CN113896724A - 基于苯并噻二唑-芘并咪唑的有机红光小分子及其在制备非掺杂有机电致发光器件中的应用 - Google Patents
基于苯并噻二唑-芘并咪唑的有机红光小分子及其在制备非掺杂有机电致发光器件中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种基于苯并噻二唑‑芘并咪唑的有机红光小分子材料及其在制备非掺杂有机电致发光器件中的应用,属于有机光电材料技术领域。本发明在刚性结构苯并噻二唑一边结合具有双极性传输的芘并咪唑材料,有利于载流子的传输平衡,同时芘并咪唑材料具有刚性的大的π平面,具有高的荧光量子产率,将二者结合可以同时实现高的固态发光效率和高的激子利用率。再在苯并噻二唑的另一边引入强的给体,使其电荷转移增强,实现红光发射,从而实现高效非掺杂红光器件的制备。同时在芘并咪唑的N1位上进一步修饰三苯胺基团,使得分子间的π‑π相互作用得到有效的抑制,进一步制备性能更为优异的非掺杂红光器件。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机光电材料技术领域,具体涉及一类基于苯并噻二唑-芘并咪唑的有机红光小分子材料及其在制备非掺杂有机电致发光器件中的应用。
背景技术
近年来,由于有机发光二极管(OLED)的性能可以与液晶显示器的性能相媲美,已进入主流显示市场,被广泛应用于手机和电视显示屏。OLED具有高对比度、宽视角、快速响应、轻薄、柔性等优点。作为三原色之一,红色电致发光材料与蓝色、绿色电致发光材料相比发展滞后,因此研究高性能的红色电致发光材料是目前OLED领域亟需解决的问题。
高的荧光量子产率(PLQY)是获得高性能的红光OLED的前提,红光材料由于固有的窄带隙,其PLQY普遍较低。除此之外,高的激子利用率也是实现高效率电致发光器件必不可少的条件。近年来,研究热门的磷光材料和热激活延迟荧光(TADF)材料理论上都可以实现100%的激子利用率。但是这两种材料都有各自的缺点,获得满足实际应用要求的高亮度和高稳定性的高效红色发射仍然很困难。磷光材料含有重金属,成本高并且不利于环境保护。除此之外,最重要的问题是大多数磷光和TADF材料在实际应用中当电流密度过高时会出现三线态激子大量累积而出现淬灭的问题,因而在高亮度下的会出现严重的效率滚降。由于上述原因,它们必须被掺杂到合适的高三重态能级的母体材料中,以避免三线态激子浓度过高引起激子湮灭,这使得OLED的制造过程复杂化并且增大了器件生产成本。
除了磷光和TADF材料,“热激子”材料也可以在理论上实现100%的激子利用率,同时由于其通过高能态的反系间穿越利用三线态激子,寿命在纳秒级别,因而不会出现因为三线态激子大量累积而出现激子淬灭,是目前最有希望制备高效率的非掺杂红光器件的机理。苯并噻二唑具有低的最低三线态能级,适合构筑“热激子”材料,芘并咪唑具有高的发光效率和双极性传输性质,将二者相结合可以同时实现高的固态发光效率和高的激子利用率。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一类基于苯并噻二唑-芘并咪唑的有机红光小分子材料及其在制备非掺杂有机电致发光器件中的应用,该有机红光小分子材料是一类基于“热激子”发光机制的高发光效率材料,集高的发光效率、高的激子利用率、良好的热稳定性和优异的电致发光性能于一身。
本发明所述的一类基于苯并噻二唑-芘并咪唑的有机红光小分子材料,其结构式如下所示:
本发明的原理为:苯并噻二唑具有低的最低三线态能级,适合构筑“热激子”材料,可以通过高能态之间的反系间穿越利用三线态激子,纳秒级别的寿命有效克服了高亮度下三线态激子的累积和淬灭问题,实现非掺杂器件的制备。在刚性结构苯并噻二唑一边结合具有双极性传输的芘并咪唑材料,有利于载流子的传输平衡,同时芘并咪唑材料具有刚性的大的π平面,具有高的荧光量子产率。将二者结合可以同时实现高的固态发光效率和高的激子利用率。再在苯并噻二唑的另一边引入强的给体,使其电荷转移增强,实现红光发射,从而实现高效非掺杂红光器件的制备。同时在芘并咪唑的N1位上进一步修饰三苯胺基团,使得分子间的π-π相互作用得到有效的抑制,进一步制备性能更为优异的非掺杂红光器件。本发明的有机红光小分子发光材料及其电致发光器件具有如下的特点:
1、制备方法简单,反应条件温和,制备的目标产物具有优异的的热稳定性和化学稳定性。
2、本发明基于苯并噻二唑-芘并咪唑的衍生物具有合适的能级,有利于载流子的传输和平衡,可作为红光材料应用于有机电致发光领域。
3、本发明的衍生物可以实现高的固态发光效率,基于其制备的器件在高亮度下获得了高的器件效率。
4、本发明的有机小分子适合制备非掺杂红光OLED器件,器件结构更加简单,节约制作成本。
附图说明
图1是P1的热失重曲线;如图1所示,表明P1热分解温度(Td)为515℃,具有比较好的热稳定性,为真空蒸镀制备发光器件提供了基础。
图2是P1的示差扫描量热曲线;如图2所示,表明P1结晶峰(Tc)为246℃,熔点(Tm)为291℃;如此高的结晶和熔点温度保障其在OLED器件工作时的形态学稳定性,可以有效提升器件效率的稳定性和使用寿命。
图3是实施例4制备的P1非掺杂旋涂薄膜的吸收(左侧曲线)和发射光谱(右侧曲线);如图3所示,表明P1吸收主峰分别位于326nm和463nm,发射主峰位于605nm,为红光的发射,可以作为有机红光材料制备电致发光器件。
图4是实施例5制备的非掺杂电致发光器件的亮度-电压-电流密度曲线;表明器件的最大亮度为12071cd m-2,开启电压为3.2V;
图5是实施例5制备的非掺杂电致发光器件的电流效率-亮度-功率效率曲线;表明器件最大的电流效率为8.2cd A-1,最大的功率效率为8.6lm W-1;
图6是实施例5制备的非掺杂电致发光器件在不同电压下的电致发光光谱,光谱主峰位于608nm,电致发光光谱在不同的驱动电压下是稳定的。
图7是实施例5制备的非掺杂电致发光器件的外量子效率曲线;表明器件最大的外量子效率为5.8%;插图为亮度100cd m-2时的电致发光光谱,光谱主峰位于608nm;
图8是实施例6制备的非掺杂电致发光器件的亮度-电压-电流密度曲线,器件的最大亮度为21857cd m-2,开启电压为3.3V;
图9是实施例6制备的非掺杂电致发光器件的电流效率-亮度-功率效率曲线,最大的电流效率为10.7cd A-1,最大的功率效率为9.1lm W-1;
图10是实施例6制备的非掺杂电致发光器件在不同电压下的电致发光光谱,光谱主峰位于612nm,电致发光光谱在不同的驱动电压下是稳定的。
图11是实施例6制备的非掺杂电致发光器件的外量子效率曲线,最大的外量子效率为6.8%;插图为亮度100cd m-2时的电致发光光谱,光谱主峰位于612nm;
图12是实施例7制备的非掺杂电致发光器件的亮度-电压-电流密度曲线,器件的最大亮度为22682cd m-2,开启电压为3.0V;
图13是实施例7制备的非掺杂电致发光器件的电流效率-亮度-功率效率曲线,最大的电流效率为12.6cd A-1,最大的功率效率为5.6lm W-1;
图14是实施例7制备的非掺杂电致发光器件在不同电压下的电致发光光谱,光谱主峰位于608nm,电致发光光谱在不同的驱动电压下是稳定的;
图15是实施例7制备的非掺杂电致发光器件的外量子效率曲线,最大的外量子效率为7.3%;插图为亮度100cd m-2时的电致发光光谱,光谱主峰位于608nm。
具体实施方式
实施例1:本实施例P1的制备,其步骤如下:
M1的合成:500mL圆底烧瓶中,将芘(4g,20.00mmol)、水合三氯化钌(400mg,1.93mmol)、高碘酸钠(20g,93.50mmol)溶于80mL乙腈、80mL二氯和100mL水的混合溶液,30℃回流12小时。用二氯甲烷萃取分液,浓缩得到粗产品,柱层析分离提纯(石油醚:二氯甲烷体积比=1:1,得到橙色固体(1.39g,产率:30%)。质谱MALDI-TOF(m/z)[M+]:测量值为232.54,理论值为232.24。
M2的合成:M2通过一锅法合成,100mL圆底烧瓶中,将M1(2.32g,10.00mmol)、苯胺(3.73g,40.00mmol)、4-溴苯甲醛(1.85,10.00mmol)和醋酸铵(3.85g,50mmol)溶于50mL冰醋酸溶液,120℃加热回流2小时。反应结束后用水淬灭反应,抽滤得到固体,依次用水、冰醋酸、乙醇洗,得到粗产品,柱层析分离提纯(石油醚:二氯甲烷=2:1,得到白色固体(3.79g,产率:80%)。质谱MALDI-TOF(m/z)[M+]:测量值为473.55,理论值为473.37。
M3的合成:将M2(4.73g,10.00mmol),联硼酸频那醇酯(5.06g,20.00mmol),和乙酸钾(2.94g,30mmol)溶于50mL1,4-二氧六环溶液,85℃加热回流48小时。反应结束后用二氯萃取分液,浓缩得到粗产品,柱层析分离提纯(石油醚:二氯甲烷=1:1,得到白色固体(2.08g,产率:40%)。质谱MALDI-TOF(m/z)[M+]:测量值为520.89,理论值为520.44。
M4的合成:100mL圆底烧瓶,将4-硼酸三苯胺(2.18g,7.5mmol),4,7-二溴苯并噻二唑(1.47g,5mmol),碳酸钾(5.53g,40mmol),四(三苯基膦)钯(173.33mg,0.15mmol)溶于20mL蒸馏水和40mL甲苯中,氮气保护下90℃回流24小时。用二氯甲烷萃取分液,浓缩得到粗产品,柱层析分离提纯(石油醚:二氯甲烷=4:1),得到橙红色固体(1.37g,产率:60%)。质谱MALDI-TOF(m/z)[M+]:测量值为458.89,理论值为458.38。
P1的合成:100mL圆底烧瓶,将M3(1.56g,3mmol),M4(1.38g,3mmol),碳酸钾(5.53g,40mmol),四(三苯基膦)钯(173.34mg,0.15mmol)溶于20mL蒸馏水和40mL甲苯中,氮气保护下90℃回流24小时。用二氯甲烷萃取分液,浓缩得到粗产品,柱层析分离提纯(石油醚:二氯甲烷=4:1),得到红色固体(1.85g,产率:80%)。1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-D6)δ(ppm):8.28(d,J=6.0Hz,2H),8.22(t,J=6.1Hz,2H),8.18(d,J=7.1Hz,2H),8.13-8.11(m,2H),8.05(s,2H),7.96(d,J=6.6Hz,2H),7.91(d,J=6.1Hz,2H),7.88(s,1H),7.82-7.78(m,4H),7.73(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),7.47(d,J=6.4Hz,2H),7.36(s,2H),7.24-7.22(m,6H),7.13(d,J=5.1Hz,2H).质谱:MALDI-TOF(m/z)[M+]:测量值为771.98,理论值为771.49;元素分析:C53H33N5S理论值为:C 82.49,H 4.33,N 9.18,S 3.99,测量值为C 82.47,H 4.31,N9.07,S 4.15。
实施例2:本实施例P4的制备,其步骤如下:
M5的合成:将4-溴-4',4”-二甲基三苯胺(3.52g,10.00mmol),联硼酸频那醇酯(5.06g 20.00mmol),和乙酸钾(2.94g,30mmol)溶于50mL1,4-二氧六环溶液,85℃加热回流48小时。反应结束后用二氯萃取分液,浓缩得到粗产品,柱层析分离提纯(石油醚:二氯甲烷=2:1,得到白色固体(3.20g,产率:80%)。质谱MALDI-TOF(m/z)[M+]:测量值为399.56,理论值为399.34。
P4的合成:100mL圆底烧瓶,将M3(1.56g,3mmol),M5(1.20g,3mmol),碳酸钾(5.53g,40mmol),四(三苯基膦)钯(173.34mg,0.15mmol)溶于20mL蒸馏水和40mL甲苯中,氮气保护下90℃回流24小时。用二氯甲烷萃取分液,浓缩得到粗产品,柱层析分离提纯(石油醚:二氯甲烷=4:1),得到红色固体(1.92g,产率:80%)。1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-D6)δ(ppm):8.27(d,J=5.9Hz,2H),8.21(t,J=6.1Hz,2H),8.18(d,J=7.1Hz,2H),8.12-8.10(m,2H),8.03(s,2H),7.91-7.89(m,4H),7.85(s,1H),7.78(d,J=6.1Hz,4H),7.72(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),7.46(d,J=6.3Hz,2H),7.17-7.15(m,6H),7.10(s,2H),2.38(s,6H).质谱MALDI-TOF(m/z)[M+]:测量值为800.89,理论值为800.00,元素分析:for C55H37N5S:测量值为:C82.69,H 4.63,N 8.78,S 3.99.理论值为C 82.58,H 4.66,N 8.75,S 4.01.
实施例3:本实施例P7的制备,其步骤如下:
M6的合成:250mL圆底烧瓶中,加入1-氟-4-硝基苯(8.40g,60mmol),二苯胺(8.45g,50mmol),氟化铯(15.21g,0.10mol),二甲基亚砜(120mL),在140℃、N2气氛下回流6h。反应结束后,倒入水中,用冰冷却,过滤,得到一种橙色的固体。该固体在乙醇中重结晶两次,无需进一步纯化即可得到产品。质谱MALDI-TOF(m/z)[M+]:测量值为290.32,理论值为290.80。
M7的合成:将M6(5.86g,20mmol),氯化亚锡二水合物(27.05g,120mmol)和乙醇(120mL)混合,70℃,N2气氛下回流100min,冷却至室温后,用氢氧化钠溶液和二氯甲烷萃取。然后,通过蒸馏除去二氯甲烷,得到产品,无需进一步纯化。质谱MALDI-TOF(m/z)[M+]:测量值为260.34,理论值为260.43。
M8的合成:M8通过一锅法合成,250mL圆底烧瓶中,将M1(2.32g,10.00mmol),M7(10.40g 40.00mmol),4-溴苯甲醛(1.85,10.00mmol)和醋酸铵(3.85g,50mmol)溶于100mL冰醋酸溶液,120℃加热回流2小时。反应结束后用水淬灭反应,抽滤得到固体,依次用水,冰醋酸,乙醇洗涤,得到粗产品,柱层析分离提纯(石油醚:二氯甲烷=2:1,得到白色固体(5.12g,产率:80%)。
质谱MALDI-TOF(m/z)[M+]:测量值为640.38,理论值为640.58。
M9的合成:将M8(6.41g,10.00mmol),联硼酸频那醇酯(5.06g,20.00mmol),和乙酸钾(2.94g,30mmol)溶于50mL1,4-二氧六环溶液,85℃加热回流48小时。反应结束后用二氯萃取分液,浓缩得到粗产品,柱层析分离提纯(石油醚:二氯甲烷=1:1,得到白色固体(2.08g,产率:40%)。质谱MALDI-TOF(m/z)[M+]:测量值为687.89,理论值为687.65。
P7的合成:100mL圆底烧瓶,将M9(2.06g,3mmol),M4(1.38g,3mmol),碳酸钾(5.53g,40mmol),四(三苯基膦)钯(173.34mg,0.15mmol)溶于20mL蒸馏水和40mL甲苯中,氮气保护下90℃回流24小时。用二氯甲烷萃取分液,浓缩得到粗产品,柱层析分离提纯(石油醚:二氯甲烷=4:1),得到红色固体(2.25g,产率:80%)。1HNMR(500MHz,DMSO-D6)δ(ppm):8.27(d,J=6.0Hz,2H),8.22-8.19(m,2H),8.16(d,J=6.3Hz,2H),8.13-8.11(m,4H),8.01(d,J=6.3Hz,2H),7.97(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),7.91-7.87(m,2H),7.78(d,J=6.3Hz,2H),7.54(d,J=6.3Hz,2H),7.41(d,J=4.9Hz,4H),7.35-7.33(m,6H),7.25-7.22(m,8H),7.18(d,J=5.3Hz,2H),7.13(d,J=4.2Hz,2H).质谱MALDI-TOF(m/z)[M+]:测量值为939.35,理论值为939.15,元素分析:C65H42N6S:测量值为:C 82.99,H 4.33,N 8.98,S 3.59,理论值为C83.13,H 4.51,N 8.95,S 3.41.
实施例4:非掺杂旋涂薄膜的制备,其步骤如下:
以石英片为衬底,放置在台式匀胶机上。将分子P1用四氢呋喃溶剂充分溶解后,均匀涂在石英片上,转速为1500转/分,时间为30秒,得到均匀薄膜用于测试紫外吸收光谱和发射光谱,测试结果如图3所示。
实施例5
一种非掺杂有机电致发光器件,以分子结构为P1的有机红光小分子为发光层材料,所述有机电致发光器件P1的结构如下:
ITO/HATCN(6nm)/TAPC(25nm)/TCTA(15nm)/P1(20nm)/TPBi(40nm)/LiF(1nm)/Al(120nm)
器件的制备过程如下:基片铟锡氧化物(ITO)导电玻璃的准备:基片依次用去离子水、异丙醇、丙酮、甲苯、丙酮、异丙醇在超声浴中各自清洗20分钟,并于烘箱中烘干备用。在紫外臭氧清洗机中对ITO导电玻璃表面处理40分钟后,将其移入真空蒸镀设备中(腔体内压力<2×10-4Pa);在阳极ITO导电玻璃上,真空蒸镀空穴注入层HATCN,厚度为6nm;在HATCN上,真空蒸镀空穴传输层TAPC,厚度为25nm:在TAPC上,蒸镀激子阻挡层TCTA,厚度为15nm;在TCTA之上,蒸镀发光层P1,厚度为20nm;在发光层之上,蒸镀电子传输层TPBi,厚度为40nm;在TPBi之上,蒸镀电子注入层LiF,厚度为1nm;在LiF之上,蒸镀阴极Al,厚度为120nm。
本实施例以P1为发光层材料,制备的非掺杂有机电致发光器件的亮度-电压-电流密度曲线、电流效率-亮度-功率效率曲线、外量子效率曲线和不同电压下的电致发光光谱,分别如图4、图5、图6和图7所示。器件的详细电致发光性能数据列于表1中。
表1:器件P1的电致发光性能数据
实施例6
一种非掺杂有机电致发光器件,以分子结构为P4的有机红光小分子为发光层材料,所述有机电致发光器件P4的结构如下:
ITO/HATCN(6nm)/TAPC(25nm)/TCTA(15nm)/P4(20nm)/TPBi(40nm)/LiF(1nm)/Al(120nm)
器件的制备过程与实施例5类似。其中,以P4为非掺杂的发光层材料。本实施例以P4为发光层材料,制备的非掺杂有机电致发光器件的亮度-电压-电流密度曲线、电流效率-亮度-功率效率曲线、外量子效率曲线和不同电压下的电致发光光谱,分别如图8、图9、图10和图11所示。器件的详细电致发光性能数据列于表2中。
表2:器件P4的电致发光性能数据
实施例7
一种非掺杂有机电致发光器件,以分子结构为P7的有机红光小分子为发光层材料,所述有机电致发光器件P7的结构如下:
ITO/HATCN(6nm)/TAPC(25nm)/TCTA(15nm)/P3(20nm)/TPBi(40nm)/LiF(1nm)/Al(120nm)
器件的制备过程与实施例5类似。其中,以P7为非掺杂的发光层材料。本实施例以P7为发光层材料,制备的非掺杂有机电致发光器件的亮度-电压-电流密度曲线、电流效率-亮度-功率效率曲线、外量子效率曲线和不同电压下的电致发光光谱,分别如图12、图13、图14和图15所示。器件的详细电致发光性能数据列于表3中。
表3:器件P7的电致发光性能数据
实施例5-7的有机电致发光器件中所用的材料结构式如下,均可购买得到:
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
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