CN113882330A

CN113882330A - Continuous ladder spillway of double entry

Info

Publication number: CN113882330A
Application number: CN202110977631.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吉全之
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-08-24
Filing date: 2021-08-24
Publication date: 2022-01-04

Abstract

The invention provides a compound continuous step spillway, and relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering. The utility model provides a continuous ladder spillway of double entry, includes the spillway main part, and the spillway main part includes power section and a flat section of armoring, and the one end that flat section of armoring is connected with the power section is the slope form setting, and the one end orientation of flat section slope of armoring is kept away from the one end direction slope of power section. The invention can make the water body flowing at high speed consume the kinetic energy of the downward flowing in the two sections by arranging the dissipation section and the apron section in the spillway main body in sequence, so that the discharged water body can be stably in the fluid, thereby not only ensuring that the discharged water body can not damage the animals and plants at the river, but also protecting the riverbed from being washed at high speed, and ensuring that the whole river keeps the original ecological environment; the invention has the advantages of simple structure, easy construction, small work amount, low cost, wide application range, strong practicability and convenient popularization and use in a large range.

Description

Continuous ladder spillway of double entry

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering, in particular to a compound continuous step spillway.

Background

Hydraulic engineering is an engineering built for controlling and allocating surface water and underground water in nature to achieve the purposes of removing harmful substances and benefiting. Also known as water engineering. Water is a valuable resource essential for human production and life, but its naturally occurring state does not completely meet the needs of human beings. Only when hydraulic engineering is built, water flow can be controlled, flood disasters are prevented, and water quantity is adjusted and distributed to meet the requirements of people on water resources in life and production. Hydraulic engineering needs to build various types of hydraulic buildings such as dams, dikes, spillways, water gates, water inlets, channels, transition troughs, rafts, fishways and the like so as to achieve the aims.

The spillway is the flood control equipment of water conservancy buildings such as reservoir, is a ring among the hydraulic engineering, and the spillway is built in one side of dam more, like a vat, and when the water level exceeded safety limit in the reservoir, water just flowed downstream from the spillway, prevented that the dam from being destroyed.

As a spillway arranged in water conservancy and hydropower engineering, the spillway not only can meet the flood discharge capacity, but also can ensure the safety of a flood discharge building during operation, is well connected with the original river water flow and can fully play the due energy dissipation effect so as to avoid the scouring damage of the downstream river bed and bank slope caused by the downward discharge water flow. The step spillway is designed to be step-shaped with smooth overflow surface, on one hand, roughness of the water passing wall surface can be increased, on the other hand, a great amount of aeration can be carried out on water flow due to the formed falling ridge, so that loss of on-way capacity in the water flow discharging process is increased, downstream energy dissipation pressure is reduced, and meanwhile, aeration corrosion reduction protection is carried out on the wall surface of the spillway, cavitation corrosion is reduced, and safe operation of a water discharging building is guaranteed. At present, the stepped spillway is widely applied to water conservancy and hydropower engineering.

The existing step spillway is difficult to meet the requirements of flood discharge and energy dissipation in the aspects of steady flow and energy dissipation rate, and local damage is easily caused to the spillway when the water flow is overlarge.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a compound continuous step spillway which can realize the efficiency of draining water.

The embodiment of the invention is realized by the following steps:

the embodiment of the application provides continuous ladder spillway of double entry, including the spillway main part, the spillway main part includes efflorescence section and apron section, the apron section with the one end that efflorescence section is connected is the slope form setting, the one end orientation of apron section slope is kept away from the one end direction slope of efflorescence section.

In some embodiments of the invention, the above-mentioned further includes a sea membrane section, one end of the sea membrane section is connected with the other end of the apron section, the top of the apron section is horizontal, and the top surface of the sea membrane section is inclined towards one side of the ground surface on the basis of the top surface of the apron section.

In some embodiments of the invention, the above further comprises an inlet section and a steep slope section, the inlet section has a top level higher than the top level of the dissipating section, and the inlet section, the steep slope section, the dissipating section, the apron section and the sea section are connected in sequence.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the steep segment is bent along the extending direction thereof.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the outside of the spillway body is filled with backfill soil, and the backfill soil is filled on the outside of the steep slope section with the bent corner.

In some embodiments of the present invention, drainage ditches are disposed in the filling soil along the extending direction of the spillway body, and a plurality of drainage ports are disposed at intervals in the drainage ditches and communicated with the spillway body.

In some embodiments of the invention, the top surface of the steep section has a plurality of protrusions.

In some embodiments of the invention, the projection is inclined toward the inlet section side.

In some embodiments of the present invention, an expansion joint is disposed at a connection between the sidewall and the bottom of the spillway body.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the spillway body is made of masonry stones.

Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has at least the following advantages or beneficial effects:

the embodiment of the invention provides a compound continuous step spillway which comprises a spillway main body, wherein the spillway main body comprises a force dissipating section and a flat protecting section, one end, connected with the force dissipating section, of the flat protecting section is arranged in an inclined mode, and the inclined end of the flat protecting section inclines towards the direction of the end far away from the force dissipating section. The spillway main body is used for releasing flood which cannot be contained in planned reservoir capacity, and ensuring the safe open type of a dam body or a spillway release structure with a breast wall water inlet; the force dissipating section contained in the spillway main body is a force dissipating pool, the force dissipating section is used for generating hydraulic jump of the water body discharged with high-speed water flow at the position, so that the discharged water body can consume kinetic energy, and the water body generating the hydraulic jump can directly pour and impact on the wall platform which is inclined at the front end of the apron section, so that the kinetic energy of the water body after the hydraulic jump is greatly reduced, and the riverbed can be protected from the harmful scouring of the water flow; meanwhile, the inclined slope platform of the apron section inclines away from one side of the force dissipating section, and the design can ensure that the discharged water body can flow into the subsequent section along the apron section and is discharged into a river after a hydraulic jump is generated; the invention can make the water body flowing at high speed consume the kinetic energy of the downward flowing in the two sections by arranging the dissipation section and the apron section in the spillway main body in sequence, so that the discharged water body can be stably in the fluid, thereby not only ensuring that the discharged water body can not damage the animals and plants at the river, but also protecting the riverbed from being washed at high speed, and ensuring that the whole river keeps the original ecological environment; the invention has the advantages of simple structure, easy construction, small work amount, low cost, wide application range, strong practicability and convenient popularization and use in a large range.

When the sluice gate is actually used, a worker opens the sluice gate, overflowed water enters the spillway main body and flows along the extending direction of the spillway main body, the discharged water generates kinetic energy in the advancing process to further realize high-speed flowing water, the high-speed flowing water enters the dissipating section under the action of the kinetic energy to generate water jump and flap on the apron section, and the high-speed flowing water gradually forms stable and slow-speed flowing water along the apron section after passing through the energy consumption effect and flows into a river in butt joint with the spillway main body.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of a spillway according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a spillway according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic vertical sectional view of the spillway according to the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the internal top surface of the force dissipating section according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Icon: 1-spillway body; 101-an inlet section; 102-a steep slope section; 103-force eliminating section; 1031-bumps; 104-a apron section; 105-sea section; 106-expansion joint; 2-backfilling; 201-drainage ditch.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.

Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, if the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or the orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention are usually placed in when used, the orientations or positional relationships are only used for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but the terms do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements indicated must have specific orientations, be constructed in specific orientations, and operate, and therefore, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Furthermore, the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "overhang" and the like do not require that the components be absolutely horizontal or overhang, but may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.

In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be further noted that unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

Examples

Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, fig. 1 is a schematic top view of a spillway according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a spillway according to an embodiment of the present invention

The embodiment of the invention provides a compound continuous step spillway, which comprises a spillway main body 1, wherein the spillway main body 1 comprises a force dissipating section 103 and a flat protecting section 104, one end of the flat protecting section 104, which is connected with the force dissipating section 103, is arranged in an inclined manner, and the inclined end of the flat protecting section 104 inclines towards the direction of the end far away from the force dissipating section 103. The spillway main body 1 is used for releasing flood which cannot be contained in planned reservoir capacity, and ensuring the safe open type of a dam body or a spillway release structure with a breast wall water inlet; the force eliminating section 103 contained in the spillway main body 1 is a force eliminating pool, the force eliminating section 103 is used for generating hydraulic jump of the water body which is discharged with high-speed water flow at the position, so that the discharged water body can consume kinetic energy, and meanwhile, the water body which generates the hydraulic jump can be directly poured and impacted on the wall platform which is inclined at the front end of the apron section 104, so that the kinetic energy of the water body after the hydraulic jump is greatly reduced, and the riverbed can be protected from the dangerous scouring of the water flow; meanwhile, the inclined ramp of the apron section 104 is inclined away from one side of the dissipating section 103, and the design can ensure that the discharged water body can flow into a subsequent section along the apron section 104 and is discharged into a river after a hydraulic jump is generated; according to the invention, the power dissipation section 103 and the apron section 104 which are sequentially connected are arranged in the spillway main body 1, so that kinetic energy of high-speed flowing water bodies flowing downwards can be consumed in the two sections, the discharged water bodies can be stably in fluid, the discharged water bodies can not damage animals and plants at the river edge, the riverbed can be protected from being washed at high speed, and the original ecological environment of the whole river can be ensured; the invention has the advantages of simple structure, easy construction, small work amount, low cost, wide application range, strong practicability and convenient popularization and use in a large range.

The stilling section 103 in this embodiment is a stilling basin, which facilitates the generation of a underflow type hydraulic jump energy dissipation facility downstream of the water release structure. The stilling basin can quickly change the downward flow into the slow flow, generally eliminate the kinetic energy of the downward flow by 40 to 70 percent, shorten the length of the apron and is an effective and economic energy dissipation facility; the rapid flow discharged from the water outlet structure is converted into slow flow so as to eliminate the energy dissipation mode of kinetic energy. Because the main flow is located at the bottom of the trench, it is also called underflow energy dissipation. The hydraulic energy dissipation mainly depends on the surface rolling generated by the hydraulic energy and the strong turbulence, shearing and mixing action between the surface rolling and the bottom flow. The energy dissipation device has the advantages of stable flow state, better energy dissipation effect, strong adaptability to geological conditions and tail water variable amplitude, small tail water fluctuation, low maintenance cost and the like; the apron section 104 in this embodiment is used to protect the riverbed from water scouring or other erosive damage to the rigid structural facilities; the water flow on the apron is disordered and the load of the water flow comprises dead weight, water weight, uplift pressure, pulsating pressure, impact force of the water flow and the like. Because the stress condition is complex, the apron is close to the gate chamber or the dam body, and once the apron is damaged, the safety of the gate dam is directly influenced, so that the apron is required to have enough weight, strength, impact resistance and wear resistance, the apron is ensured not to be floated or washed down under the action of external force, and the final determination of the thickness of the apron usually needs to refer to the application experience of the built engineering; in large and medium-sized low water head water outlet buildings, 0.5-1.0m is generally adopted, in high water head water outlet buildings, the water flow impact force and the pulsating pressure are usually determined through a hydraulic model test, the thickness is checked and calculated according to the most unfavorable stress condition of the apron, the apron is constructed by common reinforced concrete, reinforcing steel bars are uniformly distributed at the top layer and the bottom layer of the apron under the general condition, the small-sized engineering can also be only provided with the reinforcing steel bars at the top layer, in order to reduce or eliminate the osmotic pressure under the apron, a drainage inverted filter layer is paved at the bottom, and a drainage hole is arranged at the rear half part of the horizontal section; the apron, the lock chamber (or dam body) and the wing wall need to be separated by a sinking seam to adapt to uneven settlement, when the apron is wider, a transverse seam along the water flow direction needs to be arranged, the distance between the transverse seams is related to the foundation condition, and the transverse seam perpendicular to the water flow direction is not arranged generally, so that the overall stability of the apron is ensured.

During the actual use, the staff opens the floodgate, and the water that overflows gets into spillway main part 1 to flow along the extending direction of spillway main part 1, and the in-process kinetic energy that produces of excreted water at the marching realizes the water that flows at a high speed, and the water that flows at a high speed pours into dissipation section 103 under the effect of power and produces the hydraulic jump and slap at apron section 104, and the water that flows at a high speed gradually forms the water that flows at a slow speed along apron section 104 after the power consumption effect and pours into the river of spillway main part 1 butt joint into.

In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present invention further includes a sea section 105, one end of the sea section 105 is connected to the other end of the apron section 104, the top of the apron section 104 is horizontal, and the top surface of the sea section 105 is inclined toward the ground surface side based on the top surface of the apron section 104. The inclined sea-island section 105 can eliminate residual energy of the water body with residual kinetic energy and enable the water body to flow into a river.

The sea-island section 105 in this embodiment is a water conservancy energy dissipation and scour prevention facility, and after the water flow is greatly dissipated energy through the stilling basin or the apron, a certain surplus energy is kept, and the sea-island has the functions of eliminating the surplus energy of the water flow, adjusting the flow velocity distribution, and uniformly diffusing the water flow out of the basin to enable the water flow to be close to the water flow state of a natural river channel so as to protect the river bed from being washed away. The sea-island section 105 is a bottom-protecting energy-dissipation and impact-prevention structure with certain flexibility, which is arranged at the downstream of a stilling basin or the downstream of an stilling basin of a water outlet structure and used for protecting a river bed from being washed by water flow, the water flow can still maintain certain residual energy after being subjected to large-amplitude energy dissipation by the stilling basin or the stilling basin, and the sea-island section is used for eliminating the residual energy of the water flow, adjusting the flow velocity distribution, uniformly diffusing the water flow out of the basin to enable the water flow to be close to the water flow state of a natural river channel, so as to protect the river bed from being washed.

In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present invention further comprises an inlet section 101 and a steep slope section 102, wherein the top level of the inlet section 101 is higher than the top level of the stilling section 103, and the inlet section 101, the steep slope section 102, the stilling section 103, the apron section 104 and the sea level section 105 are connected in sequence.

The inlet section 101 in this embodiment is connected to a reservoir, and a gate for discharging water is provided at the inlet thereof; the inlet section 101 is arranged above the dissipating section 103, so that fluid entering the spillway from the inlet section 101 can rapidly flow out along the steep slope section 102 and perform effectiveness work through the dissipating section 103 and the apron section 104; the steep slope section 102 refers to a channel bottom slope with a slope larger than a critical bottom slope and also refers to a steeply rising slope, so that water in an upstream channel or a water area is drained to a drop height building of a downstream channel or a water area along a steep groove, and the steep slope section is mainly used for flood discharge and drainage and water withdrawal; the slopes of the steep slope sections 102 are generally larger than the critical slope, the common slope ratio is 1: 5, the cross section is trapezoidal, and the bottom of the groove is in a diffusion type on the plane arrangement; in order to reduce the flow speed and improve the flow state, water-blocking strips (rough strips) are usually built at equal intervals at the bottom of the tank and are roughened, and the tail end of the steep slope section 102 is connected with a force eliminating section 103.

In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the steep slope section 102 is bent along its extension direction. After the gate is opened, the water body rushes out of the inlet section 101 due to different internal and external pressures, and a corner is arranged on the steep slope section 102 for reducing the kinetic energy of the water body, so that the first kinetic energy consumption is realized when the water body rushing into the steep slope section 102 in the early stage is impacted at the corner, and the water body can move forwards along the extension direction of the steep slope section 102.

In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the outside of the spillway body 1 is filled with backfill 2, and the backfill 2 is filled on the outside of the steep slope section 102 with the bent corners. The filled backfill 2 can be absorbed by the water flushed in the corners, the walls being splashed on the external structure. ,

in some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, drainage ditches 201 are disposed in the filling soil along the extending direction of the spillway body 1, and a plurality of drainage openings are disposed at intervals in the drainage ditches 201 and communicated with the spillway body 1. The splashed water can enter the drainage ditch 201 and flow back into the spillway body 1 from the drainage port.

In some embodiments of the invention, as shown in fig. 4, the top surface of the steep section 102 has a number of protrusions 1031.

The protrusions 1031 in this embodiment are arc-shaped, and the high-speed fluid rushing into the force dissipation section 103 from the steep slope section 102 is cut by the protrusions 1031, so that the water body continuously turns to weaken the primary kinetic energy.

In some embodiments of the invention, as shown in fig. 4, the projection 1031 slopes toward the inducer 101 side. The protrusion 1031 inclines towards one side of the inlet section 101 to block the water body, so that the energy consumption effect is further realized.

In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, an expansion joint 106 is disposed at the connection between the sidewall and the bottom of the spillway body 1. Because the spillway main body 1 is in an outdoor environment all the year round and can experience different climates, the expansion joint 106 can be arranged to prevent the integral structure of the spillway from collapsing after expansion with heat and contraction with cold; the expansion joint 106 is a structural joint provided at an appropriate position along the direction of a construction joint of a building or a structure to prevent the structure from being cracked or damaged due to a change in weather temperature (thermal expansion or cold contraction). The expansion joint 106 is used to divide the building components above the foundation, such as wall, floor, and roof (except for wooden roof), into two independent parts, so that the building or structure can horizontally expand and contract along the length direction.

In some embodiments of the invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the spillway body 1 is built up of masonry. The spillway main body 1 built by masonry stones is high in structural strength, long in service life and good in water seepage prevention performance.

The masonry stone in the embodiment is a masonry stone body made of a cementing material, and the stone blocks keep the stability of the building by means of the binding force and the friction force of the cementing material and the weight of the stone blocks. The application range of the masonry stone is further expanded, for example, in order to improve the tensile strength and the shear strength of the masonry stone, a reinforcing mesh or reinforcing steel bars are laid on a cementing material layer. The basic principles of the design of a grouted masonry building, with or without reinforcement, are similar to those commonly used in concrete or reinforced concrete.

In summary, the embodiment of the present invention provides a compound continuous ladder spillway, which includes a spillway body 1, wherein the spillway body 1 includes a dissipating section 103 and a apron section 104, an end of the apron section 104 connected to the dissipating section 103 is disposed in an inclined manner, and an inclined end of the apron section 104 is inclined toward an end far away from the dissipating section 103. The spillway main body 1 is used for releasing flood which cannot be contained in planned reservoir capacity, and ensuring the safe open type of a dam body or a spillway release structure with a breast wall water inlet; the force eliminating section 103 contained in the spillway main body 1 is a force eliminating pool, the force eliminating section 103 is used for generating hydraulic jump of the water body which is discharged with high-speed water flow at the position, so that the discharged water body can consume kinetic energy, and meanwhile, the water body which generates the hydraulic jump can be directly poured and impacted on the wall platform which is inclined at the front end of the apron section 104, so that the kinetic energy of the water body after the hydraulic jump is greatly reduced, and the riverbed can be protected from the dangerous scouring of the water flow; meanwhile, the inclined ramp of the apron section 104 is inclined away from one side of the dissipating section 103, and the design can ensure that the discharged water body can flow into a subsequent section along the apron section 104 and is discharged into a river after a hydraulic jump is generated; according to the invention, the power dissipation section 103 and the apron section 104 which are sequentially connected are arranged in the spillway main body 1, so that kinetic energy of high-speed flowing water bodies flowing downwards can be consumed in the two sections, the discharged water bodies can be stably in fluid, the discharged water bodies can not damage animals and plants at the river edge, the riverbed can be protected from being washed at high speed, and the original ecological environment of the whole river can be ensured; the invention has the advantages of simple structure, easy construction, small work amount, low cost, wide application range, strong practicability and convenient popularization and use in a large range.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The compound continuous ladder spillway is characterized by comprising a spillway main body, wherein the spillway main body comprises a force dissipating section and a flat protecting section, the flat protecting section and one end connected with the force dissipating section are arranged in an inclined manner, and the inclined end of the flat protecting section inclines towards the direction of the end far away from the force dissipating section.

2. The compound continuous ladder spillway according to claim 1, further comprising a sea section, wherein one end of the sea section is connected with the other end of the apron section, the top of the apron section is horizontal, and the top surface of the sea section is inclined towards one side of the ground surface on the basis of the top surface of the apron section.

3. A compound continuous step spillway according to claim 2, further comprising an entrance section and a steep section, wherein the top level of the entrance section is higher than the top level of the dissipating section, and the entrance section, the steep section, the dissipating section, the apron section and the sea section are connected in sequence.

4. A compound continuous step spillway according to claim 3, wherein said steep sections are curved along their extent.

5. A compound continuous step spillway according to claim 4, wherein the exterior of the spillway body is filled with backfill soil which fills the exterior of the steep section having the angled corners.

6. The multiple continuous stepped spillway according to claim 5, wherein a drainage ditch is formed in the filling soil along the extending direction of the spillway body, and a plurality of drainage ports communicated with the spillway body are formed at intervals in the drainage ditch.

7. A compound continuous step spillway according to claim 3, wherein the top surface of said steep section has a plurality of protrusions.

8. A compound continuous ladder spillway according to claim 7, wherein said projections are inclined towards one side of said inducer.

9. A compound continuous step spillway according to claim 1, wherein the junction of the side wall and the bottom of the spillway body is provided with expansion joints.

10. A compound continuous step spillway according to claim 1, wherein the spillway body is constructed of masonry.