CN113866554A - Non-contact detection-based distributed fault positioning device and method for power transmission line - Google Patents
Non-contact detection-based distributed fault positioning device and method for power transmission line Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a distributed fault positioning device for a power transmission line based on non-contact detection.A non-contact fault monitoring terminal is arranged on a tower below a three-phase wire so as to collect a power frequency magnetic field signal, a space electric field signal, a traveling wave magnetic field signal and a traveling wave electric field signal which are generated by the three-phase wire in the surrounding space during fault in real time; the data center is in wireless connection with the non-contact fault monitoring terminal to obtain a power frequency magnetic field signal, a space electric field signal, a traveling wave magnetic field signal and a traveling wave electric field signal, effective signal optimization and reconstruction are carried out on the power frequency magnetic field signal and the space electric field signal to obtain a magnetic field fundamental wave signal and an electric field fundamental wave signal, whether the line has a fault or not is judged according to the magnetic field fundamental wave signal and the electric field fundamental wave signal, if yes, a fault point is further located through the traveling wave magnetic field signal and the traveling wave electric field signal, and if not, the line has no fault. The installation is not required to be powered off; the applicability of the distributed fault positioning technology is greatly improved, and the stable operation of the power transmission line is protected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of smart power grids, in particular to a distributed fault positioning device and method for a power transmission line based on non-contact detection.
Background
With the rapid development of the construction of the Chinese power grid, the total length of the operation or construction of the ultra-high voltage transmission line exceeds 3 km, the voltage level is high, the transmission distance is long, the sections spanning mountainous areas, rivers, high-speed rails, expressways and important power lines are more, and the nature, positioning, diagnosis and analysis of faults of the transmission line have important significance for the safe, reliable and economic operation of a power system. Although the traveling wave distance measuring device conventionally installed in the transformer substation can accurately position the fault point position in principle, in practical application, the positioning accuracy and the practical effect are greatly influenced by the problems of effective extraction of weak traveling wave signals such as high-impedance faults, effective identification of fault point reflected waves and opposite-end bus reflected waves, effective identification and positioning of lightning interference and the like.
In recent years, a novel technical route for comprehensive diagnosis by combining an operation and maintenance center analysis service system through distributed installation monitoring terminals is provided in the industry, compared with a conventional in-station distance measuring device, the interval distance is greatly shortened, the linearity of line parameters in the interval is greatly enhanced, the function implementation of a central station is more flexible, and basic conditions are provided for greatly improving the positioning precision of the fault position of the power transmission line and the accuracy of diagnosis and analysis. At present, a plurality of colleges and universities, scientific research institutions and equipment manufacturers at home and abroad research solutions in the field and manufacture products, and a series of scientific research achievements are obtained, so that the fault diagnosis effect is obviously improved.
The existing distributed traveling wave positioning technology needs to directly install a monitoring terminal on a transmission line conductor, and the following outstanding problems are easy to occur:
the first is that: the monitoring terminal must be installed in a power failure mode, due to the fact that a power transmission line is high in voltage level and large in power transmission capacity, the operation reliability and economy of a power grid can be reduced due to the fact that power failure installation is conducted, and for lines with high power supply reliability requirements, the terminal cannot be installed due to the fact that power failure cannot be conducted, and the applicability of the technology is greatly reduced;
secondly, the following steps: the monitoring terminal runs in a high-pressure magnetic field environment on a lead, which brings adverse effects on the running of core components such as a data processing module and a communication module in the monitoring terminal and is difficult to ensure the long-term running reliability;
thirdly, the method comprises the following steps: after the monitoring terminal is installed on the wire, operation and maintenance personnel can not maintain and maintain the equipment as required, and when local modules are damaged or function is abnormal, the operation of the whole machine is abnormal, so that the reliability of fault monitoring and diagnosis is reduced.
Based on the above, the distributed fault location technology needs to be updated and upgraded.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a distributed fault positioning device and method for a power transmission line based on non-contact detection, so as to overcome the defects in the prior art.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a distributed fault location of a power transmission line based on non-contact detection comprises the following steps:
the non-contact fault monitoring terminal is arranged on a tower below the three-phase wire so as to collect a power frequency magnetic field signal, a space electric field signal, a traveling wave magnetic field signal and a traveling wave electric field signal which are generated by the three-phase wire in the surrounding space during fault in real time;
the data center is in wireless connection with the non-contact fault monitoring terminal to obtain a power frequency magnetic field signal, a space electric field signal, a traveling wave magnetic field signal and a traveling wave electric field signal of the non-contact fault monitoring terminal, effective signal optimization and reconstruction are carried out on the power frequency magnetic field signal and the space electric field signal to obtain a power frequency magnetic field fundamental wave signal and a space electric field fundamental wave signal, whether the line has a fault is judged according to the power frequency magnetic field signal and the space electric field signal, if yes, a fault point is further located through the traveling wave magnetic field signal and the traveling wave electric field signal, and if not, the line has no fault.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.
Further, the non-contact fault monitoring terminal includes:
the magnetic field sensor is provided with two paths of voltage signal outputs;
the magnetic field signal conditioning and processing circuit is connected with the two paths of output voltage signals of the magnetic field sensor, and sequentially performs voltage following processing, low-pass filtering, multi-path amplification and analog-to-digital conversion on one path of voltage signal to obtain at least 4 paths of work frequency magnetic field signals; and sequentially carrying out voltage following processing, high-pass filtering, multi-path amplification and analog-to-digital conversion on the other path of voltage signal to obtain at least 4 paths of traveling wave magnetic field signals;
the electric field sensor is provided with two paths of voltage signal outputs;
the electric field signal conditioning and processing circuit is connected with the two paths of output voltage signals of the electric field sensor, the two paths of voltage signals are subjected to voltage following processing respectively, then the two paths of voltage signals are subjected to addition to combine the two paths of signals into one, and the combined two-path signal is subjected to low-pass filtering, multi-path amplification and analog-to-digital conversion in sequence to obtain at least 4 paths of space electric field signals; meanwhile, the signals combined into one are sequentially subjected to high-pass filtering, multi-path amplification and analog-to-digital conversion to obtain at least 4 paths of traveling wave electric field signals;
the central processing unit is connected with the outputs of the magnetic field signal conditioning and processing circuit and the electric field signal conditioning and processing circuit and is used for judging the triggering conditions of the signals uploaded by the magnetic field signal conditioning and processing circuit and the electric field signal conditioning and processing circuit;
if any one of the power frequency magnetic field signals meets the triggering condition, extracting multiple paths of signals with preset time length simultaneously and caching the multiple paths of signals in a cache;
if any one of the traveling wave magnetic field signals meets the triggering condition, synchronously caching the multiple paths of signals in a cache;
if any one of the spatial electric field signals meets the triggering condition, extracting multiple paths of signals with preset time length simultaneously and caching the multiple paths of signals in a cache;
if any one of the traveling wave electric field signals meets the triggering condition, synchronously caching the multiple paths of signals into a cache;
the GPS/Beidou clock is used for timing signals in the cache;
and the data transmission module is connected with the output of the central processing unit, establishes communication connection with the data center and uploads the time-service signal to the data center.
Further, the magnetic field signal conditioning and processing circuit comprises:
the two voltage followers a are respectively connected with the two voltage signal outputs of the magnetic field sensor;
a low-pass filter circuit a connected to an output of one of the voltage followers a;
a high-pass filter circuit a connected with the output of the other voltage follower a;
two at least 4-way amplifiers a, wherein one of the amplifiers a is connected with the output of the low-pass filter circuit a, and the other amplifier a is connected with the output of the high-pass filter circuit a;
and each path of output of each amplifier a is connected with one analog-to-digital converter a.
Further, electric field signal conditioning and processing circuit includes:
the two voltage followers b are respectively connected with the two voltage signal outputs of the electric field sensor;
the input of the adder is respectively connected with the outputs of the two voltage followers b;
a low-pass filter circuit b connected to an output of the adder;
a high-pass filter circuit b connected to the output of the adder;
two at least 4-way amplifiers b, one of which is connected with the output of the low-pass filter circuit b and the other of which is connected with the output of the high-pass filter circuit b;
and each output of each amplifier b is connected with one analog-to-digital converter b.
Further, the magnetic field sensor includes:
a plurality of cylindrical rod blanks which are arranged in parallel and made of high-permeability nanocrystalline;
the enameled wires are wound on the plurality of cylindrical rod blanks, and after current is led in, the cylindrical rod blanks generate magnetic fields in the same direction, and the number of turns of the wound enameled wires on each cylindrical rod blank is the same;
and two wiring terminals of the non-inductive resistor R are respectively connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the enameled wire.
Further, the electric field sensor includes:
the upper cover and the lower cover of the shell are made of metal materials and are grounded, and the side plates on the two sides of the shell are made of flame retardant materials;
the two metal polar plates are vertically arranged in the shell, the vertical metal polar plates are vertical to the ground and are parallel to the three-phase lead, and the horizontal metal polar plates are parallel to the three-phase lead and the ground;
the three-phase electric field on the wire forms a suspension potential U on the vertical metal polar plate1And the three-phase electric field on the wire forms a suspension potential U on the horizontal metal polar plate2(ii) a Suspension potential U1And U2Is proportional to the voltage on the three phase conductors.
A distributed fault positioning method for a power transmission line based on non-contact detection comprises the following steps:
s100, collecting a power frequency magnetic field signal, a space electric field signal, a traveling wave magnetic field signal and a traveling wave electric field signal which are generated by a three-phase lead in a surrounding space during fault in real time;
s200, respectively optimizing the power frequency magnetic field signal and the space electric field signal to respectively obtain a power frequency magnetic field target signal array and a space electric field target signal array;
s300, respectively reconstructing the power frequency magnetic field target signal array and the space electric field target signal array to respectively obtain a power frequency magnetic field fundamental wave signal and a space electric field fundamental wave signal;
s400, judging whether the line has a fault according to the power frequency magnetic field fundamental wave signal and the space electric field fundamental wave signal, if so, further positioning a fault point through the traveling wave magnetic field signal and the traveling wave electric field signal, and if not, determining that the line has no fault.
Further, carrying out effective signal optimization on the power frequency magnetic field signal specifically comprises:
acquiring multi-channel power frequency magnetic field signals uploaded when each acquisition channel of the non-contact fault monitoring terminal is triggered by faults, and judging finallyWhether the magnetic field signal uploaded on one path is saturated is marked as ADnSuppose ADnThe corresponding waveform array is Y [ N ]]Extracting the data length N of one period from the first data point0And calculating an effective value:
in the same manner, taking N from the second point and the third point … … back in sequence0Calculating effective value of length to obtain E (2), E (3) and E (4) … … in turn, and when a certain point is less than N0When the calculation is finished, stopping the calculation;
sequentially judging E (1), E (2), E (3) … … and
wherein E' is ADnThe absolute value of the channel range amplitude, wherein epsilon% is a deviation coefficient;
when any
When the signal is saturated, the signal is considered to be saturated, otherwise, when all E (1), E (2) and E (3) … … are less than or equal to
When, ADnThe path signal is not saturated;
if ADnSaturation, then ADnIf the way signal is invalid, then AD is takenn-1The signal is judged to be saturated, if the signal is still saturated, AD is further judged forwardn-2Until finding the first unsaturated signal, taking the signal as a target signal, and waiting for entering the next calculation;
and repeating the process to obtain a power frequency magnetic field target signal array.
Further, the reconstruction of the power frequency magnetic field target signal array specifically comprises:
the following complex numbers are calculated in sequence:
……
e is the natural logarithm, j is the complex unit, with j2＝-1；
When the starting point of the formula is less than N0When the calculation is finished, stopping the calculation;
the calculated phase angles corresponding to the plurality are < Z (1), < Z (2), … … and < Z (n) in sequence;
the reconstructed power frequency magnetic field fundamental wave signal is Y0Then, there are:
Y0(1)＝E(1)×cos∠Z(1)
Y0(2)＝E(2)×cos∠Z(2)
……
Y0(n)＝E(n)×cos∠Z(n)。
further, fault judgment:
the maximum value in the power frequency magnetic field target signal arrays E (1), E (2), E (3) … … E (n) is marked as EmaxMinimum value is denoted as Emin；
And E (1), E (2), E (3) … … E (n) are traversed in sequence to find the value E which satisfies the following formula:
finding two values of E satisfying the above formula for the first time, assuming E (m) and E (n), and the corresponding time of the elements Y (m) and Y (n) in the corresponding magnetic field fundamental wave signal Y is tn，tm；
If the following conditions are met: | tm-tn|∈[20,100]
And judging that the line has a fault, otherwise, if all the power frequency magnetic field fundamental wave signals do not meet the formula, determining that the line has no fault.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the non-contact fault monitoring terminals are arranged on the transmission line tower in a distributed mode, so that power failure installation is not needed;
2) the device is not easy to damage and convenient to maintain;
3) the applicability of the distributed fault positioning technology is greatly improved, and the stable operation of the power transmission line is protected.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a distributed fault location device for a power transmission line based on non-contact detection according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of the present invention relating to magnetic field signal processing;
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of the present invention relating to electric field signal processing;
FIG. 4 is a front view of a magnetic field sensor of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a distribution diagram of the blank of four cylindrical rods in the magnetic field sensor of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a winding diagram of a magnetic field sensor according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a structural view of an electric field sensor in the present invention.
In the drawings:
1. the non-contact fault monitoring terminal comprises a non-contact fault monitoring terminal 110, a magnetic field sensor 111, a cylindrical rod blank 112, an enameled wire 113, non-inductive resistors R and 114, a shell 120, a magnetic field signal conditioning and processing circuit 121, voltage followers a and 122, low-pass filter circuits a and 123, high-pass filter circuits a and 124, amplifiers a and 125, analog-to-digital converters a and 130, an electric field sensor 131, a shell 132, metal plates 140, an electric field signal conditioning and processing circuit 141, voltage followers b and 142, an adder 143, low-pass filter circuits b and 144, high-pass filter circuits b and 145, amplifiers b and 146, analog-to-digital converters b and 150, a central processing unit 160, a data transmission module 170, a GPS/Beidou clock 2 and a data center.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a distributed fault location device for power transmission line based on non-contact detection includes: the system comprises a non-contact fault monitoring terminal 1 and a data center 2;
the non-contact fault monitoring terminal 1 is arranged on a tower below the three-phase lead, and a power frequency magnetic field signal, a space electric field signal, a traveling wave magnetic field signal and a traveling wave electric field signal which are generated by the three-phase lead in the surrounding space when a fault occurs are collected in real time through the non-contact fault monitoring terminal 1;
the data center 2 is wirelessly connected with the non-contact fault monitoring terminal 1, the data center 2 is used for acquiring a power frequency magnetic field signal, a space electric field signal, a traveling wave magnetic field signal and a traveling wave electric field signal of the non-contact fault monitoring terminal 1, performing effective signal optimization and reconstruction on the power frequency magnetic field signal and the space electric field signal to obtain a power frequency magnetic field fundamental wave signal and a space electric field fundamental wave signal, judging whether a line has a fault or not according to the power frequency magnetic field signal and the space electric field signal, if so, further positioning a fault point through the traveling wave magnetic field signal and the traveling wave electric field signal, and if not, determining that the line has no fault.
The data center 2 and the non-contact fault monitoring terminal 1 can be connected in a 3G wireless communication mode, or in a 4G wireless communication mode, or in a 5G wireless communication mode, and the like. Example 2
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, the present embodiment is a further improvement on the basis of embodiment 1, and specifically includes the following steps:
the non-contact fault monitoring terminal 1 includes: the system comprises a magnetic field sensor 110, a magnetic field signal conditioning and processing circuit 120, an electric field sensor 130, an electric field signal conditioning and processing circuit 140, a central processing unit 150, a data transmission module 160 and two GPS/Beidou clocks 170;
the magnetic field sensor 110 has two voltage signal outputs;
the magnetic field signal conditioning and processing circuit 120 is connected with the two output voltage signals of the magnetic field sensor 110, and the magnetic field signal conditioning and processing circuit 120 sequentially performs voltage following processing, low-pass filtering, multi-path amplification and analog-to-digital conversion on one voltage signal of the magnetic field sensor 110 to obtain at least 4 paths of power frequency magnetic field signals; meanwhile, the magnetic field signal conditioning and processing circuit 120 sequentially performs voltage following processing, high-pass filtering, multi-path amplification and analog-to-digital conversion on the other path of voltage signal of the magnetic field sensor 110 to obtain at least 4 paths of traveling wave magnetic field signals;
the electric field sensor 130 has two voltage signal outputs;
the electric field signal conditioning and processing circuit 140 is connected with the two output voltage signals of the electric field sensor 130, the electric field signal conditioning and processing circuit 140 respectively performs voltage following processing on the two voltage signals of the electric field sensor 130, then the two voltage signals are added to combine the two signals into one, and the electric field signal conditioning and processing circuit 140 sequentially performs low-pass filtering, multi-path amplification and analog-to-digital conversion on the combined two-in-one signal to obtain at least 4 spatial electric field signals; meanwhile, the electric field signal conditioning and processing circuit 140 sequentially performs high-pass filtering, multi-path amplification and analog-to-digital conversion on the signals combined into one to obtain at least 4 paths of traveling wave electric field signals;
the central processing unit 150 is connected to the output of the magnetic field signal conditioning and processing circuit 120 to determine the trigger condition of the signal uploaded by the magnetic field signal conditioning and processing circuit 120;
if any one of the digital signals reflecting the magnitude of the magnetic field meets the triggering condition, simultaneously extracting multiple paths of signals with preset time length and caching the signals in a cache;
if any one of the digital signals reflecting the change of the magnetic field meets the triggering condition, synchronously caching the multiple paths of signals in a cache;
meanwhile, the central processing unit 150 is also connected to the output of the electric field signal conditioning and processing circuit 140, and performs trigger condition judgment on the digital signal uploaded by the electric field signal conditioning and processing circuit 140;
if any one of the digital signals reflecting the magnitude of the electric field meets the triggering condition, simultaneously extracting multiple paths of signals with preset time length and caching the signals in a cache;
if any one of the digital signals reflecting the change of the electric field meets the triggering condition, synchronously caching the multiple paths of signals into a cache;
the GPS/Beidou clock 170 is connected with the central processing unit 150 so as to time the signals in the cache;
the data transmission module 160 is connected to the output of the central processing unit 150, the data transmission module 160 establishes a communication connection with the data center 2, and uploads the time-delayed signal to the data center 2, and the data transmission module 160 adopts 3G/4G network communication.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, and fig. 3, the present embodiment is a further improvement on embodiment 2, and specifically includes the following steps:
the cut-off frequency of the low-pass filter in the magnetic field signal conditioning and processing circuit 120 is 200Hz to 500 Hz;
the cut-off frequency of the high-pass filter in the magnetic field signal conditioning and processing circuit 120 is 2 kHz-10 kHz;
the cut-off frequency of the low-pass filter in the electric field signal conditioning and processing circuit 140 is 200Hz to 500 Hz;
the cut-off frequency of the high-pass filter in the electric field signal conditioning and processing circuit 140 is 2 kHz-10 kHz.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, and fig. 3, the present embodiment is a further improvement on embodiment 3, and specifically includes the following steps:
the magnetic field signal conditioning and processing circuit 120 includes: two voltage followers a121, a low-pass filter circuit a122, a high-pass filter circuit a123, two amplifiers a124 and an analog-to-digital converter a 125;
the two voltage followers a121 are respectively connected with two voltage signal outputs of the magnetic field sensor 110;
the low-pass filter circuit a122 is connected with the output of one of the voltage followers a 121;
the high-pass filter circuit a123 is connected with the output of the other voltage follower a 121;
one of the two amplifiers a124 is connected to the output of the low-pass filter circuit a122, and the other is connected to the output of the high-pass filter circuit a 123;
and each output of each amplifier a124 is connected to an analog-to-digital converter a 125.
In general, the amplifier a124 is preferably a 4-way amplifier, in which case the number of the analog-to-digital converters a125 corresponds to eight, and for the 4-way amplifier connected to the low-pass filter circuit a122, the 4-way amplification factors are n1,a2n1,a2n1,a2n1Wherein n is12 to 10, a is 8 to 16;
for the 4-way amplifier connected with the high-pass filter circuit a123, the 4-way amplification factors are n2,bn2,b2n2,b3n2Wherein n is22 to 10, b is 10 to 20;
of course, other amplifiers than 4-way amplifiers are not excluded,
the reason why the 4-way route is preferable in the present invention is that:
since the non-contact measurement is affected by the arrangement of the wires and the installation position of the equipment, the measurement range needs to be large enough to take account of both small signals and large signals, and the influence of the installation and the arrangement of the wires on the measurement range, multiple paths are adopted, 4 paths are completely sufficient in practical use, but the situation that the number of the paths is lower than 4 paths is not feasible.
Example 5
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, and fig. 3, the present embodiment is a further improvement on embodiment 3, and specifically includes the following steps:
the electric field signal conditioning and processing circuit 140 includes: two voltage followers b141, an adder 142, a low-pass filter circuit b143, a high-pass filter circuit b144, two amplifiers b145, and an analog-to-digital converter b 146;
the two voltage followers b141 are respectively connected with two voltage signal outputs of the electric field sensor 130;
the inputs of the adder 142 are connected to the outputs of the two voltage followers b141, respectively; a low-pass filter circuit b143 is connected to the output of the adder 142, a high-pass filter circuit b144 is connected to the output of the adder 142,
that is, the output signal of the adder 142 is respectively transmitted to the low-pass filter circuit b143 and the high-pass filter circuit b 144;
one of the two amplifiers b145 is connected to the output of the low-pass filter circuit b143, and the other is connected to the output of the high-pass filter circuit b 144;
each output of each amplifier b145 is connected with an analog-to-digital converter b 146;
normally, the amplifier b145 is preferably a 4-way amplifier, in which case the number of the analog-to-digital converters b146 is eight, and the 4-way amplifiers connected to the low-pass filter circuit b143 have respective 4-way amplification factors of n1,a2n1,a2n1,a2n1Wherein n is12 to 10, a is 8 to 16;
for the 4-way amplifier connected with the high-pass filter circuit b144, the 4-way amplification factors are n2,bn2,b2n2,b3n2Wherein n is22 to 10, b is 10 to 20.
Of course, other amplifiers than 4-way amplifiers are not excluded,
the reason why the 4-way route is preferable in the present invention is that:
since the non-contact measurement is affected by the arrangement of the wires and the installation position of the equipment, the measurement range needs to be large enough to take account of both small signals and large signals, and the influence of the installation and the arrangement of the wires on the measurement range, multiple paths are adopted, 4 paths are completely sufficient in practical use, but the situation that the number of the paths is lower than 4 paths is not feasible.
Example 6
As shown in fig. 4, 5, and 6, this embodiment is a further improvement on any one of embodiments 2 to 5, and specifically includes the following steps:
the magnetic field sensor 110 includes: a cylindrical rod blank body 111, an enameled wire 112, a non-inductive resistor R113 and an outer shell 114;
the cylindrical rod blanks 111 are arranged in parallel, and the material of the cylindrical rod blanks 111 is preferably high-permeability nanocrystalline;
the enameled wires 112 are wound on each cylindrical rod blank 111, the enameled wires 112 on all the cylindrical rod blanks 111 are one whole, after the winding on the first cylindrical rod blank 111 is finished, the enameled wires are wound on the second cylindrical rod blank 111, and the like is performed until all the cylindrical rod blanks 111 are wound, and the number of turns of the winding on each cylindrical rod blank 111 is the same;
when the coil direction needs to be paid attention to when the coil is wound on the cylindrical rod blank 111, when the positive electrode of the enameled wire 112 is injected with current, the magnetic field direction in the cylindrical rod blank 111 is judged through the right-hand screw rule, the magnetic field directions in all the cylindrical rod blanks 111 need to be kept consistent, namely, after the current is introduced, all the cylindrical rod blanks 111 generate magnetic fields in the same direction;
all the cylindrical rod blanks 111 are wound with the enameled wires 112 and then placed in the shell 114, the shell 114 is made of aluminum alloy, the shell 114 is a hollow cuboid, and the cross section of the shell is square;
a non-inductive resistor R113 is connected between the positive and negative electrodes of the enameled wire 112, and the voltage U is applied to the non-inductive resistor R1130Namely the output of the magnetic field sensor, and for the power transmission line, the value of R is generally 5-50 omega.
In general, the more the number of the cylindrical rod blanks 111 is, the more the number of turns of the enameled wire 112 corresponds to, and the more flexibly the appropriate number of turns, integral resistance and other parameters can be selected to determine the optimal output, but in this embodiment, preferably 4, the length and diameter of 4 cylindrical rod blanks 111 are the same, the 4 cylindrical rod blanks 111 are arranged in parallel, the distance between any two adjacent cylindrical rod blanks 111 is the same, and the center of circle of the bottom surface of the 4 cylindrical rod blanks 111 is connected to be a square;
of course, the number of the cylindrical rod blanks 111 may be 1, and if the number of the cylindrical rod blanks is 1, the length of the cylindrical rod blanks needs to be set to be very long, which is disadvantageous to the miniaturization design of the equipment structure.
Example 7
As shown in fig. 7, this embodiment is a further improvement performed on the basis of any one of embodiments 2 to 6, and specifically includes the following steps:
the electric field sensor 130 includes: a shell 131 and two metal plates 132;
the two metal plates 132 are vertically arranged, the vertical metal plate 132 of the two metal plates 132 is perpendicular to the ground and parallel to the three-phase lead, the horizontal metal plate 132 of the two metal plates 132 is parallel to the three-phase lead and the ground, and the two metal plates 132 are preferably rectangular;
two vertically arranged metal polar plates 132 are arranged on an upper cover and a lower cover which are made of metal materials and are grounded, but the side plates on two sides are made of ABS flame-retardant materials in the shell 131, local electric field shielding is formed inside the shell 131, the influence of fog or rainwater on the sensor can be prevented, and the fact that three-phase electric fields on the lead can enter the shell 131 from two sides can be ensured, and suspension electric potentials are formed on the two metal polar plates 132, wherein the suspension electric potentials U are formed on the vertical metal polar plates 1321A floating potential U is formed on the horizontal metal plate 1322Wherein the floating potential U1And U2Is proportional to the voltage on the three phase conductors.
The electric field sensor 130 is arranged right below a three-phase lead of the power transmission line, the distance d between the electric field sensor 130 and the lead can be flexibly adjusted according to actual conditions, generally 5-20 m is recommended to be suitable, the non-contact fault monitoring terminal 1 is installed on a pole tower, an upper cover and a lower cover of the shell 131 are in equipotential connection with the pole tower, the potential of the pole tower is a reference 0 potential and is GND (ground) of the whole monitoring terminal, the electric field sensor 130 adopts the design, even if raining occurs, rainwater covers the surface of the shell 131 and even short-circuits the surface of the shell 131, and the potential of the shell 131 is always 0, so that the distribution of an internal electric field is kept stable;
if the shell 131 is not added, the rainwater is directly sprayed on the metal pole plate 132, so that bridging is formed on the surface of the metal pole plate 132, the partial pressure ratio is seriously influenced, and the measurement is invalid;
the purpose of using two metal plates 132 is: one induced electric field horizontal component, one induced vertical component, the two components are superimposed and then summed to increase the output, i.e. increase the sensitivity. Example 8
A distributed fault positioning method for a power transmission line based on non-contact detection comprises the following steps:
s100, collecting a power frequency magnetic field signal, a space electric field signal, a traveling wave magnetic field signal and a traveling wave electric field signal which are generated in the surrounding space by a fault signal on a three-phase lead in real time when the fault occurs;
s200, respectively optimizing the power frequency magnetic field signal and the space electric field signal to respectively obtain a power frequency magnetic field target signal array and a space electric field target signal array;
s300, respectively reconstructing the power frequency magnetic field target signal array and the space electric field target signal array to respectively obtain a power frequency magnetic field fundamental wave signal and a space electric field fundamental wave signal;
s400, judging whether the line has a fault according to the power frequency magnetic field fundamental wave signal and the space electric field fundamental wave signal, if so, further positioning a fault point through the traveling wave magnetic field signal and the traveling wave electric field signal, and if not, determining that the line has no fault.
Example 9
This example is a further improvement on the basis of example 8, and specifically includes the following:
the preferable effective signal optimization of the power frequency magnetic field signal is as follows:
acquiring a plurality of paths of power frequency magnetic field signals uploaded when the faults of the acquisition channels of the non-contact fault monitoring terminal 1 are triggered, judging whether the magnetic field signal uploaded in the last path is saturated or not, and recording the saturation as ADnSuppose ADnThe corresponding waveform array is Y [ N ]]Extracting the data length N of one period from the first data point0And calculating an effective value:
in the same manner, taking N from the second point and the third point … … back in sequence0Length ofCalculating effective value to obtain E (2), E (3) and E (4) … … in turn, and when a certain point is less than N0When the calculation is finished, stopping the calculation;
sequentially judging E (1), E (2), E (3) … … and
wherein E' is ADnThe absolute value of the channel range amplitude, wherein epsilon% is a deviation coefficient;
when any
When the signal is saturated, the signal is considered to be saturated, otherwise, when all E (1), E (2) and E (3) … … are less than or equal to
When, ADnThe path signal is not saturated;
if ADnSaturation, then ADnIf the way signal is invalid, then AD is takenn-1The signal is judged to be saturated, if the signal is still saturated, AD is further judged forwardn-2Until finding the first unsaturated signal, taking the signal as a target signal, and waiting for entering the next calculation;
and repeating the process to obtain a power frequency magnetic field target signal array.
Typically, the power frequency period is 20 ms.
Example 10
This example is a further improvement on the basis of example 9, and specifically includes the following:
the reconstruction of the power frequency magnetic field target signal array specifically comprises the following steps:
the following complex numbers are calculated in sequence:
……
e is the natural logarithm, j is the complex unit, with j2＝-1；
When the starting point of the formula is less than N0When the calculation is finished, stopping the calculation;
the calculated phase angles corresponding to the plurality are < Z (1), < Z (2), … … and < Z (n) in sequence;
the reconstructed power frequency magnetic field fundamental wave signal is Y0Then, there are:
Y0(1)＝E(1)×cos∠Z(1)
Y0(2)＝E(2)×cos∠Z(2)
……
Y0(n)＝E(n)×cos∠Z(n)。
example 11
This embodiment is a further improvement on the basis of embodiment 10, and is specifically as follows:
and (3) fault judgment:
the maximum value in the power frequency magnetic field target signal arrays E (1), E (2), E (3) … … E (n) is marked as EmaxMinimum value is denoted as Emin；
And E (1), E (2), E (3) … … E (n) are traversed in sequence to find the value E which satisfies the following formula:
finding two values of E satisfying the above formula for the first time, assuming E (m) and E (n), wherein the corresponding time of the elements Y (m) and Y (n) in the corresponding power frequency magnetic field fundamental wave signal Y is t (m) and t (n) respectivelyn，tm；
If the following conditions are met: | tm-tn|∈[20,100]
And judging that the line has a fault, otherwise, if all the power frequency magnetic field fundamental wave signals do not meet the formula, determining that the line has no fault.
Example 12
This example is a further improvement on the basis of example 11, and specifically includes the following steps:
accurate positioning of fault point
And when the line is judged to have a fault, carrying out pairwise double-end traveling wave positioning calculation on the traveling wave which is judged to be related to the fault and is matched with the traveling wave in time of the traveling wave magnetic field signal and the traveling wave electric field signal to obtain the accurate position of the fault point.
In embodiments 8 to 12, the method for optimizing the spatial electric field signal is the same as the method for optimizing the power frequency magnetic field signal, and therefore, detailed description thereof is omitted.
The traveling wave magnetic field signal and the traveling wave electric field signal are not optimized, namely, low frequency is optimized, and high frequency is not optimized;
the method for reconstructing the space electric field target signal array is the same as the method for reconstructing the power frequency magnetic field target signal array, and therefore, detailed description is omitted here.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a transmission line distributed fault positioning device based on non-contact detects which characterized in that includes:
the non-contact fault monitoring terminal (1) is arranged on a tower below the three-phase wire so as to obtain a power frequency magnetic field signal, a space electric field signal, a traveling wave magnetic field signal and a traveling wave electric field signal which are generated by the three-phase wire in the surrounding space during fault in real time;
and the data center (2) is in wireless connection with the non-contact fault monitoring terminal (1) to acquire the power frequency magnetic field signal, the space electric field signal, the traveling wave magnetic field signal and the traveling wave electric field signal which are acquired by the non-contact fault monitoring terminal (1), perform effective signal optimization and reconstruction on the power frequency magnetic field signal and the space electric field signal to acquire the power frequency magnetic field fundamental wave signal and the space electric field fundamental wave signal, judge whether the line has a fault or not according to the signals, further locate a fault point through the traveling wave magnetic field signal and the traveling wave electric field signal if the line has the fault, and if the line has the fault, enable the line to have no fault.
2. The distributed fault location device for power transmission lines based on non-contact detection according to claim 1, wherein the non-contact fault monitoring terminal (1) comprises:
a magnetic field sensor (110) having two voltage signal outputs;
the magnetic field signal conditioning and processing circuit (120) is connected with the two paths of output voltage signals of the magnetic field sensor (110), and sequentially performs voltage following processing, low-pass filtering, multi-path amplification and analog-to-digital conversion on one path of output signals to obtain at least 4 paths of work frequency magnetic field signals; and sequentially carrying out voltage following processing, high-pass filtering, multi-path amplification and analog-to-digital conversion on the other path of output voltage signal to obtain at least 4 paths of traveling wave magnetic field signals;
an electric field sensor (130) having two voltage signal outputs;
the electric field signal conditioning and processing circuit (140) is connected with the two paths of output voltage signals of the electric field sensor (130), the two paths of voltage signals are respectively subjected to voltage following processing, then the voltage following processing is carried out on the two paths of voltage signals, the two paths of voltage signals are combined into one, and the combined two-in-one signal is sequentially subjected to low-pass filtering, multi-path amplification and analog-to-digital conversion to obtain at least 4 paths of space electric field signals; meanwhile, the signals combined into one are sequentially subjected to high-pass filtering, multi-path amplification and analog-to-digital conversion to obtain at least 4 paths of traveling wave electric field signals;
the central processing unit (150) is connected with the outputs of the magnetic field signal conditioning and processing circuit (120) and the electric field signal conditioning and processing circuit (140), and is used for judging the trigger conditions of the signals uploaded by the magnetic field signal conditioning and processing circuit (120) and the electric field signal conditioning and processing circuit (140);
if any one of the power frequency magnetic field signals meets the triggering condition, extracting multiple paths of signals with preset time length simultaneously and caching the multiple paths of signals in a cache;
if any one of the traveling wave magnetic field signals meets the triggering condition, synchronously caching the multiple paths of signals in a cache;
if any one of the spatial electric field signals meets the triggering condition, extracting multiple paths of signals with preset time length simultaneously and caching the multiple paths of signals in a cache;
if any one of the traveling wave electric field signals meets the triggering condition, synchronously caching the multiple paths of signals into a cache;
the GPS/Beidou clock (170) is used for timing signals in the cache;
and the data transmission module (160) is connected with the output of the central processing unit (150), establishes communication connection with the data center (2), and uploads the time-service signal to the data center (2).
3. The power transmission line distributed fault positioning device based on non-contact detection according to claim 2, characterized in that: the magnetic field signal conditioning and processing circuit (120) comprises:
the two voltage followers a (121) are respectively connected with the two voltage signal outputs of the magnetic field sensor (110);
a low-pass filter circuit a (122) connected to an output of one of the voltage followers a (121);
a high-pass filter circuit a (123) connected to the output of the other voltage follower a (121);
two at least 4-way amplifiers a (124), one of which is connected to the output of the low-pass filter circuit a (122) and the other of which is connected to the output of the high-pass filter circuit a (123);
and each output of the analog-to-digital converters a (125) and each amplifier a (124) is connected with one analog-to-digital converter a (125).
4. The power transmission line distributed fault positioning device based on non-contact detection according to claim 2, characterized in that: the electric field signal conditioning and processing circuit (140) comprises:
the two voltage followers b (141) are respectively connected with the two voltage signal outputs of the electric field sensor (130);
an adder (142) having inputs connected to outputs of the two voltage followers b (141), respectively;
a low-pass filter circuit b (143) connected to an output of the adder (142);
a high-pass filter circuit b (144) connected to the output of the adder (142);
two at least 4-way amplifiers b (145), one of which is connected to the output of the low-pass filter circuit b (143) and the other of which is connected to the output of the high-pass filter circuit b (144);
and each output of each amplifier b (145) is connected with one analog-to-digital converter b (146).
5. The distributed fault location device of power transmission line based on non-contact detection according to claim 2, wherein the magnetic field sensor (110) comprises:
a plurality of cylindrical rod blanks (111) made of high-permeability nanocrystalline;
the enameled wires (112) are wound on the plurality of cylindrical rod blanks (111), and enable the cylindrical rod blanks (111) to generate magnetic fields in the same direction after current is led in, and the number of turns wound on each cylindrical rod blank (111) is the same;
and two terminals of the non-inductive resistor R (113) are respectively connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the enameled wire (112).
6. The distributed fault location device for electric transmission lines based on non-contact detection according to claim 2, wherein the electric field sensor (130) comprises:
the upper cover and the lower cover of the shell (131) are made of metal materials and are grounded, and the side plates on the two sides of the shell are made of flame retardant materials;
the two metal pole plates (132) are vertically arranged in the shell (131), the vertical metal pole plates (132) are vertical to the ground and are parallel to the three-phase lead, and the horizontal metal pole plates (132) are parallel to the three-phase lead and the ground;
the three-phase electric field on the wire forms a suspension potential U on the vertical metal polar plate (132)1And the three-phase electric field on the wire forms a suspension potential U on the horizontal metal plate (132)2(ii) a Suspension potential U1And U2Is proportional to the voltage on the three phase conductors.
7. A distributed fault positioning method for a power transmission line based on non-contact detection is characterized in that the device according to any one of claims 1-6 is adopted, and the method comprises the following steps:
s100, collecting a power frequency magnetic field signal, a space electric field signal, a traveling wave magnetic field signal and a traveling wave electric field signal which are generated by a three-phase lead in a surrounding space during fault in real time;
s200, respectively optimizing the power frequency magnetic field signal and the space electric field signal to respectively obtain a power frequency magnetic field target signal array and a space electric field target signal array;
s300, respectively reconstructing the power frequency magnetic field target signal array and the space electric field target signal array to respectively obtain a power frequency magnetic field fundamental wave signal and a space electric field fundamental wave signal;
s400, judging whether the line has a fault according to the power frequency magnetic field fundamental wave signal and the space electric field fundamental wave signal, if so, further positioning a fault point through the traveling wave magnetic field signal and the traveling wave electric field signal, and if not, determining that the line has no fault.
8. The power transmission line distributed fault positioning method based on non-contact detection according to claim 7, characterized in that:
the preferable effective signal optimization of the power frequency magnetic field signal is as follows:
acquiring a plurality of paths of power frequency magnetic field signals uploaded when faults of each acquisition channel of the non-contact fault monitoring terminal (1) are triggered, judging whether the last path of power frequency magnetic field signals is saturated or not, and recording as ADnSuppose ADnThe corresponding waveform array is Y [ N ]]Extracting the data length N of one period from the first data point0And is computationally efficientThe value:
in the same manner, taking N from the second point and the third point … … back in sequence0Calculating effective value of length to obtain E (2), E (3) and E (4) … … in turn, and when a certain point is less than N0When the calculation is finished, stopping the calculation;
sequentially judging E (1), E (2), E (3) … … and
wherein E' is ADnThe absolute value of the channel range amplitude, wherein epsilon% is a deviation coefficient;
when any
When the signal is saturated, the signal is considered to be saturated, otherwise, when all E (1), E (2) and E (3) … … are less than or equal to
When, ADnThe path signal is not saturated;
if ADnSaturation, then ADnIf the way signal is invalid, then AD is takenn-1The signal is judged to be saturated, if the signal is still saturated, AD is further judged forwardn-2Until finding the first unsaturated signal, taking the signal as a target signal, and waiting for entering the next calculation;
and repeating the process to obtain a power frequency magnetic field target signal array.
9. The power transmission line distributed fault positioning method based on non-contact detection according to claim 8, characterized in that:
the reconstruction of the power frequency magnetic field target signal array specifically comprises the following steps:
the following complex numbers are calculated in sequence:
e is the natural logarithm, j is the complex unit, with j2＝-1；
When the starting point of the formula is less than N0When the calculation is finished, stopping the calculation;
the calculated phase angles corresponding to the plurality are < Z (1), < Z (2), … … and < Z (n) in sequence;
the reconstructed power frequency magnetic field fundamental wave signal is Y0Then, there are:
Y0(1)＝E(1)×cos∠Z(1)
Y0(2)＝E(2)×cos∠Z(2)
……
Y0(n)＝E(n)×cos∠Z(n)。
10. the power transmission line distributed fault positioning method based on non-contact detection according to claim 9, characterized in that:
and (3) fault judgment:
the maximum value in the power frequency magnetic field target signal arrays E (1), E (2), E (3) … … E (n) is marked as EmaxMinimum value is denoted as Emin；
And E (1), E (2), E (3) … … E (n) are traversed in sequence to find the value E which satisfies the following formula:
finding two values of E satisfying the above formula for the first time, assuming E (m) and E (n), and the corresponding time of the elements Y (m) and Y (n) in the corresponding magnetic field fundamental wave signal Y is tn，tm；
If the following conditions are met: | tm-tn|∈[20,100]
And judging that the line has a fault, otherwise, if all the power frequency magnetic field fundamental wave signals do not meet the formula, determining that the line has no fault.
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