CN113892977A - Exhaled air aerosol sampling device and method - Google Patents
Exhaled air aerosol sampling device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113892977A CN113892977A CN202111191148.4A CN202111191148A CN113892977A CN 113892977 A CN113892977 A CN 113892977A CN 202111191148 A CN202111191148 A CN 202111191148A CN 113892977 A CN113892977 A CN 113892977A
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- sampler
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- pipe
- exhaled breath
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 210000003296 saliva Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000003437 trachea Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004826 seaming Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 206010011409 Cross infection Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 206010029803 Nosocomial infection Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 208000020029 respiratory tract infectious disease Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 210000002345 respiratory system Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000035473 Communicable disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010035664 Pneumonia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 2
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000000010 microbial pathogen Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 206010024971 Lower respiratory tract infections Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010057190 Respiratory tract infections Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000011841 epidemiological investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B10/00—Other methods or instruments for diagnosis, e.g. instruments for taking a cell sample, for biopsy, for vaccination diagnosis; Sex determination; Ovulation-period determination; Throat striking implements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B10/00—Other methods or instruments for diagnosis, e.g. instruments for taking a cell sample, for biopsy, for vaccination diagnosis; Sex determination; Ovulation-period determination; Throat striking implements
- A61B2010/0083—Other methods or instruments for diagnosis, e.g. instruments for taking a cell sample, for biopsy, for vaccination diagnosis; Sex determination; Ovulation-period determination; Throat striking implements for taking gas samples
- A61B2010/0087—Breath samples
Abstract
The invention discloses an expired air aerosol sampling device and a sampling method, comprising a sampler cover, a centrifugal sampling tube, a sampler shell, a vertical air tube, a filter, an inclined air tube and an expired air nozzle; the middle of the sampler cover is connected with a centrifugal sampling pipe, the outer layer of the sampler cover is connected with a sampler shell, and a cooling layer is arranged between the centrifugal sampling pipe and the sampler shell; the inner port of the inclined air pipe on the periphery of the sampler cover is tangent to the inner wall of the centrifugal sampling pipe. This sampling device is based on the principle that aerosol condensation grows and whirlwind is gathered, behind the aerosol condensation growth in the exhaled breath, centrifugal separation collects in centrifugal sampling pipe, and this sampling device collection efficiency is high, simple structure, and the portability is good, low cost, and easy operation wholly is disposable design, can avoid the cross infection of person under test and sample, is a non-invasive respiratory track sample sampling device and sampling method, can be applied to respiratory tract infectious disease's screening diagnosis and precaution control.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of medical instruments, and particularly relates to an exhaled air aerosol sampling device and an exhaled air aerosol sampling method.
Background
The diagnosis of the respiratory infectious disease, new coronary pneumonia, is important for timely isolating patients and controlling epidemic spread. The new diagnosis method for coronary pneumonia widely used at present is to collect respiratory tract samples (such as nasal swabs and pharyngeal swabs) for nucleic acid detection or collect blood for antibody detection. However, the manner in which these samples are collected is invasive and subject discomfort can result. In addition, the onset time affects the viral load in different respiratory tract samples, the nasopharyngeal swab reflects the information of the upper respiratory tract, and if infection occurs in lower respiratory tract parts such as alveoli, the nasopharyngeal swab detection may result in a high false negative rate. The exhaled aerosol comes from the lower respiratory tract, so that the information of the lower respiratory tract infection can be reflected better.
Currently, there are commercial exhaled breath samplers, RTube, EcoScreen, TurboDeccs, Ancon, and the like. The basic structure of the samplers is composed of a polypropylene pipe and a condensation sleeve. TurboDeccs, Ancon and EcoScreen are equipped with electronic condensing systems to control the temperature between-15 and-5 deg.C, but are expensive to manufacture. Are bulky, not portable enough, and require cleaning of the instrument after each use, potentially introducing cross-contamination. In addition, the existing exhaled breath sampler has low collection of microbial aerosol, and the defects limit the application of exhaled breath aerosol in screening, diagnosis, prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases. Therefore, a novel exhaled air sampler which has a simple structure, good portability, low manufacturing cost and high collection efficiency of microbial aerosol is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to design an exhaled breath aerosol sampling device and an exhaled breath aerosol sampling method, which can improve the collection efficiency of microbial aerosol in exhaled breath, are simple and convenient to operate, low in manufacturing cost and convenient to carry.
The technical scheme of the invention is that the exhaled air aerosol sampling device comprises a sampler cover, a centrifugal sampling tube, a sampler shell, a vertical air tube, a filter, an inclined air tube and an exhalation nozzle; the inner side of the sampler cover is provided with double-layer threads, the threads in the middle layer are connected with a centrifugal sampling pipe, the threads in the outer layer are connected with a sampler shell, and a gap is reserved between the centrifugal sampling pipe and the sampler shell; a vertical air pipe is arranged in the center of the sampler cover, the outer end of the vertical air pipe is connected with a filter, and the inner end of the vertical air pipe enters the centrifugal sampling pipe; the periphery of the sampler cover is provided with an inclined air pipe, an inner port of the inclined air pipe is tangent to the inner wall of the centrifugal sampling pipe, and the outer end of the inclined air pipe is connected with the exhalation nozzle.
The inner port of the inclined air pipe is tangent to the inner wall of the centrifugal sampling pipe in a downward inclination mode.
A cooling layer is arranged in a gap between the centrifugal sampling pipe and the shell of the sampler, and a heat-insulating sleeve wraps the shell of the sampler.
And a cooling layer between the centrifugal sampling pipe and the shell of the sampler is cold storage liquid.
The cold accumulation liquid between the centrifugal sampling pipe and the shell of the sampler is water.
A refrigerator is arranged in a gap between the centrifugal sampling pipe and the shell of the sampler.
A saliva catcher is connected between the outer end of the inclined trachea and the expiration mouth.
The bottom of the centrifugal sampling tube is conical.
The breath nozzle is a flat-shaped seaming breath nozzle.
An exhaled breath aerosol sampling method, comprising the steps of:
1) cooling the exhaled air to condense the exhaled air aerosol;
2) cyclone collection is performed during the cooling of the exhaled breath.
The exhaled breath aerosol sampling device and the exhaled breath aerosol sampling method provided by the invention have the following advantages:
1. by utilizing the characteristics of high temperature and high humidity of the exhaled air and based on the principle of aerosol condensation growth and cyclone collection, after the aerosol in the exhaled air is condensed and grown, the aerosol is centrifugally separated and collected in a centrifugal sampling tube, the sampling device has high collection efficiency, and especially for virus aerosol with small particle size, sufficient samples can be collected in a short time for analyzing and detecting biological aerosols such as viruses in exhaled air. Through laboratory evaluation, the collection efficiency of the exhaled breath aerosol sampling device provided by the invention on 100nm aerosol is about 66.7%, so that pathogenic microorganism aerosol can be efficiently collected.
2. The exhaled gas aerosol sampling device provided by the invention has high sample collection rate, can collect 200 mu L in one minute on average, and can shorten breath sampling time.
3. The sample collected by the exhaled breath aerosol sampling device provided by the invention is simple in structure, good in portability, simple to operate, low in cost, low in air resistance and comfortable to use, and has potential for large-scale use in communities, hospitals and the like.
4. The exhaled air aerosol sampling device provided by the invention is a sterile disposable consumable, and can avoid cross infection between a testee and a sample to the greatest extent.
5. The exhaled air aerosol sampling method provided by the invention is simple and efficient, and is easy to popularize and use.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an exhaled breath aerosol sampling apparatus.
Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of the sampler cover.
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the sampling effect of an exhaled breath aerosol sampling apparatus of the present invention with that of a commercial exhaled breath sampler RTube
The reference numbers in the figures illustrate:
1. filter, 2 vertical air pipe, 3 sampler cover, 4 cooling layer, 5 centrifugal sampling pipe, 6 sampler shell, 7 insulating sleeve, 8 breathing nozzle, 9 saliva catcher, 10 inclined air pipe
Detailed Description
In order to make the implementation objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It should be emphasized that the following description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention or its application.
Examples
An exhaled breath aerosol sampling device and a sampling method according to the present embodiment are shown in fig. 1 to 3.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the exhaled breath aerosol sampling device according to the present embodiment includes a sampler cover 3, a centrifugal sampling tube 5, a sampler housing 6, a vertical air tube 2, a filter 1, an inclined air tube 10, and an exhalation nozzle 8; the inner side of the sampler cover 3 is provided with double-layer threads, the threads in the middle layer are connected with a centrifugal sampling pipe 5, the threads in the outer layer are connected with a sampler shell 6, and a gap is reserved between the centrifugal sampling pipe 5 and the sampler shell 6; a vertical air pipe 2 is arranged in the center of the sampler cover 3, the outer end of the vertical air pipe 2 is connected with a filter 1, and the inner end of the vertical air pipe 2 enters a centrifugal sampling pipe 5; an inclined air pipe 10 is arranged on the periphery of the sampler cover 3, an inner port of the inclined air pipe 10 is tangent to the inner wall of the centrifugal sampling pipe 5 in a downward inclination mode, and the outer end of the inclined air pipe 10 is connected with the expiration nozzle 8.
The filter 1 used in this example is a high efficiency filter with a diameter of 25 mm.
The sampler cover 3 and the sampler shell 6 in the embodiment are made of photosensitive resin and are made by 3D printing. The sampler case 6 is 153mm long, 54mm in inner diameter and 1mm in wall thickness. The diameter of the sampler cover 3 is 76mm, the height is 25mm, two layers of threads are arranged on the inner side of the sampler cover 3, the threads on the middle layer are matched with the centrifugal sampling tube 5, and the threads on the outer layer are matched with the sampler shell 6. The internal diameter 4mm of the slope trachea 10 on sampler lid 3 periphery, slope trachea 10 is 60 with vertical direction contained angle to tangent with 5 inner walls of centrifugal sampling pipe, can make the expired gas fully cool down in 5 of centrifugal sampling pipe like this, and can gather the bottom of centrifugal sampling pipe 5 with the help of the effect of centrifugal force with the aerosol. The inner diameter of the vertical gas tube 2 is 8 mm. All the pipe wall thicknesses are 1 mm.
The centrifuge sampling tube 5 used in this example is a 50mL centrifuge tube (CORNING centrisptar (tm)) commonly used in laboratories, which is a polypropylene material with a diameter of 30mm, a length of 115mm and a conical bottom.
A cooling layer 4 is arranged in a gap between the centrifugal sampling pipe 5 and the sampler shell 6, and a heat insulation sleeve 7 is wrapped outside the sampler shell 6. The thermal insulation sleeve 7 is made of thermal insulation materials, and has an inner diameter of 56mm, an outer diameter of 66mm and a height of 110 mm.
In the embodiment, the cold storage liquid in the cooling layer 4 between the centrifugal sampling pipe 5 and the sampler shell 6 is water. As can be understood by those skilled in the art, the cooling layer 4 may be filled with other kinds of cold storage liquids, or may be provided with a semiconductor refrigerator to adapt to some occasions requiring rapid sampling and not easy to freeze water.
A saliva catcher 9 is connected between the outer end of the inclined air pipe 10 and the expiration nozzle 8. The basic principle of the saliva catcher 9 is that two cylinders are nested together in reverse. After the expiratory airflow enters from the expiration nozzle 8 and enters from the slit between the two cylinders, the airflow is turned, saliva droplets with larger particle sizes are captured, and the microbial aerosol in the expired air enters the inclined air tube 10 of the sampling device and finally enters the centrifugal sampling tube 5. The saliva catcher 9 is made of photosensitive resin and is integrally formed by 3D printing. The outer cylinder inner diameter was 26mm and the inner cylinder outer diameter was 24 mm.
The exhalation valve 8 is a flat mouthpiece exhalation valve. The exhalation valves 8 are made of polypropylene, and are each aseptically and independently packaged. The inner diameter is 24mm, the outer diameter is 26mm, and the length is 60 mm.
An exhaled breath aerosol sampling method, comprising the steps of:
1) cooling the exhaled air to condense the exhaled air aerosol;
2) cyclone collection is performed during the cooling of the exhaled breath.
In this embodiment, an exhaled breath aerosol sampling device collects microbial aerosols in exhaled breath using the above exhaled breath aerosol sampling method.
The working process of the exhaled breath aerosol sampling device described in this embodiment is as follows: before use, the centrifugal sampling tube 5 was screwed to the middle layer thread of the sampler cover 3, then 215mL of water was poured into the sampler housing 6, and then the sampler housing 6 containing water was screwed to the outer layer thread of the sampler cover 3, and was placed in a refrigerator in advance to be frozen. When in use, the expiration nozzle 8 is inserted on the saliva catcher 9, and then the saliva catcher 9 is inserted at the outer end of the inclined air pipe 10 of the sampler cover 3. Then the high-efficiency filter 1 is inserted at the outer end of the vertical air pipe 2 of the sampler cover 3, and finally the sampler shell 6 is sleeved with the heat preservation sleeve 7. The tester holds the exhaled air aerosol sampling device by hand, holds the exhalation nozzle 8 in the mouth to collect exhaled air, in the sampling process, the tester only inhales air by nose and exhales air by mouth, sample liquid of the microbial aerosol in about 600 plus 1000 mu L exhaled air can be collected after 3-5min exhalation, then the sampler cover 3 is unscrewed, the centrifugal sampling tube 5 is taken out, the original cover is screwed on the centrifugal sampling tube 5 to store or immediately analyze the sample, and the sampling is finished.
The exhaled gas aerosol sampling device described in this embodiment adopts ice formed after water freezing as a refrigerant, provides a low temperature environment for the sampling device, utilizes the high temperature and high humidity characteristics of exhaled gas, condenses and grows microbial aerosol with a smaller particle size to a larger particle size, and then collects the microbial aerosol in the centrifugal sampling tube 5 by cyclone centrifugal separation. The exhaled breath aerosol sampling device provided by the invention has high collection efficiency, and the sampling effect of the exhaled breath aerosol sampling device is compared with that of the existing commercialized exhaled breath sampler RTube, and is shown in figure 3.
The exhaled air aerosol sampling device is simple in structure, good in portability, simple in operation of the collection method, low in manufacturing cost, disposable in design, capable of being discarded after harmless treatment after use, and capable of avoiding cross infection between a testee and a sample to the maximum extent. The design of a 50mL centrifuge tube as the centrifugal sampling tube 5 can avoid the tedious operation of collecting samples of the current commercial sampler (such as RTube). The invention can efficiently and rapidly collect the microbial aerosol in the exhaled breath in a non-invasive way, can reduce the discomfort of a testee compared with other respiratory tract sample sampling ways, and the collected sample can be used for detecting pathogenic microorganisms in the exhaled breath, thereby assisting the epidemiological investigation and the diagnosis of diseases such as respiratory tract infection and the like.
Finally, it should be pointed out that: the above examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An exhaled breath aerosol sampling device, characterized by: comprises a sampler cover, a centrifugal sampling pipe, a sampler shell, a vertical air pipe, a filter, an inclined air pipe and an expiration nozzle; the inner side of the sampler cover is provided with double-layer threads, the threads in the middle layer are connected with a centrifugal sampling pipe, the threads in the outer layer are connected with a sampler shell, and a gap is reserved between the centrifugal sampling pipe and the sampler shell; a vertical air pipe is arranged in the center of the sampler cover, the outer end of the vertical air pipe is connected with a filter, and the inner end of the vertical air pipe enters the centrifugal sampling pipe; the periphery of the sampler cover is provided with an inclined air pipe, an inner port of the inclined air pipe is tangent to the inner wall of the centrifugal sampling pipe, and the outer end of the inclined air pipe is connected with the exhalation nozzle.
2. The exhaled breath aerosol sampling apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the inner port of the inclined air pipe is tangent to the inner wall of the centrifugal sampling pipe in a downward inclination mode.
3. The exhaled breath aerosol sampling apparatus of claim 1, wherein: a cooling layer is arranged in a gap between the centrifugal sampling pipe and the shell of the sampler, and a heat-insulating sleeve wraps the shell of the sampler.
4. The exhaled breath aerosol sampling apparatus of claim 3, wherein: and a cooling layer between the centrifugal sampling pipe and the shell of the sampler is cold storage liquid.
5. The exhaled breath aerosol sampling apparatus of claim 4, wherein: the cold accumulation liquid between the centrifugal sampling pipe and the shell of the sampler is water.
6. The exhaled breath aerosol sampling apparatus of claim 3, wherein: a refrigerator is arranged in a gap between the centrifugal sampling pipe and the shell of the sampler.
7. The exhaled breath aerosol sampling apparatus of claim 1, wherein: a saliva catcher is connected between the outer end of the inclined trachea and the expiration mouth.
8. The exhaled breath aerosol sampling apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the bottom of the centrifugal sampling tube is conical.
9. The exhaled breath aerosol sampling apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the breath nozzle is a flat-shaped seaming breath nozzle.
10. An exhaled breath aerosol sampling method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the exhaled breath aerosol sampling steps are as follows:
1) cooling the exhaled air to condense the exhaled air aerosol;
2) cyclone collection is performed during the cooling of the exhaled breath.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111191148.4A CN113892977A (en) | 2021-10-13 | 2021-10-13 | Exhaled air aerosol sampling device and method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111191148.4A CN113892977A (en) | 2021-10-13 | 2021-10-13 | Exhaled air aerosol sampling device and method |
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| CN113892977A true CN113892977A (en) | 2022-01-07 |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8176766B1 (en) * | 2008-03-27 | 2012-05-15 | Alcotek, Inc. | Liquid and solid trapping mouthpiece |
| WO2017176970A1 (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2017-10-12 | The University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Bioaerosol detection systems and methods of use |
| CN111225610A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2020-06-02 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Attachment apparatus and method for obtaining a sample from respiratory air for a sample collection device |
| CN212997877U (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2021-04-20 | 深圳泰乐德医疗有限公司 | Expired gas condensate collecting device |
| CN112890871A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-06-04 | 北京大学 | Exhaled breath condensate portable sampler and sampling method |
-
2021
- 2021-10-13 CN CN202111191148.4A patent/CN113892977A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8176766B1 (en) * | 2008-03-27 | 2012-05-15 | Alcotek, Inc. | Liquid and solid trapping mouthpiece |
| WO2017176970A1 (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2017-10-12 | The University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Bioaerosol detection systems and methods of use |
| CN111225610A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2020-06-02 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Attachment apparatus and method for obtaining a sample from respiratory air for a sample collection device |
| CN212997877U (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2021-04-20 | 深圳泰乐德医疗有限公司 | Expired gas condensate collecting device |
| CN112890871A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-06-04 | 北京大学 | Exhaled breath condensate portable sampler and sampling method |
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