core is not easy to fall off. By matching the piston 108 and the three-layer pipe 109 of the embodiment, the core extraction rate can be effectively improved.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and 7, the drill 105 has a nozzle 105a, a water tank 105b and a bottom nozzle hole 105 c. The nozzle 105a is located at an end of the drill 105, the water tank 105b communicates with the nozzle 105a, and the bottom nozzle hole 105c is spaced apart from the nozzle 105 a. The bottom jet hole 105c is arranged in the water tank 105b and communicated with the first annular gap 103a, so that the flow direction of drilling fluid at the drill bit 105 is changed, and the erosion of the drilling fluid to an end core at the bottom of the drill bit 105 is greatly reduced. The bottom nozzle hole 105c can be arranged on one side, far away from the water gap 105a, of the water tank 105b, so that the direct flushing of a rock core, the damage to the rock core and the damage to the integrity of the rock core are avoided; but may also be located anywhere within the basin 105b, such as in the middle of the basin 105b, etc. The bottom nozzle hole 105c may be provided in plural, for example, two or three, etc., in the water tank 105 b.

In one embodiment, the end of the drill bit 105 is stepped, and the size of the drill bit 105 increases from the outer portion of the drill bit 105 to the center of the drill bit 105 along the axial direction, which facilitates guiding fast drilling and improves drilling efficiency. The outer surface of the drill bit 105 may also be diamond impregnated to improve the erosion and temperature resistance of the drill bit 105 and speed up the drilling rate.

The embodiment of the application also provides a composite core drill which comprises the single-action drill 10 and the impactor 20 in any one of the embodiments. The composite core drill is used for reducing the probability of core blockage, the impact frequency and the impact function of the impactor 20 are selected according to specific requirements, and the types of the impactor can be a reaction type, a positive action type, a composite action type, a through air type and a combination mode with other technologies. Specifically, the impactor 20 may be an energy storing reaction hydraulic impactor.

Adopt the combined type core drilling tool of constituteing by impacter 20 and single action drilling tool 10 in the embodiment of this application, adaptable in simple and crude, complex environment can solve the great problem of mud viscosity and sand content in engineering investigation simultaneously, utilizes the impact load that impacter 20 applyed, can reduce the rock core and block up the problem.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 8, the impactor 20 includes a housing 201, an anvil sub 202, a ram 203, an energy storage assembly 204, and a second sub 205. The anvil fitting 202 has a fifth flow passage 202a communicating with the first flow passage 101a, and a second end of the anvil fitting 202 is connected with the first end of the housing 201. The ram 203 has a first central passage 203a, the ram 203 is located within the housing 201 and forms a second annular gap 201a with the housing 201, the second annular gap 201a is in communication with the fifth flow passage 202a, and the ram 203 is used to provide an impact force to the anvil fitting 202. An energy storage assembly 204 is located within the housing 201 and is connected to one end of the ram 203 for storing and releasing impact energy to the ram 203. The energy storage assembly 204 has a second central passage 2042a, and the second central passage 2042a communicates with the first central passage 203a and the second annular gap 201a, respectively. A first end of a second connector 205 is positioned within the housing 201 and is coupled to a second end of the housing 201 and to the energy storage assembly 204. The second junction 205 has a sixth passage 205a, the sixth passage 205a connecting through the second central passage 2042 a.

Engineering reconnaissance probing is because the condition is comparatively crude, and on-the-spot mud does not generally establish special solid phase control equipment and handles, and the sand content is great, mud solid phase content and viscosity are all higher, and the conventional downthehole liquid dynamic hammer that can be favorable to the rock core unblock is easily stifled, and environmental suitability is poor, hardly is suitable for, and the principle of current liquid dynamic hammer is mostly efflux or the work of formula principle of penetrating suction simultaneously, can't form efflux and penetrating suction environment under the little pump volume condition of industry reconnaissance probing, and the unable normal work of liquid dynamic hammer. The energy storage type reaction impactor provided by the embodiment of the application does not need to form a jet flow and a jetting and sucking environment, is suitable for coring of a loose and broken stratum with small pump capacity and high solid content, and can effectively improve the rock core taking rate of the loose and broken stratum and improve the drilling efficiency.

In one embodiment, a lower guide sleeve 206 may be provided between the ram 203 and the anvil adapter 202, and the lower guide sleeve 206 may be fixed to the ram 203 or the anvil adapter 202 to guide the ram 203. A recess or cushion or the like may also be provided between the ram 203 and the anvil sub 202 to better receive the ram 203. The shape of the punch 203 may be cylindrical or square, and the material of the punch 203 may be a wear-resistant rigid material, such as stainless steel.

In one embodiment, the side of the ram 203 adjacent to the anvil sub 202 is further provided with a small hole for venting the liquid in the first central channel 203a, controlling the liquid flow in the first central channel 203a, and further controlling the impact frequency and impact energy. The number of the small holes can be more than one, for example, one, two or three, etc., as required.

In one embodiment, energy storage assembly 204 includes connecting sleeve 2041, draft tube 2042, upper guide sleeve 2043, and elastic member 2044. The connecting sleeve 2041 is connected with the impact hammer 203; the draft tube 2042 has an overflowing hole 2042b, a second central passage 2042a is formed on the draft tube 2042, the overflowing hole 2042b communicates the second central passage 2042a with the second annular gap 201a, a part of the fluid in the draft tube 2042 can flow into the second annular gap 201a through the flowing hole 2042b, and the second joint 205 is connected to the second end of the draft tube 2042; the upper guide sleeve 2043 is sleeved outside the drainage tube 2042, a first end is connected with the drainage tube 2042 or connected with the second connector 205, and a second end is connected with the connecting sleeve 2041; the elastic element 2044 is located in the space enclosed by the upper guide sleeve 2043 and the drainage tube 2042, the elastic element 2044 is connected to the drainage tube 2042 and the connecting sleeve 2041, and the connecting sleeve 2041 can be driven to move in the space enclosed by the upper guide sleeve 2043 and the drainage tube 2042.

The elastic member 2044 may be a spring, such as that shown in fig. 8, one end of which is connected to the upper guide sleeve 2043 and the other end of which is connected to the drainage tube 2042. The resilient member 2044 may also be an elastic rubber, for example, with one end attached to the lower guide sleeve 206 and the other end attached to the anvil sub 202.

According to the working principle of the impactor provided by the embodiment of the application, the drilling fluid flows into the drainage tube 2042 from the sixth flow channel 205a of the second connector 205, a part of the drilling fluid flows into the second annular gap 201a through the overflowing hole 2042b, and finally flows to the single-action drilling tool 10 at the lower part through the fifth flow channel 202a, so that the pump is prevented from being held; another part of drilling fluid flows into the first central channel 203a, a fluid pressure difference is caused by a difference in area between the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the hammer 203, the hammer 203 is forced to drive the connecting sleeve 2041 to press the elastic member 2044 of the energy storage assembly 204, the elastic member 2044 stores energy, after the bottom of the hammer 203 leaves the anvil joint 202 for a certain stroke, the hammer 203 continues to move upwards due to inertia, the first central channel 203a is completely opened, the drilling fluid in the first central channel 203a flows out through the fifth flow channel 202a, and the hammer 203 rapidly falls due to the action of gravity and the energy release of the elastic member 2044 to impact the anvil joint 202, so that the impact effect is realized.

According to the embodiment of the application, other solid-phase control tools are not needed, and the hydraulic pressure difference generated by the drilling fluid in the construction site can be utilized to drive the impact hammer 203 to do work; the impactor adopts an energy storage mode, so that the problem that the impactor cannot work due to the fact that jet flow and a jetting and sucking environment cannot be formed under the condition of small pump capacity is solved; the design of the elastic part spring with the energy storage function is longer, the single-coil stress deformation of the spring is smaller under the mechanical condition of the same compression amount, and the service life of the spring is prolonged.

The use of the composite core drill according to embodiments of the present application in loose fractured formations is illustrated below.

1. Construction tool

1 adaptive drilling machine and 1 water pump are selected and provided with a horizontal drilling rig, the length of a phi 50 drill rod is selected and matched according to the drilling depth, 1 set of mud (drilling fluid) stirring and purifying equipment and 2 sets of a phi 110 composite core drilling tool are selected and provided.

2. Installation drilling machine

The stress of the drilling machine is in the horizontal direction, in order to prevent the drilling machine from shaking forwards and backwards and leftwards and rightwards, foundation bolts are embedded according to the foundation of the drilling machine, the ground, the machine bench and the drilling machine are integrated, and the drilling machine is located on the same horizontal plane forwards and backwards by using a horizontal ruler. In order to meet the requirements of horizontal pressurization and drill pulling of a drilling machine in the drilling process, a steel wire rope is used for fastening, fixing and tensioning the drilling machine and mountain rocks, necessary transverse support is made of short square timbers, meanwhile, an embedded steel chisel is also arranged on the ground near one side where the drilling machine operates and serves as an anchoring point, the steel wire rope is used for fastening, fastening and tensioning the drilling machine, and a pulley is fixed on the reverse extension of a drilled hole to meet the requirement of use during drill pulling.

3. Drilling parameters

The hole is opened by a phi 130 alloy drilling tool, a phi 127 casing is put in after the target stratum is reached, and then a phi 110 composite core drilling tool is used, and the grade can be changed according to the stratum condition. The drilling rate of the drill bit 105 is 250 r/min-500 r/min, the washing liquid amount is 60L/min-100L/min, and the bit pressure of the drill bit 105 is 10-15 kN.

4. Selection of drilling fluids

(1) Formula for drilling open hole

a) Treating with bentonite and soda ash for 24 hr, and then adding 0.1% Na-CMC;

b) the soil is treated by local soil (clay with low sand content and good viscosity) and 6 percent of soda ash accounting for 8 to 10 percent of the weight of the clay, or treated by NaOH (before use, tests can be carried out to compare the effects of the soda ash treatment and the treatment). Typically, after 24 hours of hydration, 0.1% Na-CMC is added.

(2) Formulation of rock stratum

a) Treating with bentonite 6 wt% sodium carbonate, adding hydrolyzed polyacrylamide 0.01-0.03 wt% and Na-CMC 0.1-0.2 wt%, and adding certain amount of broad spectrum wall protecting agent or kp copolymer if the stratum is unstable;

b) treating with bentonite 6 wt% soda, adding 0.01-0.05 wt% hydrolyzed polyacrylamide and 1-3 wt% potassium humate. If the stratum is unstable, a certain amount of broad spectrum wall protecting agent or kp copolymer can be added;

c) the bentonite (6 percent of the weight of the soil) is used for soda treatment, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of Na-CMC and 1 to 3 percent of potassium humate are added for treatment, and a certain amount of broad spectrum wall protecting agent or copolymer can be added when the stratum is unstable.

(3) Formulation for rock formations

a) On the basis of the stratum formula above the rock, the content of the potassium humate solution is gradually changed into the content of the bentonite by increasing the potassium humate solution, so that the content of the bentonite reaches 3% -4%, and meanwhile, a certain amount of lubricant or cutting paste is added;

b)3 to 4 percent of bentonite, 6 percent of soda (6 percent of the content of the bentonite, 0.03 to 0.05 percent of hydrolyzed polypropylene tyramine and 1 to 3 percent of potassium humate are added, and then a certain amount of lubricant or cutting paste is added;

c)0.05 to 0.1 percent of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of Na-CMC and a certain amount of lubricating paste or cutting paste.

5. Coring procedure

Step 1, debugging the composite core drilling tool before drilling down according to requirements to meet the drilling down requirement

Step 2, drilling and circulating

(1) When drilling down, the operation is required to be kept stable, and the jerk brake is forbidden;

(2) when the core drill runs into a drill and meets resistance, the core drill is prohibited from scratching holes midway or circulating drilling fluid, and the resistance cannot exceed 30 kN;

(3) when the drilling is carried out to about 1m of the bottom of the well, the single-pump circulating drilling fluid is started, the circulating discharge capacity is determined according to the stratum, the purposes that the bottom of the well can be flushed and the rock core cannot be dispersed are achieved, the general control discharge capacity is less than or equal to 20L/s, and the inner pipe 103 and the bottom of the well are flushed. Observing the rock debris return condition of the vibrating screen, after the well bottom is flushed, lowering a drilling tool, probing the well bottom, measuring and marking;

(4) the pump is slowly started, the displacement is less than or equal to 20L/s, the reversing piece 106 falls off from the fixed seat 107 due to the hydraulic pressure difference between the upper surface and the lower surface, the reversing piece 106 slides down to the diameter-changing section 101a4 to be tightly clamped, the rear channel is tightly blocked to realize sealing, drilling fluid is forced to enter the first annular gap 103a between the inner pipe 103 and the outer pipe 102 from the second drainage channel 101c of the first connector 101, the flow direction conversion of the drilling fluid is realized, meanwhile, the pressure of the inner pipe 103 is increased, the drilling fluid can prop open the check valve 1045 in the inner pipe connector 1043 to be discharged from the through hole, and the pressure holding of the inner pipe 103 is avoided.

(5) When the core drill approaches the bottom of the well, the core drill is slowly lowered while rotating, and is slightly ground for a while after contacting the bottom of the well, and then the core is started.

Step 3, core drilling

(1) The core is noticed at the initial stage of drilling, the core is drilled by about 30-50 cm under light pressure of 10kN, after the core enters the inner tube 103, the core is normally drilled under the condition of 20-40 kN under pressure, the drilling speed is not too high, loose strata are easy to block and grind, and the subsequent core is influenced to enter the inner tube 103. During drilling of the unconsolidated formation, attention should be paid to observing the pump pressure change, the turntable load and the reverse situation of rock debris so as to take measures in time;

(2) the drilling is uniform and stable, the intermittent drilling is prevented, an oil sand layer is kept with the drilling pressure, the drilling speed is kept, the drilling speed is uniform, the diameter of the core is kept consistent, the core smoothly enters the inner pipe 103, the condition that the inner pipe 103 is suppressed is avoided, the core drilling tool is forbidden to be lifted during the drilling, and the sliding drilling and the pause drilling are avoided;

(3) after drilling, the hanging weight should be recovered, so that the core cutting part is levigated to be favorable for cutting off the core.

Step 4, cutting off the rock core

The core is cut off with a circlip 111.

Step 5, pulling out the drill

And (4) stable tripping is required, violent lifting, violent braking and violent stopping are strictly forbidden, and hydraulic tongs are used for tripping.

Step 6, taking out the rock core

(1) After the core drill reaches the hole opening, opening the safety slip, detaching the core drill from the joint of the differential rigid body and the suspension joint, and stringing upper pipes such as the impactor 20 on a drill floor;

(2) the outer tube 102 is dismounted, the screw gland 1044 is unscrewed, the inner tube connector 1043 or the inner tube 103 is rotated to enable the protrusion 103a to be separated from the vertical groove 1043a and the annular groove 1043b, the inner tube 103 is taken out, a tool penetrates through the inner tube 103 to push the piston 108, the three-layer tube 109 is taken out, and end covers are directly pressed on two ends of the three-layer tube 109 for keeping and conveying the core.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present application. All changes, equivalents, modifications and the like which come within the spirit and principle of the application are intended to be embraced therein.

Claims

1. A single action drill, comprising:

2. The single-action drilling tool according to claim 1, wherein the first joint is formed with a first flow guide and a second flow guide, the first flow guide communicating the second flow passage with the first flow passage, the second flow guide communicating the first annulus with the first flow passage;

3. The single-action drilling tool according to claim 2, wherein the first flow passage includes a connecting section, a fixing section, a reversing section and a reducing section, which are formed in a stepped shape in this order, the connecting section being adapted to be connected to the impactor, the fixing section being adapted to mount the reversing member such that the reversing member is in the first position, and the reversing section being adapted to place the reversing member in the second position;

4. The single action drill according to claim 3, further comprising a fixed seat disposed at the fixed section, wherein the direction changing member is engaged with the fixed seat at the first position;

5. The single action drill according to claim 4, wherein the reversing element is in an interference or magnetic engagement with the holder when the reversing element is in the first position.

6. The single action drill of claim 1, further comprising:

7. The single action drilling tool according to claim 6, wherein the material of the triple layer pipe is polyvinyl chloride; and/or the three-layer pipe is provided with a single-side seam along the axial direction.

8. The single action drill of claim 1, wherein the mandrel assembly comprises:

a through-hole mandrel on which the second flow channel is formed;

9. The single action drill according to claim 8, wherein the mandrel assembly further comprises a screw gland, one end of the inner tube joint has external threads, the other end has a vertical groove through the end and a circumferential groove communicating with the vertical groove, one end of the inner wall of the inner tube has a protrusion;

10. The single-action drilling tool according to claim 1, wherein the end of the drill bit has a water port, a water tank communicating with the water port, and a bottom nozzle hole formed in the water tank, the bottom nozzle hole being spaced apart from the water port, the bottom nozzle hole communicating with the first annular space; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the end of the drill bit is stepped, and the size of the drill bit increases from the outer part of the drill bit to the center of the drill bit along the axial direction.

11. The single action drill of claim 1, further comprising:

12. A composite core drill, comprising:

a single action drill according to any one of claims 1 to 11; and

13. The composite core drill of claim 12, wherein the impactor comprises:

a housing;

14. The composite core drill of claim 13, wherein the energy storage assembly comprises:

the connecting sleeve is connected with the impact hammer;