CN113881660A - Carbon-based material, preparation method thereof and application thereof in treatment of fruit and vegetable waste - Google Patents
Carbon-based material, preparation method thereof and application thereof in treatment of fruit and vegetable waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN113881660A CN113881660A CN202111121727.1A CN202111121727A CN113881660A CN 113881660 A CN113881660 A CN 113881660A CN 202111121727 A CN202111121727 A CN 202111121727A CN 113881660 A CN113881660 A CN 113881660A
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- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241001148471 unidentified anaerobic bacterium Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000012880 LB liquid culture medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001074903 Methanobacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N11/00—Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
- C12N11/14—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an inorganic carrier
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/318—Preparation characterised by the starting materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/318—Preparation characterised by the starting materials
- C01B32/324—Preparation characterised by the starting materials from waste materials, e.g. tyres or spent sulfite pulp liquor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/336—Preparation characterised by gaseous activating agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
- C12P5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons acyclic
- C12P5/023—Methane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of environment-friendly materials, and particularly discloses a carbon-based material, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in treatment of fruit and vegetable wastes. The preparation method of the carbon-based material comprises the following steps: (1) mixing the corn straw powder and the coke powder to obtain a mixed raw material; (2) putting the mixed raw materials into a mixed acid solution, soaking for 3-6 h, taking out, and washing to be neutral; (3) under the protection of nitrogen, the raw material soaked in the mixed acid solution is carbonized for 2-4 hours at the temperature of 400-450 ℃; then, the temperature is increased to 800-900 ℃ and carbonization is carried out for 3-6 h; (4) introducing water vapor, and activating at 800-900 ℃ for 30-60 min to obtain the activated carbon adsorption material; (5) and (3) putting the activated carbon adsorption material into the bacterial liquid for soaking for 5-10 days, and taking out to obtain the carbon-based material. The carbon-based material can greatly fix anaerobic bacteria, and can promote the anaerobic bacteria to improve the gas production and improve the volatile solid content removal rate of the waste fruits and vegetables.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of environment-friendly materials, in particular to a carbon-based material, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in treatment of fruit and vegetable wastes.
Background
The fruit and vegetable waste comprises fruit waste and vegetable waste; fruit waste including discarded fruit after rotting and fruit residue after eating; the vegetable waste refers to straw, vine, root, stem and leaf, rotten fruit and other waste generated in the vegetable planting and processing process.
If the fruit and vegetable wastes are not properly treated, the environmental pollution can be caused; therefore, the treatment of fruit and vegetable wastes is one of the environmental problems to be solved. At present, modes of landfill, incineration, high-temperature composting, fermentation and the like are common methods for treating fruit and vegetable wastes. However, the existing fermentation method has the problems of long fermentation time, low volatile solid content removal rate, low gas production rate and the like when fruit and vegetable wastes are treated. If one of the above technical problems can be successfully solved, better economic benefits can be obtained in the treatment of vegetable and fruit wastes by adopting a fermentation mode.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome at least one of the above technical problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a carbon-based material.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing a carbon-based material, comprising the steps of:
(1) mixing the corn straw powder and the coke powder to obtain a mixed raw material;
(2) putting the mixed raw materials into a mixed acid solution, soaking for 3-6 h, taking out, and washing to be neutral;
(3) under the protection of nitrogen, the raw material soaked in the mixed acid solution is carbonized for 2-4 hours at the temperature of 400-450 ℃; then, the temperature is increased to 800-900 ℃ for carbonization for 3-6 h;
(4) introducing water vapor, and activating at 800-900 ℃ for 30-60 min to obtain the activated carbon adsorption material;
(5) and (3) putting the activated carbon adsorption material into the bacterial liquid for soaking for 5-10 days, and taking out to obtain the carbon-based material.
The inventors have surprisingly found in experiments that: the activated carbon adsorption material prepared by taking the corn straw powder and the coking coal powder as raw materials can greatly fix anaerobic bacteria, and simultaneously can promote the anaerobic bacteria to improve the gas yield and the volatile solid content removal rate of waste fruits and vegetables.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the corn straw powder to the coking coal powder in the step (1) is 1: 2-4.
Most preferably, the weight ratio of the corn straw powder to the coking coal powder in the step (1) is 1: 3.
Preferably, the grain size of the corn straw powder in the step (1) is 0.1-0.3 cm, and the grain size of the coking coal powder is 200-400 μm.
Most preferably, the grain size of the corn straw powder in the step (1) is 0.2cm, and the grain size of the coking coal powder is 300 microns.
Preferably, the mixed acid solution in the step (2) is a mixed acid solution composed of concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid, and the volume ratio of the concentrated sulfuric acid to the concentrated nitric acid is 1-3: 1.
Preferably, in the step (3), the temperature is increased to 400-450 ℃ at the speed of 5-10 ℃/min for carbonization for 2-4 h; then, the temperature is increased to 800-900 ℃ at a speed of 3-5 ℃/min for carbonization for 3-6 h.
Preferably, in the step (3), the temperature is increased to 420 ℃ at the speed of 8 ℃/min for carbonization for 3 h; then the temperature is raised to 850 ℃ at the speed of 4 ℃/min for carbonization for 5 h.
Preferably, water vapor is introduced into the step (4), and the activated carbon adsorption material is obtained after activation for 40min at 850 ℃.
The inventor further finds that the specific condition parameters of carbonization further play an important role in improving the gas yield of the prepared carbon-based material and improving the removal rate of the volatile solid content of the waste fruits and vegetables; research shows that the carbon-based material obtained by carbonization under the above conditions has high gas production and volatile solid content removal rate.
Preferably, the bacterial liquid in step (5) is bacterial liquid containing anaerobic bacteria.
Most preferably, the anaerobic bacteria are methanobacteria.
The invention also provides the carbon-based material prepared by the preparation method.
The invention also provides an application of the carbon-based material in fruit and vegetable waste treatment.
The carbon-based material can be adhered to a fiber membrane in the fruit and vegetable waste treatment process, and is placed in a fermentation tank through the fiber membrane for fermenting the fruit and vegetable waste.
Has the advantages that: the carbon-based material prepared by the brand-new method can greatly fix anaerobic bacteria, and can promote the anaerobic bacteria to improve the gas yield and the volatile solid content removal rate of waste fruits and vegetables.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further explained below with reference to specific examples, which are not intended to limit the present invention in any way.
The bacterial liquid in the following examples was prepared as follows: and adding 1g of methane bacteria into 1L of LB liquid culture medium, and uniformly mixing to obtain the bacterial liquid.
Example 1 preparation of carbon-based Material
(1) Mixing corn straw powder with the grain diameter of 0.2cm and coking coal powder with the grain diameter of 300 mu m to obtain a mixed raw material; wherein the weight ratio of the corn straw powder to the coke powder is 1: 3;
(2) putting the mixed raw materials into a mixed acid solution (the volume ratio of concentrated sulfuric acid to concentrated nitric acid is 2:1) to be soaked for 5 hours, taking out the mixed raw materials and washing the mixed raw materials to be neutral;
(3) under the protection of nitrogen, the raw material soaked by the mixed acid solution is carbonized for 3 hours when the temperature is raised to 420 ℃ at the speed of 8 ℃/min; then the temperature is increased to 850 ℃ at the speed of 4 ℃/min for carbonization for 5 h;
(4) introducing water vapor, and activating at 850 deg.C for 40min to obtain activated carbon adsorption material;
(5) and (3) putting the activated carbon adsorption material into a bacterial liquid, soaking for 7d at the temperature of 30 ℃, and taking out to obtain the carbon-based material.
Example 2 preparation of carbon-based Material
(1) Mixing corn straw powder with the grain diameter of 0.1cm and coking coal powder with the grain diameter of 400 mu m to obtain a mixed raw material; wherein the weight ratio of the corn straw powder to the coke powder is 1: 2;
(2) putting the mixed raw materials into a mixed acid solution (the volume ratio of concentrated sulfuric acid to concentrated nitric acid is 1:1) to be soaked for 3 hours, taking out the mixed raw materials and washing the mixed raw materials to be neutral;
(3) under the protection of nitrogen, the raw material soaked by the mixed acid solution is carbonized for 4 hours when the temperature is raised to 400 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min; then the temperature is increased to 900 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min for carbonization for 5 h;
(4) introducing water vapor, and activating at 900 deg.C for 30min to obtain activated carbon adsorption material;
(5) and (3) putting the activated carbon adsorption material into a bacterial liquid, soaking for 7d at the temperature of 30 ℃, and taking out to obtain the carbon-based material.
Example 3 preparation of carbon-based Material
(1) Mixing corn straw powder with the grain diameter of 0.3cm and coking coal powder with the grain diameter of 200 mu m to obtain a mixed raw material; wherein the weight ratio of the corn straw powder to the coke powder is 1: 4;
(2) putting the mixed raw materials into a mixed acid solution (the volume ratio of concentrated sulfuric acid to concentrated nitric acid is 1:1) to be soaked for 3 hours, taking out the mixed raw materials and washing the mixed raw materials to be neutral;
(3) under the protection of nitrogen, the raw material soaked by the mixed acid solution is carbonized for 2 hours when the temperature is increased to 450 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min; then the temperature is increased to 800 ℃ at the speed of 3 ℃/min for carbonization for 6 h;
(4) introducing water vapor, and activating at 800 deg.C for 60min to obtain activated carbon adsorption material;
(5) and (3) putting the activated carbon adsorption material into a bacterial liquid, soaking for 7d at the temperature of 30 ℃, and taking out to obtain the carbon-based material.
Comparative example 1 preparation of carbon-based Material
(1) Taking corn straw powder with the grain diameter of 0.2 cm;
(2) putting the corn straw powder into a mixed acid solution (the volume ratio of concentrated sulfuric acid to concentrated nitric acid is 2:1) to be soaked for 5 hours, taking out and washing to be neutral;
(3) under the protection of nitrogen, raising the temperature of the corn straw powder soaked in the mixed acid solution to 420 ℃ at the speed of 8 ℃/min for carbonization for 3 hours; then the temperature is increased to 850 ℃ at the speed of 4 ℃/min for carbonization for 5 h;
(4) introducing water vapor, and activating at 850 deg.C for 40min to obtain activated carbon adsorption material;
(5) and (3) putting the activated carbon adsorption material into a bacterial liquid, soaking for 7d at the temperature of 30 ℃, and taking out to obtain the carbon-based material.
Comparative example 1 is different from example 1 in that example 1 prepares a carbon-based material using corn straw powder and fine coke powder as raw materials; and comparative example 1 prepares the carbon-based material only with the corn straw powder as a raw material.
Comparative example 2 preparation of carbon-based Material
(1) Taking pulverized coke with the particle size of 0.2 cm;
(2) putting the coke powder into a mixed acid solution (the volume ratio of concentrated sulfuric acid to concentrated nitric acid is 2:1) to be soaked for 5 hours, taking out and washing to be neutral;
(3) under the protection of nitrogen, the coking coal powder soaked by the mixed acid solution is carbonized for 3 hours when the temperature is raised to 420 ℃ at the speed of 8 ℃/min; then the temperature is increased to 850 ℃ at the speed of 4 ℃/min for carbonization for 5 h;
(4) introducing water vapor, and activating at 850 deg.C for 40min to obtain activated carbon adsorption material;
(5) and (3) putting the activated carbon adsorption material into a bacterial liquid, soaking for 7d at the temperature of 30 ℃, and taking out to obtain the carbon-based material.
Comparative example 2 is different from example 1 in that example 1 prepares a carbon-based material using corn straw powder and fine coke powder as raw materials; while comparative example 2 prepared the carbon-based material using only the fine coke powder as a raw material.
Comparative example 3 preparation of carbon-based Material
(1) Mixing corn straw powder with the grain diameter of 0.2cm and coking coal powder with the grain diameter of 300 mu m to obtain a mixed raw material; wherein the weight ratio of the corn straw powder to the coke powder is 1: 3;
(2) putting the mixed raw materials into a mixed acid solution (the volume ratio of concentrated sulfuric acid to concentrated nitric acid is 2:1) to be soaked for 5 hours, taking out the mixed raw materials and washing the mixed raw materials to be neutral;
(3) under the protection of nitrogen, the raw material soaked by the mixed acid solution is carbonized for 3 hours when the temperature is raised to 420 ℃ at the speed of 4 ℃/min; then the temperature is increased to 850 ℃ at the speed of 8 ℃/min for carbonization for 5 h;
(4) introducing water vapor, and activating at 850 deg.C for 40min to obtain activated carbon adsorption material;
(5) and (3) putting the activated carbon adsorption material into a bacterial liquid, soaking for 7d at the temperature of 30 ℃, and taking out to obtain the carbon-based material.
Comparative example 3 differs from example 1 in that the temperature increase rate in the carbonization condition is different; example 1 is: the temperature is increased to 420 ℃ at the speed of 8 ℃/min for carbonization for 3 h; then the temperature is increased to 850 ℃ at the speed of 4 ℃/min for carbonization for 5 h; while comparative example 3 is: the temperature is increased to 420 ℃ at the speed of 4 ℃/min for carbonization for 3 h; then the temperature is raised to 850 ℃ at the speed of 8 ℃/min for carbonization for 5 h.
Examples of the experiments
After the vegetable and fruit removing waste is crushed, the waste is averagely divided into 4 parts, and each part is 1 kg; putting the vegetables into 4 fermentation tanks respectively, adding 2L of water and adding the carbon-based materials prepared in the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-3, wherein the weight of the carbon-based materials is 5% of that of the waste vegetables; controlling the temperature at 35 ℃, and fermenting for 7 days; collecting the gas generated in the fermentation process. Calculating the gas production rate and the removal rate of volatile solid content after 7 days of fermentation; the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Experimental results of treating fruit and vegetable wastes with carbon-based materials
| Gas production rate | Removal rate of volatile solid content | |
| Example 1 carbon-based Material | 403mL/g | 99％ |
| Example 2 carbon-based Material | 388mL/g | 95％ |
| Example 3 carbon-based Material | 375mL/g | 91％ |
| Comparative example 1 carbon-based Material | 252mL/g | 73％ |
| Comparative example 2 carbon-based Material | 211mL/g | 69％ |
| Comparative example 3 carbon-based Material | 306mL/g | 82％ |
As can be seen from the experimental results in table 1, the gas production rate of the carbon-based material prepared in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention is more than 375mL/g, and the removal rate of the volatile solid content is more than 90%; this indicates that the carbon-based material of the present invention has a high gas production rate and a high removal rate of volatile solid content; the high gas production can generate a large amount of methane, thereby improving the economic benefit; the removal rate of the volatile solid content is high, which shows that the fruit and vegetable waste treatment capacity is strong.
As can be seen from the experimental results in table 1, the carbon-based materials prepared in comparative examples 1 and 2 have much lower gas generation rates and much lower removal rates of volatile solid contents than those of example 1; this indicates that: the carbon-based material prepared only by taking the coke powder or the corn straw powder as the raw material has low gas production rate and low removal rate of volatile solid content; however, the carbon-based material is prepared by combining the corn straw powder and the pulverized coke powder as raw materials, so that the gas production rate of the carbon-based material and the removal rate of the volatile solid content can be greatly improved.
As can be seen from the experimental results in table 1, the carbon-based material prepared in comparative example 3 has a much lower gas generation rate and a much lower removal rate of volatile solid content than those of example 1; this indicates that: the temperature rise speed in the specific carbonization condition further plays an important role in whether the prepared carbon-based material can improve the gas yield and the removal rate of the volatile solid content of the waste fruits and vegetables; only the carbon-based material prepared under the temperature-rising condition of the invention has excellent gas production rate and volatile solid content removal rate; the carbon-based material prepared under other temperature-rising conditions does not have excellent gas generation rate and volatile solid content removal rate.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the carbon-based material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) mixing the corn straw powder and the coke powder to obtain a mixed raw material;
(2) putting the mixed raw materials into a mixed acid solution, soaking for 3-6 h, taking out, and washing to be neutral;
(3) under the protection of nitrogen, the raw material soaked in the mixed acid solution is carbonized for 2-4 hours at the temperature of 400-450 ℃; then, the temperature is increased to 800-900 ℃ for carbonization for 3-6 h;
(4) introducing water vapor, and activating at 800-900 ℃ for 30-60 min to obtain the activated carbon adsorption material;
(5) and (3) putting the activated carbon adsorption material into the bacterial liquid for soaking for 5-10 days, and taking out to obtain the carbon-based material.
2. The method for preparing the carbon-based material according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the corn straw powder to the coke powder in the step (1) is 1: 2-4; most preferably, the weight ratio of the corn straw powder to the coking coal powder in the step (1) is 1: 3.
3. The method for preparing the carbon-based material according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the corn straw powder in the step (1) is 0.1-0.3 cm, and the particle size of the coke powder is 200-400 μm; most preferably, the grain size of the corn straw powder in the step (1) is 0.2cm, and the grain size of the coking coal powder is 300 microns.
4. The method for preparing the carbon-based material according to claim 1, wherein the mixed acid solution in the step (2) is a mixed acid solution composed of concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid, and the volume ratio of the concentrated sulfuric acid to the concentrated nitric acid is 1-3: 1.
5. The method for preparing the carbon-based material according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the temperature is raised to 400-450 ℃ at a speed of 5-10 ℃/min and carbonized for 2-4 h; then, the temperature is increased to 800-900 ℃ at a speed of 3-5 ℃/min for carbonization for 3-6 h.
6. The method for preparing the carbon-based material according to claim 5, wherein the temperature is raised to 420 ℃ at a rate of 8 ℃/min for carbonization for 3 hours in the step (3); then the temperature is raised to 850 ℃ at the speed of 4 ℃/min for carbonization for 5 h.
7. The method for preparing the carbon-based material according to claim 1, wherein the activated carbon adsorption material is obtained by introducing water vapor in the step (4) and activating the mixture at 850 ℃ for 40 min.
8. The method for preparing carbon-based material according to claim 1, wherein the bacterial liquid in the step (5) is bacterial liquid containing anaerobic bacteria.
9. The carbon-based material prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. The use of the carbon-based material of claim 9 in the treatment of fruit and vegetable waste.
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| WO2012050411A1 (en) * | 2010-10-13 | 2012-04-19 | Université Abdelmalek Essaadi | Nanoporous carbonated materials prepared from the shell of the argan fruit |
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