CN113877990A - High-temperature shaping process and die for 304 stainless steel oil rail with large length-diameter ratio - Google Patents
High-temperature shaping process and die for 304 stainless steel oil rail with large length-diameter ratio Download PDFInfo
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- CN113877990A CN113877990A CN202111150370.XA CN202111150370A CN113877990A CN 113877990 A CN113877990 A CN 113877990A CN 202111150370 A CN202111150370 A CN 202111150370A CN 113877990 A CN113877990 A CN 113877990A
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- diameter ratio
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- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D3/00—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/10—Die sets; Pillar guides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D45/00—Ejecting or stripping-off devices arranged in machines or tools dealt with in this subclass
- B21D45/02—Ejecting devices
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of forging, in particular to a high-temperature shaping process and a high-temperature shaping die for a 304 stainless steel oil rail with a large length-diameter ratio.A high-temperature shaping process and a high-temperature shaping die for the 304 stainless steel oil rail with the large length-diameter ratio are provided, and are air-cooled or air-cooled to 650 plus 750 ℃, so that large deformation rebound amount after punching can be avoided, the shaping precision is improved, and the rejection rate is reduced; the cross section shape of the cavity ensures that the forged piece can be smoothly demoulded and cannot be clamped in the die after the reshaping is finished; the invention adopts the hydraulic press, can ensure that the shaping pressure and the shaping deformation of the forgings with different heights are basically consistent, and has high stability and no overload.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of forging, in particular to a high-temperature shaping process and a die for a 304 stainless steel oil rail with a large length-diameter ratio.
Background
The length-diameter ratio of the stainless steel oil rail of the fuel automobile engine adopting 304 (or 304L) reaches 16, the stainless steel oil rail belongs to a forging with a large length-diameter ratio, and the stainless steel oil rail can be greatly deformed after being cooled to room temperature after being forged, and the deformation is mainly caused by the fact that the oil rail is bent along an axis to cause the linearity to be out of tolerance. The deformed oil rail can be guaranteed to be qualified products after subsequent machining only through straightening, and the use requirements are met. The existing processing technology of the 304 stainless steel oil rail with the large length-diameter ratio comprises the following steps: forging, trimming, cooling, cold shaping, shot blasting, solid solution and machining, wherein the cold shaping is room temperature shaping. However, further research finds that secondary deformation rebound can occur after the cold-shaped oil rail forging is machined and punched, the rebound amount still possibly exceeds the technical requirement of the deformation amount, waste products can be caused, the qualification rate is reduced, and the cost is raised.
The current cold shaping can cause the oil rail forging to have larger secondary deformation rebound after being machined and punched, and the rebound amount still can exceed the technical requirement of the deformation amount, so that waste products appear.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a high-temperature shaping process and a high-temperature shaping die for 304 stainless steel oil rails with a large length-diameter ratio, which can avoid large deformation rebound amount after punching, improve shaping precision and reduce rejection rate.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: in order to solve the problems that secondary deformation rebound can occur after the existing cold-shaped oil rail forging is punched through machining, the rebound amount still possibly exceeds the technical requirement of the deformation amount, which causes the occurrence of waste products, reduces the qualification rate and raises the cost, the invention provides a high-temperature shaping process and a die for a 304 stainless steel oil rail with a large length-diameter ratio, wherein the process and the die are subjected to air cooling or air cooling to 650 plus 750 ℃, so that the occurrence of large deformation rebound amount after punching can be avoided, the shaping precision is improved, the rejection rate is reduced, and the existing problems are effectively solved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a high-temperature shaping process for 304 stainless steel oil rail with large length-diameter ratio includes air cooling or air cooling to 650-750 deg.C for shaping after forging the oil rail.
The die for the high-temperature shaping process of the 304 stainless steel oil rail with the large length-diameter ratio comprises an upper die holder, an upper die fixed on the upper die holder, a lower die fixed on the lower die holder and an ejector rod, wherein the ejector rod is positioned in a pit of the lower die for accommodating a protruding structure of the oil rail.
Specifically, the upper die holder and the lower die holder are positioned and guided through guide pillars and guide sleeves.
Specifically, the radius of the die cavity is slightly larger than that of the forging by 0.1-0.2 mm.
Specifically, the cross section of a cavity of the die is in a large semicircular shape.
Specifically, the central angle of the cross section of the cavity of the mold is 140 °.
A shaping device for the high-temperature shaping process of the 304 stainless steel oil rail with the large length-diameter ratio adopts a hydraulic machine.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a high-temperature shaping process and a die for a 304 stainless steel oil rail with a large length-diameter ratio, which are characterized in that the oil rail is air-cooled or air-cooled to 650-750 ℃, so that large deformation rebound quantity after punching can be avoided, the shaping precision is improved, and the rejection rate is reduced; the cross section design ensures that the forged piece can be smoothly demoulded and cannot be clamped in the die after the reshaping is finished; the invention adopts the hydraulic press, can ensure that the shaping pressure and the shaping deformation of the forgings with different heights are basically consistent, and has high stability and no overload.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a mold of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the mold cavity of the present invention.
In the figure, 1 an upper die holder, 2 an upper die, 3 a lower die holder, 4 lower dies, 5 ejector rods and 10 forgings.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic views illustrating only the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, and thus show only the constitution related to the present invention.
A high-temperature shaping process for 304 stainless steel oil rail with large length-diameter ratio includes air cooling or air cooling to 650-750 deg.C for shaping after forging the oil rail.
A die for the high-temperature shaping process of the 304 stainless steel oil rail with the large length-diameter ratio comprises an upper die holder 1, an upper die 2 fixed on the upper die holder, a lower die holder 3, a lower die 4 fixed on the lower die holder and an ejector rod 5, wherein the ejector rod 5 is positioned at a pit of the lower die 4 for accommodating a protruding structure of the oil rail.
In a specific embodiment, the upper die holder 1 and the lower die holder 3 are positioned and guided by guide pillars and guide sleeves.
In another embodiment, the radius of the die cavity is slightly larger than the forging by 0.1-0.2 mm.
In a preferred embodiment, the cross section of the cavity of the mold is a large semicircle, and the central angle of the cross section of the cavity of the mold is 140 °.
A shaping device for the high-temperature shaping process of the 304 stainless steel oil rail with the large length-diameter ratio adopts a hydraulic machine.
The invention provides a high-temperature shaping process and a die for a 304 stainless steel oil rail with a large length-diameter ratio, which avoid deformation rebound after punching, lay a good foundation for subsequent machining and improve the qualification rate of products.
The technical principle and the scheme are as follows:
during cold shaping, deformation and internal stress generated by shaping can be retained in the forged piece, the whole internal stress is in a balanced state, and the balance point of the forged piece has to be found by deforming the forged piece again after punching and removing partial materials, so that secondary deformation rebound of the forged piece is caused, and therefore, higher internal stress remaining after cold shaping is a main reason of secondary deformation rebound, and the defect of secondary deformation caused by difficult overcoming of cold shaping is caused. In order to overcome the defect, the shaping process is put at a high temperature which can quickly release the shaping stress to reduce the residual internal stress, so that the possibility of secondary deformation in subsequent machining is greatly reduced.
A first important issue with this technique is the choice of shaping temperature range. First, at a sufficiently high temperature for shaping, most of the stress is released by dynamic recovery during shaping, and almost no residual stress remains when cooled to room temperature, and no large deformation rebound occurs after punching to be out of tolerance. On the other hand, if the forging is carried out at an excessively high temperature, since the deformation amount of the forging is small, it is likely that the deformation amount is in the critical deformation amount range to cause the occurrence of a recrystallized coarse grain structure, which is disadvantageous to the mechanical properties of the forging, it is necessary to carry out the forging in an appropriate temperature range. Experiments prove that when the plastic is shaped in the temperature range of 650-750 ℃, the structure is mainly recovered rather than recrystallized, so that recrystallization coarse crystals can be avoided, meanwhile, the temperature is high enough to eliminate most deformation stress, and secondary deformation during subsequent room-temperature punching is avoided. The diameter of the oil rail made of 304L and 304L is small, and a single-phase austenite structure can be obtained by air cooling, so that the forging is shaped in the temperature range, the solid solution structure obtained by the forging is not influenced, and the risk of intergranular corrosion is not high.
The second important problem is the design of the cross section shape of the cavity of the shaping mold, and the cross section shape of the cavity has great influence on the shaping process. The overall structure of the shaping die is shown in fig. 1, the die comprises an upper die holder 1 and an upper die 2 fixed on the upper die holder, a lower die holder 3 and a lower die 4 and an ejector rod 5 fixed on the lower die holder, and the ejector rod 5 is positioned at a pit of the lower die 3 for accommodating the oil rail protruding structure. The upper die holder 1 and the lower die holder 3 can be positioned and guided through the guide pillar and the guide sleeve to ensure the precision. Because a small amount of deformation is needed during shaping, if the cross sections of the cavities of the upper die 2 and the lower die 4 are complete semi-circles and have the same size as the nominal size of a forging, the following three problems are likely to occur: the oil rail forging piece is clamped on a die and cannot be taken down due to the fact that the diameter of the oil rail forging piece is out of tolerance, (II) the forging piece is expanded transversely after being deformed under stress and is clamped on the die to be not beneficial to demolding, (III) different forging pieces are different in thickness in the vertical direction, if the height of the forging piece is insufficient, an upper die 2 and a lower die 4 are in contact with each other before the shaping is completed, the shaping cannot be completed, and meanwhile the die can be damaged. Therefore, it is necessary to optimally design the cross-sectional shapes of the upper die 2 and the lower die 4 as follows: the radius of a die cavity is slightly enlarged by 0.1-0.2mm, so that a forging piece can smoothly enter the die cavity, and a deformed material can have an accommodating space, as shown in figure 2. Due to the design of the cross section, the forged piece can be smoothly demoulded and cannot be clamped in a die after shaping is finished, and the problems of (I) and (II) are avoided. The cross sections of the two are designed into big semi-circles instead of complete semi-circles, and the central angle is about 140 degrees, as shown in figure 2, so that the problem of the third step is avoided.
The choice of the shaping device is a third important issue. The final shaper chooses to use a hydraulic press for the following reasons: because the thickness of forgings is not uniform, some thicknesses are at the upper limit and others are at the lower limit. If a mechanical press is adopted, because the stroke of the mechanical press is adjusted according to the nominal size of the thickness of the forged piece, only stroke control can be carried out but pressure control cannot be carried out, the forged pieces with different thicknesses can be pressed to the same thickness, and therefore for the forged piece with large thickness, the actual deformation force of the forged piece far exceeds the pressure required by reshaping, and damage to the mechanical press is likely to be caused. And the pressing deformation of the forgings with different thicknesses is different inevitably, and the transverse expansion deformation is different, so that the stability of shaping is not facilitated, and the normal use of the die is also not facilitated. And for thinner forgings, reshaping is possibly not in place, and the bending deformation after reshaping is still large. Mechanical presses are therefore not suitable for this process. The disadvantage is avoided by controlling the hydraulic machine by means of pressure. The forgings with different thicknesses are locally deformed in the deformation process from bending to straightening, the middle of the forgings is high, the two ends of the forgings are low, the actual deformation is bending deformation under the action of bending moment, the deformation force in the process is not large in difference, the bending under the action of the bending moment is changed into integral plastic deformation after the forgings are straightened, the deformation force is increased rapidly, the deformation force is related to the projection area of the forgings and is not large in relation to the thickness, the pressure of a hydraulic machine can be adjusted, the hydraulic pressure after the forgings are shaped to be straightened exceeds a set value to cause unloading of a control valve, the pressing deformation is automatically stopped, and the pressing deformation is continued, so that the shaping pressure of the forgings with different heights can be basically consistent, the shaping deformation is basically consistent, the stability is high, and overload is avoided. The process is described in detail as follows: the pressure value of the hydraulic press is adjusted first. When the shaping is started, the hydraulic press drives the upper die 2 to be pressed down to be in contact with the oil rail forging, at the moment, because the forging is bent, the deformation is local, the shaping force, namely the bending force, is also small, the upper die 2 can continuously descend for shaping, and the shaping force is gradually increased but not sharply increased in the process of bending to be straight. When the shaping is in place, the whole forged piece is pressed, the local bending is changed into the whole plastic deformation, the deformation resistance is increased rapidly, so that the oil press reaches a specified pressure value to unload, and the shaping process is completed. The maximum value of the pressure in the process is irrelevant to the thickness of the forged piece and only relevant to the projection area of the forged piece, and the projection areas of the forged pieces are basically the same, so that the maximum value of the shaping pressure is basically consistent, and the consistency and the stability of the shaping deformation are ensured.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
1) the mould is arranged on a hydraulic machine, the mould is in a mould opening state when in a preparation state, as shown in figure 1, an upper mould base 1 carries an upper mould 2 to be in a high position to open the mould, and a mandril 5 is not stressed and is in a lowest position.
2) After the oil rail is forged, it is air-cooled or air-cooled to about 750 ℃, and then placed in the lower mold 4 of the shaping mold, as shown in fig. 1 and 2.
3) And the upper die 2 descends to contact with the forge piece and starts to be pressurized and shaped until the upper die and the lower die are tightly attached to the forge piece to meet the requirement of shaping deformation, the pressure reaches a set value, the hydraulic machine unloads, and shaping is finished.
4) The upper die 2 and the upper die base 1 are driven by the sliding block to return and open the die, and the ejector rod 5 ejects the forge piece to finish the shaping process.
The invention carries out shaping at the temperature of 650-750 ℃, and because the existence of high temperature, most of the deformation stress is released during shaping, large deformation rebound can not be generated after subsequent punching, and the problem of secondary deformation size over-tolerance caused by cold shaping is avoided. Meanwhile, the shaping temperature does not exceed the recrystallization temperature, so that the generation of recrystallization coarse crystals is avoided.
In light of the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A high-temperature shaping process for 304 stainless steel oil rails with large length-diameter ratio is characterized by comprising the following steps: after the forging of the oil rail is completed, the oil rail is air-cooled or air-cooled to 650-750 ℃ for shaping.
2. A mold for the high temperature shaping process of the 304 stainless steel oil rail with large length-diameter ratio according to claim 1, wherein: the die comprises an upper die holder, an upper die fixed on the upper die holder, a lower die fixed on the lower die holder and an ejector rod, wherein the ejector rod is positioned in a pit of the lower die for accommodating the oil rail protruding structure.
3. The mold for the high-temperature shaping process of the 304 stainless steel oil rail with the large length-diameter ratio according to claim 2, wherein the mold comprises: the upper die base and the lower die base are positioned and guided through the guide pillar and the guide sleeve.
4. The mold for the high-temperature shaping process of the 304 stainless steel oil rail with the large length-diameter ratio according to the claim 2 or 3, wherein the mold comprises the following steps: the radius of the die cavity is slightly larger than that of the forging by 0.1-0.2 mm.
5. The mold for the high-temperature shaping process of the 304 stainless steel oil rail with the large length-diameter ratio according to claim 2, wherein the mold comprises: the cross section of the cavity of the die is in a large semicircular shape.
6. The mold for the high-temperature shaping process of the 304 stainless steel oil rail with the large length-diameter ratio according to claim 5, wherein the mold comprises: the central angle of the cross section of the cavity of the mold is 140 degrees.
7. A shaping device for the high-temperature shaping process of the 304 stainless steel oil rail with the large length-diameter ratio according to claim 1, wherein the shaping device adopts a hydraulic press.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111150370.XA CN113877990B (en) | 2021-09-29 | 2021-09-29 | High-temperature shaping process and die for 304 stainless steel oil rail with large length-diameter ratio |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111150370.XA CN113877990B (en) | 2021-09-29 | 2021-09-29 | High-temperature shaping process and die for 304 stainless steel oil rail with large length-diameter ratio |
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| CN113877990A true CN113877990A (en) | 2022-01-04 |
| CN113877990B CN113877990B (en) | 2024-04-05 |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0672475A1 (en) * | 1994-01-24 | 1995-09-20 | Daiwa House Industry Co., Ltd. | Partially thick-walled elongated metallic member and methods of making and connecting the same |
| US20100018615A1 (en) * | 2008-07-28 | 2010-01-28 | Ati Properties, Inc. | Thermal mechanical treatment of ferrous alloys, and related alloys and articles |
| CN104722978A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2015-06-24 | 广东省工业技术研究院(广州有色金属研究院) | Portable welding deformation control equipment and deformation treatment method thereof |
| CN110883138A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-03-17 | 中国铁路兰州局集团有限公司兰州工务机械段 | Method for correcting low joint of steel rail |
| CN212551342U (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2021-02-19 | 江苏龙城精锻有限公司 | Trimming and correcting composite die for manufacturing integral stainless steel oil rail forging |
-
2021
- 2021-09-29 CN CN202111150370.XA patent/CN113877990B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0672475A1 (en) * | 1994-01-24 | 1995-09-20 | Daiwa House Industry Co., Ltd. | Partially thick-walled elongated metallic member and methods of making and connecting the same |
| US20100018615A1 (en) * | 2008-07-28 | 2010-01-28 | Ati Properties, Inc. | Thermal mechanical treatment of ferrous alloys, and related alloys and articles |
| CN104722978A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2015-06-24 | 广东省工业技术研究院(广州有色金属研究院) | Portable welding deformation control equipment and deformation treatment method thereof |
| CN110883138A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-03-17 | 中国铁路兰州局集团有限公司兰州工务机械段 | Method for correcting low joint of steel rail |
| CN212551342U (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2021-02-19 | 江苏龙城精锻有限公司 | Trimming and correcting composite die for manufacturing integral stainless steel oil rail forging |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 熊毅等, 退火对深冷轧制AISI310S奥氏体不锈钢组织和耐蚀性能的影响, pages 65 - 71 * |
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| CN113877990B (en) | 2024-04-05 |
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