CN113894892B - Bamboo tube continuous spiral fiber opening equipment and bamboo fiber obtaining method - Google Patents
Bamboo tube continuous spiral fiber opening equipment and bamboo fiber obtaining method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113894892B CN113894892B CN202111268765.XA CN202111268765A CN113894892B CN 113894892 B CN113894892 B CN 113894892B CN 202111268765 A CN202111268765 A CN 202111268765A CN 113894892 B CN113894892 B CN 113894892B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27J—MECHANICAL WORKING OF CANE, CORK, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27J1/00—Mechanical working of cane or the like
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
- B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
- B27L11/08—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor of wood fibres, e.g. produced by tearing
Abstract
The invention discloses a bamboo tube continuous spiral fiber opening device and a bamboo fiber obtaining method, wherein the device comprises a material pushing device and a bamboo tube twisting device; the material pushing device comprises a material pushing frame and a first machine frame with a horizontal straight guide rail; the material pushing frame is transversely provided with a boss for realizing the axial positioning of the bamboo tube, the outer side wall of the boss is uniformly provided with a plurality of positioning pieces along the circumferential direction, and the positioning pieces can be inserted into the bamboo tube to realize the circumferential positioning of the bamboo tube; the material pushing frame is erected on the guide rail and can reciprocate along the guide rail; the bamboo tube twisting device comprises a first friction wheel which can rotate along a central shaft; the first friction wheel is positioned at the end side of the guide rail, and a clamping piece for fixing the bamboo tube is arranged on one side surface of the first friction wheel opposite to the boss. According to the invention, the matrix tissues in the bamboo tube layers and between the bamboo tube layers can be effectively destroyed through the shear stress in the circumferential direction, and the bamboo tube spiral motion can accelerate the separation of fibers, so that bamboo fibers which are uniformly separated can be obtained, and the nondestructive separation of fiber bundles is realized; because the bamboo tube is continuously split, the production efficiency is also improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of bamboo processing, and particularly relates to a bamboo tube continuous spiral fiber splitting device and a bamboo fiber obtaining method.
Background
The bamboo fiber is also called as original bamboo fiber or bamboo fiber, and is a new natural fiber developed in recent years. It is a bundle fiber made by directly processing bamboo by physical mechanical method. The bamboo fiber raw material is derived from natural renewable resources, and the product can be biodegraded after being used, meets the environmental protection requirement, and is a new material with wide prospect. In recent years, bamboo fibers have been used in the field of composite materials such as mattresses, automobile interiors and the like. The mechanical method applied in the existing bamboo fiber production is a rolling method and a carding method, wherein before mechanical processing, whole bamboo or bamboo chips are softened, and then the bamboo is axially rolled or carded to extract coarse bamboo fibers. The carding method is used for carding bamboo fibers by a high-speed rotating needle cylinder, and has the main defects that the processed bamboo fibers are different in length, the length and the fineness cannot be controlled, and the damage to the fibers is large; the rolling method can obtain fibers with regular length, but the structural organization and the strength of the bamboo fibers are damaged to different degrees while the base organization is damaged by extrusion. In the methods, bamboo fibers are separated by applying tensile and compressive loads to softened bamboo to destroy the matrix structure of the bamboo. In the prior art, although the operation is simple and easy, bamboo fibers processed by the carding method are different in length, and the strength of the fibers is damaged and the fibers are easy to break due to the processing by the rolling method; the problems that the fiber separation is not uniform, the quality of the bamboo fiber is not easy to ensure and the like exist; moreover, these problems are not overcome by the prior art.
At present, the market of the bamboo fiber grows rapidly, and advanced bamboo fiber processing technology and equipment are required. In recent years, some published bamboo fiber extraction patents are searched for a preparation method of bamboo fibers, wherein the technical scheme of the invention named as a delamination and fiber forming device and method is to utilize bamboo chips to reversely draw and separate fibers, the technical scheme of the invention named as a bamboo cone mold fiber separating machine is to try to utilize equipment for axially pressing a bamboo tube to separate the bamboo fibers, and the technical scheme of the invention named as a bamboo tube continuous fiber loosening machine is to realize the continuous fiber loosening of a fixed-length bamboo tube by applying a torsional load to the bamboo tube. It can be seen that these methods respectively attempt to separate bamboo fibres using bending, axial compression and torsional loads, with respective advantages and disadvantages.
Therefore, it is highly desirable to provide a new bamboo fiber separation technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides bamboo tube continuous spiral fiber opening equipment and a bamboo fiber obtaining method. According to the characteristics of the bamboo laminated structure, the method for separating the bamboo fibers by performing controllable spiral motion on the modified bamboo tube is provided by analyzing the principle of bamboo tube fiber separation; the technical problems that the fiber quality is seriously influenced by the damage to the bamboo fiber structure and strength, the uneven separation of the bamboo fibers and the like in the conventional bamboo fiber mechanical separation technology are solved.
The invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a bamboo tube continuous spiral fiber opening device, which comprises a material pushing device and a bamboo tube twisting device; the material pushing device comprises a material pushing frame and a first machine frame with a horizontal straight guide rail; the material pushing frame is transversely provided with a boss for realizing the axial positioning of the bamboo tube, the outer side wall of the boss is uniformly provided with a plurality of positioning pieces along the circumferential direction, and the positioning pieces can be inserted into the bamboo tube to realize the circumferential positioning of the bamboo tube; the material pushing frame is erected on the guide rail and can move back and forth along the guide rail;
the bamboo tube twisting device comprises a first friction wheel capable of rotating along a central shaft; the first friction wheel is positioned at the end side of the guide rail, and a clamping piece for fixing the bamboo tube is arranged on one side surface of the first friction wheel opposite to the boss; the two ends of the bamboo tube can be respectively fixed on the clamping piece and the boss, the rotation of one end of the bamboo tube can be realized through the clamping piece, the axial propulsion of the other end of the bamboo tube can be realized through the boss, and the fiber opening and the discharging of the bamboo tube can be realized through the self-spiral motion along the grain direction.
Preferably, two parallel horizontal straight guide rails are arranged on two sides of the top of the first machine frame, two second rollers are respectively arranged on two sides of the bottom of the material pushing frame, and the second rollers can move along the guide rails on the side where the second rollers are located; two side surfaces of the material pushing frame are symmetrically provided with vertical grooves along the axis direction respectively, and first rollers only capable of moving up and down along the grooves are arranged in the grooves; the two sides of the first rack are provided with second chain transmission devices capable of horizontally transmitting, and the first roller wheel is connected with a chain of the second chain transmission devices; the driving chain wheel at one side of the second chain transmission device is also connected with a first chain transmission device, and is sequentially arranged on a chain wheel shaft together with a driven wheel of the first chain transmission device; the chain wheel shaft penetrates through two side edges of the first rack, two ends of the chain wheel shaft are arranged on the first rack through a pair of bearing seats with bearings, a driving wheel of the first chain transmission device is externally connected with a first motor, and the first motor is provided with a speed reducer; when the first chain transmission device drives the second chain transmission device to work, the first roller moves along with the chain, the second roller of the material pushing frame is driven to reciprocate along the guide rail, and meanwhile, the first roller moves up and down in the vertical groove of the material pushing frame.
Furthermore, a first roller shaft is arranged in the middle of the first roller and fixedly connected with the chain through two fixed pin shafts.
Preferably, the boss is of a conical structure, one end with a large cross section is fixed on the material pushing frame, and a plurality of positioning pieces are uniformly distributed on the end part along the circumferential direction.
Preferably, the central axis of the bamboo tube fixed by the clamping piece and the boss is parallel to the guide rail.
Preferably, the clamping piece comprises at least three clamping claws with tension springs, and all the clamping claws can clamp the outer wall of the bamboo tube to realize the fixing function; the clamping jaw is of an arc-shaped structure and comprises a fixed end and a clamping end, the clamping end can rotate by taking the fixed end as an axis, the fixed end is fixed on the side wall surface of the first friction wheel through a positioning pin, and the clamping end is provided with a tooth-shaped bulge for increasing friction force; the clamping claws close to the clamping ends are fixedly provided with tension springs, the positions of the clamping ends can be changed through the tension springs, and then the clamping force of all the clamping claws on the bamboo tube is adjusted.
Preferably, the first friction wheel is externally connected with a second friction wheel, and the first friction wheel and the second friction wheel form friction wheel transmission together; the second friction wheel is connected with a second motor, the second motor is a speed regulating motor, the second friction wheel is driven to rotate through the coupler, and then the first friction wheel is driven to rotate through the action of friction force.
Furthermore, the first friction wheel is externally connected with a riding wheel for supporting the first friction wheel; the riding wheel and the second friction wheel are both connected with the lower half portion of the first friction wheel in a tangent mode, and the supporting effect on the first friction wheel is achieved jointly.
Preferably, the pushing frame does not interfere with the first friction wheel in the reciprocating movement process along the guide rail.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a method for obtaining bamboo fibers by using a bamboo tube to continuously and spirally open fibers, which comprises the following steps:
s1: cutting off the tip and the root of the bamboo subjected to raw material sorting, and then processing to obtain a fixed-length bamboo tube;
s2: removing bamboo joint cores in the obtained fixed-length bamboo tube, and then performing modification pretreatment to obtain a softened bamboo tube;
s3: the obtained softened bamboo tube is subjected to fiber splitting treatment through any one of the devices in the first aspect to destroy matrix tissues in bamboo wood and realize fiber bundle separation, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
fixing one end of a softened bamboo tube on a first friction wheel through a clamping piece, and fixing the other end of the softened bamboo tube on a material pushing frame through a boss; the material pushing frame is made to reciprocate along the guide rail, and meanwhile, the first friction wheel starts to rotate; one end of the bamboo tube rotates along with the first friction wheel, the bamboo wood matrix is damaged under the action of shear stress, the bamboo wood matrix is continuously damaged and cracks are continuously expanded along with the fact that the material pushing frame is continuously close to the first friction wheel, fiber bundles are separated between layers and in the bamboo tube, but the fiber structure cannot be damaged, the bamboo tube can realize fiber separation by generating self-spiral motion along the grain direction, and therefore lossless separation of the fiber bundles is realized;
s4: the bamboo tube after the fiber splitting treatment is processed by a fiber cutting machine to obtain a fiber bundle with required length, and the bamboo fiber is obtained after post-treatment process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the existing carding method and the rolling method can cause strong damage to fiber tissues in fiber extraction, and cannot avoid the damage. The invention utilizes the principle that the matrix tissue is damaged under the action of the circumferential shear stress when the bamboo tube moves spirally, thereby keeping the integrity of the fiber tissue, avoiding the damage of the fiber structure and the strength and further realizing the nondestructive separation of the fibers.
2) In the prior art, bamboo chips are mainly stretched and compressed along the grain or radial direction, and the problem of uneven fiber bundle separation always exists. Because the bamboo tube is a thick-wall cylinder with a laminated structure, the invention can effectively destroy the matrix tissues in the bamboo tube layer and between layers through the shear stress in the circumferential direction, and the bamboo tube spiral motion can accelerate the separation between fibers, thereby obtaining the bamboo fibers with uniform separation.
3) The invention can realize continuous processing of the whole bamboo cylinder, improves the production efficiency, and has simple and convenient process and regular processed fibers.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a bamboo fiber obtaining method;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an angle structure of a bamboo tube continuous spiral fiber-opening device;
FIG. 3 is another angle structure diagram of the bamboo tube continuous spiral fiber-opening device;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a portion of the first roller in connection with the second chain drive;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a partial structure of the second roller;
FIG. 6 is a partial schematic view of the clamp;
the reference numbers in the figures are: the chain wheel type chain transmission device comprises a base plate 1, a first motor 2, a first chain transmission device 3, a first frame 4, a chain wheel shaft 5, a second chain transmission device 6, a material pushing frame 7, a first friction wheel 8, a clamping claw 9, a positioning pin 10, a tension spring 11, a second motor 12, a coupler 13, a second friction wheel 14, a first bearing seat assembly 15, a first shaft 16, a second frame 17, a second shaft 18, a second bearing seat assembly 19, a supporting wheel 20, a positioning sheet 21, a boss 22, a first roller wheel 23, a fixing pin shaft 24, a first roller wheel shaft 25, a second roller wheel shaft 26, a first fixing piece 27, a second roller wheel 28, a tightening bolt 29, an adjusting plate screw 30, an adjusting plate 31, an adjusting pin shaft 32 and a clamping claw fixing screw 33.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further elucidated and described with reference to the drawings and the detailed description. The technical features of the embodiments of the present invention can be combined correspondingly without mutual conflict.
The bamboo wood essentially belongs to a non-uniform fiber reinforced gradient composite material and has the characteristic of a laminated structure; the intensity modulus of the bamboo fiber is far larger than that of the matrix material, and the fiber bundles are arranged in parallel along the longitudinal direction. The invention provides a method for separating bamboo fibers by carrying out controllable composite spiral motion on a modified bamboo tube according to the structural characteristics and mechanical characteristics of bamboo and researching the principle of fiber separation. Applying torque to one end of the bamboo tube, and applying axial load to the other end of the bamboo tube to enable the bamboo tube to generate spiral motion; along with the rotation of one end of the bamboo tube, the matrix tissue of the bamboo tube is damaged under the shearing stress, so that the fiber layers and the inner layers of the tube body are dislocated and debonded, and along with the continuous propulsion of the other end of the bamboo tube, matrix cracks are continuously generated and expanded, so that the fiber separation is caused. Based on the above thought, the invention provides a bamboo tube continuous spiral fiber opening device, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the device mainly comprises a material pushing device and a bamboo tube twisting device.
The material pushing device mainly comprises a material pushing frame 7 and a first machine frame 4, and a horizontal and straight guide rail is arranged on the first machine frame 4. The material pushing frame 7 is erected on the guide rail and can move back and forth along the guide rail. The material pushing frame 7 is transversely provided with a boss 22, and the axis of the boss 22 is parallel to the axis of the guide rail. During practical application, the boss 22 extends into the interior of the bamboo tube body to realize clamping and fixing, and is used for axially positioning the bamboo tube. The lateral wall of boss 22 evenly is equipped with a plurality of spacers 21 along circumference, inside spacer 21 can insert the thick bamboo tube along with the boss together to carry out circumference location to the thick bamboo tube, prevent that this tip of thick bamboo tube from taking place to rotate. During the practical application, boss 22 can set up to the toper structure, and the great one end of cross section is fixed in on pushing away the work or material rest 7 to in better fixed thick bamboo tube, simultaneously, also can set up spacer 21 at this great tip, can further strengthen the circumference frictional force of boss through the setting of spacer 21, make this tip of thick bamboo tube can not take place to rotate. The size of the positioning plate 21 can be set according to the size of the boss, and for example, a plate-shaped structure with the thickness of about 15x6mm (length x width) and the thickness of 2-3mm can be adopted.
In this embodiment, two parallel horizontal straight guide rails are respectively disposed on two sides of the top of the first frame 4, two second rollers 28 are respectively disposed on two sides of the bottom of the material pushing frame 7, and the second rollers 28 can move along the guide rails on the side where the second rollers are disposed. As shown in fig. 5, the second roller 28 has a second roller shaft 26 in the middle, and the second roller 28 can rotate along the second roller shaft 26. The second roller shaft 26 is vertically arranged at the bottom of the material pushing frame 7, the upper end of the second roller shaft is fixed on the material pushing frame 7 through a first fixing part 27, and the lower end of the second roller shaft is exposed out of the bottom of the second roller 28 and is fixed through a tightening bolt 29. The first fixing member 27 may employ a nut. The cross section of the lower exposed section of the second roller shaft 26 is larger than the cross section of the bottom of the second roller 28, so as to support the second roller 28.
In order to achieve the reciprocating movement of the pusher 7 along the guide rail, the present embodiment employs a second chain transmission and a first chain transmission. As shown in fig. 4, vertical grooves are symmetrically formed in the two side surfaces of the material pushing frame 7 along the axis direction, and first rollers 23 which can only move up and down along the grooves are arranged in the grooves. The second chain transmission device 6 capable of horizontally transmitting is arranged on two side surfaces of the first machine frame 4, the first roller wheel 25 is arranged in the middle of the first roller wheel 23, the first roller wheel 23 can rotate along the first roller wheel 25, and the first roller wheel 25 is fixedly connected with the chain of the second chain transmission device 6 through two fixed pin shafts 24, namely, the pin shafts at the chain links at the corresponding positions of the chain are replaced. The first chain drive 3 is also connected to the drive sprocket on the side of the second chain drive 6 and is in turn mounted on a sprocket shaft 5 with the driven sprocket of the first chain drive 3. The sprocket shaft 5 penetrates both sides of the first frame 4, and both ends are mounted on the first frame 4 through a pair of bearing seats with bearings. That is, the axial direction of the sprocket shaft 5 is perpendicular to the moving direction of the pusher 7. The driving wheel of the first chain transmission device 3 is externally connected with a first motor 2, the first motor 2 is fixed on the bottom plate 1, and the first motor 2 is provided with a speed reducer. The first motor 2 drives the driving wheel to rotate, the chain wheel shaft 5 is driven to rotate through the transmission action of the first chain transmission device, and the chain wheel shaft 5 drives the chain to move through the transmission action of the second chain transmission device 3. Because the first roller 23 is connected with the chain through the first roller shaft 25, along with the movement of the chain, the first rollers 23 at the two sides of the material pushing frame 7 can generate a thrust action in the horizontal direction on the material pushing frame 7, so as to drive the second rollers 28 of the material pushing frame 7 to reciprocate along the guide rail, and meanwhile, the first rollers 23 at the two sides can also reciprocate in the vertical grooves at the corresponding sides of the material pushing frame 7.
The bamboo tube twisting device mainly comprises a first friction wheel 8 which can rotate along a central shaft, and the first friction wheel 8 is positioned at the end side of the guide rail. Because the thick bamboo tube is axial displacement under the effect of material pushing frame 7, offered the round hole in first friction pulley 8 middle part, simultaneously for material pushing frame 7 is doing reciprocating motion's in-process along the guide rail, mutually noninterfere between with first friction pulley 8, the size and the position in hole should with boss 22 phase-match to prevent that material pushing frame 7 when being close to first friction pulley 8, boss 22 can collide with first friction pulley 8. The side face of the first friction wheel 8 opposite to the boss 22 is provided with a clamping piece for fixing the bamboo tube, and the clamping piece can be uniformly distributed along the periphery of the hole. The both ends of thick bamboo tube can be fixed in respectively on holder and boss 22, can realize the rotation of thick bamboo tube one end through the holder, can realize the axial propulsion of thick bamboo tube other end through boss 22, make the thick bamboo tube can realize opening the fine through the spiral motion certainly that produces along following the line direction. The central axis of the bamboo tube when fixed by the clamping piece and the boss 22 is parallel to the guide rail, so that the stress at the two ends of the bamboo tube is more uniform, and the fiber splitting effect is better.
The clamping pieces can adopt the structure in the prior art, so long as the clamping force of all the clamping pieces can be adjusted to adapt to the thicknesses of different bamboo tubes. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the clamp may adopt the following structure: the clamping piece comprises at least three clamping claws 9 with tension springs 11, and all the clamping claws 9 can realize the fixing function by clamping the outer wall of the bamboo tube. The clamping jaw 9 is of an arc-shaped structure and comprises a fixed end and a clamping end, the clamping end can rotate by taking the fixed end as an axis, the fixed end is fixed on the side wall surface of the first friction wheel 8 through a positioning pin 10, and the clamping end is provided with a tooth-shaped protrusion for increasing friction force. The tooth-shaped bulge can adopt a triangular fine tooth structure, and the tooth direction is parallel to the central line of the clamping piece. A tension spring 11 is fixed on the clamping jaw 9 close to the clamping end through a clamping jaw fixing screw 33, the other end of the tension spring is hung on a shaft neck of an adjusting pin shaft 32, a plurality of adjusting pin shafts 32 are uniformly distributed on an adjusting plate 31, and the adjusting plate 31 is installed on the inner side surface of the first friction wheel 8 through adjusting plate screws 30. The clamping force of all the clamping claws 9 on the bamboo tube can be adjusted by changing the position of the adjusting end of the tension spring 11.
In order to realize the rotation of the first friction wheel 8, in the embodiment, a second friction wheel 14 is further arranged at the outer periphery of the first friction wheel 8, the first friction wheel 8 and the second friction wheel 14 are arranged in a tangent mode, and the first friction wheel 8 and the second friction wheel 14 jointly form a friction wheel transmission. The second friction wheel 14 is connected with the second motor 12, the second motor 12 is a speed-regulating motor, the second motor 12 drives the second friction wheel 14 to rotate through the coupler 13, and then the first friction wheel 8 is driven to rotate under the action of friction force. The second motor 12 is fixed on the second frame 17, the middle of the second friction wheel 14 has a first shaft 16, both sides of the second friction wheel are provided with first bearing seat assemblies 15, and the second friction wheel is fixed on the second frame 17 through the first bearing seat assemblies 15.
In order to effectively support the first friction wheel 8, a supporting wheel 20 is further arranged at the periphery of the outer wheel of the first friction wheel 8, and the supporting wheel 20 and the first friction wheel 8 are arranged tangentially. The riding wheel 20 and the second friction wheel 14 are both connected with the lower half part of the first friction wheel 8 in a tangent mode, and the supporting effect on the first friction wheel 8 is achieved together. The middle part of the riding wheel 20 is provided with a second shaft 18, both sides of the riding wheel are provided with second bearing seat assemblies 19, and the second shaft 18 is fixed on the second frame 17 through the second bearing seat assemblies 19. When the first friction wheel 8 rotates, the riding wheel 20 is driven to rotate under the action of friction force.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention also provides a bamboo fiber obtaining method using a bamboo tube for continuous spiral fiber opening, which comprises the following steps:
(1) sorting raw materials: classifying the bamboo materials of each batch according to the producing area, the bamboo species and the bamboo age, and storing the bamboo materials in each designated area.
(2) Fixing the length of the bamboo tube: removing bamboo roots and bamboo tips from the bamboo subjected to raw material sorting, and processing into the bamboo tube with the fixed length. The fixed-length bamboo tube refers to a bamboo tube with a certain length, and the length is required to be set according to the maximum spacing distance between the first friction wheel 8 and the material pushing frame 7 in the device, so that two ends of the bamboo tube can be fixed on the clamping piece and the boss 22 respectively. The length of the fixed-length bamboo tube can be 2m-4m generally, and the maximum spacing distance between the first friction wheel 8 and the material pushing frame 7 in the corresponding equipment is also 2m-4 m.
(3) Removing the bamboo joint core: removing the bamboo joint core in the obtained fixed-length bamboo tube.
(4) Pretreatment: and (4) putting the bamboo tube without the bamboo joint core into a softening tank, and performing modification treatment to obtain the softened bamboo tube with proper strength. The proper strength needs to be determined according to the wall thickness and the length of the bamboo tube, so that the softening bamboo tube can realize fiber opening through generating self-spiral motion along the grain direction in the next spiral fiber opening process, the bending instability of the bamboo tube caused by excessive softening is avoided, and the fiber separation is not influenced by insufficient softening.
(5) Spiral fiber opening: the obtained softened bamboo tube is subjected to fiber splitting treatment through the equipment to destroy matrix tissues in the bamboo wood and realize fiber separation, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
one end of the softened bamboo tube is fixed on the first friction wheel 8 through the clamping piece, and the other end of the softened bamboo tube is fixed on the material pushing frame 7 through the lug boss 22. The material pushing frame 7 is made to reciprocate along the guide rail, and at the same time, the first friction wheel 8 starts to rotate. One end of the bamboo tube rotates along with the first friction wheel 8, the bamboo wood base body is damaged under the action of shearing stress, the bamboo wood base body is continuously damaged and cracks continuously expand along with the continuous approach of the material pushing frame 7 to the first friction wheel 8, fibers are separated between layers of the bamboo tube and in the layers of the bamboo tube, but the fiber structure cannot be damaged, the bamboo tube can be made to be capable of realizing fiber separation through self-spiral motion along the grain direction, and therefore the lossless separation of fiber bundles is achieved.
(6) Fiber cutting: and (4) directly feeding the bamboo tube subjected to fiber splitting treatment into a fiber cutting machine after discharging, and cutting according to the required length to obtain the fiber bundle with the required length.
(7) Fiber post-treatment: and then carrying out subsequent post-treatment processes such as acid washing, drying, opening and the like according to the supply requirement of the fibers so as to meet different use requirements, and finally obtaining the bamboo fibers meeting the requirements.
The bamboo tube is equivalent to a cylinder with a laminated structure, when one end of the bamboo tube is twisted, the shear stress in the circumferential direction is increased along the radial direction, so that the matrix tissue of the bamboo tube can be effectively damaged, and the twisting displacement of the fiber layer is basically increased linearly along the thickness of the bamboo tube, so that debonding slippage between fiber layers of the bamboo tube is promoted; meanwhile, along with the spiral motion of the bamboo tube, the crack propagation of the matrix is accelerated, so that the fibers of the bamboo tube are debonded, and the uniformly separated bamboo fibers can be obtained. When the bamboo tube in the invention generates spiral motion, the matrix structure in the bamboo material is damaged by twisting and shearing stress along the circumferential direction of the bamboo tube, and the crack propagation of the matrix is accelerated by the continuously increased shearing stress along with the propulsion of the bamboo tube, so that the structural integrity of the bamboo fiber and the strength of the bamboo fiber are effectively kept, the bamboo fiber is fully and effectively separated, and the uniformity and the physical and mechanical properties of the bamboo fiber are improved.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, which should not be construed as limiting the invention. Various changes and modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the technical scheme obtained by adopting the mode of equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation is within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A bamboo tube continuous spiral fiber opening device is characterized by comprising a material pushing device and a bamboo tube twisting device; the material pushing device comprises a material pushing frame (7) and a first rack (4) with a horizontal straight guide rail; the material pushing frame (7) is transversely provided with a boss (22) for realizing the axial positioning of the bamboo tube, the outer side wall of the boss (22) is uniformly provided with a plurality of positioning pieces (21) along the circumferential direction, and the positioning pieces (21) can be inserted into the bamboo tube to realize the circumferential positioning of the bamboo tube; the material pushing frame (7) is erected on the guide rail and can reciprocate along the guide rail;
the bamboo tube twisting device comprises a first friction wheel (8) capable of rotating along a central shaft; the first friction wheel (8) is positioned at the end side of the guide rail, and a clamping piece for fixing the bamboo tube is arranged on one side surface of the first friction wheel (8) opposite to the boss (22); the two ends of the bamboo tube can be respectively fixed on the clamping piece and the boss (22), the rotation of one end of the bamboo tube can be realized through the clamping piece, the axial propulsion of the other end of the bamboo tube can be realized through the boss (22), and the fiber opening of the bamboo tube can be realized through the self-spiral motion along the grain direction;
two parallel horizontal straight guide rails are arranged on two sides of the top of the first rack (4), two second rollers (28) are respectively arranged on two sides of the bottom of the material pushing frame (7), and the second rollers (28) can move along the guide rails on the side where the second rollers are located; two side surfaces of the material pushing frame (7) are respectively and symmetrically provided with vertical grooves along the axis direction, and first rollers (23) which can only move up and down along the grooves are arranged in the grooves; a second chain transmission device (6) capable of horizontally transmitting is arranged on two sides of the first rack (4), and the first roller (23) is connected with a chain of the second chain transmission device (6); the driving chain wheel at one side of the second chain transmission device (6) is also connected with the first chain transmission device (3), and the driving chain wheel and the driven wheel of the first chain transmission device (3) are sequentially arranged on the chain wheel shaft (5); the chain wheel shaft (5) penetrates through two side edges of the first rack (4), two ends of the chain wheel shaft are installed on the first rack (4) through a pair of bearing seats with bearings, a driving wheel of the first chain transmission device (3) is externally connected with the first motor (2), and the first motor (2) is provided with a speed reducer; when the first chain transmission device (3) drives the second chain transmission device (6) to work, the first roller (23) moves along with the chain, the second roller (28) of the material pushing frame (7) is driven to move back and forth along the guide rail, and meanwhile, the first roller (23) moves up and down in the vertical groove of the material pushing frame (7).
2. A bamboo tube continuous spiral fiber opening device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first roller (23) is provided with a first roller shaft (25) in the middle, and the first roller shaft (25) is fixedly connected with the chain through two fixing pin shafts (24).
3. The bamboo tube continuous spiral fiber opening equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the boss (22) is a conical structure, one end with a larger cross section is fixed on the material pushing frame (7), and a plurality of positioning sheets (21) are uniformly distributed at the end part along the circumferential direction.
4. Bamboo tube continuous spiral fiber opening equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the central axis of the bamboo tube when fixed by the clamping piece and the boss (22) is parallel to the guide rail.
5. A continuous spiral fiber opening equipment for bamboo tubes according to claim 1, characterized in that the clamping piece comprises at least three clamping claws (9) with tension springs (11), all the clamping claws (9) can realize the fixing function by clamping the outer wall of the bamboo tube; the clamping claw (9) is of an arc-shaped structure and comprises a fixed end and a clamping end, the clamping end can rotate by taking the fixed end as an axis, the fixed end is fixed on the side wall surface of the first friction wheel (8) through a positioning pin (10), and the clamping end is provided with a tooth-shaped bulge for increasing friction force; and a tension spring (11) is fixed on the clamping claw (9) close to the clamping end, and the position of the clamping end can be changed through the tension spring (11), so that the clamping force of all the clamping claws (9) on the bamboo tube is adjusted.
6. The bamboo tube continuous spiral fiber opening device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first friction wheel (8) is externally connected with a second friction wheel (14), and the first friction wheel and the second friction wheel form a friction wheel transmission together; the second friction wheel (14) is connected with a second motor (12), the second motor (12) is a speed regulating motor, the second friction wheel (14) is driven to rotate through a coupler (13), and then the first friction wheel (8) is driven to rotate under the action of friction force.
7. A bamboo tube continuous spiral fiber opening device as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the first friction wheel (8) is externally connected with a riding wheel (20) for supporting the first friction wheel (8); both the riding wheel (20) and the second friction wheel (14) are in tangent connection with the lower half part of the first friction wheel (8), and the riding wheel and the second friction wheel jointly realize the supporting effect on the first friction wheel (8).
8. A continuous spiral bamboo tube spreading apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said pusher (7) does not interfere with the first friction wheel (8) during reciprocating movement along the guide rail.
9. A bamboo fiber obtaining method by utilizing continuous spiral fiber opening of a bamboo tube is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: cutting off the tip and the root of the bamboo subjected to raw material sorting, and then processing to obtain a fixed-length bamboo tube;
s2: removing bamboo joint cores in the obtained fixed-length bamboo tube, and then performing modification pretreatment to obtain a softened bamboo tube;
s3: the obtained softened bamboo tube is subjected to fiber splitting treatment through the equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 8 to destroy matrix tissues in bamboo wood and realize fiber bundle separation, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
one end of the softened bamboo tube is fixed on a first friction wheel (8) through a clamping piece, and the other end of the softened bamboo tube is fixed on a material pushing frame (7) through a boss (22); the material pushing frame (7) is made to reciprocate along the guide rail, and meanwhile, the first friction wheel (8) starts to rotate; one end of the bamboo tube rotates along with the first friction wheel (8), the bamboo wood matrix is damaged under the action of shearing stress, the bamboo wood matrix is continuously damaged and cracks continuously expand along with the fact that the material pushing frame (7) is continuously close to the first friction wheel (8), fiber bundles are separated between layers and in layers of the bamboo tube, but the fiber structure cannot be damaged, the bamboo tube can realize fiber opening through self-spiral motion along the grain direction, and therefore lossless separation of the fiber bundles is achieved;
s4: the bamboo tube after the fiber splitting treatment is processed by a fiber cutting machine to obtain a fiber bundle with required length, and the bamboo fiber is obtained after post-treatment process.
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