CN113897496B - Vacuum rectification method and device for crude zinc - Google Patents
Vacuum rectification method and device for crude zinc Download PDFInfo
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- CN113897496B CN113897496B CN202111081441.5A CN202111081441A CN113897496B CN 113897496 B CN113897496 B CN 113897496B CN 202111081441 A CN202111081441 A CN 202111081441A CN 113897496 B CN113897496 B CN 113897496B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
- C22B19/32—Refining zinc
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/02—Refining by liquating, filtering, centrifuging, distilling, or supersonic wave action including acoustic waves
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/04—Refining by applying a vacuum
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Abstract
The invention discloses a crude zinc vacuum rectification method and a vacuum rectification device, wherein the crude zinc vacuum rectification method comprises the following steps: introducing the heated crude zinc liquid into a vacuum cavity; evaporating the heated crude zinc liquid in a vacuum cavity to obtain zinc vapor; performing primary condensation on the zinc vapor in a primary condensation area in the vacuum cavity to obtain primary condensate; performing secondary condensation on the zinc vapor in a secondary condensation area in the vacuum cavity to obtain secondary condensate, wherein the temperature of the primary condensation area is higher than that of the secondary condensation area; mixing the primary condensate with the crude zinc liquid in the vacuum cavity, and discharging the secondary condensate from the vacuum cavity; discharging the mixed crude zinc liquid from the vacuum cavity; and heating the crude zinc liquid discharged from the vacuum cavity, and then introducing the heated crude zinc liquid into the vacuum cavity again. The crude zinc vacuum rectification method has the advantages of low cost, high rectification efficiency and good rectification effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crude zinc rectification, in particular to a crude zinc vacuum rectification method and a vacuum rectification device.
Background
The crude zinc refining method mainly comprises a pyrogenic rectification method and a vacuum rectification method. The pyrogenic rectification is mostly carried out by adopting a normal pressure rectification mode, namely, a rectification tower is adopted, the pyrogenic rectification can produce high-purity zinc, the comprehensive recovery is better, the raw material adaptability is wide and flexible, but the furnace body of the rectification tower is complex, and the manufacturing cost is high. The vacuum rectification method in the related art adopts electrodes to heat in a vacuum furnace, the heating mode is single, and the power consumption is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art.
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a crude zinc vacuum rectification method which has the advantages of low cost, high rectification efficiency and good rectification effect.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a vacuum rectification device which has the advantages of simple structure, high rectification efficiency and good rectification effect.
The crude zinc vacuum rectification method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
introducing the heated crude zinc liquid into a vacuum cavity, wherein the absolute pressure of the vacuum cavity is more than or equal to 10Pa and less than or equal to 50KPa;
evaporating the heated crude zinc liquid in the vacuum cavity to obtain zinc vapor, introducing the crude zinc liquid into the vacuum cavity with the mass M1, wherein the mass of the evaporated zinc liquid in the vacuum cavity is M2, and M1 is more than or equal to 10M2 and less than or equal to 100M2;
the zinc vapor is subjected to primary condensation in a primary condensation area in the vacuum cavity to obtain primary condensate;
performing secondary condensation on the zinc vapor in a secondary condensation area in the vacuum cavity to obtain secondary condensate, wherein the temperature of the primary condensation area is higher than that of the secondary condensation area;
the primary condensate is mixed with the crude zinc liquid in the vacuum cavity, and the secondary condensate is discharged from the vacuum cavity;
discharging the mixed crude zinc liquid from the vacuum cavity;
and heating the crude zinc liquid discharged from the vacuum cavity and then introducing the heated crude zinc liquid into the vacuum cavity again.
According to the crude zinc vacuum rectification method provided by the embodiment of the invention, crude zinc liquid is heated outside the vacuum cavity, the crude zinc liquid can be heated in various modes, the dependence on electric energy is reduced, the energy cost is convenient to reduce, zinc vapor evaporated from the crude zinc liquid can be respectively condensed in the primary condensation area and the secondary condensation area, and the temperature of the primary condensation area is higher than that of the secondary condensation area, so that primary condensate and secondary condensate with different boiling points are obtained, and refined zinc and other byproducts can be obtained.
The mass of the crude zinc liquid introduced into the cavity is 10 to 100 times of that of the crude zinc liquid evaporated in the vacuum cavity, so that the temperature in the cavity can be ensured to be favorable for the evaporation of the crude zinc liquid, the overlarge evaporation amount of the crude zinc liquid can be avoided, and the energy loss is reduced.
In addition, the crude zinc vacuum rectification method provided by the embodiment of the invention also mixes the crude zinc liquid evaporated from the crude zinc liquid with the primary condensate liquid, then discharges the mixture from the vacuum cavity, heats the mixture, and then introduces the mixture into the vacuum cavity again, so that the crude zinc liquid is circularly evaporated in the vacuum cavity, and the continuous rectification effect is achieved, and large-scale, mechanical and automatic production is easily realized.
Therefore, the crude zinc vacuum rectification method provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of low cost, high rectification efficiency and good rectification effect.
In some embodiments, the heated crude zinc liquid is introduced into the vacuum cavity by using a liquid inlet pipe,
the mixed crude zinc liquid is discharged from the vacuum cavity through a liquid outlet pipe,
and the crude zinc liquid discharged by the liquid outlet pipe is heated and then is introduced into the vacuum cavity again by the liquid inlet pipe, so that the temperature of the crude zinc liquid in the vacuum cavity is more than or equal to 450 ℃ and less than or equal to 900 ℃.
In some embodiments, the liquid inlet pipe and the liquid outlet pipe are arranged at the bottom of the vacuum chamber, the outlet of the liquid inlet pipe is communicated with the vacuum chamber, the inlet of the liquid outlet pipe is communicated with the vacuum chamber, the inlet of the liquid inlet pipe is communicated with the outlet of the liquid outlet pipe,
and reducing the absolute pressure of the vacuum cavity, and/or reducing the liquid level of the crude zinc liquid near the liquid outlet pipe, and/or increasing the liquid level of the crude zinc liquid near the liquid inlet pipe, so that the crude zinc liquid can enter the vacuum cavity through the liquid inlet pipe.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the vacuum rectification device comprises:
a housing having a cavity;
the exhaust pipe is arranged above the shell, the exhaust pipe is close to one end of the shell in the length direction, a pipe cavity of the exhaust pipe is communicated with the cavity, and the exhaust pipe is suitable for being connected with an exhaust device so that the cavity forms a vacuum cavity;
the liquid inlet pipe is arranged below the shell, a pipe cavity of the liquid inlet pipe is communicated with the cavity so that the alloy melt can enter the cavity through the liquid inlet pipe, and the liquid inlet pipe is adjacent to the other end of the shell in the length direction so that the metal vapor evaporated from the alloy melt can flow in the direction adjacent to the one end of the shell;
the liquid outlet pipe is arranged below the shell, a pipe cavity of the liquid outlet pipe is communicated with the cavity, so that alloy melt in the cavity flows out through the liquid outlet pipe, and the liquid outlet pipe is positioned on one side, adjacent to the other end of the shell, of the liquid inlet pipe;
one end of the circulating pipeline is communicated with the liquid outlet pipe, the other end of the circulating pipeline is communicated with the liquid inlet pipe, and at least part of the circulating pipeline is suitable for being connected with a heating device so as to heat the alloy melt in the circulating pipeline;
the circulating device is used for pumping the alloy melt near the liquid outlet pipe to the position near the liquid inlet pipe, so that the alloy melt in the cavity flows out of the liquid outlet pipe and enters the cavity through the liquid inlet pipe; and
and the liquid discharge pipe is arranged below the shell, a pipe cavity of the liquid discharge pipe is communicated with the cavity, and the liquid discharge pipe is positioned on one side of the liquid inlet pipe, which is adjacent to one end of the shell, so that the metal melt obtained after the metal steam is condensed is discharged through the liquid discharge pipe.
According to the vacuum rectification device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the heating device heats the alloy melt in the circulating pipeline outside the cavity, and the heating device can generate heat in various different modes, so that the alloy melt can be heated in various modes, the dependence on electric energy is reduced, and the energy cost is conveniently reduced; the drain pipe and the exhaust pipe are both adjacent to one end of the shell in the length direction, so that the metal vapor can flow above the drain pipe, and the metal melt obtained after the metal vapor is condensed can be discharged through the drain pipe.
In addition, one end of the circulating pipeline is communicated with the liquid outlet pipe, the other end of the circulating pipeline is communicated with the liquid inlet pipe, and the circulating device can pump alloy melt near the liquid inlet pipe to the liquid outlet pipe, so that the alloy melt in the cavity flows out through the liquid outlet pipe and flows through the circulating pipeline to be heated by the heating device and then enters the cavity through the liquid inlet pipe, the alloy melt can be circularly evaporated in the vacuum cavity, the continuous rectification effect is achieved, and large-scale, mechanical and automatic production is easily achieved.
Therefore, the vacuum rectification device has the advantages of simple structure, high rectification efficiency and good rectification effect.
In some embodiments, the cavity comprises:
the evaporation section is communicated with the liquid outlet pipe and comprises a liquid phase area below and a gas phase area above, so that metal vapor obtained after the alloy melt is evaporated in the liquid phase area of the evaporation section rises to the gas phase area of the evaporation section;
the reflux section is communicated with the liquid inlet pipe and comprises a liquid phase area below and a gas phase area above, so that the metal vapor is condensed in the gas phase area of the reflux section to obtain a liquid phase area of the reflux section to which the metal melt flows back; and
the condensing section is communicated with the liquid discharge pipe and comprises a liquid phase area below and a gas phase area above, so that metal melt obtained after the metal vapor is condensed in the gas phase area of the condensing section flows back to the liquid phase area of the condensing section,
the backflow section is located between the evaporation section and the condensation section in the length direction of the shell, the liquid phase region of the evaporation section is communicated with the liquid phase region of the backflow section, so that alloy melt in the liquid phase region of the backflow section flows to the liquid phase region of the evaporation section, the gas phase region of the evaporation section and the gas phase region of the condensation section are both communicated with the gas phase region of the backflow section, and the gas phase region of the condensation section is communicated with the extraction pipe, so that metal vapor enters the gas phase region of the condensation section from the gas phase region of the evaporation section through the gas phase region of the backflow section.
In some embodiments, the vacuum distillation apparatus further comprises a first partition and a second partition, the liquid discharge pipes comprise a first liquid discharge pipe and a second liquid discharge pipe,
the condensation section comprises a first condensation section and a second condensation section, the first condensation section is communicated with the first liquid discharge pipe, the second condensation section is communicated with the second liquid discharge pipe, the first condensation section comprises a liquid phase area below and a gas phase area above, the second condensation section comprises a liquid phase area below and a gas phase area above, the first condensation section is positioned between the reflux section and the second condensation section in the length direction of the shell, and the gas phase area of the first condensation section is communicated with the gas phase area of the second condensation section,
the first partition being disposed between the first condensing section and the reflux section so as to block a liquid phase region of the first condensing section and a liquid phase region of the reflux section,
the second partition is provided between the first condensing section and the second condensing section so as to block a liquid phase region of the first condensing section and a liquid phase region of the second condensing section.
In some embodiments, the vacuum distillation apparatus further comprises a condensation channel, wherein the condensation channel is provided with a first serpentine cavity, the condensation channel is arranged in a gas phase region at the upper part of the cavity and is positioned at the upper part of the cavity, so that the metal vapor flows along the first serpentine cavity, and the bottom of the first serpentine cavity is communicated with the cavity, so that the metal vapor is condensed and falls back to a liquid phase region at the bottom of the cavity.
In some embodiments, the condensation channel comprises:
one end of the first condensation plate in the length direction is connected with the inner circumferential surface of the shell, a gap is formed between the other end of the first condensation plate in the length direction and the inner circumferential surface of the shell, the length direction of the first condensation plate is parallel to the width direction of the shell, the number of the first condensation plates is multiple, and the multiple first condensation plates are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the shell; and
a plurality of second condensation plates, one end of each second condensation plate in the length direction is connected with the inner circumferential surface of the shell, a gap is arranged between the other end of each second condensation plate in the length direction and the inner circumferential surface of the shell, the length direction of each second condensation plate is parallel to the length direction of the corresponding first condensation plate, the one end of each first condensation plate and the one end of each second condensation plate are oppositely arranged in the width direction of the shell, and the plurality of second condensation plates are arranged at intervals in the length direction of the shell,
the first condensation plates and the second condensation plates are arranged at intervals in sequence, and the first snake-shaped cavities are surrounded by the first condensation plates and the second condensation plates.
In some embodiments, the vacuum rectification apparatus further comprises a condensation pipe, the first condensation plate and the second condensation plate are both provided with the condensation pipe, and the condensation pipe can be filled with cold air or cooling liquid so as to increase the condensation speed of the metal vapor.
In some embodiments, the vacuum rectification apparatus further comprises:
the first flow guide channel is provided with a second snake-shaped cavity, the first flow guide channel is arranged in the liquid phase region of the evaporation section and the liquid phase region of the backflow section so that the alloy melt of the evaporation section and the alloy melt of the backflow section flow along the second snake-shaped cavity, and the upper portion of the second snake-shaped cavity is communicated with the cavity so that the metal vapor is condensed and then falls back to the liquid phase region of the evaporation section and the liquid phase region of the backflow section;
the second flow guide channel is provided with a third snake-shaped cavity, the second flow guide channel is arranged in the liquid phase area of the first condensation section, so that the alloy melt of the first condensation section flows along the third snake-shaped cavity, and the upper part of the third snake-shaped cavity is communicated with the cavity, so that the metal vapor is condensed and falls back to the liquid phase area of the first condensation section; and
the third flow guide channel is provided with a fourth snake-shaped cavity, the third flow guide channel is arranged in the liquid phase area of the second condensation section, so that the alloy melt of the second condensation section flows along the fourth snake-shaped cavity, and the upper portion of the fourth snake-shaped cavity is communicated with the cavity, so that the metal vapor is condensed and then falls back to the liquid phase area of the second condensation section.
In some embodiments, the liquid inlet pipe is provided with a gas inlet, the gas inlet penetrates through the pipe wall of the liquid inlet pipe, the gas inlet is communicated with the pipe cavity of the liquid inlet pipe, and the gas inlet can be connected with a gas source so as to introduce inert gas or reducing gas into the liquid inlet pipe.
In some embodiments, the housing comprises:
a housing; and
the inner liner is arranged on the inner side of the shell and comprises a heat preservation part and a heat dissipation part, the evaporation section and the backflow section are enclosed by the inner surface of the heat preservation part, and the condensation section is enclosed by the inner surface of the heat dissipation part.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the internal structure of a vacuum distillation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 isbase:Sub>A sectional viewbase:Sub>A-base:Sub>A of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along line B-B of fig. 1.
Reference numerals:
a vacuum rectification apparatus 100;
a housing 1; a housing 101; a liner 102; a heat retention section 1021; a heat dissipation portion 1022;
an evaporation section 10; a first gas phase zone 11; a first liquid phase region 12;
a reflux section 20; a second gas phase zone 21; a second liquid-phase region 22;
a first condenser section 30; a third gas phase zone 31; a third liquid phase region 32;
a second condensation section 40; a fourth gas phase region 41; a fourth liquid phase region 42;
an exhaust pipe 2; a liquid inlet pipe 3; an air inlet 301; a liquid outlet pipe 4; a first drain pipe 51; a second drain pipe 52;
a circulation line 60; a first zinc bath 61; a second zinc bath 62; a third zinc bath 63; a fourth zinc bath 64;
the first condensation plate 71; a second cold plate 72;
a first baffle 73; a second baffle 74; a third baffle 75; a fourth baffle 76; a fifth baffle 77; a sixth baffle 78;
a first partition plate 81; and a second partition 82.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
A vacuum rectification apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a vacuum rectification apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a casing 1, an exhaust pipe 2, a liquid inlet pipe 3, a liquid outlet pipe 4, a circulation pipe 60, a circulation device, and a liquid discharge pipe. The liquid inlet pipe 3, the liquid outlet pipe 4 and the liquid discharge pipe are all made of heat-resistant steel pipes, or made of common steel pipes with heat-resistant inner sides on the inner sides, or made of other heat-resistant materials.
As shown in fig. 1, the casing 1 has a cavity, the exhaust tube 2 is disposed above the casing 1, the exhaust tube 2 is adjacent to one end (such as the left end of the casing 1 in fig. 1) of the casing 1 in the length direction, the lumen of the exhaust tube 2 is communicated with the cavity, and the exhaust tube 2 is suitable for being connected with an exhaust device so that the cavity forms a vacuum cavity. Specifically, the air extracting device extracts air in the cavity, so that the absolute pressure in the vacuum cavity is greater than or equal to 10Pa and less than or equal to 50KPa.
The liquid inlet pipe 3 is arranged below the shell 1, a pipe cavity of the liquid inlet pipe 3 is communicated with the cavity, so that the alloy melt enters the cavity through the liquid inlet pipe 3, and the liquid inlet pipe 3 is adjacent to the other end (such as the right end of the shell 1 in the figure 1) in the length direction (such as the left-right direction in the figure 1) of the shell 1, so that the metal vapor evaporated from the alloy melt flows in the direction adjacent to one end of the shell 1. That is to say, the alloy melt enters the cavity from the liquid inlet pipe 3 and evaporates on the right side of the cavity, and the exhaust pipe 2 is located on the left side of the cavity, so that the metal vapor after the metal melt is evaporated can flow from right to left.
A liquid outlet pipe 4 is arranged below the shell 1, a pipe cavity of the liquid outlet pipe 4 is communicated with the cavity, so that the alloy melt in the cavity flows out through the liquid outlet pipe 4, and the liquid outlet pipe 4 is positioned on one side of the liquid inlet pipe 3, which is adjacent to the other end of the shell 1 (such as the right side of the liquid inlet pipe 3 in fig. 1). Therefore, the alloy melt can enter the cavity from the liquid inlet pipe 3 and flow to the right side and is discharged from the liquid outlet pipe 4, and evaporation of the alloy melt is facilitated.
One end of the circulating pipeline 60 is communicated with the liquid outlet pipe 4, and the other end of the circulating pipeline 60 is communicated with the liquid inlet pipe 3. At least a portion of the circulation pipe 60 is adapted to be connected to a heating device for heating the alloy melt in the circulation pipe 60. Therefore, the alloy melt discharged from the liquid outlet pipe 4 can flow out through the liquid outlet pipe 4, flow through the circulating pipe 60, be heated by the heating device and then enter the cavity through the liquid inlet pipe 3.
The circulating device is used for pumping the alloy melt near the liquid outlet pipe 4 to the position near the liquid inlet pipe 3, so that the alloy melt in the cavity flows out through the liquid outlet pipe 4 and enters the cavity through the liquid inlet pipe 3.
It can be understood that the alloy melt near the liquid outlet pipe 4 is pumped to the position near the liquid inlet pipe 3 by the circulating device from the outside, so that the liquid level height of the alloy melt near the liquid inlet pipe 3 in the cavity is larger than that near the liquid outlet pipe 4, the alloy melt near the liquid inlet pipe 3 flows to the position near the liquid outlet pipe 4, and the alloy melt can circularly flow. In addition, the alloy melt near the liquid outlet pipe 4 is pumped out by the circulating device, flows through the circulating pipeline 60, is heated by the heating device, and then enters the cavity through the liquid inlet pipe 3.
The liquid discharge pipe is arranged below the shell 1, the pipe cavity of the liquid discharge pipe is communicated with the cavity, and the liquid discharge pipe is positioned on one side (such as the left side of the liquid inlet pipe 3 in figure 1) of the liquid inlet pipe 3, which is adjacent to one end of the shell 1, so that metal melt obtained after metal vapor is condensed can be discharged through the liquid discharge pipe.
As shown in fig. 1, the drain pipes include a first drain pipe 51 and a second drain pipe 52, and the first drain pipe 51 and the second drain pipe 52 are arranged at intervals in the length direction of the case 1, so that the metal vapor can be discharged from the first drain pipe 51 and the second drain pipe 52, respectively, after being condensed at portions of the cavity corresponding to the first drain pipe 51 and the second drain pipe 52.
According to the vacuum rectification device 100 of the embodiment of the invention, the heating device heats the alloy melt in the circulating pipeline 60 outside the cavity, and the heating device can generate heat in various different ways, so that the alloy melt can be heated in various ways, the dependence on electric energy is reduced, and the energy cost is conveniently reduced; the drain pipe and the suction pipe 2 are both adjacent to one end of the housing 1 in the longitudinal direction, so that the metal vapor can flow above the drain pipe, and the metal melt obtained after the metal vapor is condensed can be discharged through the drain pipe.
In addition, the alloy melt in the cavity flows out through the liquid outlet pipe 4, flows through the circulating pipeline 60, is heated by the heating device and then enters the cavity through the liquid inlet pipe 3, so that the alloy melt can be circularly evaporated in the vacuum cavity, the effect of continuous rectification is achieved, and large-scale, mechanical and automatic production is easily realized.
Therefore, the vacuum rectification device 100 has the advantages of simple structure, high rectification efficiency and good rectification effect.
In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1, vacuum distillation apparatus 100 of embodiments of the present invention further comprises first 81 and second 82 baffles. The cavity comprises an evaporation section 10, a reflux section 20 and a condensation section.
The evaporation section 10 is communicated with the liquid outlet pipe 4, and the evaporation section 10 comprises a liquid phase area below and a gas phase area above, so that metal vapor obtained after the alloy melt is evaporated in the liquid phase area of the evaporation section 10 rises to the gas phase area of the evaporation section 10.
The reflux section 20 is communicated with the liquid inlet pipe 3, and the reflux section 20 comprises a liquid phase area below and a gas phase area above so that metal melt obtained after metal vapor is condensed in the gas phase area of the reflux section 20 can flow back to the liquid phase area of the reflux section 20.
The condensing section is communicated with the liquid discharge pipe and comprises a liquid phase region below and a gas phase region above, so that metal melt obtained after metal vapor is condensed in the gas phase region of the condensing section flows back to the liquid phase region of the condensing section.
The reflux section 20 is located between the evaporation section 10 and the condensation section in the length direction of the shell 1, the liquid phase region of the evaporation section 10 is communicated with the liquid phase region of the reflux section 20, so that alloy melt in the liquid phase region of the reflux section 20 flows to the liquid phase region of the evaporation section 10, the gas phase region of the evaporation section 10 and the gas phase region of the condensation section are both communicated with the gas phase region of the reflux section 20, and the gas phase region of the condensation section is communicated with the extraction pipe 2, so that metal vapor enters the gas phase region of the condensation section from the gas phase region of the evaporation section 10 through the gas phase region of the reflux section 20.
As shown in fig. 1-3, the condensing section includes a first condensing section 30 and a second condensing section 40. The first condensation section 30 is in communication with a first drain pipe 51 and the second condensation section 40 is in communication with a second drain pipe 52. The first condensation section 30 includes a liquid phase region below and a gas phase region above, the second condensation section 40 includes a liquid phase region below and a gas phase region above, the first condensation section 30 is located between the reflux section 20 and the second condensation section 40 in the length direction of the shell 1, and the gas phase region of the first condensation section 30 is communicated with the gas phase region of the second condensation section 40.
A first partition 81 is provided between the first condensation section 30 and the reflux section 20 to block the liquid phase region of the first condensation section 30 and the liquid phase region of the reflux section 20.
A second partition 82 is provided between the first condensing section 30 and the second condensing section 40 to block a liquid phase region of the first condensing section 30 and a liquid phase region of the second condensing section 40.
Specifically, the vapor phase zone of the evaporation section 10 is a first vapor phase zone 11, the vapor phase zone of the reflux section 20 is a second vapor phase zone 21, the vapor phase zone of the first condensation section 30 is a third vapor phase zone 31, and the vapor phase zone of the second condensation section 40 is a fourth vapor phase zone 41.
The liquid phase region of evaporator section 10 is first liquid phase region 12, the liquid phase region of reflux section 20 is second liquid phase region 22, the liquid phase region of first condenser section 30 is third liquid phase region 32, and the liquid phase region of second condenser section 40 is fourth liquid phase region 42.
The metal vapor obtained after the alloy melt is evaporated in the evaporation section 10 rises to the first gas phase zone 11, and the metal vapor flows through the first gas phase zone 11, the second gas phase zone 21, the third gas phase zone 31 and the fourth gas phase zone 41 in sequence. Specifically, the temperatures of the first gas phase zone 11, the second gas phase zone 21, the third gas phase zone 31, and the fourth gas phase zone 41 are sequentially decreased, and temperature detectors are disposed in the first gas phase zone 11, the second gas phase zone 21, the third gas phase zone 31, and the fourth gas phase zone 41. The metal vapor is primarily condensed in the second vapor phase zone 21, and high boiling point materials (such as lead, iron, etc.) contained in the metal vapor are condensed and fall back into the second liquid phase zone 22 and are mixed with the alloy melt. The metal melt condensed after the metal vapor enters the third vapor phase zone 31 falls back to the third liquid phase zone 32 and can be discharged from the first drain pipe 51. The metal melt condensed after the metal vapor enters the fourth vapor phase zone 41 falls back to the fourth liquid phase zone 42 and can be discharged from the second drain pipe 52. Thus, metal melts of different qualities can be obtained.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the vacuum distillation apparatus 100 of the present invention further includes a condensation channel having a first serpentine cavity, the condensation channel is disposed in the gas phase region of the upper portion of the cavity, the condensation channel is disposed in the upper portion of the cavity so that the metal vapor flows along the first serpentine cavity, and the bottom of the first serpentine cavity is communicated with the cavity so that the metal vapor falls back to the liquid phase region of the bottom of the cavity after being condensed. Specifically, each of the first, second, third, and fourth gas- phase zones 11, 21, 31, and 41 communicates with the first serpentine cavity, so that the metal vapor can fall back to the second, third, and fourth liquid- phase zones 22, 32, and 42 after being condensed in the second, third, and fourth gas- phase zones 21, 31, and 41.
As shown in fig. 2, the condensing passage includes a first condensing plate 71 and a second condensing plate 72. The first and second condensation plates 71 and 72 are each made of at least one of silicon carbide, graphite, and ceramic.
One end of the first condensation plate 71 in the length direction is connected to the inner circumferential surface of the housing 1, the other end of the first condensation plate 71 in the length direction has a gap with the inner circumferential surface of the housing 1, the length direction of the first condensation plate 71 is parallel to the width direction of the housing 1, the number of the first condensation plates 71 is multiple, and the multiple first condensation plates 71 are arranged at intervals in the length direction of the housing 1.
One end of the second condensation plate 72 in the length direction is connected to the inner circumferential surface of the housing 1, a gap is formed between the other end of the second condensation plate 72 in the length direction and the inner circumferential surface of the housing 1, the length direction of the second condensation plate 72 is parallel to the length direction of the first condensation plate 71, one end of the first condensation plate 71 and one end of the second condensation plate 72 are oppositely arranged in the width direction of the housing 1, the number of the second condensation plates 72 is multiple, and the multiple second condensation plates 72 are arranged at intervals in the length direction of the housing 1.
The plurality of first condensation plates 71 and the plurality of second condensation plates 72 are sequentially arranged at intervals, and the plurality of first condensation plates 71 and the plurality of second condensation plates 72 enclose a first snake-shaped cavity. That is, one second condensation plate 72 is disposed between two adjacent first condensation plates 71, and one first condensation plate 71 is disposed between two adjacent second condensation plates 72.
It is understood that the first and second condensation plates 71, 72 may be porous plates or may be non-porous plates. When the first and second condensation plates 71 and 72 are porous plates, the first condensation plate 71 has a plurality of first through holes whose axial directions are parallel to the longitudinal direction of the housing 1, and the second condensation plate 72 has a plurality of second through holes whose axial directions are parallel to the longitudinal direction of the housing 1. The flow rate and the condensation efficiency of the metal vapor can be improved.
In some embodiments, the vacuum rectification apparatus 100 of the embodiment of the present invention further includes a condensation pipe, and the first condensation plate 71 and the second condensation plate 72 are provided with the condensation pipe. The condenser pipes can be arranged on the surfaces of the first condensing plate 71 and the second condensing plate 72 and also can be arranged inside the first condensing plate 71 and the second condensing plate 72, and can be specifically arranged according to actual working conditions. The condenser pipe can let in cold wind or coolant liquid, consequently can improve the condensation rate of metal vapour.
In some embodiments, as depicted in fig. 1 and 3, the vacuum rectification apparatus 100 of embodiments of the present invention further includes a first diversion channel, a second diversion channel, and a third diversion channel.
The first flow guide channel is provided with a second snake-shaped cavity, the first flow guide channel is arranged in the liquid phase region of the evaporation section 10 and the liquid phase region of the backflow section 20, so that the alloy melt of the evaporation section 10 and the alloy melt of the backflow section 20 flow along the second snake-shaped cavity, and the upper portion of the second snake-shaped cavity is communicated with the cavity, so that the metal vapor is condensed and falls back to the liquid phase region of the evaporation section 10 and the liquid phase region of the backflow section 20.
The second flow guide channel is provided with a third snake-shaped cavity, the second flow guide channel is arranged in the liquid phase area of the first condensation section 30, so that the alloy melt of the first condensation section 30 flows along the third snake-shaped cavity, and the upper part of the third snake-shaped cavity is communicated with the cavity, so that the metal vapor is condensed and falls back to the liquid phase area of the first condensation section 30.
The third flow guide channel is provided with a fourth snake-shaped cavity, the third flow guide channel is arranged in the liquid phase region of the second condensation section 40, so that the alloy melt of the second condensation section 40 flows along the fourth snake-shaped cavity, and the upper part of the fourth snake-shaped cavity is communicated with the cavity, so that the metal vapor is condensed and falls back to the liquid phase region of the second condensation section 40.
As shown in fig. 2, the first flow guide channel comprises a first flow guide plate 73 and a second flow guide plate 74, the second flow guide channel comprises a third flow guide plate 75 and a fourth flow guide plate 76, and the third flow guide channel comprises a fifth flow guide plate 77 and a sixth flow guide plate 78.
One end of the first flow guide plate 73 in the length direction is connected with the inner circumferential surface of the housing 1, a gap is formed between the other end of the first flow guide plate 73 in the length direction and the inner circumferential surface of the housing 1, the length direction of the first flow guide plate 73 is parallel to the width direction of the housing 1, the number of the first flow guide plates 73 is multiple, and the multiple first flow guide plates 73 are arranged at intervals in the length direction of the housing 1.
One end of the second guide plate 74 in the length direction is connected with the inner circumferential surface of the housing 1, a gap is formed between the other end of the second guide plate 74 in the length direction and the inner circumferential surface of the housing 1, the length direction of the second guide plate 74 is parallel to the length direction of the first guide plate 73, one end of the first guide plate 73 and one end of the second guide plate 74 are oppositely arranged in the width direction of the housing 1, the number of the second guide plates 74 is multiple, and the second guide plates 74 are arranged at intervals in the length direction of the housing 1.
The plurality of first guide plates 73 and the plurality of second guide plates 74 are arranged at intervals in sequence, and the plurality of first guide plates 73 and the plurality of second guide plates 74 enclose a second snake-shaped cavity. That is, a second baffle 74 is disposed between two adjacent first baffles 73, and a first baffle 73 is disposed between two adjacent second baffles 74.
One end of the third flow guide plate 75 in the length direction is connected to the inner circumferential surface of the casing 1, a gap is provided between the other end of the third flow guide plate 75 in the length direction and the inner circumferential surface of the casing 1, the length direction of the third flow guide plate 75 is parallel to the width direction of the casing 1, the number of the third flow guide plates 75 is multiple, and the multiple third flow guide plates 75 are arranged at intervals in the length direction of the casing 1.
One end of the fourth guide plate 76 in the length direction is connected with the inner circumferential surface of the housing 1, a gap is formed between the other end of the fourth guide plate 76 in the length direction and the inner circumferential surface of the housing 1, the length direction of the fourth guide plate 76 is parallel to the length direction of the third guide plate 75, one end of the third guide plate 75 and one end of the fourth guide plate 76 are oppositely arranged in the width direction of the housing 1, the number of the fourth guide plates 76 is multiple, and the fourth guide plates 76 are arranged at intervals in the length direction of the housing 1.
The plurality of third deflectors 75 and the plurality of fourth deflectors 76 are sequentially arranged at intervals, and the plurality of third deflectors 75 and the plurality of fourth deflectors 76 enclose a second snake-shaped cavity. That is, a fourth baffle 76 is disposed between two adjacent third baffles 75, and a third baffle 75 is disposed between two adjacent fourth baffles 76.
One end of the fifth guide plate 77 in the length direction is connected to the inner circumferential surface of the casing 1, a gap is provided between the other end of the fifth guide plate 77 in the length direction and the inner circumferential surface of the casing 1, the length direction of the fifth guide plate 77 is parallel to the width direction of the casing 1, the number of the fifth guide plates 77 is plural, and the plural fifth guide plates 77 are arranged at intervals in the length direction of the casing 1.
One end of the sixth guide plate 78 in the length direction is connected with the inner circumferential surface of the housing 1, a gap is formed between the other end of the sixth guide plate 78 in the length direction and the inner circumferential surface of the housing 1, the length direction of the sixth guide plate 78 is parallel to the length direction of the fifth guide plate 77, one end of the fifth guide plate 77 and one end of the sixth guide plate 78 are oppositely arranged in the width direction of the housing 1, the number of the sixth guide plates 78 is multiple, and the sixth guide plates 78 are arranged at intervals in the length direction of the housing 1.
The plurality of fifth baffles 77 and the plurality of sixth baffles 78 are sequentially arranged at intervals, and the plurality of first baffles 73 and the plurality of second baffles 74 enclose a second serpentine cavity. That is, a sixth baffle 78 is disposed between two adjacent fifth baffles 77, and a fifth baffle 77 is disposed between two adjacent sixth baffles 78.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, the liquid inlet pipe 3 is provided with a gas inlet 301, the gas inlet 301 penetrates through a pipe wall of the liquid inlet pipe 3, the gas inlet 301 is communicated with a pipe cavity of the liquid inlet pipe 3, and the gas inlet 301 can be connected to a gas source so as to introduce an inert gas or a reducing gas into the liquid inlet pipe 3. The gas inlet 301 is close to the upper end of the liquid inlet pipe 3, so that the alloy melt can be driven to flow into the cavity when the gas source introduces gas into the gas inlet 301. It will be appreciated that the air inlet 301 may be a circumferential seam, a nozzle, or other structure capable of communicating with the lumen of the air inlet tube.
In some embodiments, the housing 1 includes an outer shell 101 and an inner liner 102. The lining 102 is provided inside the casing 101, the lining 102 includes a heat insulating part 1021 and a heat dissipating part 1022, the heat insulating part 1021 is made of a heat insulating and heat resistant material, and the heat dissipating part 1022 is made of a heat conductive and heat resistant material. The inner surface of the heat preservation part 1021 is enclosed to form an evaporation section 10 and a reflux section 20, and the inner surface of the heat dissipation part 1022 is enclosed to form a condensation section. Thereby facilitating the evaporation of the alloy melt in the evaporation section 10 and the return section 20 and the condensation of the metal vapor in the condensation section.
In some embodiments, the vacuum rectification apparatus 100 of the present embodiments further comprises a first zinc liquid pool 61, a second zinc liquid pool 62, a third zinc liquid pool 63, and a fourth zinc liquid pool 64. The first zinc liquid pool 61 contains metal melt, and the lower end of the liquid inlet pipe 3 is immersed in the metal melt in the first zinc liquid pool 61. The second zinc liquid pool 62 contains the metal melt, and the lower end of the liquid outlet pipe 4 is immersed in the metal melt in the second zinc liquid pool 62. The third molten zinc bath 63 contains molten metal, and the lower end of the first drain pipe 51 is immersed in the molten metal in the third molten zinc bath 63. The fourth molten zinc bath 64 contains molten metal and the lower end of the second drain 52 is immersed in the molten metal in the fourth molten zinc bath 64.
Therefore, the first zinc liquid pool 61, the second zinc liquid pool 62, the third zinc liquid pool 63 and the fourth zinc liquid pool 64 can respectively perform liquid sealing on the liquid inlet pipe 3, the liquid outlet pipe 4, the first liquid discharge pipe 51 and the second liquid discharge pipe 52, so as to prevent air from entering the liquid inlet pipe 3, the liquid outlet pipe 4, the first liquid discharge pipe 51 and the second liquid discharge pipe 52.
It is understood that when the cavity of the housing 1 is evacuated by the pumping tube 2, the metal melt in the first zinc liquid pool 61, the second zinc liquid pool 62, the third zinc liquid pool 63 and the fourth zinc liquid pool 64 can also enter the first liquid phase region 12, the second liquid phase region 22, the third liquid phase region 32 and the fourth liquid phase region 42 through the liquid inlet tube 3, the liquid outlet tube 4, the first liquid outlet tube 51 and the second liquid outlet tube 52, respectively. The sum of the liquid pressures at the bottom of the first liquid phase region 12, second liquid phase region 22, third liquid phase region 32 and fourth liquid phase region 42 and the pressure within the cavity can be equalized with atmospheric pressure during evacuation of the cavity.
The crude zinc vacuum rectification method of the embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The crude zinc vacuum rectification method of the embodiment of the invention is implemented by using the vacuum rectification device 100.
The crude zinc vacuum rectification method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
introducing the heated crude zinc liquid into a vacuum cavity, wherein the absolute pressure of the vacuum cavity is more than or equal to 10Pa and less than or equal to 50KPa;
evaporating the heated crude zinc liquid in a vacuum cavity to obtain zinc vapor, introducing the crude zinc liquid into the vacuum cavity with the mass M1, wherein the mass of the zinc liquid evaporated in the vacuum cavity is M2, and the mass of the zinc liquid is more than or equal to 10M2 and less than or equal to M1 and less than or equal to 100M2;
performing primary condensation on the zinc vapor in a primary condensation area in the vacuum cavity to obtain primary condensate;
performing secondary condensation on the zinc vapor in a secondary condensation area in the vacuum cavity to obtain secondary condensate, wherein the temperature of the primary condensation area is higher than that of the secondary condensation area;
mixing the primary condensate with the crude zinc liquid in the vacuum cavity, and discharging the secondary condensate from the vacuum cavity;
discharging the mixed crude zinc liquid from the vacuum cavity;
and heating the crude zinc liquid discharged from the vacuum cavity, and then introducing the heated crude zinc liquid into the vacuum cavity again.
According to the crude zinc vacuum rectification method provided by the embodiment of the invention, crude zinc liquid is heated outside the vacuum cavity, the crude zinc liquid can be heated in various modes, the dependence on electric energy is reduced, the energy cost is convenient to reduce, zinc vapor evaporated from the crude zinc liquid can be respectively condensed in the primary condensation area and the secondary condensation area, and the temperature of the primary condensation area is higher than that of the secondary condensation area, so that primary condensate and secondary condensate with different boiling points are obtained, and refined zinc and other byproducts can be obtained.
It is understood that the primary condensation zone is the second gas phase zone 21 of the vacuum distillation apparatus 100 and the secondary condensation zone is the third gas phase zone 31 and the fourth gas phase zone 41 of the vacuum distillation apparatus 100.
The quality of the crude zinc liquid introduced into the cavity is 10-100 times of the quality of the crude zinc liquid evaporated in the vacuum cavity, so that the temperature in the cavity can be ensured to be favorable for the evaporation of the crude zinc liquid, the overlarge evaporation amount of the crude zinc liquid can be avoided, and the energy loss is reduced.
In addition, the crude zinc vacuum rectification method provided by the embodiment of the invention also mixes the crude zinc liquid evaporated from the crude zinc liquid with the primary condensate liquid, then discharges the mixture from the vacuum cavity, heats the mixture, and then introduces the mixture into the vacuum cavity again, so that the crude zinc liquid is circularly evaporated in the vacuum cavity, and the continuous rectification effect is achieved, and large-scale, mechanical and automatic production is easily realized.
Therefore, the crude zinc vacuum rectification method provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of low cost, high rectification efficiency and good rectification effect.
In some embodiments, the heated crude zinc liquid is introduced into the vacuum chamber by using the liquid inlet pipe 3. It can be understood that the pressure in the vacuum chamber is lower than the external pressure, and the heated crude zinc liquid can enter the vacuum chamber through the liquid inlet pipe 3 under the driving of the external pressure.
The mixed crude zinc liquid is discharged from the vacuum cavity through a liquid outlet pipe 4. It will be understood that the mixed crude zinc bath flows from the return section to the evaporation section and evaporates during the flow and is then discharged from the vacuum chamber through the outlet pipe 4
The crude zinc liquid discharged from the liquid outlet pipe 4 is heated and then is introduced into the vacuum cavity again through the liquid inlet pipe 3, so that the temperature of the crude zinc liquid in the vacuum cavity is more than or equal to 450 ℃ and less than or equal to 900 ℃.
In some embodiments, the crude zinc vacuum distillation method according to the embodiments of the present invention arranges the liquid inlet pipe 3 and the liquid outlet pipe 4 at the bottom of the vacuum chamber, and the outlet of the liquid inlet pipe 3 is communicated with the vacuum chamber, the inlet of the liquid outlet pipe 4 is communicated with the vacuum chamber, the inlet of the liquid inlet pipe 3 is communicated with the outlet of the liquid outlet pipe 4,
the absolute pressure of the vacuum cavity is reduced, and/or the liquid level of the crude zinc liquid near the liquid outlet pipe 4 is reduced, and/or the liquid level of the crude zinc liquid near the liquid inlet pipe 3 is increased, so that the crude zinc liquid enters the vacuum cavity through the liquid inlet pipe 3.
According to the crude zinc vacuum rectification method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the liquid level height of the crude zinc liquid near the liquid outlet pipe 4 is smaller than that near the liquid inlet pipe 3, so that the alloy melt near the liquid inlet pipe 3 flows to the vicinity of the liquid outlet pipe 4, and the alloy melt can flow circularly.
Specifically, according to the crude zinc vacuum rectification method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the circulating device is utilized to draw the crude zinc liquid near the liquid outlet pipe 4 to the vicinity of the liquid inlet pipe 3 from the outside, so that the liquid level height of the crude zinc liquid near the liquid inlet pipe 3 in the cavity is larger than that near the liquid outlet pipe 4, the crude zinc liquid near the liquid inlet pipe 3 flows to the vicinity of the liquid outlet pipe 4, and the crude zinc liquid can flow circularly. In addition, the circulating device extracts crude zinc liquid near the liquid outlet pipe 4, flows through the circulating pipeline 60, is heated by the heating device, and then enters the cavity through the liquid inlet pipe 3.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or to implicitly indicate the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically coupled, may be electrically coupled or may be in communication with each other; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be interconnected within two elements or in a relationship where two elements interact with each other unless otherwise specifically limited. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "above," and "over" a second feature may be directly on or obliquely above the second feature, or simply mean that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the present disclosure, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" and the like mean that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. The vacuum rectification method of the crude zinc is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
heating the crude zinc liquid outside a vacuum cavity, and introducing the heated crude zinc liquid into the vacuum cavity, wherein the absolute pressure of the vacuum cavity is more than or equal to 10Pa and less than or equal to 50KPa;
evaporating the heated crude zinc liquid in the vacuum cavity to obtain zinc vapor, introducing the crude zinc liquid into the vacuum cavity with the mass of M1, wherein the mass of the evaporated zinc liquid in the vacuum cavity is M2, and M1 is more than or equal to 10M2 and less than or equal to 100M2;
the zinc vapor is subjected to primary condensation in a primary condensation area in the vacuum cavity to obtain primary condensate;
performing secondary condensation on the zinc vapor in a secondary condensation area in the vacuum cavity to obtain secondary condensate, wherein the temperature of the primary condensation area is higher than that of the secondary condensation area;
the primary condensate is mixed with the crude zinc liquid in the vacuum cavity, and the secondary condensate is discharged from the vacuum cavity;
discharging the mixed crude zinc liquid from the vacuum cavity;
and heating the crude zinc liquid discharged from the vacuum cavity and then introducing the heated crude zinc liquid into the vacuum cavity again.
2. The crude zinc vacuum rectification method according to claim 1, characterized in that the heated crude zinc liquid is introduced into the vacuum cavity by a liquid inlet pipe,
the mixed crude zinc liquid is discharged from the vacuum cavity through a liquid outlet pipe,
and the crude zinc liquid discharged by the liquid outlet pipe is heated and then is introduced into the vacuum cavity again by the liquid inlet pipe, so that the temperature of the crude zinc liquid in the vacuum cavity is more than or equal to 450 ℃ and less than or equal to 900 ℃.
3. The crude zinc vacuum distillation method according to claim 2, wherein the liquid inlet pipe and the liquid outlet pipe are arranged at the bottom of the vacuum chamber, the outlet of the liquid inlet pipe is communicated with the vacuum chamber, the inlet of the liquid outlet pipe is communicated with the vacuum chamber, the inlet of the liquid inlet pipe is communicated with the outlet of the liquid outlet pipe,
and reducing the absolute pressure of the vacuum cavity, and/or reducing the liquid level height of the crude zinc liquid near the liquid outlet pipe, and/or increasing the liquid level height of the crude zinc liquid near the liquid inlet pipe, so that the crude zinc liquid enters the vacuum cavity through the liquid inlet pipe.
4. A vacuum rectification apparatus, comprising:
a housing having a cavity;
the exhaust pipe is arranged above the shell, the exhaust pipe is close to one end of the shell in the length direction, a pipe cavity of the exhaust pipe is communicated with the cavity, and the exhaust pipe is suitable for being connected with an exhaust device so that the cavity forms a vacuum cavity;
the liquid inlet pipe is arranged below the shell, a pipe cavity of the liquid inlet pipe is communicated with the cavity so that the alloy melt can enter the cavity through the liquid inlet pipe, and the liquid inlet pipe is adjacent to the other end of the shell in the length direction so that the metal vapor evaporated from the alloy melt can flow in the direction adjacent to the one end of the shell;
the liquid outlet pipe is arranged below the shell, a pipe cavity of the liquid outlet pipe is communicated with the cavity, so that alloy melt in the cavity flows out through the liquid outlet pipe, and the liquid outlet pipe is positioned on one side, adjacent to the other end of the shell, of the liquid inlet pipe;
one end of the circulating pipeline is communicated with the liquid outlet pipe, the other end of the circulating pipeline is communicated with the liquid inlet pipe, and at least part of the circulating pipeline is suitable for being connected with a heating device arranged outside the cavity so as to heat the alloy melt in the circulating pipeline;
the circulating device is used for pumping the alloy melt near the liquid outlet pipe to the position near the liquid inlet pipe so that the alloy melt in the cavity flows out through the liquid outlet pipe and enters the cavity through the liquid inlet pipe; and
and the liquid discharge pipe is arranged below the shell, the pipe cavity of the liquid discharge pipe is communicated with the cavity, and the liquid discharge pipe is positioned on one side of the liquid inlet pipe, which is adjacent to one end of the shell, so that the metal melt obtained after the metal steam is condensed is discharged through the liquid discharge pipe.
5. The vacuum rectification device of claim 4, wherein the cavity comprises:
the evaporation section is communicated with the liquid outlet pipe and comprises a liquid phase area below and a gas phase area above, so that metal vapor obtained after the alloy melt is evaporated in the liquid phase area of the evaporation section rises to the gas phase area of the evaporation section;
the reflux section is communicated with the liquid inlet pipe and comprises a liquid phase area below and a gas phase area above, so that the metal vapor is condensed in the gas phase area of the reflux section to obtain a liquid phase area of the reflux section to which the metal melt flows back; and
the condensing section is communicated with the liquid discharge pipe and comprises a liquid phase area below and a gas phase area above, so that metal melt obtained after the metal vapor is condensed in the gas phase area of the condensing section flows back to the liquid phase area of the condensing section,
the backflow section is located between the evaporation section and the condensation section in the length direction of the shell, the liquid phase region of the evaporation section is communicated with the liquid phase region of the backflow section, so that alloy melt in the liquid phase region of the backflow section flows to the liquid phase region of the evaporation section, the gas phase region of the evaporation section and the gas phase region of the condensation section are both communicated with the gas phase region of the backflow section, and the gas phase region of the condensation section is communicated with the extraction pipe, so that metal vapor enters the gas phase region of the condensation section from the gas phase region of the evaporation section through the gas phase region of the backflow section.
6. The vacuum rectification apparatus of claim 5 further comprising a first partition and a second partition, wherein the liquid discharge pipe comprises a first liquid discharge pipe and a second liquid discharge pipe,
the condensation section comprises a first condensation section and a second condensation section, the first condensation section is communicated with the first liquid discharge pipe, the second condensation section is communicated with the second liquid discharge pipe, the first condensation section comprises a lower liquid phase area and an upper gas phase area, the second condensation section comprises a lower liquid phase area and an upper gas phase area, the first condensation section is positioned between the reflux section and the second condensation section in the length direction of the shell, and the gas phase area of the first condensation section is communicated with the gas phase area of the second condensation section,
the first partition being disposed between the first condensing section and the reflux section so as to block a liquid phase region of the first condensing section and a liquid phase region of the reflux section,
the second partition is provided between the first condensing section and the second condensing section so as to block a liquid phase region of the first condensing section and a liquid phase region of the second condensing section.
7. The vacuum rectification device of claim 6 further comprising a condensing channel having a first serpentine cavity, wherein the condensing channel is disposed in a gas phase region at an upper portion of the cavity and is located at the upper portion of the cavity so that the metal vapor flows along the first serpentine cavity, and a bottom of the first serpentine cavity is in communication with the cavity so that the metal vapor is condensed and falls back to a liquid phase region at the bottom of the cavity.
8. The vacuum rectification apparatus of claim 7, wherein the condensation channel comprises:
the first condensation plate is provided with a gap between the other end in the length direction of the first condensation plate and the inner circumferential surface of the shell, the length direction of the first condensation plate is parallel to the width direction of the shell, the first condensation plates are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the shell; and
a plurality of second condensation plates, one end of each second condensation plate in the length direction is connected with the inner circumferential surface of the shell, a gap is arranged between the other end of each second condensation plate in the length direction and the inner circumferential surface of the shell, the length direction of each second condensation plate is parallel to the length direction of the corresponding first condensation plate, the one end of each first condensation plate and the one end of each second condensation plate are oppositely arranged in the width direction of the shell, and the plurality of second condensation plates are arranged at intervals in the length direction of the shell,
the first condensation plates and the second condensation plates are arranged at intervals in sequence, and the first condensation plates and the second condensation plates enclose the first snake-shaped cavity.
9. The vacuum rectification device according to claim 8, further comprising a condensation pipe, wherein the condensation pipe is arranged on each of the first condensation plate and the second condensation plate, and the condensation pipe can be filled with cold air or cooling liquid so as to increase the condensation speed of the metal vapor.
10. The vacuum rectification apparatus of claim 6, further comprising:
the first flow guide channel is provided with a second snake-shaped cavity, the first flow guide channel is arranged in the liquid phase region of the evaporation section and the liquid phase region of the backflow section so that the alloy melt of the evaporation section and the alloy melt of the backflow section flow along the second snake-shaped cavity, and the upper portion of the second snake-shaped cavity is communicated with the cavity so that the metal vapor is condensed and then falls back to the liquid phase region of the evaporation section and the liquid phase region of the backflow section;
the second flow guide channel is provided with a third snake-shaped cavity, the second flow guide channel is arranged in the liquid phase region of the first condensation section, so that the alloy melt of the first condensation section flows along the third snake-shaped cavity, and the upper part of the third snake-shaped cavity is communicated with the cavity, so that the metal vapor is condensed and then falls back to the liquid phase region of the first condensation section; and
and the third flow guide channel is provided with a fourth snake-shaped cavity, the third flow guide channel is arranged in the liquid phase region of the second condensation section so that the alloy melt of the second condensation section flows along the fourth snake-shaped cavity, and the upper part of the fourth snake-shaped cavity is communicated with the cavity so that the metal vapor is condensed and then falls back to the liquid phase region of the second condensation section.
11. The vacuum rectification device as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 10, wherein the liquid inlet pipe is provided with a gas inlet, the gas inlet penetrates through the pipe wall of the liquid inlet pipe, the gas inlet is communicated with the pipe cavity of the liquid inlet pipe, and the gas inlet can be connected with a gas source so as to introduce inert gas or reducing gas into the liquid inlet pipe.
12. The vacuum rectification apparatus of any one of claims 5 to 10, wherein the housing comprises:
a housing; and
the inner liner is arranged on the inner side of the shell and comprises a heat preservation part and a heat dissipation part, the evaporation section and the backflow section are enclosed by the inner surface of the heat preservation part, and the condensation section is enclosed by the inner surface of the heat dissipation part.
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| CN111041228A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-21 | 株洲三特环保节能股份有限公司 | Method and equipment for integrated refining of crude zinc |
| CN111926194A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-11-13 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Method and system for condensing metal vapor |
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| CN1055396A (en) * | 1991-03-19 | 1991-10-16 | 昆明工学院 | Vacuum distillation zinc extraction method of hot galvanizing residue |
| JPH10121160A (en) * | 1996-10-16 | 1998-05-12 | Dowa Mining Co Ltd | Production of high-purity zinc and production device |
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