CN113868584A

CN113868584A - Dynamic evaluation and regulation method for ecological restoration benefit of engineering disturbance slope in high mountain area

Info

Publication number: CN113868584A
Application number: CN202111052175.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 胡旭东; 赵同晖; 周明涛; 赵冰琴; 王辰元; 杨悦舒
Original assignee: China Three Gorges University CTGU
Current assignee: China Three Gorges University CTGU
Priority date: 2021-09-08
Filing date: 2021-09-08
Publication date: 2021-12-31

Abstract

The invention discloses a dynamic evaluation and regulation method for ecological restoration benefit of an engineering disturbed slope in a high mountain area, which is used for constructing a dynamic evaluation system for ecological restoration benefit of the engineering disturbed slope in the high mountain area; making a reasonable regulation and control scheme according to the evaluation result; and (4) implementing regulation and control to solve the real-time problems in the ecological restoration of the target slope. The evaluation system comprises: and establishing a hierarchical structure model for slope ecological restoration evaluation, establishing an optimal evaluation index weight and an index evaluation standard, and performing comprehensive evaluation on the slope ecological restoration benefit according to the optimal evaluation index weight and the index evaluation standard. The optimization of the slope ecosystem is achieved through circulating evaluation and regulation. The method fully considers the difference and regional characteristics of the high mountain area, provides a real-time quantitative and qualitative evaluation and scientific regulation and control scheme for the ecological restoration benefit of the engineering disturbed slope in the high mountain area, and is favorable for improving the scientific theory of the vegetation restoration technology of the engineering disturbed slope.

Description

Dynamic evaluation and regulation method for ecological restoration benefit of engineering disturbance slope in high mountain area

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of slope ecological restoration, in particular to a dynamic evaluation and regulation method for the ecological restoration benefit of an engineering disturbed slope in a high mountain area.

Background

The southwest China, including high mountain areas such as Qinghai-Tibet plateau and Yunobu plateau, has rich hydropower resources, and creates favorable conditions for comprehensive development of hydropower projects and the like. However, as a critical area of ecological vulnerability, a great deal of engineering disturbance can destroy the original slope ecosystem, such as soil erosion, vegetation degradation, water and soil conservation and stability degradation. Unlike seismic landslides, which are part of mountain self-regulation, which can promote the evolution of slope terrain, engineering construction leaves permanent trauma to the slope ecosystem in high mountain areas. The engineering disturbance slope ecological restoration aims at the degraded slope ecological system, restores the function and structure of the slope ecological system on the basis of diagnosing the failure mechanism, and finally achieves the self-maintenance state. The technology provides new thinking and new opportunities for slope reinforcement and vegetation protection, and is still at the front of theoretical research. Aiming at the characteristics of difference such as steep terrain, severe cold climate and low biological output in mountain areas, how to reasonably evaluate main factors influencing the ecological restoration of the side slope, and timely implement manual regulation and control on the damaged ecological system, so as to ensure the restoration effect in the process of restoring the side slope, and the optimization of the system structure and function is a problem to be solved urgently.

The ecological restoration evaluation of the engineering disturbance slope is complex, and there is wide debate about how to put forward an objective frame and better quantitatively measure the objective frame. The objective framework, which has been defined by scholars to include goals and methods and has been proposed by most researchers, is not only ecological, but also includes the effects of climate change and socioeconomic environments. The goal of engineering disturbed slope ecological restoration is to restore aspects of the damaged ecosystem, including its composition, structure and function. On the basis, more slope ecological restoration evaluation methods are provided, such as experimental evaluation, long-term monitoring, conceptual framework, characteristic index analysis and the like. The latter two methods belong to index evaluation methods for selecting objective facts, and are indicated in relevant documents of slope ecological restoration evaluation, and although the methods are reasonably described, systematic inspection is not performed in specific artificial restoration technology evaluation. In the existing research, key indexes are integrated from a large amount of basic data, objective indexes are selected from the basic data based on a fuzzy AHP model to carry out quantitative evaluation on the slope, and the ecological restoration effect is comprehensively reflected. In contrast, the empirical approach requires less empirical statistical relationship data, but does not take into account socioeconomic environment and other effects. The long-term monitoring mode of the recovery period is widely used for evaluating engineering disturbance ecological restoration, a large amount of time cost is consumed by the method, and limited slope ecological evaluation is usually achieved. However, slope ecological restoration is a complex and comprehensive project, and a scientific and reasonable evaluation system needs to be comprehensively considered from multiple aspects and multiple levels.

The artificial regulation refers to a measure for repairing and perfecting a damaged ecosystem by using ecological engineering under the guidance of a principle of co-creation of human beings and nature. Plays a great role in improving the productivity of an ecosystem and meeting the increasing demands of human beings. The ecological artificial regulation and control ways of the side slope at the present stage mainly comprise biological regulation and control, system structure regulation and control and the like, and both adopt the modes of foreign soil spray seeding and foreign species introduction to regulate and control the native side slope. Although the treatment speed is high, the richness and diversity of species in a sample plot are promoted, and the plant coverage effect is visual, the soil and rock background of a target treatment area is not deeply considered, so that the defects of vegetation degradation, low sustainability, biological invasion and the like are easily caused. In the aspect of slope ecosystem, how to combine various manual regulation and control, and combine natural and manual regulation and control, and realize virtuous circle of the slope ecosystem through a natural mechanism, further research is needed.

Therefore, a set of effective dynamic evaluation and regulation method for slope ecological restoration benefit is established according to the difference and regional characteristics of the mountain area, so that the influence of engineering disturbed slope ecological restoration is quantitatively evaluated, the gap between scientific knowledge and actual requirements is made up, scientific theoretical support is provided for vegetation restoration of the engineering disturbed slope in the mountain area, and the method has important scientific significance for practicing strategic layout of national carbon neutralization and ecological civilization.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a dynamic evaluation and regulation method for the ecological restoration benefit of a disturbed side slope of a high mountain area engineering, which carries out real-time quantitative evaluation on the ecological restoration of the disturbed side slope of the high mountain area engineering by establishing a simplified framework, thereby optimizing and regulating a subsequent regulation scheme in a targeted manner until the regulation and control effect of the ecological restoration engineering of the side slope reaches the expectation.

In order to achieve the technical features, the invention is realized as follows: a dynamic evaluation and regulation method for ecological restoration benefit of engineering disturbed slope in high mountain area comprises the following steps:

step 1: constructing a dynamic evaluation system for the ecological restoration benefit of the engineering disturbed slope in the high mountain area: determining indexes of a criterion layer and an index layer, and establishing four-level criteria suitable for dynamic evaluation of ecological restoration benefits of the engineering disturbed slope in the high mountain area, wherein the four-level criteria are respectively as follows: i, II, III and IV;

step 2: based on the field monitoring and indoor test data of the target slope ecological restoration project, the evaluation system established in the step 1 is adopted to evaluate the target slope ecological restoration project, and the evaluation result of each index of the index layer is recorded as C_xy(x, y is 1, 2, …, n), and the evaluation result of each index of the criterion layer is recorded as B_xy(x, y is 1, 2, …, n), and the final evaluation result is recorded as a_x(x is 1, 2, …, n), and the evaluation result a can be obtained according to the benefit evaluation criteria established in step 1_x(x＝1，2，…，n)；

A_xShowing the final evaluation result when the evaluation system established in the step 1 is adopted to evaluate the ecological restoration benefit of the target slope at the xth time, B_xyRepresenting the evaluation result of the index of the y-th criterion layer when the evaluation system established in the step 1 is adopted to evaluate the ecological restoration benefit of the target slope for the x time, C_xyShowing that the evaluation system established in the step 1 is adopted to carry out ecological restoration on the target slope at the xth timeThe evaluation result of the index of the y index layer during evaluation, wherein x represents the times of evaluating the ecological restoration benefit of the target slope by adopting the evaluation system established in the step 1, and y represents the number of indexes of the criterion layer and the target layer;

and step 3: if the evaluation result A is obtained_x(x 1, 2, …, n) fails to meet the expected target, the criterion layer index evaluation result B is combined_xy(x, y is 1, 2, …, n) and the field condition of the target slope ecological restoration project, and analyzing the real-time problems of the target slope ecological restoration project;

and 4, step 4: and (3) studying and judging the problems found in the step (3), selecting a regulation and control method: if one or more combinations of existing regulation techniques can solve the problem found in step 3, one or more combinations of existing regulation techniques are employed; if one or more combinations of the existing regulation and control technologies cannot solve the problems found in the step 3, a plurality of new regulation and control technologies are developed aiming at the problems found in the step 3, and the new regulation and control technologies are ensured to be feasible;

and 5: making a regulation and control scheme around the regulation and control method selected in the step 4;

step 6: implementing the regulation and control scheme formulated in the step 5 on the target slope ecological restoration project;

and 7: based on-site monitoring and indoor test data of the target slope ecological restoration project, the evaluation system established in the step 1 is adopted to evaluate the regulated and controlled target slope ecological restoration benefits, and the evaluation result of each index of the target layer is recorded as C_x+1y(x, y is 1, 2, …, n), and the evaluation result of each index of the criterion layer is recorded as B_x+1y(x, y is 1, 2, …, n), and the final evaluation result is recorded as a_x+1(x is 1, 2, …, n), and the evaluation result a can be obtained according to the benefit evaluation criteria established in step 1_x+1(x＝1，2，…，n)；

And 8: a is to be_x+1(x ═ 1, 2, …, n) is compared to the expected target if a_x+1If the (x is 1, 2, …, n) reaches the expected target, the ecological restoration engineering of the target slope does not need to be continuously regulated and controlled; if A_x+1(x ═ 1, 2, …, n) does not meet the desired goal, then a subsequent regulatory protocol is developed and optimizedPerforming optimization, and implementing the optimized regulation and control scheme; and the step of formulating and optimizing the subsequent regulation and control scheme and implementing the optimized regulation and control scheme is carried out at least once until the final evaluation result reaches the expected target.

In the step 1, the method for constructing the dynamic evaluation system for the ecological restoration benefit of the engineering disturbed slope in the high mountain area comprises the following steps:

step 1-1: establishing a high mountain area engineering disturbance slope ecological restoration benefit evaluation index hierarchical structure model;

step 1-2: determining the evaluation index weight of the criterion layer and the index layer selected in the step 1-1;

step 1-3: establishing an index evaluation standard for evaluating the ecological restoration benefit of the engineering disturbed slope in the high mountain area;

step 1-4: and (4) comprehensively evaluating the ecological restoration benefits of the engineering disturbed slope in the high mountain area.

The specific operation of the step 1-1 is as follows: determining index layer indexes by taking landform, erosiveness, soil quality and vegetation condition as standard layer indexes of an evaluation system and using regional, scientific, systematic and operability principles screened by engineering disturbance slope ecological restoration benefit evaluation indexes in a high mountain area;

the hierarchical structure model of the engineering disturbance slope ecological restoration benefit evaluation index system in the high mountain area is divided into three levels, namely a target layer A, a standard measurement layer B and an index layer C, wherein:

the target layer A represents the highest level of the hierarchical structure and reflects the comprehensive evaluation index of the ecological restoration benefit;

the criterion layer B represents a main system level of ecological restoration benefits, reflects the level of ecological restoration benefits of engineering disturbance slopes in mountain areas from different aspects, and comprises landforms B1, erosive B2, soil quality B3 and vegetation conditions B4;

the index layer C is a basic hierarchical structure and comprises an altitude C1, a slope C2, a slope C3, a soil erosion amount C4, a soil erosion rate C5, an underground runoff amount C6, soil pHC7, nitrate nitrogen C8, quick-acting phosphorus C9, quick-acting potassium C10, a chlorophyll relative content C11, a specific leaf area C12, an aboveground biomass C13, an underground biomass C14, a vegetation coverage C15, a foreign species coverage C16 and a species diversity C17, and the ecological restoration benefit of the engineering disturbance slope in the high mountain area is directly reflected;

each level corresponds to an evaluation factor set, which is expressed as: b1 ═ C1, C2, C3 }; b2 ═ C4, C5, C6 }; b3 ═ C7, C8, C9, C10 }; b4 ═ C11, C12, C13, C14, C15, C16, C17 }; a1 ═ B1, B2, B3, B4 }.

The specific operation of the step 1-2 is as follows: starting with an index layer in a project disturbance slope ecological restoration benefit evaluation hierarchical structure model in a high mountain area, selecting index weights by multiple experts according to the Delphi principle through an expert investigation weight method, carrying out scale analysis on the importance of basic indexes of a criterion layer by using two indexes to obtain the weight value of each index layer index, and carrying out normalization operation; and obtaining a weight set of the standard layer corresponding to the index layer after consistency test, wherein the weight set is expressed as: w_B1＝{W_C1，W_C2，W_C3}；W_B2＝{W_C4，W_C5，W_C6}； W_B3＝{W_C7，W_C8，W_C9，WC₁₀}；W_B4＝{W_C11，W_C12，W_C13，W_C14，W_C15，W_C16， W_C17}；

Starting with a criterion layer in a high mountain area engineering disturbance slope ecological restoration effect evaluation hierarchical structure model, selecting index weights by multiple experts according to the Delphi principle through an expert investigation weight method, carrying out scale analysis on the importance of basic indexes of a target layer by using two indexes, solving the weight value of each criterion layer index, and carrying out normalization operation; and obtaining a weight set of the standard layer corresponding to the target layer after consistency check, wherein the weight set is expressed as: w_A1＝{W_B1，W_B2，W_B3，W_B4}；

And multiplying the weight value of the index layer relative to the criterion layer by the weight value of the criterion layer relative to the target layer to obtain the weight of each evaluation index in the evaluation of the ecological restoration benefits of the engineering disturbance slope in the alpine region, and establishing a layer total ranking list.

The specific operations of the steps 1-3 are as follows: dividing evaluation criteria of each restoration benefit evaluation index into three grades according to the difference between the original damaged state and the restoration target of the engineering disturbance slope ecosystem in the high mountain area, wherein:

primary standard: the target repair state of expectation or over-expectation of each evaluation index is indicated, and the evaluation value is 1.0;

and (4) secondary standard: the method refers to the repair target process state of each evaluation index, and the evaluation value is 0.5;

and (3) three-level standard: the evaluation value indicates the unrepaired state of each evaluation index, and is 0;

and taking the index monitoring value as a reference, carrying out data statistics on the index monitoring value, determining the evaluation value of the repair benefit evaluation index by combining an APH analysis method and an expert evaluation method, and expressing the evaluation value by using a score.

The specific operations of the steps 1-4 are as follows: obtaining the ecological restoration quality index and evaluation of the restored slope according to the index weight in the step 1-2 and the index standardized evaluation value in the step 1-3:

comprehensive evaluation standard of ecological restoration benefit: dividing the ecological restoration quality index of the engineering disturbance slope into four grade standards, namely grade I: the repairing effect is excellent; and II, stage: the repairing effect is good; grade III: the repairing effect is similar; stage IV: the repair effect is poor, wherein:

stage I: the repair effect is excellent: at the moment, the SERQI is more than 80, which indicates that the structural performance and the functional performance of the engineering disturbance slope ecosystem in the high mountain area are complete and uniform; the slope ecology achieves the effect of natural succession and is integrated with the surrounding natural environment;

and II, stage: the repairing effect is good: at the moment, the SERQI is more than 60 and less than or equal to 80, which indicates that the structural and functional of the engineering disturbed slope ecological system in the high mountain area are basically complete, the ecological landscape effect is general, and the manual monitoring needs to be enhanced and the maintenance standard needs to be improved;

grade III: the repairing effect is general: at the moment, the SERQI is more than 40 and less than or equal to 60, which indicates that part of functions of the ecological ecosystem of the engineering disturbance slope in the high mountain area are not repaired, a small amount of evaluation standards fail to reach the repair target, the influence caused by the engineering disturbance needs to be further eliminated, and a proper regulation and control scheme is made;

stage IV: the repairing effect is poor: at the moment, the SERQI is less than or equal to 40, which indicates that the engineering disturbance slope ecosystem in a high mountain area is still in an original damaged state, the partially lost ecological function is not effectively repaired, most indexes cannot reach the repair target of the ecosystem, the influence caused by the engineering disturbance needs to be greatly eliminated, and a high-strength regulation and control scheme is formulated.

The specific calculation formula of the engineering disturbance slope ecological restoration quality index SERQI comprises the following steps:

in the formula: SI is an index layer index evaluation value; w is the total order of the index weights of all slopes of the index layer; n is the total number of indexes of the side slope of the index layer; x is a single slope index of the index layer;

and completing construction of a dynamic evaluation system for the ecological restoration benefit of the engineering disturbed slope in the high mountain area.

In the step 8, when A is_x+1When the (x ═ 1, 2, …, n) does not reach the expected target, the method for making the subsequent regulating scheme and optimizing is as follows:

step 8-1: repeating the step 3 to the step 5, and formulating a subsequent regulation and control scheme;

step 8-2: a is to be_x+1(x＝1，2，…，n)、B_x+1y(x,y＝1，2，…，n)、C_x+1y(x, y ═ 1, 2, …, n) and A_x(x＝1，2，…，n)、B_xy(x,y＝1，2，…，n)、C_xyAnd (x, y is 1, 2, …, n), respectively, carrying out comparative analysis, and carrying out comparative judgment on the implementation effect of the previous regulation and control scheme, thereby optimizing the subsequent regulation and control scheme established in the step 8-1.

The regulation scheme in the step 8 comprises the following steps:

regulating and controlling soil fertility: the slow-release blended fertilizer prepared by mixing the early-stage fertilizer, the middle-stage fertilizer and the late-stage fertilizer is prepared, so that the vegetation can be better ensured to obtain necessary fertilizer nutrients in the whole growth period; by preparing the anti-freezing ecological slope protection base material which is formed by uniformly mixing the plant soil, cement, humus, a concrete greening additive, silicon powder and palm fiber, the vegetation habitat with reasonable structure, good hydraulic scouring resistance and freezing resistance and high fertilizer efficiency is built so as to repair the damaged side slope vegetation in the alpine region;

slope irrigation regulation and control: the effect of fully covering the concave-convex slope surface by irrigation is achieved by preparing a hydraulic drive type sprinkling irrigation system formed by combining a plurality of sprinkling irrigation units; the slope sprinkling irrigation system with the adjustable height of the spray nozzle and the adjustable water jet angle of the spray nozzle is uniformly distributed in the center of the centers of four adjacent lattice beams, so that the integral irrigation of a slope surface can be met, and the slope sprinkling irrigation system can adapt to various working conditions of the lattice beam slope;

regulating and controlling the stability of the slope and the vegetation: the protective layer, the attaching plate and the planting groove are arranged on the steep slope of the rock body, and the anchor rod, the anchor head, the anchor cable, the water guide pipeline and the water storage cavity are arranged in the rock body, so that the rock steep slope habitat construction and vegetation water supply system is provided, geological disasters can be prevented, vegetation on the steep slope of the rock body can be repaired, and irrigation of the vegetation on the slope can be kept;

the slope vegetation stability is analyzed and evaluated by recording the damage condition of the simulation model vegetation body and the corresponding rainfall and wind load simulation information and comparing the damage condition with the rainfall and wind load natural information of the site, so that a decision basis is provided for artificial regulation and control of the field slope vegetation body, and unstable damage disasters are reduced.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the method is based on the theories of APH analysis, expert evaluation method and the like, combines the literature foundation, provides a dynamic evaluation system for the ecological restoration benefit of the engineering disturbed slope in the high mountain area, comprehensively selects the landform, the erosion, the soil quality and the vegetation condition as the indexes of the criterion layer, objectively and comprehensively selects the representative index of the index layer, develops the evaluation for the ecological restoration quality of the engineering disturbed slope, fully considers the difference and the regional characteristics of the high mountain area, provides scientific basis for the evaluation of the ecological restoration benefit of the engineering disturbed slope, and provides guidance for further perfecting the ecological restoration construction and the environmental protection of the high mountain area.

2. After the ecological restoration of the target slope is scientifically and effectively evaluated, the problem existing in real time in the evaluation of the ecological restoration benefit of the target slope is solved by formulating a reasonable regulation scheme or researching and developing a new regulation technology. The evaluation result after regulation is greatly improved compared with that before regulation, and is consistent with the actual engineering, so that the constructed evaluation index system has good applicability. Through cyclic evaluation and regulation, the staged effect of the regulation and control measures is judged, and an important guiding function is played for the selection and implementation of the subsequent regulation and control measures.

3. The method provides real-time quantitative and qualitative feedback for the engineering disturbance slope ecological restoration benefit in the high mountain area, optimizes and adjusts the subsequent regulation and control scheme in a targeted manner until the regulation and control effect of the slope ecological restoration engineering reaches the expectation, is favorable for improving the function of a slope ecological system in the carbon neutralization process, and is favorable for the sustainable development of ecological civilization construction.

Drawings

The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dynamic evaluation system for ecological restoration benefit of engineering disturbed slope in high mountain area.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The first embodiment is as follows: the rock slope ecological restoration engineering of the Tibet DG hydropower station is taken as an example for explanation.

First, engineering overview:

the project is located in a transition zone at the southeast edge of Tibet plateau of the Tibet DG hydropower station, belongs to the midstream of the Yalu Tibetan Bujiang stem flow, and has the topographic features of typical mountains and valleys of a research area. The regional climate belongs to a highland temperate zone monsoon semi-humid climate area, and has less rainfall in winter, less drought and abundant rainfall in summer. According to meteorological statistical data, when the annual average temperature, precipitation, evaporation and relative humidity are respectively 9.2 ℃, 540.5mm, 2084.1mm and 51%, the maximum frozen soil depth is about 19cm for many years. The main soil types of the project area are grassland soil, aeolian soil, coarse bone soil and the like, wherein the grassland soil is a main component of the soil of the project area. What is needed isThe selected rock slope is a square area with the slope of about 30 degrees, the length of about 20m, the inclined height of about 20m and the total area of about 400m². The engineering is started from 23 days 5 and 23 days 2018 and finished at 29 days 8 and 29 days 2018, and after the rock slope ecological restoration engineering of the Tibetan DG hydropower station is implemented for two years, the slope biological community species are single, and the vegetation growth and degradation are caused.

II, engineering measures:

a dynamic evaluation and regulation method for ecological restoration benefit of engineering disturbed slope in high mountain area comprises the following steps:

step 2: based on the field monitoring and indoor test data of the target slope ecological restoration project, the evaluation system established in the step 1 is adopted to evaluate the target slope ecological restoration project, and the evaluation result of each index of the index layer is recorded as C₁₁、C₁₂、…、C₁₁₇Recording the evaluation result of each index of the criterion layer as B₁₁、B₁₂、B₁₃、 B₁₄Record the final evaluation result as A₁And obtaining an evaluation result A according to the benefit evaluation standard established in the step 1₁(SERQI) ═ 49.33, class iii: the repairing effect is general.

And step 3: evaluation results A₁Comparing with expected target level II, if the expected target is not reached, combining criterion layer index evaluation result B₁₁、B₁₂、B₁₃、B₁₄Analyzing the field situation of the target slope ecological restoration project to obtain the situation that the durability of an ecological slope protection base material is influenced by the influence of local climate and repeated freeze thawing of a rocky slope surface, so that the species of a biological community is single and vegetation growth is degraded;

and 4, step 4: and (4) studying and judging the problems found in the step (3), and selecting a regulation and control method. Aiming at the problems of the target side slope, an anti-freezing ecological slope protection base material is developed (Chinese patent No. 201310469088.7, and grant publication No. CN103510488B), and the method mainly comprises the following steps: the base material is formed by uniformly mixing the vegetation soil, cement, humus, a concrete greening additive, silicon powder and palm fiber, the freezing and thawing resistant cycle number of the base material is more than or equal to 80, when the freezing and thawing cycle number is 80, the mass loss rate is less than or equal to 15%, the relative transverse excitation frequency is more than or equal to 77.5%, and the vegetation habitat which is reasonable in structure, good in water scouring resistance and freezing resistance and high in fertilizer efficiency can be built for the rock exposed side slope in the alpine region so as to repair damaged side slope vegetation.

And 5: making a regulation and control scheme around the regulation and control method selected in the step 4; the anti-freezing ecological slope protection base material is subjected to additional spraying on the rocky slope by a dry spraying method, and the thickness is kept at 8-10 cm;

step 6: implementing the regulation and control scheme formulated in the step 5 on the target slope ecological restoration project; directly performing additional spraying on the anti-freezing ecological slope protection base material on the rocky slope through a guniting device in a dry spraying mode, and keeping the thickness of 8-10 cm;

and 7: after the restoration period of one year, carrying out on-site monitoring and indoor test of the target slope ecological restoration project in 2021 for 6 months, adopting the evaluation system established in the step 1 to evaluate the regulated and controlled target slope ecological restoration benefit, and recording the evaluation result of each index of the target layer as C₂₁、C₂₂、…、C₂₁₇The evaluation result of each index of the criterion layer is recorded as B₂₁、B₂₂、B₂₃、B₂₄Record the final evaluation result as A₂Obtaining an evaluation result A according to the benefit evaluation standard established in the step 1₂(SERQI) ═ 62.19, class ii: the repairing effect is good;

and 8: a is to be₂And the expected target II: good repairing effect, comparative result and evaluation result A₂The expected target is achieved without continuously regulating and controlling the target slope ecological restoration project. The regulation and control effect is remarkable, and is shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 evaluation results before and after ecological restoration and regulation of rock slope

Example two: ecological restoration engineering of construction hardening slope of Tibet DG hydropower station:

first, engineering overview:

the project area is the same as the work area of the first embodiment. The selected construction hardened side slope is a square area with the slope of about 35 degrees, the length of about 41m, the inclined height of about 12m and the total area of about 500m². The project is started from 23 days 5 and 23 days 2018 and finished at 29 days 8 and 8 months 2018, and after the ecological restoration project of the construction hardening slope of the Tibet DG hydropower station is implemented for two years, the contents of nitrate nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium in the base materials of the habitat of partial slope are lower, and the situation of malnutrition of the planted vegetation is presented.

II, engineering measures:

a dynamic evaluation and regulation method for ecological restoration benefit of engineering disturbed slope in high mountain area comprises the following steps: step 1: constructing a dynamic evaluation system for the ecological restoration benefit of the engineering disturbed slope in the high mountain area: determining indexes of a criterion layer and an index layer, and establishing four-level criteria suitable for dynamic evaluation of ecological restoration benefits of the engineering disturbed slope in the high mountain area, wherein the four-level criteria are respectively as follows: stage I: the repairing effect is excellent; and II, stage: the repairing effect is good; grade III: the repairing effect is general; stage IV: the repairing effect is poor;

step 2: based on the field monitoring and indoor test data of the target slope ecological restoration project, the evaluation system established in the step 1 is adopted to evaluate the target slope ecological restoration project, and the evaluation result of each index of the index layer is recorded as C₁₁、C₁₂、…、C₁₁₇Recording the evaluation result of each index of the criterion layer as B₁₁、B₁₂、B₁₃、 B₁₄Record the final evaluation result as A₁And obtaining an evaluation result A according to the benefit evaluation standard established in the step 1₁(SERQI) ═ 42.25, class iii: the repairing effect is general;

and step 3: evaluation results A₁Comparing with expected target level II, if the expected target is not reached, combining criterion layer index evaluation result B₁₁、B₁₂、B₁₃、B₁₄Analyzing the field condition of the ecological restoration engineering of the target side slope to obtain that the concrete covering layer of the construction hardened side slope blocks the natural circulation of water, heat, gas, fertilizer and the like, and the habitat base material has the problems of insufficient fertility and poor fertility sustainability and is extremely unfavorable for vegetation growth;

and 4, step 4: and (4) studying and judging the problems found in the step (3), and selecting a regulation and control method. Aiming at the problems of the target side slope, a 'three-level slow-release blended fertilizer for slope protection plants and a preparation method thereof' is developed (Chinese patent No. CN201510392492.8, and granted bulletin No. CN105036909A), and the method mainly comprises the following contents: the fertilizer is prepared by mixing early-stage fertilizer, middle-stage fertilizer and later-stage fertilizer, and the fertilizer is mixed into a habitat substrate, so that the vegetation can be better ensured to obtain necessary fertilizer nutrients in the whole growth period, and the aim of activating the substrate nutrients is fulfilled.

And 5: and (4) making a regulation and control scheme by surrounding the regulation and control method selected in the step 4: 10-20 parts of early-stage fertilizer, 20-40 parts of middle-stage fertilizer and 30-45 parts of later-stage fertilizer are mixed to prepare a three-stage slow-release blended fertilizer, and regulation and control are implemented by a method of spraying the fertilizer on the slope surface according to the using amount of 10g/m 2.

Step 6: and (3) implementing the regulation and control scheme formulated in the step (5) on the target slope ecological restoration project: 10-20 parts of early-stage fertilizer, 20-40 parts of middle-stage fertilizer and 30-45 parts of later-stage fertilizer are mixed to prepare a three-stage slow-release blended fertilizer, and regulation and control are implemented by a method of spraying the fertilizer on the slope surface according to the using amount of 10g/m 2.

And 7: after the restoration period of one year, carrying out on-site monitoring and indoor test of the target slope ecological restoration project in 2021 for 6 months, adopting the evaluation system established in the step 1 to evaluate the regulated and controlled target slope ecological restoration benefit, and recording the evaluation result of each index of the target layer as C₂₁、C₂₂、…、C₂₁₇The evaluation result of each index of the criterion layer is recorded as B₂₁、B₂₂、B₂₃、B₂₄Record the final evaluation result as A₂Obtaining an evaluation result A according to the benefit evaluation standard established in the step 1₂(SERQI) ═ 60.09, class ii:the repairing effect is good;

and 8: a is to be₂And the expected target II: good repairing effect, comparative result and evaluation result A₂The expected target is achieved without continuously regulating and controlling the target slope ecological restoration project. The regulation and control effect is remarkable, as shown in table 2.

Table 2 evaluation results before and after ecological restoration control of construction hardened slope

Example three: taking ecological restoration engineering of soil-rock mixed slope of Tibet DG hydropower station as an example:

first, engineering overview: the project area is the same as the work area of the first embodiment. The selected soil-stone mixed slope is a square area with the slope of about 46 degrees, the length of about 22m, the inclined height of about 18m and the total area of about 400m². The engineering is started from 5 and 23 days in 2018 and finished to 8 and 29 days in 2018, and after the ecological restoration engineering of the soil-rock mixed slope of the Tibetan DG hydropower station is implemented for two years, vegetation withering and withering on the slope surface occur in the drought and rainless period.

II, engineering measures:

step 2: based on the field monitoring and indoor test data of the target slope ecological restoration project, the evaluation system established in the step 1 is adopted to evaluate the target slope ecological restoration project, and the evaluation result of each index of the index layer is recorded as C₁₁、C₁₂、…、C₁₁₇Recording the evaluation result of each index of the criterion layer as B₁₁、B₁₂、B₁₃、 B₁₄Record the final evaluation result as A₁And obtaining an evaluation result A according to the benefit evaluation standard established in the step 1₁(SERQI) ═ 56.76, grade iii: the repairing effect is general;

and step 3: evaluation results A₁Comparing with expected target level II, if the expected target is not reached, combining criterion layer index evaluation result B₁₁、B₁₂、B₁₃、B₁₄The relatively lowest evaluation value and the field condition of the target slope ecological restoration project are analyzed to obtain the soil-stone mixed slope which is formed by mixing two different materials, the gaps between soil and stones are large, so that the slope has strong water seepage capability and weak water retention capability, and the key for improving the capability of the slope to accumulate natural rainwater is to improve the phenomenon of withering, death and withering of vegetation.

And 4, step 4: and (4) studying and judging the problems found in the step (3), and selecting a regulation and control method. Aiming at the problems of the target side slope, a rock steep side slope habitat construction and vegetation water supply system and method are developed (Chinese patent No. CN201911039370.5, and granted publication No. CN110761303A), and the method comprises the following steps: the first step is as follows: cleaning the steep slope of the rock mass and flattening the steep slope as much as possible; the second step is that: arranging a water guide pipeline and a water storage cavity in the rock mass, and installing a supporting layer, a reinforcing layer and a filtering cover plate to form a water storage and guide system; the third step: drilling a hole in a rock mass to form an anchor hole, fixedly connecting an anchor head with an anchor rod, and installing a perfusion anchor rod in the anchor hole; the fourth step: paving a protective net on the steep slope of the rock mass, spraying concrete, and completely embedding the protective net in the concrete to form a protective layer; the fifth step: arranging a joint plate, and jointing the joint plate and the protective layer; and a sixth step: and (5) installing and fixing the planting groove, filling organic soil in the planting groove, and planting suitable plants. And 5: and (4) making a regulation and control scheme by surrounding the regulation and control method selected in the step 4: the regulation and control are implemented by using a rock steep slope habitat construction and vegetation water supply method on the soil-rock mixed slope. Step 6: and (3) implementing the regulation and control scheme formulated in the step (5) on the target slope ecological restoration project: the regulation and control are implemented by using a rock steep slope habitat construction and vegetation water supply method on a rock slope surface.

And 7: after a one-year restoration period, carrying out on-site monitoring and indoor tests on the target slope ecological restoration project in 2021 and 6 months, evaluating the regulated and controlled target slope ecological restoration benefit by adopting the evaluation system established in the step 1, and recording the evaluation result of each index of a target layer as C₂₁、C₂₂、…、C₂₁₇The evaluation results of the indexes of the criterion layer are recorded as B₂₁、B₂₂、B₂₃、B₂₄Record the final evaluation result as A₂Obtaining an evaluation result A according to the benefit evaluation standard established in the step 1₂(SERQI) ═ 67.34, class ii: the repairing effect is good; and 8: compare a2 with the expected target level ii: the restoration effect is good, and the evaluation result A2 reaches the expected target without continuously regulating and controlling the ecological restoration engineering of the target slope. The regulation and control effect is remarkable, as shown in table 3.

Table 3 evaluation results before and after ecological restoration and regulation of soil-rock mixed slope

In the first to third embodiments, in the step 1, the method for constructing the dynamic evaluation system for the ecological restoration benefit of the engineering disturbed slope in the alpine region comprises the following steps:

step 1-1: determining index layer indexes by using the geographic and geomorphic, erosive, soil quality and vegetation conditions as standard layer indexes of an evaluation system and using regional, scientific, systematic and operability principles screened by the engineering disturbance slope ecological restoration benefit evaluation indexes in the high mountain area;

the evaluation factor set corresponding to each layer is expressed as: b1 ═ C1, C2, C3 }; b2 ═ C4, C5, C6 }; b3 ═ C7, C8, C9, C10 }; b4 ═ C11, C12, C13, C14, C15, C16, C17 }; a1 ═ B1, B2, B3, B4 }.

The above evaluation indexes are described in table 4:

TABLE 4 evaluation index and description of ecological restoration benefit of engineering disturbance slope

Step 1-2: determining the evaluation index weight of the criterion layer and the index layer selected in the step 1-1:

starting with an index layer in a high mountain area engineering disturbance slope ecological restoration benefit evaluation hierarchical structure model, selecting index weights by multiple experts according to the Delphi principle through an expert investigation weight method, carrying out scale analysis on the importance of basic indexes of a criterion layer by using two indexes to obtain the weight value of each index layer, and carrying out normalization operation; and obtaining a weight set of the index layer corresponding to the criterion layer after consistency check, wherein the weight set is expressed as: w_B1＝{W_C1，W_C2，W_C3}；W_B2＝{W_C4，W_C5，W_C6}；W_B3＝{W_C7，W_C8，W_C9， WC₁₀}；W_B4＝{W_C11，W_C12，W_C13，W_C14，W_C15}；

And multiplying the weight value of the index layer relative to the criterion layer by the weight value of the criterion layer relative to the target layer to obtain the weight of each evaluation index in the evaluation of the ecological restoration benefits of the engineering disturbance slope in the alpine region, and establishing a layer total ranking list. As shown in table 5:

TABLE 5 high mountain area engineering disturbance slope ecological restoration benefit comprehensive quality evaluation index weight

Step 1-3: establishing an index evaluation standard for evaluating the ecological restoration benefit of the engineering disturbed slope in the high mountain area:

dividing evaluation criteria of each restoration benefit evaluation index into three grades according to the difference between the original damaged state and the restoration target of the engineering disturbance slope ecosystem in the high mountain area, wherein:

and (3) three-level standard: this indicates the unrepaired state of each evaluation index, and the evaluation value is 0.

And taking the index monitoring value as a reference, carrying out data statistics on the index monitoring value, determining the evaluation value of the repair benefit evaluation index by combining an APH analysis method and an expert evaluation method, and expressing the evaluation value by using a score. As shown in table 6:

TABLE 6 evaluation standard of ecological restoration benefit indexes of engineering disturbance slope in high mountain area

Step 1-4: comprehensive evaluation of ecological restoration benefits of engineering disturbed slope in high mountain area:

obtaining the ecological restoration quality index and evaluation of the slope after restoration according to the index weight in the step 1-2 and the index standardized evaluation value in the step 1-3:

1) comprehensive evaluation of ecological restoration benefits: the evaluation standard of the ecological restoration benefit of the engineering disturbance slope is as follows:

table 7 evaluation standard table for ecological restoration benefit of engineering disturbance slope

2) Calculating an engineering disturbance Slope Ecological Restoration Quality Index (SERQI):

the calculation results are shown in Table 1; table 2; table 3.

Claims

1. A dynamic evaluation and regulation method for ecological restoration benefit of engineering disturbed slope in high mountain area is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 2: based on target side slopeOn-site monitoring and indoor test data of the ecological restoration project, the evaluation system established in the step 1 is adopted to evaluate the ecological restoration project of the target slope, and the evaluation result of each index of the index layer is recorded as C_xy(x, y is 1, 2, …, n), and the evaluation result of each index of the criterion layer is recorded as B_xy(x, y is 1, 2, …, n), and the final evaluation result is recorded as a_x(x is 1, 2, …, n), and the evaluation result a can be obtained according to the benefit evaluation criteria established in step 1_x(x＝1，2，…，n)；

A_xShowing the final evaluation result when the evaluation system established in the step 1 is adopted to evaluate the ecological restoration benefit of the target slope at the xth time, B_xyShowing the evaluation result of the index of the y-th criterion layer when the evaluation system established in the step 1 is adopted to evaluate the ecological restoration benefit of the target slope for the x time, C_xyThe evaluation result of the index of the y index layer when the evaluation system established in the step 1 is adopted to evaluate the ecological restoration benefit of the target slope for the x time is shown, the x shows the evaluation times of the evaluation system established in the step 1 to evaluate the ecological restoration benefit of the target slope, and the y shows the number of indexes of the criterion layer and the target layer;

And 8: a is to be_x+1(x ═ 1, 2, …, n) is compared to the expected target if a_x+1If the (x is 1, 2, …, n) reaches the expected target, the ecological restoration engineering of the target slope does not need to be continuously regulated and controlled; if A_x+1(x ═ 1, 2, …, n) does not meet the desired goal, then a subsequent regulation scheme needs to be formulated and optimized, and the optimized regulation scheme is implemented; and the step of formulating and optimizing the subsequent regulation and control scheme and implementing the optimized regulation and control scheme is carried out at least once until the final evaluation result reaches the expected target.

2. The method for dynamically evaluating and regulating the ecological restoration benefit of the engineering disturbed slope in the high mountain area according to claim 1, wherein the method for constructing the dynamic evaluation system for the ecological restoration benefit of the engineering disturbed slope in the high mountain area in the step 1 comprises the following steps:

3. The dynamic evaluation and regulation and control method for the ecological restoration benefit of the engineering disturbed slope in the alpine region according to claim 2, wherein the specific operations of the step 1-1 are as follows: determining index layer indexes by using the geographic and geomorphic, erosive, soil quality and vegetation conditions as standard layer indexes of an evaluation system and using regional, scientific, systematic and operability principles screened by the engineering disturbance slope ecological restoration benefit evaluation indexes in the high mountain area;

the criterion layer B represents a main system level of ecological restoration benefits, and reflects the level of ecological restoration benefits of engineering disturbance slopes in mountain areas from different aspects, including landform B1, aggressiveness B2, soil quality B3 and vegetation status B4;

the index layer C is a basic hierarchical structure and comprises an altitude C1, a slope C2, a slope C3, a soil erosion amount C4, a soil erosion rate C5, an underground runoff amount C6, soil pHC7, nitrate nitrogen C8, quick-acting phosphorus C9, quick-acting potassium C10, a chlorophyll relative content C11, a specific leaf area C12, an aboveground biomass C13, an underground biomass C14, a vegetation coverage C15, a foreign species coverage C16 and a species diversity C17, and the ecological restoration benefit of the engineering disturbance slope in the alpine region is directly reflected;

4. The dynamic evaluation and regulation and control method for the ecological restoration benefit of the engineering disturbed slope in the alpine region according to claim 2, wherein the specific operations of the steps 1-2 are as follows: starting with an index layer in a high mountain area engineering disturbance slope ecological restoration benefit evaluation hierarchical structure model, selecting index weights by multiple experts according to the Delphi principle through an expert investigation weight method, andcarrying out scale analysis on the importance of the basic indexes of the criterion layer by using two indexes, solving the weight value of each index layer index, and carrying out normalization operation; and obtaining a weight set of the index layer corresponding to the criterion layer after consistency check, wherein the weight set is expressed as: w_B1＝{W_C1，W_C2，W_C3}；W_B2＝{W_C4，W_C5，W_C6}；W_B3＝{W_C7，W_C8，W_C9，WC₁₀}；W_B4＝{W_C11，W_C12，W_C13，W_C14，W_C15，W_C16，W_C17}；

And multiplying the weight value of the index layer relative to the criterion layer by the weight value of the criterion layer relative to the target layer to obtain the weight of each evaluation index in the evaluation of the ecological restoration benefits of the engineering disturbance slope in the alpine region, and establishing a hierarchical total ranking list.

5. The dynamic evaluation and regulation and control method for the ecological restoration benefit of the engineering disturbed slope in the alpine region according to claim 2, wherein the specific operations of the steps 1-3 are as follows: dividing evaluation criteria of each restoration benefit evaluation index into three grades according to the difference between the original damaged state and the restoration target of the engineering disturbance slope ecosystem in the high mountain area, wherein:

6. The dynamic evaluation and regulation and control method for the ecological restoration benefit of the engineering disturbed slope in the alpine region according to claim 2, wherein the specific operations of the steps 1-4 are as follows: obtaining the ecological restoration quality index and evaluation of the restored slope according to the index weight in the step 1-2 and the index standardized evaluation value in the step 1-3:

comprehensive evaluation standard of ecological restoration benefit: dividing the ecological restoration quality index of the engineering disturbance slope into four grade standards, namely grade I: the repairing effect is excellent; and II, stage: the repairing effect is good; grade III: the repairing effect is general; IV stage: the repair effect is poor, wherein:

and II, stage: the repairing effect is good: at the moment, the SERQI is more than 60 and less than or equal to 80, which indicates that the structural and functional properties of the engineering disturbed slope ecological system in the high mountain area are basically complete, the ecological landscape effect is general, and manual monitoring needs to be enhanced and the maintenance standard needs to be improved;

grade III: the repairing effect is general: at the moment, the SERQI is more than 40 and less than or equal to 60, which indicates that part of the functions of the engineering disturbance slope ecological system in the high mountain area are not restored, a small amount of evaluation standards fail to reach the restoration target, the influence caused by the engineering disturbance needs to be further eliminated, and a proper regulation and control scheme is formulated;

IV stage: the repairing effect is poor: at the moment, the SERQI is less than or equal to 40, which indicates that the engineering disturbance slope ecosystem in a high mountain area is still in an original damaged state, the partially lost ecological function is not effectively repaired, most indexes cannot reach the repair target of the ecosystem, the influence caused by the engineering disturbance needs to be greatly eliminated, and a high-strength regulation and control scheme is made.

7. The method for dynamically evaluating and regulating the ecological restoration benefit of the engineering disturbed slope in the high mountain area according to claim 6, wherein the concrete calculation formula of the quality index SERQI of the engineering disturbed slope is as follows:

in the formula: SI is an index layer index evaluation value; w is the total order of the index weights of all slopes of the index layer; n is the total index number of the side slope of the index layer; x is a single slope index of the index layer;

8. The method for dynamically evaluating and regulating the ecological restoration benefit of the engineering disturbed slope in the alpine region according to claim 1, wherein in the step 8, when A is used, the dynamic evaluation and regulation of the ecological restoration benefit of the engineering disturbed slope in the alpine region is performed_x+1When the (x ═ 1, 2, …, n) does not reach the expected target, the method for making the subsequent regulation and control scheme and optimizing is as follows:

9. The dynamic evaluation and regulation and control method for the ecological restoration benefit of the engineering disturbed slope in the alpine region according to claim 1, wherein the regulation and control scheme in the step 8 comprises the following steps:

regulating and controlling soil fertility:

the slow-release blended fertilizer prepared by mixing the early-stage fertilizer, the middle-stage fertilizer and the late-stage fertilizer is prepared, so that the vegetation can be better ensured to obtain necessary fertilizer nutrients in the whole growth period; by preparing the anti-freezing ecological slope protection base material which is formed by uniformly mixing the plant soil, cement, humus, a concrete greening additive, silicon powder and palm fiber, the vegetation habitat with reasonable structure, good hydraulic scouring resistance and freezing resistance and high fertilizer efficiency is built so as to repair the damaged side slope vegetation in the alpine region;

slope irrigation regulation and control:

the effect of fully covering the concave-convex slope surface by irrigation is achieved by preparing a hydraulic drive type sprinkling irrigation system formed by combining a plurality of sprinkling irrigation units; the slope sprinkling irrigation system with the adjustable height of the spray nozzle and the adjustable water outlet jet angle of the spray nozzle is uniformly distributed in the center of the centers of four adjacent lattice beams, so that the integral irrigation of the slope can be met, and the slope sprinkling irrigation system can adapt to various working conditions of the lattice beam slope;

regulating and controlling the stability of the slope and the vegetation:

the protective layer, the attaching plate and the planting groove are arranged on the steep slope of the rock body, and the anchor rod, the anchor head, the anchor cable, the water guide pipeline and the water storage cavity are arranged in the rock body, so that the system for constructing the habitat of the steep slope of the rock and supplying water for vegetation is provided, geological disasters can be prevented, vegetation on the steep slope of the rock body can be repaired, and irrigation of the vegetation on the steep slope of the rock body can be kept;

the slope vegetation stability is analyzed and evaluated by recording the damage condition of the simulation model vegetation body and the corresponding rainfall and wind load simulation information and comparing the damage condition with the field rainfall and wind load natural information so as to provide decision basis for artificial regulation and control of the field slope vegetation body and reduce unstable damage disasters.