CN113874459B - 柔性可光固化氰基丙烯酸酯组合物 - Google Patents
柔性可光固化氰基丙烯酸酯组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113874459B CN113874459B CN202080039839.XA CN202080039839A CN113874459B CN 113874459 B CN113874459 B CN 113874459B CN 202080039839 A CN202080039839 A CN 202080039839A CN 113874459 B CN113874459 B CN 113874459B
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- 229940080345 gamma-cyclodextrin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- RKVIEVIJBJXOFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-2-yl 2-cyanoprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCC(C)OC(=O)C(=C)C#N RKVIEVIJBJXOFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDZLHTBOHLGGCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl 2-cyanoprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)C(=C)C#N XDZLHTBOHLGGCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QRWOVIRDHQJFDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyl cyanoacrylate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C(=C)C#N QRWOVIRDHQJFDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- GQCBFHBKISYEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonyl 2-cyanoprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(=C)C#N GQCBFHBKISYEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SBPXGLQYUALAQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-2-yl 2-cyanoprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCC(C)OC(=O)C(=C)C#N SBPXGLQYUALAQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMYFXTNUSQPQNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-3-yl 2-cyanoprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCC(CC)OC(=O)C(=C)C#N CMYFXTNUSQPQNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXRFXXNXVPFXDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentyl 2-cyanoprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCOC(=O)C(=C)C#N SXRFXXNXVPFXDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IPDQIHIYQHAUCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl 2-cyanoprop-2-enoate Chemical compound N#CC(=C)C(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 IPDQIHIYQHAUCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- UVTYYXOSOUBFIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-ynyl 2-cyanoprop-2-enoate Chemical compound N#CC(=C)C(=O)OCC#C UVTYYXOSOUBFIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006233 propoxy propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000006225 propoxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005767 propoxymethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[#8]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005415 substituted alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QOZPAYSTKGZHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-cyanoprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C(=C)C#N QOZPAYSTKGZHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002088 tosyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005270 trialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RJIFVNWOLLIBJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OCCCC)C(C(=O)OCCCC)=C1 RJIFVNWOLLIBJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MXHBQKVKHGQWRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihexyl benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OCCCCCC)C(C(=O)OCCCCCC)=C1 MXHBQKVKHGQWRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005591 trimellitate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006617 triphenylamine group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GCSWIIQKEVHVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecyl 2-cyanoprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(=C)C#N GCSWIIQKEVHVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种可光固化组合物,其包括氰基丙烯酸酯组分、茂金属组分、光引发剂组分和增塑剂组分,其反应产物尤其在断裂伸长率方面表现出改善的柔韧性。
Description
背景
技术领域
本发明涉及一种可光固化组合物,其包括氰基丙烯酸酯组分、茂金属组分、光引发剂组分和增塑剂组分,其反应产物尤其在断裂伸长率方面表现出改善的柔韧性。
相关技术简述
氰基丙烯酸酯粘合剂组合物是众所周知的,并广泛用作具有多种用途的快速固定的即时粘合剂。参见H.V.Coover,D.W.Dreifus and J.T.O'Connor,"CyanoacrylateAdhesives"in Handbook of Adhesives,27,463-77,I.Skeist,ed.,Van NostrandReinhold,New York,3rd ed.(1990)。还参见G.H.Millet,"Cyanoacrylate Adhesives"inStructural Adhesives:Chemistry and Technology,S.R.Hartshorn,ed.,Plenun Press,New York,p.249-307(1986)。
氰基丙烯酸酯组合物通常倾向于固化形成相对脆的聚合物材料。对于聚合物材料中需要一定程度柔韧性的某些应用而言,这是所不希望的性能。这种应用包括粘合柔性材料,其中在粘合中需要一定程度的柔韧性以匹配材料的柔韧性。应用中也需要有柔性聚合物材料,其中聚合物材料在它的最终用途应用中可能受到不同的力。例如,如果聚合物材料已将两个基材粘合在一起,基材可能不会保持不受干扰的状态,而可能会受到外力,例如,基材形成移动物体的一部分,或静止物体的一部分,其受到来自其他移动物体的一个或多个连续或偶然的力。
过去,已付诸努力以提高氰基丙烯酸酯组合物固化产物的柔韧性。参见例如,美国专利号2,776,232、2,784,215、2,784,127、3,699,127、3,961,966、4,364,876和4,444,933。但不适用于可光固化氰基丙烯酸酯,例如美国专利号5,922,783(Wojciak)中描述的。
'783专利提供了一种可光固化组合物,所述组合物包含:(a)2-氰基丙烯酸酯组分,(b)茂金属组分,以及(c)光引发剂组分。在'783专利中未提到包括增塑剂或尝试使所公开的可光固化组合物的固化产物具有柔韧性。
克服常规聚合的氰基丙烯酸酯粘合剂脆性的一种方法是通过使用单体混合物使组合物增塑。认为使用氰基丙烯酸酯单体混合物导致当单体混合物固化时更柔韧的聚合物材料。第二种方法是将增塑剂掺入氰基丙烯酸酯组合物中。这里的柔韧性通常以牺牲固化速度和/或粘合强度获得。
美国专利号6,977,278(Misiak)描述了特定的氰基丙烯酸酯组合物,所述组合物包含:(i)至少一种低级氰基丙烯酸酯单体组分,所述组分选自氰基丙烯酸乙酯和甲氧基氰基丙烯酸乙酯;(ii)至少一种高级氰基丙烯酸酯单体组分,基于低级氰基丙烯酸酯单体和高级氰基丙烯酸酯单体的组合的总重量,其量为大于12重量%,且选自以下:氰基丙烯酸正丙酯、氰基丙烯酸异丙酯、氰基丙烯酸正丁酯、氰基丙烯酸仲丁酯、氰基丙烯酸异丁酯、氰基丙烯酸叔丁酯、氰基丙烯酸正戊酯、氰基丙烯酸1-甲基-丁酯、氰基丙烯酸1-乙基-丙酯、氰基丙烯酸新戊酯、氰基丙烯酸正己酯、氰基丙烯酸1-甲基戊酯、氰基丙烯酸正庚酯、氰基丙烯酸正辛酯、氰基丙烯酸正壬酯、氰基丙烯酸正癸酯、氰基丙烯酸正十一烷基酯、氰基丙烯酸正十二烷基酯、氰基丙烯酸环己酯、氰基丙烯酸苄酯、氰基丙烯酸苯酯、氰基丙烯酸四氢糠酯、氰基丙烯酸烯丙酯、氰基丙烯酸炔丙酯、氰基丙烯酸2-丁烯酯、氰基丙烯酸苯乙酯、氰基丙烯酸氯丙酯、氰基丙烯酸乙氧基乙酯、氰基丙烯酸乙氧基丙酯、氰基丙烯酸乙氧基异丙酯、氰基丙烯酸丙氧基乙酯、氰基丙烯酸异丙氧基乙酯、氰基丙烯酸丁氧基乙酯、氰基丙烯酸甲氧基丙酯、氰基丙烯酸甲氧基异丙酯、氰基丙烯酸甲氧基丁酯、氰基丙烯酸丙氧基甲酯、氰基丙烯酸丙氧基乙酯、氰基丙烯酸丙氧基丙酯、氰基丙烯酸丁氧基甲酯、氰基丙烯酸丁氧基乙酯、氰基丙烯酸丁氧基丙酯、氰基丙烯酸丁氧基异丙酯、氰基丙烯酸丁氧基丁酯、氰基丙烯酸异壬酯、氰基丙烯酸异癸酯、氰基丙烯酸环己基甲酯(cyclohexyl methyl-cyanoacrylate)、氰基丙烯酸萘酯、2-(2'-甲氧基)-乙氧基乙基-氰基丙烯酸酯、2-(2'-乙氧基)-乙氧基乙基-氰基丙烯酸酯、2-(2'-丙氧基)-乙氧基乙基-氰基丙烯酸酯、2-(2'-丁氧基)-乙氧基乙基-氰基丙烯酸酯、2-(2'-戊氧基)-乙氧基乙基-氰基丙烯酸酯、2-(2'-己氧基)-乙氧基乙基-氰基丙烯酸酯、2-(2'-甲氧基)-丙氧基丙基-氰基丙烯酸酯、2-(2'-乙氧基)-丙氧基丙基-氰基丙烯酸酯、2-(2'-丙氧基)-丙氧基丙基-氰基丙烯酸酯、2-(2'-戊氧基)-丙氧基丙基-氰基丙烯酸酯、2-(2'-己氧基)-丙氧基丙基-氰基丙烯酸酯、2-(2'-甲氧基)-丁氧基丁基氰基丙烯酸酯、2-(2'-乙氧基)-丁氧基丁基-氰基丙烯酸酯、2-(2'-丁氧基)-丁氧基丁基-氰基丙烯酸酯、2-(3'-甲氧基)-丙氧基乙基-氰基丙烯酸酯、2-(3'-甲氧基)-丁氧基乙基-氰基丙烯酸酯、2-(3'-甲氧基)-丙氧基丙基-氰基丙烯酸酯、2-(3'-甲氧基)-丁氧基丙基-氰基丙烯酸酯、2-(2'-甲氧基)-乙氧基丙基-氰基丙烯酸酯和2-(2'-甲氧基)-乙氧基,丁基-氰基丙烯酸酯;(iii)至少一种增塑剂组分,其包含至少一种含酯基的增塑剂,该增塑剂组分可混溶于组分(i)和组分(ii)的混合物中;该增塑剂组分以组合物的约15重量%至约40重量%的量存在于组合物中,并且增塑剂组分的Ap/Po比在约1至小于约6的范围内,前提是增塑剂组分不包括季戊四醇四苯甲酸酯作为唯一的增塑剂。
'278专利清楚地表明,至高12重量%的量的增塑剂不会产生所需的性能,而且非常大量的增塑剂会不利地影响固化速度和粘合强度,因此如果使用小于约40重量%的量,则看起来可以在固化的组合物中实现所需的柔韧性。
最近,美国专利号9,528,034(Li)描述并要求保护氰基丙烯酸酯组合物,所述氰基丙烯酸组合物包含:(a)氰基丙烯酸酯组分,其包含2-氰基丙烯酸乙酯和2-氰基丙烯酸辛酯的组合;以及(b)乙酰柠檬酸三乙酯,其量为约5重量%至小于约15重量%。'034专利中未提到其中的教导可以扩展到可光固化氰基丙烯酸酯组合物。
尽管技术处于这种状态,但长期存在但尚未满足的愿望,即获得一种可光固化氰基丙烯酸酯组合物,所述组合物显示出可光固化氰基丙烯酸酯组合物的所有属性,并增加了一定程度的柔韧性。因此,为该愿望提供解决方案将是非常有利的。
发明内容
本发明恰好提供了这种解决方案。
实际上,本发明提供了可光固化组合物,其包括氰基丙烯酸酯组分(例如2-氰基丙烯酸乙酯)、茂金属组分(例如二茂铁)、光引发剂组分(例如2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基二苯基氧化膦)和增塑剂组分(例如其上取代有多个烷基酯和/或逆(reverse)烷基酯的短链亚烷基化合物)。
此外,本发明涉及本发明组合物的反应产物。
另外,本发明涉及一种制备本发明组合物的方法。
并且本发明涉及一种使用本发明的组合物粘合基材的方法。
通过阅读以下标题为“具体实施方式”的部分,将更全面地理解本发明。
具体实施方式
如上所述,本发明涉及一种可光固化组合物,其包括氰基丙烯酸酯组分、茂金属组分、光引发剂组分和增塑剂组分。
氰基丙烯酸酯组分包括可以选择具有大量取代基的氰基丙烯酸酯单体,例如由H2C=C(CN)-COOR表示的那些,其中R选自C1-15烷基、烷氧基烷基、环烷基、烯基、芳烷基、芳基、烯丙基和卤代烷基。理想地,氰基丙烯酸酯单体选自氰基丙烯酸甲酯、2-氰基丙烯酸乙酯、氰基丙烯酸丙酯、氰基丙烯酸丁酯、氰基丙烯酸辛酯、2-氰基丙烯酸烯丙酯、β-甲氧基乙基-2-氰基丙烯酸酯及它们的组合。用于本文的特别理想的氰基丙烯酸酯单体为2-氰基丙烯酸乙酯。
氰基丙烯酸酯组分的量为约65重量%至约95重量%,例如约70重量%至约85重量%,理想地约75重量%至约80重量%。
多种茂金属适用于本文。本文特别感兴趣的那些材料可由结构I中的茂金属表示:
其中R1和R2可以相同或不同,并且在五元环的情况下,可在每个环上出现至少一次和至多四次,并且在六元环的情况下,在每个环上至多出现五次;
R1和R2可选自H;具有1至约8个碳原子的任何直链或支链烷基成分,例如CH3、CH2CH3、CH2CH2CH3、CH(CH3)2、C(CH3)3等;乙酰基;乙烯基;烯丙基;羟基;羧基;-(CH2)n-OH,其中n可为1至约8范围内的整数;-(CH2)n-COOR3,其中n可为1至约8范围内的整数且R3可为具有1至约8个碳原子的任何直链或支链烷基成分;H;Li;Na;或-(CH2)n',其中n'可为2至约8范围内的整数;-(CH2)n-OR4,其中n可为1至约8范围内的整数且R4可为具有1至约8个碳原子的任何直链或支链烷基成分;或-(CH2)n-N+(CH3)3X-,其中n可为1至约8范围内的整数且X可为Cl-、Br-、I-、ClO4 -或BF4 -;
Y1和Y2可以根本不存在,但是当存在至少一个时,它们可以相同或不同并且可以选自H、Cl-、Br-、I-、氰基、甲氧基、乙酰基、羟基、硝基、三烷基胺、三芳胺(triaryamines)、三烷基膦、三苯胺、甲苯磺酰基等;
A和A'可以相同或不同,且可为C或N;
m和m'可以相同或不同,且可为1或2;以及
Me为Fe、Ti、Ru、Co、Ni、Cr、Cu、Mn、Pd、Ag、Rh、Pt、Zr、Hf、Nb、V、Mo等。
当然,根据价态,除了上述碳环配体之外,由Me表示的元素可以具有与其相关联的附加的配体--Y1和Y2--(例如其中Me为Ti,且Y1和Y2为Cl-)。
或者,结构I的茂金属可以被改性以包括例如那些被茂金属结构IA所包含的材料:
其中R1、R2、Y1、Y2、A、A'、m、m'和Me的定义同上。这种材料的特别理想的实例为其中R1和R2各自为H;Y1和Y2各自为Cl;A和A'各自为N;m和m'各自为2,以及Me为Ru。
在结构I的茂金属内,可以从结构II的茂金属中选择非常合适的茂金属:
其中R1、R2和Me如上所定义。
可以选择结构I中特别合适的茂金属,其中R1、R2、Y1、Y2、m和m'如上所定义,并且Me选自Ti、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ag、Zr、Hf、Nb、V和Mo。
理想地,茂金属选自二茂铁类(即,其中Me为Fe),例如二茂铁、乙烯基二茂铁类、二茂铁衍生物,例如丁基二茂铁类或二芳基膦金属络合的二茂铁类[例如,1,1-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁-二氯化钯],二茂钛类(即,其中Me为Ti),例如双(μ5-2,4-环戊二烯-1-基)-双-[2,6-二氟-3-(1H-吡咯-1-基)苯基]钛(其可从IGM Resins B.V.(荷兰)以商品名"IRGACURE"784DC商购获得),及它们的衍生物和组合。特别理想的茂金属是二茂铁。
并且双烷基茂金属类,例如,双烷基二茂铁类(例如双二茂铁基(diferrocenyl)乙烷、丙烷、丁烷等)也适用于本文,特别是因为可以使用材料的当量重量的约一半(与非双茂金属相比)以获得所追求的结果,其他一切不变。在这些材料中,双二茂铁基乙烷是特别理想的。
当然,其他材料可能非常适合用作茂金属组分。例如,Me[CW3-CO-CH=C(O-)-CW'3]2,其中Me如上所定义,并且W和W'可以相同或不同,并可以选自H和卤素,诸如F和Cl。这种材料的实例包括乙酰丙酮铂(II)(“PtACAC”)、乙酰丙酮钴(II)(“CoACAC”)、乙酰丙酮镍(II)(“NiACAC”)和乙酰丙酮铜(II)(“CuACAC”)。也可以使用那些材料的组合。
多种光引发剂可在本文中使用以提供上文参考的本发明的益处和优点。当可光固化组合物作为整体暴露于电磁辐射时,光引发剂提高固化过程的速度。某些茂金属,诸如“IRGACURE”784DC,可用作茂金属和光引发剂的双重目的。
适用于本文的光引发剂的实例包括,但不限于,可从IGM Resins B.V.(荷兰)以“IRGACURE”和“DAROCUR”商品名商购获得的光引发剂,特别是“IRGACURE”184(1-羟基环己基苯基酮)、907(2-甲基-1-[4-(甲硫基)苯基]-2-吗啉基丙-1-酮)、369(2-苄基-2-N,N-二甲氨基-1-(4-吗啉基苯基)-1-丁酮)、500(1-羟基环己基苯基酮和二苯甲酮的组合)、651(2,2-二甲氧基-2-苯基苯乙酮)、1700(双(2,6-二甲氧基苯甲酰基-2,4-,4-三甲基戊基)氧化膦和2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基-丙-1-酮的组合)和819[双(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基)苯基氧化膦]和"DAROCUR"1173(2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基-1-丙烷)以及4265(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基二苯基氧化膦和2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基-丙-1-酮的组合);以及可见光[蓝色]光引发剂、dl-樟脑醌和“IRGACURE”784DC。当然,本文也可以采用这些材料的组合。
可用于本文的其他光引发剂包括丙酮酸烷基酯,例如丙酮酸甲酯、乙酯、丙酯和丁酯,以及丙酮酸芳基酯,例如丙酮酸苯基酯、苄基酯,及其适当地取代的衍生物。
特别适用于本文的光引发剂包括紫外光引发剂,例如2,2-二甲氧基-2-苯基苯乙酮(例如,“IRGACURE”651)和2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基-1-丙烷(例如,“DAROCUR”1173)、双(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基)苯基氧化膦(例如,“IRGACURE”819)、2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基二苯基氧化膦(例如,“IRGACURE”TPO)、(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基)苯基次膦酸乙酯(例如,“IRGACURE”TPO-L)和双(2,6-二甲氧基苯甲酰基-2,4,4-三甲基戊基)氧化膦和2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基-丙-1-酮的紫外/可见光引发剂组合(例如,“IRGACURE”1700),以及可见光引发剂双(η5-2,4-环戊二烯-1-基)-双[2,6-二氟-3-(1H-吡咯-1-基)苯基]钛(例如,“IRGACURE”784DC)。
增塑剂组分应当为在其上具有多个烷基酯和/或逆烷基酯取代基的短链亚烷基化合物。理想地,短链亚烷基化合物应具有3或4个碳原子。短链亚烷基化合物应也为直链化合物(与支链或环状的相反)。短链亚烷基化合物在其上应还具有二至四个取代基。这些取代基应为低级烷基(例如,在这种情况下,C1-3)酯或逆酯。因此,增塑剂的具体实例为:
增塑剂组分的用量应为约5重量%至小于约35重量%,例如约15至约30重量%,希望地约25重量%,基于总组合物。
更具体地,增塑剂组分可以被其上连接有甲基酯和/或逆甲基酯的三碳结构所包含。
促进剂也可包含在本发明的氰基丙烯酸酯组合物中,例如选自以下的任何一种或多种:杯芳烃和氧杂杯芳烃、硅冠醚(silacrowns)、冠醚、环糊精、聚(乙二醇)二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、乙氧基化含羟基化合物及它们的组合。
在杯芳烃和氧杂杯芳烃中,许多是已知的并且在专利文献中报道。参见例如,美国专利号4,556,700、4,622,414、4,636,539、4,695,615、4,718,966和4,855,461,其各自的公开内容在此通过引用明确并入本文。
例如,关于杯芳烃,在以下结构中的那些在本文中是有用的:
其中R1为烷基、烷氧基、取代的烷基或取代的烷氧基;R2为H或烷基;以及n为4、6或8。
一种特别理想的杯芳烃是四丁基四[2-乙氧基-2-氧代乙氧基]杯-4-芳烃。
许多冠醚是已知的。例如,本文可以单独或组合使用的实例包括15-冠醚-5、18-冠醚-6、二苯并-18-冠醚-6、苯并-15-冠醚-5-二苯并-24-冠醚-8、二苯并-30-冠醚-10、三苯并-18-冠醚-6、非对称-二苯并-22-冠醚-6、二苯并-14-冠醚-4、二环己基-18-冠醚-6、二环己基-24-冠醚-8、环己基-12-冠醚-4、1,2-癸基-15-冠醚-5、1,2-萘并-15-冠醚-5、3,4,5-萘基-16-冠醚-5、1,2-甲基-苯并-18-冠醚-6、1,2-甲基苯并-5,6-甲基苯并-18-冠醚-6、1,2-叔丁基-18-冠醚-6、1,2-乙烯基苯并-15-冠醚-5、1,2-乙烯基苯并-18-冠醚-6、1,2-叔丁基-环己基-18-冠醚-6、非对称二苯并-22-冠醚-6和1,2-苯并-1,4-苯并-5-氧-20-冠醚-7。参见美国专利号4,837,260(Sato),其公开内容在此通过引用明确并入本文。
对于硅冠醚,也有许多是已知的,并在文献中报道。
可用于本发明组合物的硅冠醚化合物的具体实例包括:
参见例如美国专利号4,906,317(Liu),其公开内容在此通过引用明确并入本文。
许多环糊精可用于本发明。例如,美国专利号5,312,864(Wenz)中描述和要求保护的那些,其公开内容在此通过引用明确并入本文,因为α、β或γ-环糊精的羟基衍生物将是作为促进剂组分适当的选择。
例如,适用于本文的聚(乙二醇)二(甲基)丙烯酸酯包括在以下结构中的那些:
其中n大于3,例如在3至12的范围内,n为9是特别理想的。更具体的实例包括PEG200 DMA(其中n为约4)、PEG 400 DMA(其中n为约9)、PEG 600 DMA(其中n为约14)和PEG 800DMA(其中n为约19),其中数字(例如,400)代表分子中二醇部分的平均分子量,不包括两个甲基丙烯酸酯基团,以克/摩尔(即,400g/mol)表示。特别理想的PEG DMA为PEG 400 DMA。
并且对于乙氧基化的含羟基化合物(或可以使用的乙氧基化的脂肪醇),可以从在以下结构内的那些选择适当的:
其中Cm可以为线性或支化的烷基或烯基链,m为1至30的整数,例如5至20,n为2至30的整数,例如5至15,并且R可以为H或烷基,例如C1-6烷基。
当使用时,上述结构所包含的促进剂应以约0.01重量%至约10重量%的范围内的量包括在组合物中,约0.1重量%至约0.5重量%的范围是理想的,并且占总组合物约0.4重量%是特别理想的。
稳定剂包也通常在氰基丙烯酸酯组合物中发现。稳定剂包可包括一种或多种自由基稳定剂和阴离子稳定剂,其各自的名称(identity)和用量为本领域普通技术人员所熟知。参见例如,美国专利号5,530,037和6,607,632,其各自的公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
选择以光固化本发明组合物的发射电磁波的辐射源可以选自紫外光、可见光、电子束、x射线、红外辐射及它们的组合。理想地,紫外线是选择的辐射,适当的光源包括“H”、“D”、“V”、“X”、“M”和“A”灯、汞弧灯和氙弧灯;微波产生的紫外辐射;太阳能和荧光光源。任何这些电磁辐射源均可以与反射器和/或滤光器结合使用,以便将发射的辐射聚焦到其上已分配有可光固化组合物的基材的特定部分上和/或在电磁波谱的特定区域内。类似地,电磁辐射可以以稳定的方式或以间歇的方式直接产生以最小化热积聚的程度。尽管用于将可光固化组合物固化成所需反应产物的电磁辐射在本文中通常被指为在紫外区,但这并不是说电磁波谱内的其他辐射也可能不适合。例如,在某些情况下,也可以有利地使用电磁波谱的可见光区的辐射,无论是单独还是与例如紫外区的辐射结合。当然,在适当的条件下也可以有利地使用微波和红外辐射。
当然,取决于所选组合物的特别的组分,可能需要更高或更低的辐射强度、更多或更少的对其的暴露和暴露的长度和/或辐射源与组合物的更大或更小的距离来完成固化。
更具体地,就辐射强度而言,所选灯应具有至少约100瓦特/英寸(约40瓦特/cm)的额定功率,尤其需要至少约300瓦特/英寸(约120瓦特/cm)的额定功率。此外,由于在组合物中包括光引发剂可能会改变发生固化的电磁辐射光谱内的波长,可能需要使用其变量(例如,波长、距离等)轻易可调节的电磁辐射源。
在固化过程中,组合物将暴露于电磁辐射源,其发出一定量的能量,以KJ/m2测量,由包括以下的参数决定:源的尺寸、类型和几何形状;暴露于电磁辐射的持续时间;辐射强度(以及在适当的实现固化的区域内发射的那部分辐射);任何介入材料(例如基材)对电磁辐射的吸收性;以及组合物与辐射源的距离。本领域技术人员应容易理解,考虑到组合物的特别的组分,通过为这些参数选择适当的值可以优化组合物的固化。
为了实现固化,电磁辐射源可以保持静止,而组合物通过其路径。或者,涂有可光固化组合物的基材可以保持静止,而电磁辐射源经过其上方或其周围以完成从组合物到反应产物的转换。再或者,二者可以彼此来回移动,或者就此保持静止,只要将可光固化组合物暴露于足以实现固化的电磁辐射即可。
可商购的固化系统,例如“ZETA”7200或7400紫外固化室(Henkel公司,RockyHill,CT)、Fusion UV Curing Systems F-300B(Fusion UV Curing Systems,BuffaloGrove,IL)、Hanovia UV Curing System(Hanovia Corp.,Newark,NJ)、BlackLight ModelB-100(Spectroline,Westbury,NY)和RC500APulsed UV Curing System(Xenon Corp.,Woburn,MA),非常适合本文所述的目的。
所需量的能量可以通过将组合物暴露于较弱能量的电磁辐射源更长的时间段来传送,通过例如多次通过,或者,通过将组合物暴露于较强能量的电磁辐射源下较短的时间段。此外,那些多次通过中的每一个都可以在不同能量强度的源发生。在任何情况下,本领域技术人员应根据特定组合物选择适当的电磁辐射源,并将源放置在与其相距合适距离的位置,这与暴露长度一起优化转换。此外,可能需要使用以间歇方式传送的电磁辐射源,例如通过脉冲或频闪,以确保彻底和完全固化而不会引起过多的热积聚。
在本发明的另一方面,提供了将两个基材粘合在一起的方法,该方法包括将如上所述的组合物施用到至少一个基材上,并且然后将基材配合在一起以使粘合剂固定足够的时间。对于许多应用,基材应由本发明的组合物在小于约150秒的时间内固定,并且根据基材,在短约30秒内。
在本发明的另一方面,提供了所描述组合物的固化产物。
本发明将通过以下实施例进一步说明。
实施例
可光固化组合物由以下表1中标记的成分以记录的量制备。每种组合物还含有6重量%的PMMA(作为增稠剂)以及稳定剂。
表1
标为化合物A、B和C的增塑剂如下所示:
除了标记为化合物A、B或C的增塑剂外,其余增塑剂(如下所示)含有芳环或脂环族环,且分子量大于300。虽然癸二酸二丁酯为直链酯,但链长为8个碳原子(不是3或4个碳原子),并且酯为4个碳原子(不是1、2或3个碳原子)。
MORFLEX 540(偏苯三酸三丁酯)和MORFLEX 560(偏苯三酸三己酯)各自可从Vartellus Holdings LLC,Indianapolis,IN商购获得,以及HEXAMOLL DINCH(1,2-环己烷二羧酸二异壬酯)可从BASF公司,Florham Park,NJ商购获得。
出于附加的比较目的,表2中包括了LOCTITE 4310(可从Henkel公司,Rocky Hill,CT商购获得)。LOCTITE 4310含有氰基丙烯酸乙酯、茂金属和光引发剂以及PMMA,与美国专利号5,922,783一致。
例如,样品A-G和LOCTITE 4310在通过暴露于电磁光谱辐射固化后的断裂伸长率(百分比)。更具体地,将七个样品和LOCTITE 4310各自施用于透明模具,并暴露于配备D灯泡的Fusion UV系统产生的365nm紫外光下。将样品在100mW/cm2的强度下每面固化30秒的时间段,产生厚度范围为0.025至0.034英寸的膜。除了断裂伸长率数据外,固化组合物的外观也标记在表3中。对于每个样品,制备五个试样的重复并评估每隔样本。
下表2显示了对各种评估的观察结果。
表2
从表2中可以看出,样品A、B和C的断裂伸长率为至少35%。实际上,样品A为35%,而样品C为53%,以及样品B为125%。这些样品中的每一个,像没有增塑剂的对照一样,固化成透明的反应产物。其他样品显示的断裂伸长率低于35%,实际上低于10%(最高为5.6%)并固化为不透明的相分离反应产物。
附加的可光固化氰基丙烯酸酯组合物由下表3中标记的成分以记录的量制备。每种组合物还含有6重量%的量的PMMA作为增稠剂以及稳定剂。
表3
样品H-M中的每一个被施用在一对长和宽为1英寸且厚度为1/4英寸的聚碳酸酯样品的面向内的表面之间。如此形成的组件暴露于由LOCTITE Zeta 7411-S UV Flood系统产生的365nm的紫外光下,强度为30mW/cm2,持续10秒。
下表4显示了对各种评估的观察结果。
表4
例如,样品H-M在通过暴露于电磁波谱辐射而固化后的断裂伸长率(百分比)。更具体地,六种样品的每个被施用于透明模具,并暴露于由配备D灯泡的Fusion UV系统产生的365nm紫外光下。将样品在100mW/cm2的强度下每面固化约30秒的时间段,产生厚度范围为0.025至0.034英寸的膜。除了断裂伸长率数据外,固化组合物的外观、聚碳酸酯试样的整体剪切强度和摆动测试(swing test)数据也标记在表4中。对于每种样品,制备和评估五个样本的重复。
在表4中可以看出,断裂伸长率的变化取决于增塑剂是乙酰柠檬酸三乙酯还是CITROFOL II,以及所选择的量是否相对于较低的端点(例如,10重量%,15重量%或20重量%)是更高的端点(例如,25重量%或30重量%)。
对于乙酰柠檬酸三乙酯,在30重量%的水平下观察到207%的断裂伸长率,而在15%时值降到28%。对于CITROFOL II,在25重量%的水平下观察到101%的断裂伸长率。
在将基材与它们之间的样品配合并将如此配合的基材暴露于UV辐射之后,在聚碳酸酯基材上测量整体剪切强度。理想地,如表4所示,样品的反应产物在聚碳酸酯上表现出大于约1800psi,理想地大于约1900psi,例如大于约2200psi的整体剪切强度。
摆动测试测量是使用数字多功能控制器进行,从9点钟位置开始循环180°旋转,其中一个循环从9点钟位置逆时针旋转到3点钟位置,在那里保持1秒钟,然后顺时针旋转回到9点钟位置,并在哪里保持1秒钟。以这种方式,执行60个循环的时间测量为149秒。每个进行摆动测试的样品都被施用到PVC管的外圆周上,其上插入Y型连接器,并然后暴露在LOCTITE品牌的405LED Flood系统发出的紫外光下,以将Y型连接器固化到PVC管。1kg的物体被夹在离非粘合侧PVC管末端约1英寸处,并允许自由悬挂以进行循环运动。PVC管完全脱离Y型连接器的循环数被标记为故障点并记录。
Claims (18)
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中增塑剂组分的存在量为10重量%至30重量%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中增塑剂组分的存在量为15重量%至35重量%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中增塑剂组分的存在量为15重量%至20重量%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其还包含稳定剂。
6.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其还包含稳定化量的酸性稳定剂和自由基抑制剂。
7.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其还包含促进剂组分。
8.根据权利要求7所述的组合物,其中所述促进剂组分选自以下的组:杯芳烃、氧杂杯芳烃、硅冠醚、环糊精、冠醚、聚(乙二醇)二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、乙氧基化的含羟基化合物及它们的组合。
9.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其还包含添加剂,所述添加剂选以下的组:增韧剂、抗震添加剂、触变赋予剂、增稠剂、染料及它们的组合。
10.根据权利要求1所述的组合物的反应产物。
11.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中其反应产物基本上不显示相分离。
12.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中其反应产物显示大于35%的断裂伸长率。
13.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中其反应产物显示大于125%的断裂伸长率。
14.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中其反应产物在聚碳酸酯上显示大于1800psi的整体剪切强度。
15.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中其反应产物在聚碳酸酯上显示大于1900psi的整体剪切强度。
16.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中其反应产物在聚碳酸酯上显示大于2200psi的整体剪切强度。
17.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中其反应产物在摆动测试中显示大于60个循环。
18.将两个基材粘合在一起的方法,其中至少一个基材由热塑性材料构成,所述方法包含以下步骤:
将根据权利要求1所述的氰基丙烯酸酯组合物应用到至少一个基材上,以及
将基材配合在一起足够的时间以使粘合剂固定。
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