CN113866355A - Water-rock action and nuclide migration simulation experiment method in multiple barriers of disposal reservoir - Google Patents
Water-rock action and nuclide migration simulation experiment method in multiple barriers of disposal reservoir Download PDFInfo
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- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 129
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simulation experiment method for water-rock action and nuclide migration in multiple barriers of a disposal depot, and on the one hand, the invention provides a simulation experiment device for water-rock action and nuclide migration in multiple barriers of the disposal depot, which comprises a simulation unit for water-rock action of underground water and granite medium, a simulation unit for water-rock action of underground water and bentonite medium, and a simulation unit for water-rock action of underground water and concrete medium; on the other hand, the invention establishes the simulation experiment simulation method for the water-rock action and the nuclide migration in the disposal reservoir multi-barrier by relying on the autonomously designed simulation experiment device for the water-rock action and the nuclide migration in the disposal reservoir multi-barrier, can realize the simulation of the continuous water-rock action experiment of the underground water and various barrier media and the dynamic monitoring of the chemical composition change of the underground water, and can realize the simulation of the dynamic migration experiment of the nuclide in the multi-barrier media under the action of the underground water carrier band, thereby providing a powerful means for evaluating the long-term evaluation of the disposal reservoir multi-barrier structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of radioactive waste disposal safety evaluation research, in particular to a simulation experiment method for water-rock action and nuclide migration in multiple barriers of a disposal reservoir.
Background
The nuclear industry activity generates a large amount of radioactive wastes, and the radioactive wastes are classified into high-level radioactive wastes, medium-low radioactive wastes, extremely low radioactive wastes and the like according to the classification method of the international atomic energy agency, wherein the disposal of the high-level radioactive wastes is always an important research content of international social attention. It is widely accepted internationally that deep geological disposal of high level waste is the most feasible disposal method using a multiple barrier structure comprising a complete natural granite barrier, an artificial barrier formed by bentonite and a cement solidified body, and the migration of water flow and nuclides is retarded by the synergistic effect of the barrier layers mainly by virtue of the low permeability and strong mechanical property of the granite medium, the low permeability and strong adsorption of the bentonite barrier layer, and the alkaline precipitation reaction and hardening and wrapping process of cement.
According to the requirements of the international atomic energy structure, the safety period of the high-level waste disposal is in the ten thousand year time scale. However, within this time limit, due to geological effects, a complete natural barrier of granite may develop a distribution of fractures, through which groundwater may pass into artificial barrier structures such as bentonite. Generally, the groundwater in the radioactive waste disposal area contains high-concentration salt ions, and after the groundwater enters a granite-bentonite-concrete barrier layer in sequence, the salt ions can exchange with mineral ions in granite, bentonite and concrete for multiple times and have water-rock effects, so that the mineral composition and even the structure of the barrier layer are changed, and the permeation retardation performance of the barrier layer and the release behavior of the core in a cement solidified body are influenced; meanwhile, due to the change of chemical components of underground water, the outward migration behavior of nuclides from concrete, bentonite and granite sequentially can be obviously influenced. Therefore, in order to evaluate the long-term safety of the multiple barrier structure of the high level waste disposal depot, experimental studies on the water-rock action of underground water after entering granite, bentonite and concrete and the migration behavior of radioactive nuclides in the multiple barrier under the conditions must be conducted.
At present, static experiments are mainly used in the research field, and the main research method is as follows: the method is difficult to truly reflect the water-rock action process of underground water and barrier materials and the dynamic migration behavior and rule of nuclide under the action of dynamic water flow. A small amount of dynamic experimental research only focuses on the migration behavior of water flow or nuclides in a single barrier medium, simplifies multiple reactions between underground water and the barrier layer, ignores the influence of water-rock action on the migration behavior and mechanism of the nuclides, cannot dynamically monitor the changes of the chemical property of underground water and the adsorption migration behavior of the nuclides in each process in real time, and is difficult to provide reliable and effective basic data for the safety evaluation of a disposal library.
In order to solve the problems, the invention is based on the realistic scene of the multi-barrier structure of the disposal reservoir, namely the continuous cyclic migration process of underground water flowing through granite-bentonite layer-concrete layer in sequence and the migration process of nuclides under water body carrier belt flowing through concrete layer-bentonite layer-granite barrier layer in sequence, innovatively designs an experimental device and a flow for simulating water-rock action and nuclide dynamic migration in the multi-barrier structure, and provides important technical support for obtaining water-rock action and nuclide migration rules in the realistic scene.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a water-rock action and nuclide migration simulation experiment method in a multiple barrier of a disposal repository, so as to realize the experiment simulation and real-time monitoring of the continuous water-rock action process of underground water and multiple barrier media, simultaneously realize the continuous dynamic migration experiment simulation of nuclides carried by a water body in the multiple barrier, and provide a technical means for evaluating the long-term safety of the multiple barrier structure of the disposal repository.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
on one hand, the invention provides a simulation experiment device for water-rock action and nuclide migration in a multiple barrier of a disposal depot, which comprises a groundwater and granite medium water-rock action simulation unit, a groundwater and bentonite medium water-rock action simulation unit, a groundwater and concrete medium water-rock action simulation unit, a dynamic migration simulation unit of nuclide in a concrete medium, a dynamic migration simulation unit of nuclide in a bentonite medium, a dynamic migration simulation unit of nuclide in a granite medium, a luer connector and an injector, wherein the groundwater and granite medium water-rock action simulation unit is communicated with the groundwater and bentonite medium water-rock action simulation unit, the groundwater and bentonite medium water-rock action simulation unit is communicated with the groundwater and concrete medium water-rock action simulation unit, the groundwater and concrete medium water-rock action simulation unit is communicated with the dynamic migration simulation unit of nuclide in a concrete medium through the luer connector, the dynamic migration simulation unit of the nuclide in the concrete medium is communicated with the dynamic migration simulation unit of the nuclide in the bentonite medium, and the dynamic migration simulation unit of the nuclide in the bentonite medium is communicated with the dynamic migration simulation unit of the nuclide in the granite medium;
the injector is used for containing the radionuclide and quantitatively injecting the radionuclide into the dynamic migration simulation unit of the radionuclide in the concrete medium, the dynamic migration simulation unit of the radionuclide in the bentonite medium and the dynamic migration simulation unit of the radionuclide in the granite medium through the luer connector;
the underground water and granite medium water-rock interaction simulation unit, the underground water and bentonite medium water-rock interaction simulation unit and the underground water and concrete medium water-rock interaction simulation unit are used for simulating water-rock interaction between underground water solution and different media and detecting chemical composition change of the water solution in real time;
the dynamic migration simulation unit of the nuclide in the concrete medium, the dynamic migration simulation unit of the nuclide in the bentonite medium and the dynamic migration simulation unit of the nuclide in the granite medium are used for simulating dynamic migration processes of groundwater solution carrying the radionuclide in different media respectively after water-rock interaction.
As a further scheme of the invention: the underground water and granite medium water-rock action simulation unit comprises an underground water tank, a first water sample collecting and measuring bottle, a water and granite action chamber, wherein the underground water tank is communicated with the top of the first water sample collecting and measuring bottle, a first sampling pipe and a first return pipe are arranged at the top of the first water sample collecting and measuring bottle in a penetrating manner, the water and granite action chamber comprises a first sealing container, two first nylon nets and two first porous permeable plates are symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the first sealing container, the two first nylon nets are positioned on the inner sides of the two first porous permeable plates, a first sample chamber is formed between the two first nylon nets, a first liquid outlet pipe is arranged at the top of the first sealing container in a penetrating manner, a first liquid inlet pipe and a first gas outlet pipe are arranged at the bottom of the first sealing container in a penetrating manner, the first liquid inlet pipe is communicated with the bottom of the outer wall of the first water sample collecting and measuring bottle, the first liquid outlet pipe is communicated with the first backflow pipe.
As a further scheme of the invention: the groundwater and bentonite medium water rock action simulation unit comprises a second water sample collecting and measuring bottle, a water and bentonite action chamber, a second water inlet pipe, a second sampling pipe and a second return pipe are arranged at the top of the second water sample collecting and measuring bottle in a penetrating manner, the water and bentonite action chamber comprises a second sealed container, two second nylon nets and two second porous permeable plates are symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the second sealed container, the two second nylon nets are positioned on the inner sides of the two second porous permeable plates, a second sample chamber is formed between the two second nylon nets, a liquid outlet funnel is arranged above the second sample chamber in the second sealed container, an upper liquid collecting chamber is formed above the liquid outlet funnel in the second sealed container, the liquid outlet funnel is attached to the corresponding second porous permeable plates, a second liquid outlet pipe and a third liquid outlet pipe are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the liquid outlet funnel in the outer wall of the second sealed container in a penetrating manner, the top of the second sealed container is provided with a first pressure gauge and a second exhaust pipe in a penetrating manner, the bottom of the second sealed container is provided with a second liquid inlet pipe and a second exhaust pipe in a penetrating manner, the second liquid outlet pipe is communicated with a second return pipe, and the second liquid inlet pipe is communicated with the bottom of the outer wall of the second water sample collecting and measuring bottle.
As a further scheme of the invention: groundwater and concrete medium water rock effect analog unit include that the third water sample collects measuring flask, water and concrete effect room, the third water sample is collected measuring flask and is collected the structure of measuring flask with the second water sample and is the same, water and concrete effect room are the same with the structure of water and bentonite effect room, the second inlet tube of measuring flask is collected to the third water sample and the third drain pipe intercommunication of water and bentonite effect room, the second drain pipe of water and concrete effect room and the second back flow intercommunication of third water sample collection measuring flask, the outer wall bottom intercommunication of measuring flask is collected with the third water sample to the second feed liquor pipe of water and concrete effect room, the third drain pipe and the luer of water and concrete effect room connect the intercommunication.
As a further scheme of the invention: the dynamic migration simulation unit of the nuclide in the concrete medium comprises a nuclide dynamic migration chamber in the concrete, a first liquid discharge pipe and a first automatic part collector, the internal structure of the nuclide dynamic migration chamber in the concrete is the same as that of a water and bentonite action chamber, the outer wall of a second sealed container in the nuclide dynamic migration chamber in the concrete is provided with a fourth liquid discharge pipe in a penetrating manner, the fourth liquid discharge pipe is positioned on one side of a corresponding liquid outlet funnel, the top of the second sealed container in the nuclide dynamic migration chamber in the concrete is provided with a third air suction pipe and a second pressure gauge in a penetrating manner, the bottom of the second sealed container in the nuclide dynamic migration chamber in the concrete is provided with a third air discharge pipe and a third liquid inlet pipe in a penetrating manner, the third liquid inlet pipe is communicated with a luer connector, and the water inlet end of the first liquid discharge pipe is communicated with the fourth liquid discharge pipe of the nuclide dynamic migration chamber in the concrete, the water outlet end of the first liquid discharge pipe is communicated with the first automatic part collector.
As a further scheme of the invention: the dynamic migration simulation unit of the nuclide in the bentonite medium comprises a nuclide dynamic migration chamber in the bentonite, a second liquid discharge pipe and a second automatic partial collector, the structure of the nuclide dynamic migration chamber in the bentonite is the same as that of the nuclide dynamic migration chamber in the concrete, a third liquid inlet pipe of the nuclide dynamic migration chamber in the bentonite is communicated with the nuclide dynamic migration simulation unit of the nuclide dynamic migration chamber in the concrete in the bentonite medium, the water inlet end of the second liquid discharge pipe is communicated with a fourth liquid discharge pipe of the nuclide dynamic migration chamber in the bentonite, and the water outlet end of the second liquid discharge pipe is communicated with the second automatic partial collector.
As a further scheme of the invention: the dynamic migration simulation unit of the nuclide in the granite medium comprises a nuclide dynamic migration chamber in the granite and a third automatic partial collector, the structure of the nuclide dynamic migration chamber in the granite is the same as that of a water and granite action chamber, a first liquid inlet pipe of the nuclide dynamic migration chamber in the granite is communicated with a fourth liquid outlet pipe of the nuclide dynamic migration chamber in bentonite, and a first liquid outlet pipe of the nuclide dynamic migration chamber in the granite is communicated with the third automatic partial collector.
As a further scheme of the invention: still include a plurality of plug valve, peristaltic pump, flow control needle valve, a plurality of plug valve, peristaltic pump, flow control needle valve are installed in groundwater and granite medium water rock effect analog unit, groundwater and bentonite medium water rock effect analog unit, groundwater and concrete medium water rock effect analog unit, the dynamic migration analog unit of nuclide in the concrete medium, the dynamic migration analog unit of nuclide in the bentonite medium, the corresponding pipeline in the dynamic migration analog unit of nuclide in the granite medium to be arranged in controlling the velocity of flow, flow and the break-make of fluid in each pipeline.
On the other hand, the invention provides a water-rock action and nuclide migration simulation experiment method in a multiple barrier of a disposal repository, which is used for the water-rock action and nuclide migration simulation experiment device in the multiple barrier of the disposal repository, and comprises the following steps:
s1: simulating the water-rock interaction between underground water and a granite medium, and periodically sampling and detecting the aqueous solution: the method comprises the following steps that under the action of a corresponding peristaltic pump, underground water is guided into a water and granite action chamber through an underground water tank, a first water sample collecting and measuring bottle and a first liquid inlet pipe of the water and granite action chamber in sequence, and then guided out through a first liquid outlet pipe of the water and granite action chamber, part of effluent liquid flows back into the first water sample collecting and measuring bottle through a first return pipe under the action of a corresponding flow adjusting needle valve and the peristaltic pump to be mixed with original underground water in an underground water and granite medium water-rock action simulation unit to complete first flow circulation, the underground water in the first water sample collecting and measuring bottle can be sampled and detected regularly through a first sampling pipe, and information of the change rule of chemical components of water after the water and granite action is obtained; the other part of effluent enters the underground water and bentonite medium water rock action simulation unit through a second water inlet pipe on a second water sample collecting and measuring bottle under the action of a corresponding flow regulating needle valve and a peristaltic pump;
s2: simulating the water-rock interaction between underground water and a bentonite medium, and periodically sampling and detecting the aqueous solution: after groundwater enters a second water sample collecting and measuring bottle through a second water inlet pipe on the second water sample collecting and measuring bottle, the groundwater in the second water sample collecting and measuring bottle is pumped into a water and bentonite reaction chamber under the action of a corresponding peristaltic pump and is discharged through a second liquid outlet pipe and a third liquid outlet pipe of the water and bentonite reaction chamber, the groundwater discharged from the second liquid outlet pipe flows back into the second water sample collecting and measuring bottle under the action of a corresponding flow regulating needle valve and the peristaltic pump to be mixed with the original groundwater in the second water sample collecting and measuring bottle to complete a first flow circulation, the groundwater in the second water sample collecting and measuring bottle can be periodically sampled and detected through a second sampling pipe on the second water sample collecting and measuring bottle, the information of the change rule of the water chemical composition after the action of water and bentonite is obtained, and the information of the change rule of the water chemical composition obtained by the interaction of the groundwater and a granite medium water action simulation unit is compared with the information of the change rule of the water chemical composition obtained by the interaction of the groundwater and the granite medium water, obtaining the rule of mutual influence between the water and rock actions of two media, and allowing the groundwater discharged from a third liquid outlet pipe on the bentonite action chamber and the water to enter a third water sample collecting and measuring bottle of the groundwater and concrete medium rock action simulation unit under the action of a corresponding flow regulating needle valve and a peristaltic pump;
s3: simulating the water-rock interaction between underground water and a concrete medium, and periodically sampling and detecting the aqueous solution: after groundwater enters a third water sample collecting and measuring bottle in the groundwater and concrete medium water rock action simulation unit, the groundwater in the third water sample collecting and measuring bottle is pumped into a water and concrete action chamber under the action of a corresponding peristaltic pump and is discharged by a second liquid outlet pipe and a third liquid outlet pipe of the water and concrete action chamber, the groundwater discharged by the second liquid outlet pipe flows back into the third water sample collecting and measuring bottle under the action of a corresponding flow regulating needle valve and the peristaltic pump to be mixed with the original groundwater in the third water sample collecting and measuring bottle to complete a first flow circulation, the groundwater in the third water sample collecting and measuring bottle can be periodically sampled and detected through a second sampling pipe on the third water sample collecting and measuring bottle to obtain the information of the change rule of the water chemical composition after the water acts on the bentonite, and the information of the change rule of the water chemical composition obtained by the groundwater and the bentonite medium water action simulation unit is compared at the same time, obtaining the rule of mutual influence between the water and rock actions of two media, and enabling underground water discharged by a third liquid outlet pipe on a concrete action chamber and water to enter a luer joint under the action of a corresponding flow regulating needle valve and a peristaltic pump;
s4: simulating the dynamic migration process of nuclides in a concrete medium under the action of underground water carrying and nuclide concentration sampling analysis: injecting a solution containing radioactive nuclides into a nuclide dynamic migration chamber of a dynamic migration simulation unit of the nuclide in a concrete medium through a luer connector by adopting a syringe with the capacity of 10mL, introducing underground water and underground water of a concrete medium water-rock action simulation unit into the nuclide dynamic migration chamber of the dynamic migration simulation unit of the nuclide in the concrete medium through adjusting the luer connector, starting the dynamic migration process of the nuclide in the concrete medium, pumping out effluent of the dynamic migration chamber through a corresponding peristaltic pump, enabling one part of the effluent to enter a first automatic part collector through a corresponding flow adjusting needle valve for timing sampling, and enabling the other part of the effluent to enter the nuclide dynamic migration chamber of the dynamic migration simulation unit of the nuclide in the bentonite medium through a corresponding flow adjusting needle valve;
s5: simulating the dynamic migration process of nuclides in a bentonite medium under the action of underground water carrier and the sampling analysis of the nuclide concentration: when the effluent containing the radionuclide enters a nuclide dynamic migration chamber in bentonite, starting the dynamic migration process of the nuclide in a bentonite medium, pumping out the effluent through a corresponding peristaltic pump, enabling one part of the effluent to enter a second automatic part collector through a corresponding flow regulating needle valve by a second liquid discharge pipe for timing sampling, and enabling the other part of the effluent to enter the nuclide dynamic migration chamber of a dynamic migration simulation unit of the nuclide in a granite medium by a corresponding flow regulating needle valve;
s6: simulating the dynamic migration process of nuclides in a granite medium under the action of underground water carrying and nuclide concentration sampling analysis: when the effluent containing the radioactive nuclide enters a nuclide dynamic migration chamber in the granite, the dynamic migration process of the nuclide in the granite medium is started, and then the effluent enters a third automatic partial collector for timing sampling.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention establishes the simulation experiment simulation method for the water-rock action and the nuclide migration in the disposal reservoir multi-barrier by depending on the autonomously designed simulation experiment device for the water-rock action and the nuclide migration in the disposal reservoir multi-barrier, can realize the simulation of the continuous water-rock action experiment of underground water and various barrier media and the dynamic monitoring of the chemical composition change of the underground water, and can realize the simulation of the dynamic migration experiment of the nuclide in the multi-barrier media under the action of the underground water carrier band, thereby providing a powerful means for evaluating the long-term evaluation of the disposal reservoir multi-barrier structure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a simulation experiment apparatus for water-rock interaction and nuclide migration in multiple barriers of a disposal repository.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a simulation unit for simulating the water-rock action of underground water and granite medium in a simulation experiment device for the water-rock action and nuclide migration in multiple barriers of a disposal repository.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a simulation unit for simulating the effects of water and rock and the migration of nuclides in a multiple barrier of a disposal reservoir.
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a simulation unit for simulating the effects of water and rock and the migration of nuclides in a multiple barrier of a disposal repository.
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a dynamic migration simulation unit of nuclides in a concrete medium in a simulation experiment device for water-rock interaction and nuclide migration in multiple barriers of a disposal reservoir.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a dynamic migration simulation unit of nuclides in a bentonite medium in a simulation experiment device for water-rock interaction and nuclide migration in multiple barriers of a disposal reservoir.
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a dynamic migration simulation unit of nuclides in granite medium in a simulation experiment device for water-rock interaction and nuclide migration in multiple barriers of a disposal repository.
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a water-rock action and nuclide migration simulation experiment apparatus for a water-rock action chamber and a granite action chamber in a multi-barrier disposal depot.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a water-rock action and nuclide migration simulation experiment device in a water-rock action and nuclide migration simulation chamber in a disposal reservoir.
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dynamic migration chamber of nuclides in concrete in a simulation experiment device for water-rock interaction and nuclide migration in multiple barriers of a disposal library.
Wherein, the simulation system comprises a groundwater and granite medium water rock action simulation unit 1, a groundwater and bentonite medium water rock action simulation unit 2, a groundwater and concrete medium water rock action simulation unit 3, a nuclide dynamic migration simulation unit 4 in a concrete medium, a nuclide dynamic migration simulation unit 5 in a bentonite medium, a nuclide dynamic migration simulation unit 6 in a granite medium, a luer 7, an injector 8, a groundwater tank 9, a first water sample collecting and measuring bottle 10, a first sampling pipe 11, a first reflux pipe 12, a water and granite action chamber 13, a second water sample collecting and measuring bottle 14, a second water inlet pipe 15, a second sampling pipe 16, a second reflux pipe 17, a water and bentonite action chamber 18, a third water sample collecting and measuring bottle 19, a water and concrete action chamber 20, a dynamic migration chamber 21 in concrete, a first drainage pipe 22, a water and a water quality control system, A first automatic part collector 23, a nuclide in bentonite dynamic migration chamber 24, a second liquid discharge pipe 25, a second automatic part collector 26, a nuclide in granite dynamic migration chamber 27, a third automatic part collector 28, a plug valve 29, a peristaltic pump 30, a flow control needle valve 31, a first sealed container 32, a first nylon net 33, a first porous water-permeable plate 34, a first sample chamber 35, a first liquid inlet pipe 36, a first exhaust pipe 37, a first liquid outlet pipe 38, a second sealed container 39, a second nylon net 40, a second porous water-permeable plate 41, a second sample chamber 42, a liquid outlet funnel 43, a second liquid outlet pipe 44, a third liquid outlet pipe 45, a first pressure gauge 46, a second air exhaust pipe 47, a second liquid inlet pipe 48, a second air exhaust pipe 49, a fourth liquid outlet pipe 50, a third air exhaust pipe 51, a second pressure gauge 52, a third liquid inlet pipe 53 and a third air exhaust pipe 54.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 10, in an embodiment of the present invention, on the one hand, the present invention provides a simulation experiment apparatus for water-rock action and nuclide migration in a multiple barrier of a disposal depot, including an underground water and granite medium water-rock action simulation unit 1, an underground water and bentonite medium water-rock action simulation unit 2, an underground water and concrete medium water-rock action simulation unit 3, a nuclide dynamic migration simulation unit 4 in a concrete medium, a nuclide dynamic migration simulation unit 5 in a bentonite medium, a nuclide dynamic migration simulation unit 6 in a granite medium, a luer connector 7, and an injector 8, where the underground water and granite medium water-rock action simulation unit 1 is communicated with the underground water and bentonite medium water-rock action simulation unit 2, the underground water and bentonite medium water-rock action simulation unit 2 is communicated with the underground water and concrete medium water-rock action simulation unit 3, the underground water and concrete medium water-rock action simulation unit 3 is communicated with a dynamic migration simulation unit 4 of nuclides in a concrete medium through a luer 7, the dynamic migration simulation unit 4 of the nuclides in the concrete medium is communicated with a dynamic migration simulation unit 5 of the nuclides in a bentonite medium, and the dynamic migration simulation unit 5 of the nuclides in the bentonite medium is communicated with a dynamic migration simulation unit 6 of the nuclides in a granite medium;
the injector 8 is used for containing the radionuclide and quantitatively injecting the radionuclide into the dynamic migration simulation unit 4 of the nuclide in the concrete medium, the dynamic migration simulation unit 5 of the nuclide in the bentonite medium and the dynamic migration simulation unit 6 of the nuclide in the granite medium through the luer 7;
the underground water and granite medium water-rock action simulation unit 1, the underground water and bentonite medium water-rock action simulation unit 2 and the underground water and concrete medium water-rock action simulation unit 3 are used for simulating water-rock interaction between underground aqueous solution and different media and detecting chemical composition change of the aqueous solution in real time;
the dynamic migration simulation unit 4 of the nuclide in the concrete medium, the dynamic migration simulation unit 5 of the nuclide in the bentonite medium, and the dynamic migration simulation unit 6 of the nuclide in the granite medium are used for simulating dynamic migration processes of groundwater solution carrying the radionuclide in different media respectively after water-rock interaction.
The groundwater and granite medium water rock action simulation unit 1 comprises a groundwater tank 9, a first water sample collecting and measuring bottle 10, a water and granite action chamber 13, the groundwater tank 9 is communicated with the top of the first water sample collecting and measuring bottle 10, the top of the first water sample collecting and measuring bottle 10 is provided with a first sampling pipe 11 and a first return pipe 12 in a penetrating manner, the water and granite action chamber 13 comprises a first sealed container 32, the inner wall of the first sealed container 32 is symmetrically provided with two first nylon nets 33 and two first porous permeable plates 34, the two first nylon nets 33 are positioned on the inner sides of the two first porous permeable plates 34, a first sample chamber 35 is formed between the two first nylon nets 33, the top of the first sealed container 32 is provided with a first liquid outlet pipe 38 in a penetrating manner, the bottom of the first sealed container 32 is provided with a first liquid inlet pipe 36 and a first gas outlet pipe 37 in a penetrating manner, first feed liquor pipe 36 and the outer wall bottom intercommunication of first water sample collection measuring flask 10, first drain pipe 38 and first return pipe 12 intercommunication consider the homogeneity that groundwater got into first sample room 35, and the aperture of first nylon net 33 and first porous permeable plate 34 is 300 meshes. In consideration of the timely discharge of air in the first sample chamber 35, when liquid enters the first sample chamber 35 from the first liquid inlet pipe 36, the corresponding plug valve 29 is opened to discharge air from the first air discharge pipe 37, and the plug valve 29 is closed after the first air discharge pipe 37 is filled with liquid.
The groundwater and bentonite medium water rock action simulation unit 2 comprises a second water sample collecting and measuring bottle 14, a water and bentonite action chamber 18, a second water inlet pipe 15, a second sampling pipe 16 and a second return pipe 17 are arranged at the top of the second water sample collecting and measuring bottle 14 in a penetrating manner, the water and bentonite action chamber 18 comprises a second sealed container 39, two second nylon nets 40 and two second porous permeable plates 41 are symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the second sealed container 39, the two second nylon nets 40 are positioned on the inner sides of the two second porous permeable plates 41, a second sample chamber 42 is formed between the two second nylon nets 40, a liquid outlet funnel 43 is arranged above the second sample chamber 42 in the second sealed container 39, an upper liquid collecting chamber is formed above the liquid outlet funnel 43 in the second sealed container 39, the liquid outlet funnel 43 is attached to the corresponding second porous permeable plate 41, the bilateral symmetry that the outer wall of second sealed container 39 is located play liquid funnel 43 runs through and is provided with second drain pipe 44 and third drain pipe 45, the top of second sealed container 39 runs through and is provided with first manometer 46 and second exhaust tube 47, the bottom of second sealed container 39 runs through and is provided with second feed liquor pipe 48 and second blast pipe 49, second drain pipe 44 and second back flow pipe 17 communicate, second feed liquor pipe 48 and the outer wall bottom intercommunication of second water sample collection measuring flask 14.
Considering that the permeability of the compacted bentonite and concrete is low, the second suction pipe 47 is externally connected with a vacuum pump, so that negative pressure is formed inside the upper liquid collection chamber, and water flow is facilitated to enter from the second liquid inlet pipe 48 and then rapidly pass through the second sample chamber 42. In order to avoid the mutual influence of the liquid outflow process and the air suction process in the upper liquid collecting chamber, the second liquid outlet pipe 44 of the tank and the first sample chamber 35 are arranged at the half height of the liquid outlet funnel 43 in the upper liquid collecting chamber. Meanwhile, the aperture of the second nylon net 40 and the aperture of the second porous water-permeable plate 41 are both 300 meshes in consideration of the uniformity of groundwater entering the sample chamber. In view of the timely evacuation of air from the sample chamber, when liquid enters the second sample chamber 42 from the second inlet pipe 48, the corresponding stop valve 29 is opened to evacuate air from the second outlet pipe 49, and the stop valve 29 is closed after the second outlet pipe 49 is filled with liquid.
Groundwater and concrete medium water rock effect analog unit 3 include that third water sample collection measuring flask 19, water and concrete action room 20, third water sample collection measuring flask 19 is the same with the structure of second water sample collection measuring flask 14, water and concrete action room 20 is the same with the structure of water and bentonite action room 18, third water sample collection measuring flask 19's second inlet tube 15 and water and bentonite action room 18's third drain pipe 45 intercommunication, water and concrete action room 20's second drain pipe 44 and third water sample collection measuring flask 19's second back flow 17 intercommunication, water and concrete action room 20's second feed liquor pipe 48 and third water sample collection measuring flask 19's outer wall bottom intercommunication, water and concrete action room 20's third drain pipe 45 and luer 7 intercommunication.
The dynamic migration simulation unit 4 of the nuclide in the concrete medium comprises a nuclide in concrete dynamic migration chamber 21, a first liquid discharge pipe 22 and a first automatic part collector 23, the internal structure of the nuclide in concrete dynamic migration chamber 21 is the same as that of the water and bentonite action chamber 18, the outer wall of a second sealed container 39 in the nuclide in concrete dynamic migration chamber 21 is provided with a fourth liquid discharge pipe 50 in a penetrating manner, the fourth liquid discharge pipe 50 is positioned on one side of a corresponding liquid discharge funnel 43, the top of the second sealed container 39 in the nuclide in concrete dynamic migration chamber 21 is provided with a third air suction pipe 51 and a second pressure gauge 52 in a penetrating manner, the bottom of the second sealed container 39 in the nuclide in concrete dynamic migration chamber 21 is provided with a third liquid inlet pipe 53 and a third air discharge pipe 54 in a penetrating manner, the third liquid inlet pipe 53 is communicated with a luer connector 7, the water inlet end of the first drainage pipe 22 is communicated with a fourth liquid outlet pipe 50 of the nuclide dynamic migration chamber 21 in concrete, and the water outlet end of the first drainage pipe 22 is communicated with the first automatic part collector 23.
The dynamic migration simulation unit 5 of the nuclide in the bentonite medium comprises a nuclide in-bentonite dynamic migration chamber 24, a second liquid discharge pipe 25 and a second automatic partial collector 26, the structure of the nuclide in-bentonite dynamic migration chamber 24 is the same as that of the nuclide in-concrete dynamic migration chamber 21, a third liquid inlet pipe 53 of the nuclide in-bentonite dynamic migration chamber 24 is communicated with the dynamic migration simulation unit 5 of the nuclide in-concrete dynamic migration chamber 21 in the bentonite medium, a water inlet end of the second liquid discharge pipe 25 is communicated with a fourth liquid outlet pipe 50 of the nuclide in-bentonite dynamic migration chamber 24, and a water outlet end of the second liquid discharge pipe 25 is communicated with the second automatic partial collector 26.
The simulation unit 6 for the dynamic migration of the nuclide in granite medium comprises a nuclide dynamic migration chamber 27 in granite and a third automatic partial collector 28, the structure of the nuclide dynamic migration chamber 27 in granite is the same as that of the water and granite reaction chamber 13, a first liquid inlet pipe 36 of the nuclide dynamic migration chamber 27 in granite is communicated with a fourth liquid outlet pipe 50 of the nuclide dynamic migration chamber 24 in bentonite, and a first liquid outlet pipe 38 of the nuclide dynamic migration chamber 27 in granite is communicated with the third automatic partial collector 28.
Still include a plurality of plug valve 29, peristaltic pump 30, flow control needle valve 31, a plurality of plug valve 29, peristaltic pump 30, flow control needle valve 31 are installed in groundwater and granite medium water rock effect analog unit 1, groundwater and bentonite medium water rock effect analog unit 2, groundwater and concrete medium water rock effect analog unit 3, the dynamic migration analog unit 4 of nuclide in the concrete medium, the dynamic migration analog unit 5 of nuclide in the bentonite medium, the corresponding pipeline in the dynamic migration analog unit 6 of nuclide in the granite medium on for the velocity of flow, flow and the break-make of fluid in each pipeline of control.
On the other hand, the invention provides a water-rock action and nuclide migration simulation experiment method in a multiple barrier of a disposal repository, which is used for the water-rock action and nuclide migration simulation experiment device in the multiple barrier of the disposal repository, and comprises the following steps:
s1: simulating the water-rock interaction between underground water and a granite medium, and periodically sampling and detecting the aqueous solution: the groundwater is guided into the water and granite action chamber 13 through the groundwater tank 9, the first water sample collecting and measuring bottle 10 and the first liquid inlet pipe 36 of the water and granite action chamber 13 in sequence under the action of the corresponding peristaltic pump 30, and then is guided out through the first liquid outlet pipe 38 of the water and granite action chamber 13, a part of effluent flows back into the first water sample collecting and measuring bottle 10 through the first return pipe 12 under the action of the corresponding flow adjusting needle valve 31 and the peristaltic pump 30 so as to be mixed with the groundwater in the granite medium water-rock action simulation unit 1, so that a first flow circulation is completed, the groundwater in the first water sample collecting and measuring bottle 10 can be periodically sampled and detected through the first sampling pipe 11, and the change rule information of the chemical composition of the water after the water and the granite act is obtained; the other part of effluent enters the groundwater and bentonite medium water rock action simulation unit 2 through a second water inlet pipe 15 on a second water sample collecting and measuring bottle 14 under the action of a corresponding flow regulating needle valve 31 and a peristaltic pump 30;
s2: simulating the water-rock interaction between underground water and a bentonite medium, and periodically sampling and detecting the aqueous solution: after groundwater enters the second water sample collecting and measuring bottle 14 through the second water inlet pipe 15 on the second water sample collecting and measuring bottle 14, the groundwater in the second water sample collecting and measuring bottle 14 is pumped into the water and bentonite reaction chamber 18 under the action of the corresponding peristaltic pump 30 and is discharged from the second liquid outlet pipe 44 and the third liquid outlet pipe 45 of the water and bentonite reaction chamber 18, the groundwater discharged from the second liquid outlet pipe 44 flows back into the second water sample collecting and measuring bottle 14 under the action of the corresponding flow regulating needle valve 31 and the peristaltic pump 30 to be mixed with the original groundwater in the second water sample collecting and measuring bottle 14 to complete the first flow circulation, the groundwater in the second water sample collecting and measuring bottle 14 can be periodically sampled and detected through the second sampling pipe 16 on the second water sample collecting and measuring bottle 14, the information of the change rule of the chemical composition of the water after the bentonite reaction is obtained, and the information of the change rule of the chemical composition of the water obtained by the water and granite medium water reaction simulation unit 1 Comparing to obtain the rule of mutual influence between the water and rock actions of the two media, and allowing the groundwater discharged from the third liquid outlet pipe 45 on the bentonite action chamber 18 to enter the third water sample collecting and measuring bottle 19 of the groundwater and concrete medium rock action simulation unit 3 under the action of the corresponding flow adjusting needle valve 31 and peristaltic pump 30;
s3: simulating the water-rock interaction between underground water and a concrete medium, and periodically sampling and detecting the aqueous solution: after groundwater enters a third water sample collecting and measuring bottle 19 in the groundwater and concrete medium water rock action simulation unit 3, the groundwater in the third water sample collecting and measuring bottle 19 is pumped into a water and concrete action chamber 20 under the action of a corresponding peristaltic pump 30 and is discharged from a second liquid outlet pipe 44 and a third liquid outlet pipe 45 of the water and concrete action chamber 20, the groundwater discharged from the second liquid outlet pipe 44 flows back into the third water sample collecting and measuring bottle 19 under the action of a corresponding flow regulating needle valve 31 and the peristaltic pump 30 to be mixed with the original groundwater in the third water sample collecting and measuring bottle 19 to complete first flow circulation, the groundwater in the third water sample collecting and measuring bottle 19 can be periodically sampled and detected through a second sampling pipe 16 on the third water sample collecting and measuring bottle 19, the information of the change rule of the water chemical composition after the bentonite action is obtained, and the information of the change rule of the water chemical composition after the bentonite action is obtained through the unit 2 which simulates the action of the groundwater and the bentonite medium water rock action Comparing to obtain the rule of mutual influence between the water and rock actions of the two media, and allowing the water and the underground water discharged from the third liquid outlet pipe 45 on the concrete action chamber 20 to enter the luer joint 7 under the action of the corresponding flow regulating needle valve 31 and the peristaltic pump 30;
s4: simulating the dynamic migration process of nuclides in a concrete medium under the action of underground water carrying and nuclide concentration sampling analysis: a syringe 8 with the capacity of 10mL is adopted to inject a solution containing the radioactive nuclide into a nuclide in concrete dynamic migration chamber 21 of a nuclide in concrete dynamic migration simulation unit 4 through a luer connector 7, the underground water and the underground water of the concrete medium water rock action simulation unit 3 are led into a nuclide of a dynamic migration simulation unit 4 of the nuclide in the concrete medium in a dynamic migration chamber 21 of the concrete medium through an adjusting luer 7, the dynamic migration process of the nuclide in the concrete medium is started, then the effluent liquid of the dynamic migration simulation unit is pumped out through a corresponding peristaltic pump 30, one part of the effluent liquid enters a first automatic part collector 23 through a corresponding flow adjusting needle valve 31 from a first discharge pipe 22 for timing sampling, and the other part of the effluent liquid enters a nuclide dynamic migration chamber 24 of the dynamic migration simulation unit 5 of the nuclide in the bentonite medium through a corresponding flow adjusting needle valve 31;
s5: simulating the dynamic migration process of nuclides in a bentonite medium under the action of underground water carrier and the sampling analysis of the nuclide concentration: when the effluent containing the radionuclide enters the nuclide dynamic migration chamber 24 in the bentonite, the dynamic migration process of the nuclide in the bentonite medium is started, then the effluent is pumped out by a corresponding peristaltic pump 30, one part of the effluent enters a second automatic partial collector 26 from a second liquid discharge pipe 25 through a corresponding flow regulating needle valve 31 for timing sampling, and the other part of the effluent enters a nuclide dynamic migration chamber 27 in the granite through a corresponding flow regulating needle valve 31 for the nuclide dynamic migration simulation unit 6 in the granite medium;
s6: simulating the dynamic migration process of nuclides in a granite medium under the action of underground water carrying and nuclide concentration sampling analysis: after the effluent containing the radionuclides enters the nuclide mobilization chamber 27 in the granite, the process of the nuclide mobilization in the granite medium is initiated, after which its effluent is periodically sampled by entering a third automated fraction collector 28.
The first embodiment is as follows:
filling and saturating granite, bentonite and concrete samples.
Firstly 200The granite powder, the bentonite of 200 meshes and the concrete sample of 200 meshes are respectively put into sample chambers corresponding to six units of a simulation experiment device for water rock action and nuclide dynamic migration in a multi-barrier structure of a disposal warehouse: the granite powder is dry powder with a packing density of 1.6g/cm3(ii) a The bentonite powder is mixed with water for humidification, the water content is adjusted to 22%, and then the bentonite powder is compacted and filled into a sample chamber, and the compacted dry density is 1.5g/cm3(ii) a The concrete powder is dry powder with a compacted dry density of 1.5g/cm3. The sample chamber containing the sample was then placed in a vacuum saturator and saturated with water for a week.
Assembly of experimental device for simulating water-rock action and nuclide migration in multiple barriers of disposal depot
Referring to fig. 1-10, the various components of the device are assembled in series.
Controlling experimental conditions
The experimental condition control sequentially comprises negative pressure control in the upper liquid collecting chamber, flow rate control of each peristaltic pump 30, flow control of the flow control valve 31, water sample sampling interval time control and single-tube collection time control of the automatic partial collector.
a. Controlling the negative pressure in the upper liquid collecting chamber: because the permeability of the compacted bentonite and the concrete is low (the permeability coefficient of the compacted bentonite is two orders of magnitude lower than that of the concrete), a vacuumizing mode needs to be adopted for the upper liquid collecting chamber of the unit where the compacted bentonite is located, so that negative pressure difference is formed in the upper liquid collecting chamber, and water flow is accelerated to pass through the compacted bentonite and the concrete medium sample. Therefore, the negative pressure difference formed in the upper liquid collecting chamber determines the migration speed of the water flow. According to the permeability coefficients of the compacted bentonite and the consolidated concrete, the pressure difference in the liquid collecting chamber at the upper part of the unit where the bentonite is located is controlled to be 300kPa (relative to the atmospheric pressure), and the pressure difference in the liquid collecting chamber at the upper part of the unit where the concrete is located is controlled to be 200kPa (relative to the atmospheric pressure).
b. Flow rate control for each peristaltic pump 30: after the granite powder is compacted, the permeability coefficient of the granite powder is higher, so the water flow transport speed of a unit where the granite is located is mainly determined by the pump speed of the peristaltic pump 30; after each effluent exits the sample chamber, its rate of entry into the collection vial and the next cell is also determined by the pump speed of peristaltic pump 30. And controlling the pump speed of all peristaltic pumps to be 105 mu L/min according to the reported actual flow rate value of underground water in the site.
c. The flow control valve 31 controls flow: the effluent in part of the units is divided into two parts, wherein one part enters a water sample measuring bottle or an automatic part collector, and the other part enters the next unit. Therefore, in order to strictly ensure that the two parts have equal volumes (which is convenient for calculating the volume of each path of water body) to flow out, the flow of the water body in the two paths of pipes needs to be controlled by the flow regulating valve 31.
d. Controlling the sampling interval time of the water sample: the sampling interval of the water samples is determined according to the inflow time difference and the outflow time difference of the water body in each unit under the control of the pressure difference in the peristaltic pump 30 and the upper liquid collecting chamber respectively, the time difference of the inflow time and the outflow time of the water body from the granite sample chamber is defined as T1, the time difference of the inflow time and the outflow time of the water body from the bentonite sample chamber is defined as T2, and the time difference of the inflow time and the outflow time of the water body from the concrete is defined as T3. And determining the sampling interval time of the water sample according to the measured T1, T2 and T3 values, and simultaneously, sampling the water body once, which means that the water body circulates once in each unit.
e. Automatic partial collector single-tube collection time control: the individual collection times of the automated partial collectors are determined based on effluent flow rate, nuclide effluent concentration, and the minimum measurement volume requirements of the detection instrument for the nuclide effluent sample. Typically, the time required to collect a volume of 2mL per collection tube is the automated partial collector single tube collection control time.
Water sample chemical composition and nuclide concentration measurement and analysis
Sending the water samples collected from the sampling pipes to an ion chromatograph for chemical component analysis; and acidifying the nuclide effluent sample collected from each mobile part collector by acid liquor with the mass fraction of nitric acid of 2%, and then sending the nuclide effluent sample to an atomic radiation spectrometer or an inductively coupled mass spectrometer for measuring the concentration of the nuclide ions.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the embodiments and/or modifications of the invention can be made, and equivalents and modifications of some features of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. Deal with water rock effect and nuclide migration simulation experiment device in the multiple barrier of storehouse, its characterized in that: the simulation system comprises a groundwater and granite medium water-rock action simulation unit (1), a groundwater and bentonite medium water-rock action simulation unit (2), a groundwater and concrete medium water-rock action simulation unit (3), a nuclide dynamic migration simulation unit (4) in a concrete medium, a nuclide dynamic migration simulation unit (5) in a bentonite medium, a nuclide dynamic migration simulation unit (6) in a granite medium, a luer connector (7) and an injector (8), wherein the groundwater and granite medium water-rock action simulation unit (1) is communicated with the groundwater and bentonite medium water-rock action simulation unit (2), the groundwater and bentonite medium water-rock action simulation unit (2) is communicated with the groundwater and concrete medium water-rock action simulation unit (3), and the groundwater and concrete medium water-rock action simulation unit (3) is communicated with the nuclide dynamic migration simulation unit (7) in the concrete medium through the luer connector (7) 4) The dynamic migration simulation unit (4) of the nuclide in the concrete medium is communicated with the dynamic migration simulation unit (5) of the nuclide in the bentonite medium, and the dynamic migration simulation unit (5) of the nuclide in the bentonite medium is communicated with the dynamic migration simulation unit (6) of the nuclide in the granite medium;
the injector (8) is used for containing the radionuclide and quantitatively injecting the radionuclide into the dynamic migration simulation unit (4) of the nuclide in the concrete medium, the dynamic migration simulation unit (5) of the nuclide in the bentonite medium and the dynamic migration simulation unit (6) of the nuclide in the granite medium through the luer (7);
the underground water and granite medium water-rock interaction simulation unit (1), the underground water and bentonite medium water-rock interaction simulation unit (2) and the underground water and concrete medium water-rock interaction simulation unit (3) are used for simulating water-rock interaction between underground water solution and different media and detecting chemical composition change of the water solution in real time;
the dynamic migration simulation unit (4) of the nuclide in the concrete medium, the dynamic migration simulation unit (5) of the nuclide in the bentonite medium, and the dynamic migration simulation unit (6) of the nuclide in the granite medium are used for simulating dynamic migration processes of groundwater solution carrying the radionuclide in different media respectively after water-rock interaction.
2. The experimental apparatus for simulating water-rock action and nuclide migration in the multiple barriers of the disposal repository as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the underground water and granite medium water-rock action simulation unit (1) comprises an underground water tank (9), a first water sample collecting and measuring bottle (10) and a water and granite action chamber (13), wherein the underground water tank (9) is communicated with the top of the first water sample collecting and measuring bottle (10), the top of the first water sample collecting and measuring bottle (10) is provided with a first sampling pipe (11) and a first backflow pipe (12) in a penetrating manner, the water and granite action chamber (13) comprises a first sealed container (32), the inner wall of the first sealed container (32) is symmetrically provided with two first nylon nets (33) and two first porous permeable plates (34), the two first nylon nets (33) are positioned at the inner sides of the two first porous permeable plates (34), a first sample chamber (35) is formed between the two first nylon nets (33), the top of the first sealed container (32) is provided with a first liquid outlet pipe (38) in a penetrating manner, the bottom of first sealed container (32) is run through and is provided with first feed liquor pipe (36) and first blast pipe (37), outer wall bottom intercommunication of first feed liquor pipe (36) and first water sample collection measuring flask (10), first drain pipe (38) and first return tube (12) intercommunication.
3. The experimental apparatus for simulating water-rock interaction and nuclide migration in the multiple barriers of the disposal repository as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the groundwater and bentonite medium water rock action simulation unit (2) comprises a second water sample collecting and measuring bottle (14), a water and bentonite action chamber (18), wherein a second water inlet pipe (15), a second sampling pipe (16) and a second return pipe (17) are arranged at the top of the second water sample collecting and measuring bottle (14) in a penetrating mode, the water and bentonite action chamber (18) comprises a second sealed container (39), two second nylon nets (40) and two second porous water permeable plates (41) are symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the second sealed container (39), the two second nylon nets (40) are located on the inner sides of the two second porous water permeable plates (41), a second sample chamber (42) is formed between the two second nylon nets (40), and a liquid outlet funnel (43) is arranged above the second sample chamber (42) in the second sealed container (39), the inside of second sealed container (39) forms upper portion collecting chamber in the top of going out liquid funnel (43), go out liquid funnel (43) and the laminating of the porous permeable plate of second (41) that corresponds, the bilateral symmetry that the outer wall of second sealed container (39) is located out liquid funnel (43) runs through and is provided with second drain pipe (44) and third drain pipe (45), the top of second sealed container (39) runs through and is provided with first manometer (46) and second exhaust tube (47), the bottom of second sealed container (39) runs through and is provided with second feed liquor pipe (48) and second blast pipe (49), second drain pipe (44) and second back flow (17) intercommunication, the outer wall bottom intercommunication of second feed liquor pipe (48) and second water sample collection measuring flask (14).
4. The experimental apparatus for simulating water-rock interaction and nuclide migration in the multiple barriers of the disposal repository as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the groundwater and concrete medium water rock action simulation unit (3) comprises a third water sample collecting and measuring bottle (19) and a water and concrete action chamber (20), the third water sample collecting and measuring bottle (19) and the second water sample collecting and measuring bottle (14) have the same structure, the water and concrete acting chamber (20) and the water and bentonite acting chamber (18) have the same structure, a second water inlet pipe (15) of the third water sample collecting and measuring bottle (19) is communicated with a third liquid outlet pipe (45) of the water and bentonite reaction chamber (18), a second liquid outlet pipe (44) of the water and concrete reaction chamber (20) is communicated with a second return pipe (17) of a third water sample collecting and measuring bottle (19), a second liquid inlet pipe (48) of the water and concrete reaction chamber (20) is communicated with the bottom of the outer wall of the third water sample collecting and measuring bottle (19), and a third liquid outlet pipe (45) of the water and concrete action chamber (20) is communicated with the Ruhr joint (7).
5. The experimental apparatus for simulating water-rock interaction and nuclide migration in the multiple barriers of the disposal repository as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the dynamic migration simulation unit (4) of the nuclide in the concrete medium comprises a nuclide dynamic migration chamber (21) in the concrete, a first liquid discharge pipe (22) and a first automatic part collector (23), the internal structure of the nuclide dynamic migration chamber (21) in the concrete is the same as that of a water and bentonite action chamber (18), a fourth liquid discharge pipe (50) penetrates through the outer wall of a second sealed container (39) in the nuclide dynamic migration chamber (21) in the concrete, the fourth liquid discharge pipe (50) is located on one side of a corresponding liquid discharge funnel (43), a third air suction pipe (51) and a second pressure gauge (52) penetrate through the top of a second sealed container (39) in the nuclide dynamic migration chamber (21) in the concrete, a third liquid inlet pipe (53) and a third air discharge pipe (54) penetrate through the bottom of the second sealed container (39) in the nuclide dynamic migration chamber (21) in the concrete, the third liquid inlet pipe (53) is communicated with a luer connector (7), the water inlet end of the first liquid discharge pipe (22) is communicated with a fourth liquid outlet pipe (50) of a nuclide dynamic migration chamber (21) in concrete, and the water outlet end of the first liquid discharge pipe (22) is communicated with the first automatic part collector (23).
6. The experimental apparatus for simulating water-rock interaction and nuclide migration in the multiple barriers of the disposal repository as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the dynamic migration simulation unit (5) of the nuclide in the bentonite medium comprises a nuclide dynamic migration chamber (24) in the bentonite, a second liquid discharge pipe (25) and a second automatic partial collector (26), the structure of the nuclide dynamic migration chamber (24) in the bentonite is the same as that of the nuclide dynamic migration chamber (21) in the concrete, a third liquid inlet pipe (53) of the nuclide dynamic migration chamber (24) in the bentonite is communicated with the dynamic migration simulation unit (5) of the nuclide dynamic migration chamber (21) in the concrete in the bentonite medium, a water inlet end of the second liquid discharge pipe (25) is communicated with a fourth liquid outlet pipe (50) of the nuclide dynamic migration chamber (24) in the bentonite, and a water outlet end of the second liquid discharge pipe (25) is communicated with the second automatic partial collector (26).
7. The experimental apparatus for simulating water-rock interaction and nuclide migration in the multiple barriers of the disposal repository as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the simulation unit (6) for the dynamic migration of the nuclide in a granite medium comprises a nuclide dynamic migration chamber (27) in granite and a third automatic partial collector (28), the structure of the nuclide dynamic migration chamber (27) in granite is the same as that of a water and granite action chamber (13), a first liquid inlet pipe (36) of the nuclide dynamic migration chamber (27) in granite is communicated with a fourth liquid outlet pipe (50) of the nuclide dynamic migration chamber (24) in bentonite, and a first liquid outlet pipe (38) of the nuclide dynamic migration chamber (27) in granite is communicated with the third automatic partial collector (28).
8. The experimental apparatus for simulating water-rock interaction and nuclide migration in the multiple barriers of a disposal repository as claimed in claim 7, wherein: still include a plurality of plug valve (29), peristaltic pump (30), flow control needle valve (31), a plurality of plug valve (29), peristaltic pump (30), flow control needle valve (31) are installed in groundwater and granite medium water rock effect analog unit (1), groundwater and bentonite medium water rock effect analog unit (2), groundwater and concrete medium water rock effect analog unit (3), nuclide dynamic migration analog unit (4) in the concrete medium, nuclide dynamic migration analog unit (5) in the bentonite medium, the corresponding pipeline in nuclide dynamic migration analog unit (6) in the granite medium to be arranged in controlling the velocity of flow, flow and the break-make of fluid in each pipeline.
9. The experimental method for simulating the water-rock action and the nuclide migration in the multiple barriers of the disposal repository is used for the experimental device for simulating the water-rock action and the nuclide migration in the multiple barriers of the disposal repository as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: simulating the water-rock interaction between underground water and a granite medium, and periodically sampling and detecting the aqueous solution: under the action of a corresponding peristaltic pump (30), leading underground water into a water and granite reaction chamber (13) through a groundwater tank (9), a first water sample collecting and measuring bottle (10) and a first liquid inlet pipe (36) of the water and granite reaction chamber (13) in sequence, leading out the underground water from a first liquid outlet pipe (38) of the water and granite reaction chamber (13), and leading part of effluent liquid back to the first water sample collecting and measuring bottle (10) through a first backflow pipe (12) under the action of a corresponding flow regulating needle valve (31) and the peristaltic pump (30), so as to be mixed with the original underground water in the underground water and granite medium water-rock action simulation unit (1) to complete the first flow circulation, the underground water in the first water sample collecting and measuring bottle (10) can be sampled and detected regularly through the first sampling pipe (11), and the change rule information of the chemical composition of the water after the water and granite act is obtained; the other part of effluent enters the groundwater and bentonite medium water rock action simulation unit (2) through a second water inlet pipe (15) on a second water sample collecting and measuring bottle (14) under the action of a corresponding flow regulating needle valve (31) and a peristaltic pump (30);
s2: simulating the water-rock interaction between underground water and a bentonite medium, and periodically sampling and detecting the aqueous solution: after groundwater enters the second water sample collecting and measuring bottle (14) through a second water inlet pipe (15) on the second water sample collecting and measuring bottle (14), the groundwater in the second water sample collecting and measuring bottle (14) is pumped into the water and bentonite reaction chamber (18) under the action of a corresponding peristaltic pump (30), the groundwater is discharged from the second drain pipe (44) under the action of a corresponding flow adjusting needle valve (31) and the peristaltic pump (30) and flows back into the second water sample collecting and measuring bottle (14) to be mixed with the original groundwater in the second water sample collecting and measuring bottle (14) to complete a first mobile circulation, and the groundwater in the second water sample collecting and measuring bottle (14) can be periodically sampled and detected through a second sampling pipe (16) on the second water sample collecting and measuring bottle (14), acquiring the change rule information of the water chemical composition after the water and the bentonite react, and simultaneously comparing the change rule information with the change rule information of the water chemical composition acquired by the underground water and granite medium water-rock reaction simulation unit (1) to acquire the mutual influence rule between the water-rock reactions of the two mediums, wherein the underground water discharged from a third liquid outlet pipe (45) on a water and bentonite reaction chamber (18) enters a third water sample collecting and measuring bottle (19) of the underground water and concrete medium water-rock reaction simulation unit (3) under the action of a corresponding flow adjusting needle valve (31) and a peristaltic pump (30);
s3: simulating the water-rock interaction between underground water and a concrete medium, and periodically sampling and detecting the aqueous solution: after groundwater enters a third water sample collecting and measuring bottle (19) in the groundwater and concrete medium water rock action simulation unit (3), the groundwater in the third water sample collecting and measuring bottle (19) is pumped into a water and concrete action chamber (20) under the action of a corresponding peristaltic pump (30) and is discharged by a second liquid outlet pipe (44) and a third liquid outlet pipe (45) of the water and concrete action chamber (20), the groundwater discharged by the second liquid outlet pipe (44) flows back into the third water sample collecting and measuring bottle (19) under the action of a corresponding flow adjusting needle valve (31) and the peristaltic pump (30) to be mixed with the original groundwater in the third water sample collecting and measuring bottle (19) to complete a first flow circulation, and the groundwater in the third water sample collecting and measuring bottle (19) can be periodically sampled and detected through a second sampling pipe (16) on the third water sample collecting and measuring bottle (19), acquiring water chemical component change rule information after water and bentonite react, and simultaneously acquiring an interaction rule between the water chemical component change rule information and the water chemical component change rule information acquired by an underground water and bentonite medium water-rock action simulation unit (2), wherein the underground water discharged from a third liquid outlet pipe (45) on a water and concrete reaction chamber (20) enters a luer connector (7) under the action of a corresponding flow regulating needle valve (31) and a peristaltic pump (30);
s4: simulating the dynamic migration process of nuclides in a concrete medium under the action of underground water carrying and nuclide concentration sampling analysis: injecting a solution containing radioactive nuclides into a nuclide dynamic migration chamber (21) of a dynamic migration simulation unit (4) of the nuclide in a concrete medium by using a syringe (8) with the capacity of 10mL through a luer connector (7), introducing underground water and underground water of a concrete medium water-rock action simulation unit (3) into the nuclide dynamic migration chamber (21) of the dynamic migration simulation unit (4) of the nuclide in the concrete medium by adjusting the luer connector (7), starting a dynamic migration process of the nuclide in the concrete medium, then pumping effluent of the dynamic migration simulation unit through a corresponding peristaltic pump (30), enabling one part of the effluent to enter a first automatic part collector (23) from a first liquid discharge pipe (22) through a corresponding flow adjusting needle valve (31) for timing sampling, and enabling the other part of the effluent to enter a nuclide dynamic migration simulation unit (5) in the bentonite medium through a corresponding flow adjusting needle valve (31) for dynamic migration simulation of the nuclides in the bentonite in the concrete medium Moving the chamber (24);
s5: simulating the dynamic migration process of nuclides in a bentonite medium under the action of underground water carrier and the sampling analysis of the nuclide concentration: when the effluent containing the radionuclide enters a nuclide dynamic migration chamber (24) in the bentonite, the dynamic migration process of the nuclide in the bentonite medium is started, then the effluent is pumped out by a corresponding peristaltic pump (30), one part of the effluent enters a second automatic partial collector (26) through a corresponding flow regulating needle valve (31) and a second liquid discharge pipe (25) for timing sampling, and the other part of the effluent enters a nuclide dynamic migration chamber (27) of a nuclide dynamic migration simulation unit (6) in the granite medium through a corresponding flow regulating needle valve (31);
s6: simulating the dynamic migration process of nuclides in a granite medium under the action of underground water carrying and nuclide concentration sampling analysis: after the effluent containing the radionuclide enters a chamber (27) for the kinetic migration of the nuclide in the granite, the process of kinetic migration of the nuclide in the granite medium is started, after which its effluent is periodically sampled by entering a third automatic fraction collector (28).
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