CN113890050A - 一种电动汽车有序并网无功补偿控制方法 - Google Patents
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- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
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- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
本发明公布了一种电动汽车有序并网无功补偿控制方法,属于无功补偿控制技术领域。包括分析电动汽车集群效应,对电动汽车集群建模,获取电动汽车充电负荷曲线;制定基于最优功率分配的有序充电策略,获取电动汽车有序充电负荷曲线;计算充电站负载率以及区域电网的负荷波动率;建立含电动汽车充电站的无功补偿控制模型;以配电网有功损耗最小为目标,建立无功优化模型。
Description
技术领域
本发明公布了一种电动汽车有序并网无功补偿控制方法,属于无功补偿控制技术领域。
背景技术
近年来,我国政府出台相关政策大力支持电动汽车的发展,使得越来越多电动汽车大规模接入电网。然而电动汽车作为负荷,具有时间以及空间上的不确定性,大规模电动汽车不确定性的充电行为会对配电网的经济安全运行产生很大影响。
根据分析电动汽车作为随机负荷的运行特性,研究电动汽车充电负荷的影响因素。针对大规模电动汽车无序入网引发的电网负荷“峰上加峰”的问题,制定基于最优功率分配的有序充电策略。
传统无功优化问题是通过对电力系统中的发电机机端电压、变压器分接头以及无功补偿器投切这些变量的控制,达到降低网损的目的。考虑到电动汽车集群在有序充电策略的调节下负荷曲线的平抑变化以及对电动汽车充电站的无功控制,本文含电动汽车充电的无功优化在传统无功优化问题的基础上加上对电动汽车充电站功率因数的控制进行无功补偿。首先对电动汽车集群建模,执行有序充电策略得到负荷曲线,接入配电网计算潮流得到每个节点的有功无功,以及网络损耗等。在状态变量以及控制变量的约束下,以网络损耗最小,建立无功优化模型。
发明内容
本发明公布了一种电动汽车有序并网无功补偿控制方法,属于无功补偿控制技术领域。针对目前电动汽车并网接入引起的电网负荷“峰上加峰”现象和电网电能质量下降问题,提出了基于最优功率分配的有序充电策略和考虑电动汽车有序充电的配电网无功补偿控制方法。
为达到上述目标,本发明以如下技术方案实现:
1.提供一种电动汽车有序并网无功补偿控制方法,其特征在于,属于无功补偿控制技术领域。包括分析电动汽车集群效应,对电动汽车集群建模,获取电动汽车充电负荷曲线;制定基于最优功率分配的有序充电策略,获取电动汽车有序充电负荷曲线;计算充电站负载率以及区域电网的负荷波动率;建立含电动汽车充电站的无功补偿控制模型;以配电网有功损耗最小为目标,建立无功优化模型。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,分析电动汽车的运行特性以及出行规律,对主要影响因素分析其对电动汽车负荷大小的影响程度,采用蒙特卡洛模拟与概率统计分析相结合的方法进行电动汽车集群负荷建模,从而获取电动汽车充电负荷曲线。例如充电开始时间是影响电动汽车充电负荷的主要因素之一,根据现有的统计数据可知充电开始时间近似服从正态分布,其概率密度函数公式为:
计算电动汽车充电负荷曲线的具体步骤如图1所示。
3.根据权利要求1所述基于最优功率分配的有序充电策略,其特征在于,鉴于电动汽车充电站会对电网运行的安全性与稳定性产生影响,根据配电网内部分布式电源的供电能力与用户负载率的实时变化,要求配电网控制中心对电动汽车充电站的瞬时总功率进行限制。假设一个瞬时总功率上限为的电动汽车充电站,其中容纳有N辆电动汽车,如上图所示,将第i辆电动汽车的瞬时充电功率记为Pi(t),瞬时充电功率上限记为Pi max(t)。
当时,瞬时充电功率供应不足,因此,在最优情况下充电站内全部电动汽车的充电功率之和需要满足这意味着部分电动汽车无法达到自身的充电功率上限。这时对当前接入电网的电动汽车根据它们的荷电状态、剩余充电时间以及充电功率执行最优功率分配策略,保证电量不多但剩余充电时间短的电动汽车能够优先充电,避免了在其他功率分配策略下有电动汽车一直充不到电的情况。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电动汽车有序并网无功补偿控制方法,其特征在于结合电动汽车充电站的有功负荷值,计算充电站负载率α,具体为:
α=Pc_Σ/Pc_max
其中,Pc_Σ为待优化时段充电站总的有功负荷;Pc_max为充电站额定有功功率。
结合充电站所在区域电网负荷值,计算区域电网负荷率β:
β=Pload_Σ/Pload_max
其中,Pload_∑为待优化时段区域电网的有功负荷值;Pload_max为区域电网一年内的最大有功负荷。
5.根据权利要求1所述的电动汽车有序并网无功补偿控制方法,其特征在于,结合电动汽车充电站负载率α以及充电站所在区域电网负荷率β,建立充电站主动参与电网无功补偿模型,得到充电站并网点功率因数控制目标范围:
其中,αmax、αmin分别为电动汽车充电站高峰和低谷时段的负载率阈值;βmax、βmin分别为负荷高峰和低谷时段区域电网的负荷率阈值;a、b为相应的权重系数,且a+b=0.1。
补偿前:
则需求的补偿容量为:
7.根据权利要求1所述的电动汽车综合无功补偿控制方法,其特征在于,在建立电动汽车充电站主动参与电网无功补偿模型后,以配电网有功损耗最小为目标,建立无功优化模型,目标函数为:
根据电网实际运行情况设置约束条件,分为等式约束和不等式约束。
功率平衡方程:
附图说明
以下将结合附图对本发明的实施方案进行描述,其中:
图1为根据本发明实施方案示出的电动汽车集群负荷曲线计算流程图
图2为根据本发明实施方案示出的有序充电策略示意图
图3为根据本发明实施方案示出的电动汽车并网系统电路图。
Claims (7)
1.提供一种电动汽车有序并网无功补偿控制方法,其特征在于,属于无功补偿控制技术领域。包括分析电动汽车集群效应,对电动汽车集群建模,获取电动汽车充电负荷曲线;制定基于最优功率分配的有序充电策略,获取电动汽车有序充电负荷曲线;计算充电站负载率以及区域电网的负荷波动率;建立含电动汽车充电站的无功补偿控制模型;以配电网有功损耗最小为目标,建立无功优化模型。
3.根据权利要求1所述基于最优功率分配的有序充电策略,其特征在于,鉴于电动汽车充电站会对电网运行的安全性与稳定性产生影响,根据配电网内部分布式电源的供电能力与用户负载率的实时变化,要求配电网控制中心对电动汽车充电站的瞬时总功率进行限制。假设一个瞬时总功率上限为的电动汽车充电站,其中容纳有N辆电动汽车,如上图所示,将第i辆电动汽车的瞬时充电功率记为Pi(t),瞬时充电功率上限记为Pi max(t)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电动汽车有序并网无功补偿控制方法,其特征在于结合电动汽车充电站的有功负荷值,计算充电站负载率α,具体为:
α=Pc_∑/Pc_max
其中,Pc_Σ为待优化时段充电站总的有功负荷;Pc_max为充电站额定有功功率。
结合充电站所在区域电网负荷值,计算区域电网负荷率β:
β=Pload_Σ/Pload_max
其中,Pload_Σ为待优化时段区域电网的有功负荷值;Pload_max为区域电网一年内的最大有功负荷。
7.根据权利要求1所述的电动汽车综合无功补偿控制方法,其特征在于,在建立电动汽车充电站主动参与电网无功补偿模型后,以配电网有功损耗最小为目标,建立无功优化模型,目标函数为:
根据电网实际运行情况设置约束条件,分为等式约束和不等式约束。
功率平衡方程:
不等式约束包括状态变量的不等式约束,发电机无功出力上下限:
QGimin≤QGi≤QGimax;节点电压上下限:Uimin≤Ui≤Uimax;控制变量的不等式约束,无功补偿容量的上下限:QCimin≤QCi≤QCimax;发电机机端电压的上下限:
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CN115241891B (zh) * | 2022-07-07 | 2023-10-24 | 扬州浩辰电力设计有限公司 | 110kV变电站多组投切无功补偿装置的投切控制方法 |
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